US1585201A - Fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

May 18 ,1926. 1,585,201

- T. A. NISSINENY I FUEL BURNER Filed March 2'7. 1923 A TTORNEYS.

Patented May 18, 1926.

l UNITED STATES TOIMI A. NISSINEN, OF EASTINGS -ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK.

FUEL BURNER.

Application filed March 27, 1923. Serial No. 628,014.

This invention relates to liquid fuel burners and has for an object to providean improved burner which will burn any kind or grade of liquid fuel without carbon deposits; with which combustion w1ll be largely or entirely complete before the gases are discharged; with which all parts of the combustion chamber or passage are readily accessible; which will successfully bu'rn various grades and quantities of fuel efficiently; and which is exceptionally simple, durable, compact, and inexpensive. Other ob1ects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention, and thenovel features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in claims.

In the accompanyingdrawing:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a burner constructed in time;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same;

Fig. 3 is a plan of one of the sections of the same; and 0 Fig. 4 is an elevation partly 1n section of an ordinary coal burning boiler in which the improved burner has been installed.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invent-ion the burner comprises a hollow body of suitable refractory material, preferably I built up of three component sections 1, 2 and 3, the sections interlocking with one another along their abutting edges by a flange and a groove. The body is provided with partitions 4 and 5 which divide its interior into 7 a long, continuous, tortuous, enclosed.- passage or conduit. The passage or conduit opens from the lower face asat A which constitutes the entrance opening, continues upwardly between the partition 4 and the outer side wall, then curves laterally across the top,-

then downwardly to within a short distance from the lower end of the body. The partition 5 extends between the vertical stretches of the conduit so as to divide the space between these vertical stretches into two additional vertical stretches of the conduit which doubles back upon. itself to the. upper end,

. jl-aterally across the bottom and upwardly bet we en theother side edge and an exten-;

5011 of the partition 5 to an opening B at.-

the, top, which constitutes the exit or discharge p ning for the burned-gases 1 accordance with the inven-' A fuel supply nozzle 7 asses through the uppermost section of the body at the upper end, so as to deposit liquid fuel upon the lateral stretch of the partition 4 where the first section of the conduit travels laterally at the upper end of the burner body. The

fuel is conducted from a suitable storage tank througha pipe 8 to the nozzle 7, the flow being controlledby a suitable valve 9 located at a convenient point in the pi e 8.

The uppermost section 3 of the b0 y is provided with an opening 10 just below the fuel nozzle 7 and this opening is normally closed by ,a suitable closurell which is removable to permit of the insertion into the conduit of combustible material, such as waste which has been saturated with a combustible liquid.

In Figure 4 the burner is shown as installed in an ordinary coalburning boiler,

the'burner being supported upon the grate 12, with the portion of the grate surrounda ing it closed by refractory material 13. The closure 11 is disposed on the edge toward the door 14 of the boiler, and the fuel supply When a burner is to be started, the closure 11 is removed and a quantity of suitable combustible material, such as oil saturated waste, mdicat'ed by the reference 17 in Figure 4, is inserted intd the tortuous passage just 'below, the fuel nozzle 7. This waste is ignited, after which the closure 11 is re placed so as to close the aperture 10. The natural draught of the chimney to which the flue 18 of the boiler is connected, serves to draw the air through the ash-pit door as controlled by the damper 15 into the ash pit, then upwardly into the bod of the burner through the entrance-end o the passage cap A. through the passage and supports combustion of the burning waste 17 and then-past the fuel nozzle 7.

e 's'tr tc 9f hepar ion.swe ls-and is or other liquid The air passes u w y The. liquid. fu l. fi s-admitt d hro gh the a .p p 8 o he n z e ,.r nd .d epsrpenithe' gni ed y heifl mes nd vheat from thehuming was e Th -gii s sfrbm the burning. oii- .eli pesszthrougha the tor-.-

-. time passage downward y" for some distance and then doubles back in a reverse direction along the partition wall which separates it from the previous stretches of the passage. These gases pass in proximity to the entrance stretch of the passage, being separated therefrom only by the partition 4, and the heat from the burning gases is transmitted through the partition to the incoming air so that the air will be'prcheated to a considerable extent before it reaches the vaporized fuel. The gases then are conducted to the opposite side of the burner body and discharged through the upper end thereof.

The gases leaving the burner body enter the combustion chamber of the boiler, heat the same to a temperature sufiicient to vaporize the water in the boiler, and then pass out through the flue 18 to the chimney. It will thus be observed that the entering air is preheated, and that the liquid fuel is deposited upon a heated surface in the presence of a body of preheated air, with the result that practically complete and instant vaporization of the fuel takes place, and consequently practically no carbon will be formed within the passage. However, by separating the sections of the burner body, all parts of the conduit may be inspected or cleaned.

The burning gases are conducted for some distance through the body before passing along the wall upon which the liquid fuel is deposited or along the passage through which the entering air is conducted, because the burning gases must be conducted for some distance before combustion is well under way. Then when the burning gases are conducted along the partition 4 so as to vaporize the fuel and preheat the incoming air, there will be sufiicient heat in the burning gases to effectively vaporize the fuel and heat the air to the necessary or desired temperature. With the preheated air and the almost instant vaporization of the fuel, the

' highest possible efiicienty of combustion of the fuel is obtained without carbon deposits, and very heavy grades of fuel may be burned 'with excellent results.

It will be obvious that with this arrangement the use of blowers, fans or other appliances for producing the necessary draught are unnecessary, the draught of the chimney being relied upon to draw the air through the tortuous passage. The length of the tortuous passage is made of such that the combustion of the fuel is p c y mp tebefore the gases are discharged into the combustion chamber of the boiler, and consequently the gases exert their maximum possible heating effect upon the boiler before passing out through the fines. This also greatly increases the eliicicncy of the burner.

.It will be obvious that various changes in the details, materials, and arrangement of parts herein described and illustrated for the purpose of explaining the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A liquid fuel burner comprising a hollow body of refractory material partitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuouspassage with an air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exit opening in another wall, the passage extending from the air entrance opening upwardly to the top end, then downwardly to within a short distance of the bottom end, then back between and along the first two stretches in a reverse direction until it reaches the bottom wall, and then to the exit opening, and means for delivering fuel to the interior of the passage at the upper end of the first stretch, the movement of the burning gases along the doubled back section serving to heat the sections where the fuel and air enter and are mixed.

2. A liquid fuel burner comprising a hollow body of refractory material partitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuous passage with an air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exit opening in another wall, the passage extending from the air entrance opening upwardly to the top end, then downwardly to within a short distance of the bottom end, then back between and along the first two stretches in a reverse direction until it reaches the bottom wall, and then to the exit opening, and means for delivering fuel to the interior of the passage at the upper end of the first stretch, the movement of the burning gases along the doubled back section serving to heat the sections where the fuel and air enter and are mixed, said body having av removable wall section providing communication with the first upward stretch of the passage for the initial ignition of the fuel.

3. A liquid. fuel b'i'rner comprising a hollow body of refractory material partitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuous passage with an air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exit opening in another wall, the passage extending from the air entrance opening upwardly to a point adjacent the top end, then laterally a short distance, then downwardly for some distance, then backwardly in a reverse direction between the vertically extending I low body of refractory material partitionedof the sai to provide a continuous relatively long tortuous passage with an air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exit opening 1n another wall, the passage extending from the air entrance openin upwardly to a point adjacent the top end, t on laterally a short distance, then downwardly for some distanoe, then backwardly in a reversedirection between the vertically extending stretches. and alon with onl -a divid ng; Wall between them,

then to t e exit opening, and means for de-- livering liguid fuel upon the bottom wall lateral stretch where it mixes of the sai with air enterin thepassa e from the bottom opening an burns, sai body having a removable wall'section providing communication with the passage at-approximately the junction between the first upward wall between them,.

the preceding sections stretch and the lateral stretch for the initial ignition of the fuel.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising a hollow body of refractory material partitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuous passage with an air entrance opening in the bottom .wall and an exit opening in another wall, the passage extending from the air. entrance opening upwardly to a point adjacent the top end; then laterally a short t'ance, then backwardly in" a reverse direction between the vertically stretches, and along then to the exit opening, and means for do livering liquid fuel upon the bottom wall of the said lateral stretch where it mixes with air entering the passage from the botextending the precedingseotions H with only a divid ng wall between ,them,.

I distance, then downwardly {or some dis-i tom opening and burns, said body being composed of superposed separable elements whereby when the elements are separated,' all parts of the passage will be readily accessible.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my signature.

TOIMI A. NISSINEN.

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