US1593652A - Photographic positive material - Google Patents

Description

@Fufiy 27 a 1926a M- DONAUER PHOTOGRAPHIG POSITIVE MATERIAL Wilma], Filed Oct. 20, 192

MAR DUNAUER INVENTOR.

Hns' ATTORNEYS Patented July 27, 1926r- UNITED STATES PATENT ori-lce.

m DONAUER, ELYBIA, O HIO, ASSIG-NOR OF FORTY PER CENT '10 IRAN! I.

SLOUGH, F ELYRIA, OHIO.

PHOTOGRAPHIC POSITIVE MATERIAL.

Application filed October 20, 1822, Serial- No. 595,856. Renewed Kay 28, i926.

My invention relates to photo aphic positive materials, and more particu arly to photographic sheet materials which are ada ted to be sensitized, and upon which a 6 shadow is cast b' exposure to the light which is genera ly projected through a transparent drawing, tracing, negative plate, film or other photographic negative material, and forms a print of whatever is 10 desired to be printed, and which print may be thereafter fully develo d by immersing the same in a suitable su sequent developing bath.

An object of the present invention is 16 to produce a photographic-print material which presents a very beautiful surface and upon which photographic prints may be made which will exhibit a picture having greater so-called depth or roundness, and

20 giving more of a three-dimensional atmosphere effect upon the eye.

Another ob ect of my invention is to produce a photographic material which does not substantially alter its dimensions after being sensitized, or during the sensitizing thereof, or during the subsequent bathing or development of the print, thereby pre serving the correct scale or dimension of the drawing or object produced thereon.

Another object of my invention is to r0- duce a photographic print material w ich will lie fiat, and which will not draw together irregularly as soon as moistened thereby causing a tendency for the emulsion applied to the material to run from the high spots down into the valleys, thereby producing a print material which will be irregular in photographic results.

Another pb'ect of my invention is to produce a hotographic-print material comprising 0 0th backed by a material such as paper, whereby the .above and other useful results not heretofore attained may be secured.

silk or other fabric material, being 'acked by a material such as paper ,which may be light in color and which will improve the detail of the picture produced on the print material considerably because of its ability to reflect light through the portions of the Another objectof my invention is to pro- "is this roundness or three duce a photographic material com rising picture contained in the libers of the silk or particularly such porinvention is to provide a photographic-print material which does not partake of permanent set or have a tendency to roll up when opened out after having been kept rolled for sometime. 7 Another object of my invention is to evolve a process whereby photo raphicprint material comprising a la er 0% silk or other cloth material and a bee ng layer of paper or equivalent material for the Yurpose, may be produced, and which will sure the qualities above mentioned, and which are desirable in photographic-print material.

The appeal of photographic portraits may vary greatly dependi somewhat on the style of the picture and older but actually depending mainly on the details of the portrait itself. Such things as the position, the lighting arrangements producing hi hlights, etc., are of course important, but these depend 'on the techni ue of the photographer. The picture shou d have good detail. That is, no area of the face or person should be an even black or an even white, but should have variations showing allthe differences incontour. A good clear negative is required, but most negatives have good detail. It is then a matter of the paper, the character of the emulsion used, the nature of the surface whet-her dull or shiny, and how it reflects light. A good portrait possesses a certain roundness, that isthe figure stands out as a three dimensional object instead of bein fiat. Detail in the paper assists this roun ness materially in that a paper which line is necessarily flat.

.-A negative usually possesses good roundness or a lantern slide made therefrom does because it is viewed by transmitted light ,and there is an opportunity for depth. It dimensional atr mos'phere produced by transmitted light which makes the actors appear so lifelike in moving pictures. A painted portrait also produces only outpresents more of a lifelike atmosphere than I Efforts to procure better hotographic positives have been directed a ong various lines such as the following.

The silver emulsions have been improved so as to permit better detail. As far as the usual paper coating are concerned, efforts along this line have probably reached the limits.

Bu-fl colored and other light colored papers have been used to produce softer effects.

The surface of the paper has been given a soft dull finish, a linen-like finish, ora rough dull'fi'nish.

Fine linen cloth has been coated with a sizing to fill the pores and then coated with emulsion. This linen product is no longer on the market owing to the great tendency for the picture to curl up due to the sizing and emulsion being on one side and also because irregularities caused black spots to appear frequently on development.

A recent innovation has been to make miniature lantern slide positives from portrait negatives. These are painted on the back with gold leaf and then covered with paper so as give the appearance of a framed picture. The detail and lifelike appearance of these ictures is very good.

There is on the market a so-called J apanese tissue print. This consists of a fine silk coated with emulsion. The picture is printed on the silk. Later the back of the silk is painted with gold leaf or the silk without the goldv leaf is mounted on a stiff backing.

One manufacturer is putting out pillow tops coated with an emulsion for picture printing but in this case the emulsion is such that only outline photographs are pro duced.

different from any of the above.

' The material of the present inventign is t is made in a different way, but more important than this, the results made possible are quite difi'erent from those heretofore obtnined.

My improved material is made as follows:

A fabric material such as china silk cloth is glued over a suitable paper backing, using the same grade of gelatine for the adhesive as is used in making the photographic emulsion. Only a very little of a dilute solution of gelatine is used so that the fibre does not become soaked up with gelatine. The cloth and paper are passed through rolls such that every portion of the cloth is glued in place. This cloth covered paper is then coated with a sensitized photographic emulsion in the regular way, namely; by passing it under a roll dipping into the emulsion. In so doing the emulsion saturates the fibre and also sinks down in to the surface of the paper. Any type of cloth or similar material can be used. The paper backing can paper is a simple problem whereas the'coating of silk alone and getting a uniform coating is exceedingly difficult. The combination can be coated by being run under a roll dipping into the emulsion, then over chilling rolls and then dried in the usual way. With silk alone, the emulsion soaks right through and the rolls cause irregularities in, coating.

Referring now to the drawing accompanying this specificaton and forming a part thereof- Fig. 1 illustrates diagrammatically the process involved in the production of the photograhic-print material of my invention, the apparatus involved in such production being indicated in vertical section.

Fig. 2 shows a view in perspective of a portion of a sheet of the photographic-print material of my invention, and as may be produced as shown in Fig. 1.

Referring now to the drawings, in Fig. 1 at 2 is shown a roll of paper 2 and at 4 is shown a roll of fabric such as china silk, which material I find to be well adapted for the purpose of my invention, the silk being shown as passing from the roll at 5. At 6 and 7 areshown containers which contain a dilute solution of gelatine, rolls 8 and 9 for the container 6 and respectively adapted to dip into the solution, the paper 3 and paper 5 being adapted to pass around the rolls 8 and 9 respectively, and to emerge therefrom at 10 and 11.

Rolls 12, 13, 14 and 15 are provided in the subsequent path of. the paper 10 and the 10th 11 after passing out of the containers 6 and 7 respectively, the paper 10 and the cloth 11 entering between rolls 12 and 14 as shown at 16 being pressed closely together at this point so that. every portion of the cloth is glued in place uniformly, being held uniformly in contact by the adhesive quality of the gelatine solution. The papercloth print material 18 united by the geiatine is then preferably passed through other rolls 13 and 15 to improve the uniformity of adherence between'the paper and the cloth after which the cloth-paper print material 18 passes through a bath 19 which comprises a photographic emulsion, the gelatine used in the photographic emulsion being preferably of the same grade of gelatine as the adhesive used in gluing the paper 10 and the cloth 11 together as before described.

The bath 19 is contained in a vessel 20 having a roll 21 dipping therein around which roll 21 the cloth-paper print material 18 passes, preferably in such a way that the cloth side 22 of the material only is exposed to the direct contact ith the emulsion contained in the vessel 20.

The photographic cloth-paper materlal 18 is then dried at 23 prior to being rolled on a roll shown at 24, and then packaged ready for use.

In Fig. 2 the resultant product is illustrated in perspective, a portion of a sheet being shown lying fiat as when ready to be exposed to make a photographic print, the top side 22 being the cloth s1de of the material, and the bottom side 25being the paper side of the material. It will be noted that the cloth side of the material 22 is the side which is exposed to and coated with the photo raphic emulsion.

I have ound that in coating the cloth 5 with the gelatine, only a very little of a dilute solution of gelatine should be used so that the fibre does not become soaked u with gelatine; also that the paper 3 need not be coated with gelatine as before described in connection with its immersion in the gelatine bath of the vessel 6 as the elatine coating on the cloth 5 as a result 0 being passed through the gelatine solution of the vessel 7 is suflicient for the purpose of gluing together the cloth and the paper when pressed between the rolls such as 12 and 14.

Any type of cloth or similar material can be used, and the backing material,'preferabl 1 of paper, can be white or gold, or any suita le color. I have found that light colored paper is preferable as a backing, and that the color of the backing can be ly as an example.

I have found that the coating of silk with the photographic emulsion is a simple problem when the silk is backed with paper as hereirr described, whereas the coating of silk alone and getting a uniform coating is exceedingly difiicult. The combination can be coated by bein run under a roll dri ping into the emu sionand then over chi ling rolls and dried in the usual way. With silk alone the emulsion soaks right through and the rolls cause irregularities in coating.

Whether this is the cause of the spots in sized linen previously described is rather hard to say. Their appearance seems to me to, indicate that some of the heavier threads were not thoroughly covered with the sizing and the emulsion soaked down into the thread, whereas for the most part, the emulsion was on top of the size.

The combination of fabric, such as silk, and paper has many advanta es. The freshly coated product lies per ectly flat. It doesnot draw together irregularly as soon as moistened causing a tendency for the emulsion to run from the high spots down into thevalleys, as is the case with cloth alone. Thereis no irregular stretching causing the strands of fibre to run in crooked lines across the print. With-cloth, especially a thin silk, after printing and developing the picture, there-is a possibility for the features to become distorted because the cloth was stretched or placed irregularly while drying. All these things are entirely avoided using silk-print paper.

The manipulating of the silk covered paper is much simpler than other cloth rints. No special developing or printing acilities are required. It can be dried the same as ordinary photo paper, and has practically no tendency to curl, whereas there is a very marked tendency with most coated cloth products. The mounting of the finished picture is a very simple problem.

The combination of silk and paper presents a new means of obtaining a photographic print with more detail, and greater roundnessor three dimensional atmosphere than is possible with present photographic papers.

I find also that putting a white background closely under the silk im roves the detail of the picture considerab y because it reflects light back through the less dense areas. Cloth, and especially silk is quite transparent and is subject to much greater light penetration than paper. The quality of a picture made on the silk depends largely on how the backing reflects the light back through the silk. Also silk or cloth being made up of interwoven strands it consists of a net work of open areas. If silk were coated, the picture printed and then mounted or painted with gold leaf on the back, these open areas would be void of detail. Coating the cloth with a filler to fill up these pores destroys the best qualities of the cloth surface. Also the penetration of the fibre by light is prevented. In the silk-print paper of my invention, the backing which reflects the light is in the nature of a picture on aper behind the silk picture, the former t us emphasizin all the minute variations in detail whic the negative has recorded.

By covering paper with silk or other cloth and then sensitizing the combination, it has thus been made possible to obtain greater detailsand more roundness in a photograph.

The light coining through the silk film prepicture on the combination material therefore has greater depth and more of a three dimensional atmosphere than is possible with the picture printed on the ordinary paper surface. In the ordinary photographic paper, the emulsion is exceedingly thin and consists of a layer on top of the paper surface.

A picture on paper under the picture on silk also means that the myriad of open areas between 'the interwoven strands of the cloth are not void of detail,.but the variations are all clearly recorded by the sensitized paper underneath. This is not possible if the silk picture is first made and then backed. In either case the silk surface which is considered so very desirable is obtained.

The idea of coating a combination of silk and paper permits many interesting possibilities. The silk can be backed with paper of various light colors and tinted pictures harmonizing with the atmosphere of the setting can obtained. A paper covered with gold leaf 'Would also be possible.

Having thus described my invention in a specific embodiment, and employing specific materials, I am aware that my invention ma be embodied in photographic-print materia employing different materials, but which are the equivalent for the purpose, and that although I have described a specific arrangement of bath rolls, and the like for producing the photographic-print material of my invention, I am aware that many variations may be made in such an arrangement without departing from the novel method herein set forth and claimed, it being understood that the method of producing the paper maybe varied and the materials entering .into the paper varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim z- 1. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of cloth and paper 'and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth and penetrating the same, portions of the emulsion coating the surface of the paper next the cloth.

2. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of cloth and paper and an emulsion applied to the cloth side of the material.

- 3. A photographic-print material comprisin a layer of cloth and a backing layer of light reflecting material, said cloth adhering closely to a surface of the light refleeting material and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth.

4. A photographic-print material comprising a layer of cloth and a backing layer of light reflecting material, said cloth adhering closely to a surface of the light refleeting material and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth, said photographicmaterial penetrating the fibers of the cloth and coating the surface of the said light reflecting material,

5. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of cloth and paper and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth and penetrating the same, portions of the emulsion coating the surface of the paper next the cloth, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layer of cloth and said paper being glued together by gelatine of substantially the same grade as employed in the photographic emulsion.

6. A- photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of cloth and paper and an emulsion applied to th cloth side of the material, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layer of cloth and said paper being glued together by gelatine of substantially the same grade as employed in the photggraphic emulsion.

7. photographic-print material comprising a la er of cloth and a backing layer of light re ecting material, said cloth adhering closely to a surface of the light reflecting material and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layer of cloth and said paper being glued together by gelatine of substantially the same rade as employed in the photographic emu sion.

8. A photographic-print material comprising a layer of cloth and a backing layer of light reflecting material, said cloth adhering closely to a surface of the light reflecting material and a photographic emultion applied to the cloth, said photo raphicmaterial penetrating the fibres of t e cloth and coating the surface of the said light reflecting material, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layer of cloth and said paper being glued together .by gelatine of substantially the same rade as employed in the photographic emu sion.

9. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of silk and paper and a photographic emulsion applied to the silk and penetrating the same, portions of the emulsion coating the surface of the paper next the silk.

10. A photogra hie-print material comprising superpose layers of silk and paper and an emulsion applied to the silk side of the material.

11. A photographic-print material comprising a layer of silk and a backing layer of light reflecting material, said silk adhering closely to the surface of the light reflecting material and a photographic emulsion applied to the silk. I

12. A photographic-print material comcoating the surface of the light reflecting prising a layer of", silk and a backing layer matenal. of light reflecting material, said silk adher- In witness whereof, I have hereunto l0 ing closely to a surface of the light reflectsigned my name this 16th day of October, 6 :ing material and a photographic emulsion 1922.

applied to the silk, said photo aphio-materml penetrating the fibers of t e silk and MAX DONAUER.

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