US1612698A - Machine for and method of dyeing cloth and otherwise treating textiles - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 28, 1926. 1,612,698

MACHINE FOR AND METHOD OF DYEING CLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES w. P. coHoE Filed Dec. 19, 1925 m m m m M %m ATTORNEYS.

Patented net. as, 1592c.-

' UNEED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WALLACE PATTEN COHOE, OE RIVERDALE-ON-THE-HUDSON, NEWhYO RK, ASSIGNOR TO COHOE PROCESSES, INC., OE NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MACHINE FOR AND METHOD DYEING CLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES. 3

Application filed December s, 1925. Seria1No. 76,407.

This invention relates to a method and machine for treating textiles or similar materials with a fluid and the general object thereof is to provide such a method and machine that textiles may be treated with the fluid more thoroughly and uniformly, as well as more quickly, than heretofore.

As anexample of the operation of the n'lcthod and the machine, reference will be made to a method and machine for dyeing cloth. It is to be understood however, that the example is only illustrative of the-many adaptations of the invention.

' lVhile studying and seeking to improve the methods now in use for dyeing cloth and otherwise treating textiles, I concluded that in order to secure uniform. dyeing or treatment of the textile it is necessary for each individual fiber of the textile to be treated thoroughly with the dye or treating fluid, and in order to make such a treatment feasible forpractical commercial operationsome'simple method, and apparatus for carrying out the'method, would have to,

he invented. Therefore, I devised my new method and apparatus for treating textiles. This method consists in part in continually changing the fluid in contact with the textile while it is undergoing treatment and one of the objects of my invention is the provisionof a new method of circulating the fluid through the textile, so that the spent fluid is swept out of the textile and out of contact with the fibers and its place taken by fresh fluid. j

Another object of the invention is to pro-, vide a machine of the above type which will so drive the fluid against the textile that the fluid will not only pass through the interstices of the textile, but penetrate and pass through the threads from which the textile is made so that the fluid in contact with the individual fibers is continually changed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple machine so designed that when operated as intended in conjunction with a textile to be treated, for instance with a cloth to be dyed, it will cause a circulation of the fluid, for instance the dye liquor, through the textile or cloth while the cloth is passed rapidly through the ma-.

' chine.

Otherobjects and features of the invention will more fully appear from the fol lowing description and the accompanying 'drawin and will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

The drawings illustrate types of -a machine invented and adapted to carry out the process which I have invented.

In the drawings Fig. 1 illustrates a machine designed to treat textiles of heavy or medium weight, with all'of the active rolls running in the same direction.

Fig. 2 illustrates a machine designed to treat textiles of medium or light weight.

Fig. 3 illustrates a machinesimilar to that shown in Fig. 1 except that the center active roll is moving in the direction opposite to the directions of movement of the other active rolls. 1

Each of the machines illustrated in the accompanying drawings was invented with a view to having a machine which is .extremely simple and easily made, but one which will adequately accomplish the function of forcing a fluid such as dye liquor, through a textile such as cloth. In the machine I makeuse of the'so called skin friction of a body moving in a fluid, a phenomenon which is extremely old, but which i has never before been made; use'of in the treatment of a. textile with a fluid.

It is well known that when a body is' moving through a fluid, a layer of the fluid adjacent the body moves 'withthe body,-v forming a moving stream of the fluid. This is due to the friction, called the skin 'f'riction, between the surface of the body and the fluid. The stream of fluid formed by a slowly moving body is negligible, but a rapidly moving body will impart considerable speed toquite a large mass of fluid which therefore possesses a large amount'of kinetic energy. If an article-is interposed in the path of this moving mass of fluid,

pressure is exerted against the article which may be used to deflect and to direct the course of the stream to an extent depending upon the resistance which the article offers to the stream. If the rapidly moving stream is impeded its energy may be IOU utilized to create a fluid pressure and if the stream'isdirected into an enclosure an apprec-iable fluid pressure is built up within the enclosure.-

Thus, when a roll or similar element is rapidly revolving in a fluid, a layer of the fluid surrounds the roll due to the skin tionpf the and not revolving. fluid in both cases energy which may be utilized.

that if a textile such as cloth is placed-so of the layer ing with i great force otherand to the speed thefstream fluid passes friction and the greater the speed of revolurolL the greater will be the kinetic energy of the fluid and the force or pressure which the layer or stream ofthe 5 fluid will exert.

Also if a continuous body or element such as a piece of textile is rapidly' moved through a fluid, a layer of fluid is drawn with the body in the form hf a stream which is similar ,to the stream formed by the revoluticn of the roll, exceptthatin the-case of the continuous body the stream maybe moving in more or less of a straightline The stream of. moi-ing however, possesses kinetic It will therefore be understood piece ofclosely. adjacent to a roll which is rapidly 0 revolving in a fluid, that the textile contacts very appreciable pressure which causes the fluid to pass through theitextile,

It will'also be understood that if a length 'of textile is drawn rapidly through the fluid,

abody or element may be so placed in the path of the fluid stream drawn with the textile that the stream is'directed ordeflected against the textile and thattheflu'id'stream may possess suflicientenergy to force the fluid through thepermeable textile.

Furthermore, the positions of the permeableor textile element and the other element orroll may be and in my machines and method preferably are,

of the stream that is so directed, that part of the through the permeable element and part passes between the elements to *form a cushion on which the textile rides 'f over the roll.- have invented the stream of fluid is driven In the" machines which I between the permeable element'wd other element .(the textile and-the roll) where its forward motion is somewhat checked and p a pressure developed, which causes part of the fluid to pass through the textile while asses on between.

another part of thefluid' the two elements to hold t cm apart. -Preferably one element is run so fast that its skin friction creates the stream and the see i 0nd element which is preferably the perme ab leelement is so posltioned that it inter- Vferes with the stream formed by the ,first "element and is run at such a speed that it creates very little or no' stream by itself but impedes the flow of the stream created by so correlated to each the first element, thus creating a pressure between the elements and causing the fluid "to he di'ii'cn through the permeable element.

In the particular type of machine which 1 have chosen for the purposes, of illustrating 1n this instance the practiceofmy method,

I-provide one or more rolls-"which contact] with the fluid and the textile or clothto be treated is lead over or under or adjacent the i=olls.- The rolls are then revolved at such a speed that due to the skin friction, each of the revolving rolls draws a film of the fluid around with it and forms a filmof the fluid on. the roll between the surface of the roll and the textile. Pressure is prob /erably exerted on the textile tending to force it toward the surface of the adjacent :roll and the roll may be and preferably is revolved so fastthat there is always a film of fluid between the-surface of the roll and the textile which prevents the textile from touching the roll. Under these conditions the textile is always riding-on and enclosing a and which is trying to pass through the textile due to the kinetic energy of the revolving fluid layer. Thus the roll acts as a pump whicl forces liquid through the textile.

It will be appreciated that there are many speeds at which therolls may be operated to force the fluid through the textile, which speeds depend upon several varying factors such as the resistance of the textile to the -mass of fluid which is ,under pressure lUU Preferably the textile and rolls do not i move inthe same direction with the same speed so that there is a differential motion between the textile and the adjacent roll which tends to forces the fluid through the textile. been found to be desi'rable'to drive the rolls de crease the speed of the fluid stream and builds up a pressure which It has so fast that their {peripheral speed isgreater than the speed 0 the textile in which case the textile causes the decrease in speed of the fluid stream and the consequent building up of the fluid pressure; It has also been found to be desirable in some instances to run 'the textile and rolls in opposite rlirections in which case there is obviously amuch 1 greater diflierential motion than where'the roll and textile run in the same direction.

In this latter case the textile exerts an excep-I tionally strongretarding efiect on the fluid stream.

It may y be desirable in some instances i have the cloth touch lightly on thesurface of the roll along one line ofcontact. If this is desired, the rolls may berun more slowly than usual :and advantage taken of the fact that the fluid will keep from the roll where the, fluid first contacts the textile separated with the textile, but as the fluid gradually textile.

passes through the textile a point is reached,

provided the rolls are run slow enough and the textile forced toward the rolls with suflicicnt pressure, where there is no more fluid to form the fluid layer, it all having been lost by the slowing down effect of its contact with the textile and its leakage therethrough. At the point where the fluid has all been lost, the textile will touch the roll.

The fluid may be circulated through the textile in various ways depending upon the course in which the textile is passed adjacent to the rolls and the speed at which the rolls are rotated. The effect of changing the speed of the rolls has been noted above.

It is desired to note here that it' the. textile is run over and under alternative rolls, the

fluid may be forced through the textile first from one side and then from the other.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, three active or pumping rolls, 1, 2 and 3 are shown although any number may be used, They may be driven in either direction, or some of the rolls may be driven in opposite directions, but as illustrated, in this figure, they are all driven clock-wise. The cloth 4. however, is passed over the first of the pumping rolls, under the second roll and over the third roll with the result that the fluid is forced from below the cloth upward- 1y through it by rolls 1 and 3 and downwardly through the cloth by roll number 2. Thus the direction of the fluid through the textile is reversed during the treatment.

The rolls are preferably mounted in a container 5 totally enclosed except for the openings 6 and 7 through which the textile respectively enters and leaves the container These openings are preferably of a size only sufficient to permit the free passage of the textile and thus the fluid only contacts with the air at the small openings. To prevent as far as possible the entranee'of air into the container flexible closures 8 and 9 may be provided to rest lightly against the moving The prevention of the contact of the air with the fluid may be extremely do.-

sirable where the fluid used in the machine is such as would be damaged by contact with the air.

It has been found that in the normaloperation of the machine with a fluid such as a water solution of a ye, there is'a difl'erence in the head of t e fluid of about 8 inches between the openings 6 and -7. The walls of the container at the openings may be extended as far upward as desired and the container filled until the fluid stands in the openings well above the top of the rolls, thus causing the treatment of the textile with the fluid to take place under pressure.

Cocks 10 may be provided to permit the escape of gas entrapped during the filling of the container or the operation of the machine, or to permit the addition of fluid should such be desired. Cocks 11 are provided for draining the container. Guide rolls 12 and 13 are shown on the machines illustrated in the drawings. They may be used or notes desired, but when used they assist in keeping the textile straight andsmooth on the pumping rolls.

Fig. 2 illustrates a machine having the auxiliary guide rolls 1 1, 15, 16 and 17, which may be used where it is desired to have the liquor pass through the textile in only one direction. The auxiliary rolls may, it desired, be. of relatively small diameter as il lustrated, so that the textile passes adjacent to only a small part of the circumference of the active or pumping rolls. This arrangement of rolls may be particularly desirable where the textile very thin, such as chil t'on which might be torn if it were passed adjacent to too large a portion of a roll operating at a high speed.

Fig, :3 illustrates a machine which is substantially the same asthat shown in Fig.1 except that the center pumping roll 2" is revolved counter clock-wise, that is opposite to the piunping rolls 1 and 3". This machine is designed to change the direction of flow of the fluid through the textile but as the textile travels in the same direction as the portion of the roll adjacent which it passes the retarding effect of the textile is not as great. adjacent to roll 2" in Fig.1, as it is adjacent roll 2 in Fig, 1..

To illustrate the operation oi machines of the type disclosed above, I will. state that cloth has been dyed, washed, soaped and otherwise treated while passing through the machines at the rate of 34 yards per minute with the rolls, which were (3 inches in diameter, revolving at a speed of 1000 revolutimis per minute. The kinetic energy of the fluid stream formed by rolls driven at this speed is enormous and the force with which the fluid is' driven against the textile is sufficient to circulate the fluid through the threads which compose the textile and thus secure the treatment of the individual fibers .with the fluid.

' The rolls may be revolved by any suitable 1 means. Forthe purposes of illustration thev rolls are diagrammatically shown as revolved by gearslS which are meshed with worm gears 18 which in turn are driven by means of shaft S rotated by motor M. The rheostat R is used for controlling the motor and the power is obtained from the line L. Obviously by selecting the gears any roll may be driven faster or slower than any other textile, need be driven and the roll may fluid is violent.

conveniently be rotated by the chain 21 and sprocket 22 thus assuring an even and positive tension on the textile.

It has been found that the revolving rolls both stir thefiuid and cause its Circulation within the container. When the'rolls are operated at a high speed the stirring of'the Obviously this stirrlng and circulation maintains the chemicals, such as the dye, or soaping substances or fillers, very uniformly distributed in the fillidSO that the bath contains no localities where the concentration of' the chemicals is high nor where the concentration is low. It has been found that 1n instances where fresh dye, or other chemicals or substances are introduced at one end of the container to make up 'for thosev absorbed by the textile, they are almost instantly distributed throughout the entire fluid. The fluid withi he container circulates in the direction Qt'volu tion ofthe largest uneovered area of the rolls, provided the rolls are rev lved at the same speed For example, in 1 the fluid-would circulate from right to 1e along the bottom of the container and from left toright along the top of the container be cause the two pumping rolls numbered 1 and 3 have their uncovered ortions moving from right to left at the 'ottom of the container and the single roll numbered 2 has its uncovered Gil portion moving from left to right along the top of the container. Guide r'olls' usually do not operate at a speed which is high enough to affect materially the action of the pumping rolls in circulating the. fluid. InFig. 2, the circulation of the fluid obviously would be from right to left along the bottom of vthe container and from left to right-along the top of the. container for the same reasons as statedabove and in Fig. 3 the circulation would'be of the same directions.

Preferably when the machine is operated for the purpose of dyeing cloth the container is completely filled with the dye liquor.

Such a condition is not absolutely necessary however, as the rolls will pick up a film. of

fluid providing they contact at any point with the fluid.

By the words fluid stream occurring in the specification and claims I mean such a stream as is set up by a body moving I through the fluid at a high rate of speed and not at the usual speeds at which cloth is moved through jigs etc.,in the usual proc-= esses of dyeing or otherwise treating a textile with afluid.

In using the word textile throughout the specification and claims I have had in mind the definition of the word appearing in Websters International Dictionary, namely, that which is, or may be woven. a woven fabric or a material for weaving, because the machine and process are applicable not only to the handlingand treating I of woven, knitted, or braided fabrics, but

, also a series of warps of other suitable yarns Although a particular and preferred form of the invention has been described, it is recognized that modifications may be made and it is distinctly to be'undeistood that the invention is to be construed asibroadly as the limitations in the claims taken in v conjunction with the prior art may allow.

Iclaimt 1. Ina method of dyeing'a' textile with a fluid dye, the step which includes passin the textile adjacent a roll contacting witfi the dye,said roll having such'a movement-..

that there is differential motion between the roll and the textile sufiicient to force fluid against the textile.

the

.2. In a method of treating a' textile with a fluid, the step whichincludes passing the textile adjacent a roll-contacting with the fluid. said roll having a greater peripheral speed than the speed at which the textile is moving and suflicient to force the fluid against the textile.

I 3. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the. step'which includes passin the textile adjacent a ,roll contacting wit the fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of speed that a film of the fluid ,is maintained between the roll and the texfiiei 4. In a method of treating a textile with" a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacenta roll contaetin gwith the fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of speedthat affluid filmy'is maintained on the surface'of the roll and is of "sufiicient thickness to prevent the textile from touching the roll. i v

5. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacent a. roll contacting with the fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of speedithat the fluid is forced through the I textile.

6. In a method of treatinga textile with a fluid the step which includes passing the textile adjacent a roll contacting with the fluid and revolving. the roll at such a rate of speedthat the fluid is forced against the textile, 7 In a method'of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacent a .roll contacting with the fluid and so revolving the' roll with regard to speed and direction of motion relative to the fabric that a fluid film is maintained on the surface of the roll, andthat a poron the surface of the roll; which flhn is of sufficient thickness to prevent the textile from touching the roll, and that a portion of the fluid. is forced through the textile.

,9. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includespassing the textile adjacent a roll contacting with the fluid and revolving the roll at' such a rate of speed that a fluid film is maintained on the surface of the roll which film is of suflicient thickness to prevent the textile from touching the roll, and that a portion of the fluid from the film is'forced through the textile.

1O. Ina method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passin the textile adjacent a roll contacting witii the 15. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which -incldes passing the textile adjacent a plurality of rolls contacting with the fluid, at least one of the rolls revolving in a direction opposite from another and at a speed sufficient to force the fluid through the textile.

16. The method of circulating a fluid through a permeable element which includes providing two elements one of which is permeable to the fluid, moving one of the elements in the fluid with suflicient speed to draw with it by friction sufficient fluid to form a moving stream, and so interposmg the other element in the path of said stream that the fluid is directed against the per-me with it by friction suflicient fluid to form a continuous moving stream tending to hold the elements apart.

18. The method of circulating a fluid through a permeable element which includes fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of providing two adjacent elements one of speed that a fluid .film is maintained between the roll and the textile and a portion of the fluid from the film is continually forced through the textile.

11. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, thestep which includes passing the textile adjacent a. roll contacting with the fluid and moving the surfaceot' the .roll in the direction diflerent from the direction of movement of the textile with suflieient speed to force the fluid against the textile.

12. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacenta roll contacting with the fluid and moving the surface oi the roll in i a direction opposite tothe direction-of movement of the textile and at such a'rate of speed that a film of the fluid is maintained between the roll and the textile.

18. In a method oftreating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacent a plurality ofrollscontacting with the fluid, at least one of the rolls revolving in a direction different from the direction of movement of the textile and at such a speed as to force the fluid against the textile.

14. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, a step which includes passing the textile adjacent a plurality of rolls contacting with the fluid, the surface of at least one of the rolls having a greater speed than the speed at which the textile is moved and suflieient to force the fluid against the textile.

which is permeable to the fluid, and moving one oilhe elements in the fluid with suflicient speed to draw with it by friction suflicient fluid to form a continuous moving stream exerting pressure on the elements.

19. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid comprising a container for the fluid, a roll within the container for contact with the fluid and adjacent. which the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the container and means adapted to so drive the roll that there is such difl'erential movement between the textile and the periphery of said roll as to force the fluid against the textile.

20. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid comprising a container for the fluid, rollswithin the container for contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adapted to v.pass the textile through the container and means adapted to so drive the rolls that there is such difl'ercntial movement between the textile and the periphery of an adjacent roll as to force the fluid against the textile.

21. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid comprising a container for the fluid, a roll within the container for contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the container and means adapted to so drive the roll that the textile and the periphery of the roll move in opposite directions at such s eed as to force the fluid against the texti e;

22. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid comprising a container for the fluid, rolls within the container for contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the machine and means adapted to so drive the rolls that the periphery of at least one roll moves in the direction opposite I -to the direction of movement of i a fluid comprising a container for the fluid, a roll within the container .in contact with the fluid and adjacent. which the /textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the container and means adapted to move the roll at sue a rate of speed that a film of the fluid is maintained betweert th roll and the textile.

25. A machine for treating a textile with afluid comprising a container for the fluid, a roll within the container in contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the container, and means adapted to move the roll at such a rate of speed that a film of the fluid is maintained between the 7 a fluid comprising a container roll and the textile and is of suflicient thick- 3 ness to prevent the textile from touching the roll. a

26. A machine for treating a textile with for thefluid, a roll within the container in contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the container and means adapted to x rolls within the container in contact with passes with-different sides of the textile movethe roll at such a rate of speed the fluid is forced through the textile. o

27. A machinefor treating av textile with a fluid comprising a container for the fluid,

that

the fluid and. adjacent which the textile next the textile through the container, and means adapted to move the rolls in opposite 'directions at suchrates of speed that the fluid is passed through the fabric first in one direc-- tion and then in another.

' 28. .The method of treating a penetr'able element with a fluid which includes providing two elements, one of which is penetrable by the fluid, moving "one of the elements in the fluid with sufiicient speed to draw with it by friction s'uflicient fluid to form a moving stream, ment in.the path of said .streamthat the fluid is directed against the penetrable element. I I

29. The method of treating a penetrable element with a fluid which includes providing two adjacent elements oneof which is penetrable by the elements in the fluid with sufficient s eed to draw with it by friction suflicient uid to form a continuous moving stream exerting pressure on the elements. I

30. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacent to a roll contacting with the fluid, and moving one of and so interposing the other el v the fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of speed that the roll draws with it by friction a sufficient film of fluid to maintain the film betweenjthe textile and the roll throughout the area where the textile is adjacent to the roll. I 31. Ina method of treatin a fluid, the step which includes passing the textile adjacent to a roll contacting with the fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of speed as to create-a fluid substantially parallel to, the surface of the roll to maintain a. film of thefluid between the textile and the roll throughout the area where the textile is adjacent to the roll. 32. In a method "of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passing the [textile adjacent to a roll contacting with the fluid and revolving the roll at such a rate of speed that the roll draws with it by friction afilm of fluid having sufiicient force to penetrate the textile. L 33. In ;a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the step which includes passin the textile adjacent to a roll contacting wit the fluidand revolving the roll at such a rate of speed that the tion a film of fluid having suflicient force to permeate the-textile.

34. In a method o'f treatinga textilewith a fluid, the step which includes passing the. textile adjacent to a roll contacting with the fluid and revolving the roll'at such a rate of speed as to create a stream of fluid substantially parallel to the surface of'the roll and having sufficient force to permeate the textile.

35. A machine for a fluid, including a :fluid container, a roll within the container for contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes,

a textile with suflicient stream of rolldraws with it by frictreating a textile with means adapted to pass the textile through within the container for contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes means adapted to pass the textile through the machine and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate of speed as to create a sufficient stream of fluid substantially parallel to the surface of the roll to maintain a film of fluid between-the textile and the roll throughout the area Where the textile is adjacent to the roll.

37. A-machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, 'a roll for contact Wlilll'lill, fluid and adjacentwhich the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the machine and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a. rate of s eed that the roll draws with it by friction a film of fluid having suiiicient'force to penetrate the textile.

38. A machine for treating a textile .With

a fluid, including a fluid container, a roll for contact With the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adapted to pass the textile through the container, and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate of speed that the roll draws with it by friction a film {if-fluid having sufticient force to permeate the textile.

39. A machine for treating a. textile With a fluid including a fluid container a roll for contact with the fluid and adjacent which the textile passes, means adaptedto pass the textile through the machine and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate of speed as to create a stream of fluid substantially parallel to the surface of the rell and having sufficient force to permeate the textile. y

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of December 1925. t'

- WALLACE PATTENCOHOE.

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