US1678086A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

July 24, 1928.

H. D. SCHRADE'R GAS BURNER Filed Oct. 25, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet gnventoz 72? f2 flarold 19, Ac/zrader.

July 24, 1928. 1,678,086

' H. D. SCHRADER GAS BURNER Filed Oct. 25, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Harald .19. Acizzmdgr,

Patented July 24, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GAS BURNER.

Application filed October 25, 1926. Serial No. 143 945.

This invention rel ates to lllfipIOVUlllQntS in and oil burners and has reference more particularly to a combined burner in which either gas or oil can be burned separately or simultaneously with equal satisfactory results.

It is becoming increasingly popular to heat houses and to produce heat for power and other purposes by means of oil or. gas fuel In and it is the object of this invention to produce a burner of simpleconstruction that shall be so designed that it will burn either gas or oil etiiciently and which shall be safe in its operation and so constructed that it can be conveniently installed and controlled.

It is a further object of this invention to produce a burner in which either natural or artificial gas can be used with natural or forced draft and which shall be provided with means for mixing the gas with a dilutcnt whenever this may be found necessary. Another object of this invention is to provide a burner with steam or air connections by means of which it can be readily cleaned without making it necessary to take it apart. It is a further object of this invention to produce a burner in which the parts exposed to heat can be readily re moved and replaced whenever this becomes necessary.

A still further object of this invention. is to produce a burner adapted for either oil or gas in which the oil burner can be removed without affecting in the least the operation of the gas burner.

The above and other objects which may become apparent as the description proceeds are obtained by means of a construction and arrangement of parts which I will now describe in detail, reference for this purpose being; had to the accompanying drawings, in which the preferred embodiment has been illustrated and in which:

Fi re 1 is a front elevation of a portion of the furmrce which has been equipped with my improved. burner;

Figure 2 is a section taken on line 22, Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section taken on line Figure 2; and shows the air deflector plate which serves to direct the course of the incoming air;

Figure 4 is a Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a Figure 4; and p section taken on line ei-4,

section taken on line 5 5,

Figure 6 is a section taken on line 6-43, Fig; re 4t and shows the relationship of the air deflectors and the burners.

In the drawing reference numeral 1 designates the metal wall of the furnace and numeral 2 designates the lining of refractory material which may be ordinary tire brick while reference numeral 3 designates the for the admission of air to the interior there of. A rotatable cover 10 is secured in place about the conical portion 8 and this is provided with openings 11 that correspond to the openings 9 in such a way that when the portion 10 is rotated the openings 11 can be moved into register with the openings 9 so as to permit the maximum amount of air to enter. By changing the relative position of the parts 8 and 10, the effective area of the openings may be regulated to any extent desired. The conical part 8 is provided at its outer end with an outwardly extending}; flange 12 to which the door 13 is connected by means of a hinge 14. This door has a circular rim 15, which is connected by means of four or more radial arms 16 to which transparent members 17 of pyrex or other transparent heat resisting material is secured. The door is held in closed position by means of a latch 18.

Secured to the inner surface of the flange 12 is the front plate 19 of an air be): which is formed by the plate 19 and the end members 20 and 21. This air box is provided with a tube 22 that extends to a blower which may be used whenever it desirable to employ forced draft. lVhen forced draft is not used, air is permitted to enter the box through a suitable opening; which has not been shown.

An air deflector comprising a central hub portion 23 which is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending blades or arms 24 has an outside diameter which is substantially the same as the smallest interior diameter of the casting 5 so that when this deflector is put into place in the manner shown till in Figure 2, it will serve as a centering device to hold the burner parts in proper po sition. it. set screw which passes through the hub portion 23 serves to clamp the deflector member in place on the burner.

Referring now more nirticularly to Figure 4t, it will. be noticed that the burner comprises a tubular member 26 at considerable diameter whose ends are tln'eaiiled. To one oi? th ise threaded ends I ha e secured a substantially spherical housing 2'? having chamber 28 which is in communitation with the interior of the pipe 26. This housing has a reentrantconical portion 29 which terminates in an internally threaded cylindrical portion 30 to which the pipe ill. thrnu'ledly coni'iected. The pipe 31 is in a ial alignment with the pipe 526 $30 as to provide an annular cylindricr l. space 32 between the interior oi. the pipe 26 and the exterior of the pipe Ell. l lecured to the pipe 31 at the end 11carest to the chamber ti-cl are deflector plates 33 which are ar'anged spirally in the manner shown most clearly in Figure 2. Secured to the other threaded end of the pipe 26, is a hollow casting 84: which forms part of the burner construction pro 'ier. This part has a hexagonal outer surii'ace like that indicated in Figure and has a reentrant conic; 1 portion 35 that projects in vardly from the outer end thereot and terminatw; in a cylindrical internally threaded portion 36 which is threadedly coimccted to the correspoiuling end of the pipe 3i. An annular chamber 3? is formed between the inner walls of the part Eli and the outer wall ot the cylindrical portion Openings 38 are drilled through the outer wall and into the annular chamber 37 at the center of each of the hexagonal surfaces.

it will l). noted that the outer end oi the casting El i; is pro vided with a :l'lange 39 which serves as a means for anchoring the burner arms =1! 0 in place thereon, one burner z. rm ll) for each of the hexagonal outer surfaces, and each of these arms is provided with a notch which i. adapted to receive a portion ot the flange 35). These arms are provided with a. downwardly extending flange t]. which is per'ln': ted tor the reception of a bolt 42 by m ians of which they are clamped to the nien'iber 3i: (Figure t). 'l hese arms are hollow and provided with chambers 4..3 that have an opening which communicates with the opening 38 when the arms are in position on the member 34:. in this manner it will be noticed that the interior of each of the burner arms is in direct communica tion with the cylindrical. annular chamber 32. The arms 10 are each provided with a row of openings hat, through which the escapes. The axes of these openings are in the direction of the arrow 45 in Figure 6, so that the gas, when it leaves the arms will move in the direction oi? these arrows. From Figure 6, it will also he noted that the air which ei'iters between the. detlecto' arms 2% is forced to take the path indicated by arrow it; and w'll therefore intersect the path of the gas at an angle oi. substantially ninety degrees-1. This produces a very good ilifitlii'Q oi? an and gas which results in a 7.1orouph coinluistion oi the latter and which therefore giv high el'liciency from a thermal point elf view.

in Figure the gas supply pipe has been indicated by numeral l and the control valve by nume 'al a8. This pipe is connected to the hollow cylindrical member 2'? and is in direct communication with the chamber 538. Another oipe i9 is also connected to the member and communicates with the chamber 28. This pipe is controlled by a v2 lve and is adapted to supply steam, air or inert to the gas which enters by means of pipe i7. VVllQllCVGl' the gas is of a higher calorific value than that reqnirid for the most ellicient operation, it is customary to mix the same with a c.rtain amount oi? gases of combustion which merely serve asa dilntent and assist in obtaining a more thorough and eilicient combustion. The valves and 50 are provided with long sten s and respectively, which termihate in hand wheels 53 and M, respectively. These hand wheels may be located at some convenient place outside of the air chambers. Where it is desired to burn gas merely, the burn which 1 have described above is sutiicient. In the operation of this burner the gas enters the chamber 28 "from pipe 41:7 and here it is mixed either with an inert gas or with steam and passes from thence into the cylindrical annular chamber 32 ietween the blades 33. These deflector eenector blades serve to Hill; the gas with the inert gas or with the steam and this mixture then passes inwardly along the chamber 32 through the opening 38 to the interior chamber 43 of each of the burners. mm the burner arms the gas emerges through the holes ll in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 6 and is here mixed with the incoming stream oi? air which travels in the direction of arrow ettl. The air is either forced inwardly by means oil a fan or in some installations the draft produced by the gas as it emerges from the holes 4:3 is su'llieient to cause the necessary amount of air to enter.

I desire to cill attention at this point to the flange 55 oi the casting 5 (l igure 2), This flange projects into the interior of the furnace and serves to hold the iii ing blocks 3 properly centered about the horns From this figure it will be noticed that the lining blocks 3 are of a peculiar shape and are provided with an annular recess for the reception of the flange I also want to call attention to the fact "till! that by means of the pipe 49 and the control valve 50, it is possible to admit steam or air under pressure into the burner for the purpose of cleaning the same. This is accomplished by closing valve l8 and opening valve 50, thereby forcing air or steam under pressure through the annular chamber 32, the interior of the burner arms and through the openings n. This is a very convenient way oil cleaning the burner whenever this is :iound to be desirable. In addition to this, I desire to call special attention to the manner in which the burner arms are socured to the hub Bel, which permits them to be readily removed and replaced whenever it is maressary. Since these burner arms are always subjected to a high temperature they deteriorate very fast and must be replaced whenever the deterioration reaches a certain stage.

I have shown the interior of the pipe 31 of the gas burner as being occupied by means oi? the tulailar portion 56 of the oil burner, and I will now proceed to describe the construction of this oil burner.

In the description above, I have intimated that the interior of pipe 31 is open so as to form an air passage and this is true whenever the burner is intended for use in coni'iection with gas only. In gas burners, the admission of air through the central opening produces a better combustion than when the air is mixed in any other way and I therefore consider that this central air opening is of particular in'iportance in the construction of the gas burner. In addition to the ad *antage of admitting air to the center of the burner, this center opening can also be used for the reception of the oil burner which I will now describe in detail.

IVhere the oil burner alone is used the arms 40 of the gas burner act as a diliuser of tl air and serve to produce bet-tor mixture. W hen the gas burner alone is used steam or air may be passed inwardly through the oil burner and this will keep the parts cool and also serve to mix oxygen with the gas at the center of the flame whereby better combustion is secured.

From the above description it will be observed that the door is provided of transparent portion 17. This is oi. great importance as it permits the operator to view the operation of the burner and the position of the parts without having to open the door. As the door is in con'nnunication with the throat in which the burner is located. the opening of the door would interfere with the proper operation and I therefore con.- sider the presence of this transparent portion of {great importancein this combination.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is:

1. A gas burner comprising a hollow body member having a mixing chamber and two axially aligned openings, one of which is of greater diameter than the other, a pipe secured to the side of the opening having the larger diameter, said pipe extending outwardly from said body member, a second pipe, whose exterior diameter is smaller than the interior diameter of the first mentioned pipe located within the latter, one end of said smaller pipe extending through the mixing chamber and threadedly connected with the wall of the smaller opening, a hub mem her having a central opening and an annular chamber concentric therewith, the outer wall of the annular chamber being connected. with the larger pipe and the inner wall of said annular chamber being connected. with the smaller pipe, whereby the annular chamber is put into communication with the mixing chan'iber through the annular cylindrical space between the pipes and a plurality of hollow burner arms secured to the hub member and having their interiors in comn1unication with the annular space in the hub.

2. A gas burner comprising a hollow body member having a mixing chamber and two axially aligned openings, one of which is of greater diameter than the other, a pipe secured to the side of the opening having the larger diameter, said pipe extending outwardly from said body member, a second pipe. whose exterior diameter is smaller than the interior diameter of the first mentioned pipe located within the latter, one end of said smaller pipe extending through, the mixing chamber and threadedly connected with the wall of the smaller opening, a hub member having a central opening and an annular chamber concentric therewith, the outer wall of the annular chamber being connected with the larger pipe and the in ner wall of said annular chamber being connected. with the smaller pipe, whereby the annular chamber is put into communication. with the mi '15: chamber through the annular cylindrical. space between the pipes, a plurality of hollow burner arms secured to the hub member and having their interiors in communication with the annular space in the hub and a plurality of spiral deflecting. vanes on the exterior surface of the smaller pipe between the mixing chamber and the burner.

3. A burner comprising a hollow body member having a mixing chamber and two axially aligned openings. one 01 which is of greater diameter than the other, a pipe secured to the side of the opening having the larger diameter, said pipe extending outwardly from said body, a second pipe, whose exterior diameter is smaller than the interior diameter of the first mentioned. pipe located within the latter, one end of said smaller pipe extending through the mixing chamber and threadedly connected with the wall of the smaller opening, a hub member having a nular chamber being connected with the smaller pipe, whereby the annular ehan'iber is put into communieation with the mixing; chamber through the annular cylindrical space between the pipes and an air deflecting centering spider secured to the larger pipe between the l'nixing chamber and the burner.

l. A gas burner con'iprising a hollow body member having a mixing chamber and two axially aligned openings, one of which is oi. greater diameter than the other, a pipe se cured to the side of the opening having the larger diameter. said pipe extending outward ly from said body, a second pipe, whose exterior character is sn'ialler than the interior diameter or the first mentioned pipe located within the latter, one end of said smaller pipe extending through the n'iixing chamber and threadedly connected with the wall of the smaller opening, a hub member having a central opening and an annular chamber concentric therewith, the outer all oi the annular chai'nber being connected with the larger pipe and the inner wall of said annular chamber being connected with the smaller pipe, whereby the annular chamber put into communication with the mixing chamber through the annular cylindrical space between the pipes, an air deflecting centering spider secured to the larger pipe between the mixing chamber and the burner and a plurality of spirally arranged vanes on the outer surface of the smaller pipe be tween the mixing chamber and the burner.

5. A gas burner having, in combination, a hub portion having a cylindrical annular chamber extending inwardly from one end thereof and a central opening concentric with said annular chamber and extending entirely through said hub, a flange extending torimrdly from one end of the hub, a plurality ot hollow burner arms, each arm having a projection provided with a notch for receiving the flange and means for se curing the arms to the sides of the hub, said hub and burner having registering openings whereby the interior of the hub is in cominimieation with the interior of the burners.

(3. A gas burner having a central hub provided with hollow burner arms extending outwardly, said arms having surfaces that are inclined in the direction of the axis of the hub, a deflector plate spaced a short distance from the burner arms, said deflector having a plurality of radial arms whose a are inclined in the opposite direction from that of the burner arms.

in testimony whereof I allix my signature.

HAROLD D. SCHRADER.

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