US1584452A - Method and apparatus for burning fuels - Google Patents

Description

May 11 1926.

6:5. HAZARD METHOD AND APPARATUS ,FOR BURNING FUELS Filed April 16,- 1924 I z-s'neets-shea c 1 Patented May 11, 1926.

UNETED STATES an saiasz N T '5 Fl C E GEORGE EDGAR HAZARD, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGITOR T KELLOGG MANU- FAGTURING 00., OF ROCHESTER, NEW YQIRIK.

METHOD AND APPARATU$ FOR BURNING- FUELS.

Application filed April 16, 1924. Serial 1%. 706,913.

My invention relates to improvements in method and apparatus for burning fuels, and the invention pertains to means for mu;- ing and atomizing the oil or fuel and forcing it through the burner pipe where it is lighted.

The primary object of my present invention is to produce an apparatus for carrying out my method in a simple and effective manner for producing a burner for any kind of fuel, for boilers for steam, hot water or hot air plants of all kinds. By actual trial I have found the method and apparatus exceedingly efficient for that purpost and'it is capable of being used for hot air, steam, or hot water plants of all kinds with economy and efiicieney of operation,

Another object of my present unprovement comprises a chamber into which the oil or any kind of fuel is fed, said chamber provided with means for breaking up the oil into a fog, or for mixing the gas with air and then forcing the fog or gas through a small outlet controlled by a valve to a pipe at the outer end of which the fuel is lighted.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a chamber containing oil or gas and means within the chamber for atomizing the oil into a fog or mixing gas with air which is drawn into a compression chamber from which the fuel is forced un der pressure forming a very fine atomization ofoil or mixture of gas and air which is fed to a pipe or special jet, the outer end of the pipe forming a burner.

A further object ofmy invention is to provide an apparatus comprising a chamher in which a crank-arm and connecting lever are dipped into the oil causing an at omization of the oil into fog, the connecting rod operating a valved piston whereby the atomized oil is compressed in the cylinder above the piston through an outlet opening controlled by a valve, whereby the atomized oil is substantially formed into a vapor which is fed into a pipe and burns at the outer end of the pipe.

A further object of my present invention is the production of a pump having acrank chamber in (which the level of the oil is maintained, a cylinder above the crank case carrying a valved piston, the outer end of the cylinder having a valve whereby the mechanism serves to form a vacuum in the said chamber for drawing in oiland air,

the said cylinder acting as a compression chamber for forcing the oil through the cyl-- inder valve and vaporizing it where it enters a pipe and burns at the outlet end of the said pipe.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1. is a side elevation of an apparatus adapted to carry out my method.

F 1g. 2 is a sectional view of the comb ned vacuum and compression chamber and its operating parts.

Fig. 3 is a detached perspective view'of the plug and valve controlling the outlet in the outer end of the compression cylinder,

Figure 1- is an enlarged sectional view of the valve carried by the piston.

Referring now to the drawings, the wall 1 of the combined oll atomizing and vacuum chamber, rests upon a suitable base 2, which in turn rests upon an elongated support 3 A revolving crank shaft 4 has a bearing 3 projecting from one side of the wall 1, the inner end of the crank shaft having a su table crank arm 6, having a laterally projecting pin 7 to which the lowerend 8 of a connecting rod 9 is journaled. Extending upward from the wall 1 is a cylinder 10,

the said cylinder having one end 11 of a pipe 12 connected therewith. This end 1.1 of the pipe 12 may be connected in any suitable manner with the end of the cylinder 10. but as here shown, it is by means of suitable screw-threads 13. This cylinder has at its outer end an opening 14, which is controlled by a flat valve 15, the said valve having marginal recesses 16. An externally screw-threaded plug 17 is provided with a depending valve seat 18, which controls the amount of movement of the valve 15. The said valve 18 has one or more openings 20, so that when the valve moves up the compressed material in the cylinder 10 passes through the peripheral passages 16 and the openings 20 into the part 11 of the pipe 12.

Located within the cylinder 10 is a hollow piston 21, to which the upper end 22 ofthe,

connecting rod 9 is journaled by a suitable pin 23. The upper end of this piston 21 has a flat valve 22, which is constructed like the valve 15 and acts in substantially the same way. a seat a and a washer b above it, the washer acting substantially the same as the valve 15. This valve 22 is adapted to close the opening The valve .22 is located between a in the end of the piston when the piston rises to compress the mixture in the cylinder, and when the piston descends the said valve is limited in its upward movement by a ring I). The valve 22' is constructed substantially the same as he valve and operates in the manner that the valve does.

A combined air and oil pipe 23 is con nected with the chamber 1, preferably at a point Substantially below the bearing 5, for the shaft 1. The outer end oi" this combined air and oil pipe is provided with a means for admitting air. The construction here shown is an ordinary valve cock 2i, which passes through a housing 25 and has at its lower end a suitable spring 26. This valve 2% has a transverse opening 27, which is adapted to register with an air inlet opening 2?. By turning the handle 28 of this air valve the amount of air ted to the apparatus is regulated,

An oil inlet pipe 29 has its upper end open and communicating with the inside ot the pipe 23, while its lower end will be connected with an oil supply reservoir, not shown.

A suitable burner head l l is connected with the outer end oi" the oil or gas pipe 12 and projects from the outer end of the pipe 12 and a pilot 31 islooated beyond the burner head 30 for lighting the escaping vaporizeifl oil. This pipe 12 has its inner end connected into an opening 20. in the construction here shown, this pilot 31 extends through the pipe 12 and carries at its outer end a valve 32 by means of which it is controlled, a suitable gas pipe 35 being connected with the said valve 32.

At the outer end of the Shaft -l is a belt wheel 31-, and located on the support 3 is an electric motor 35. A belt passes around the said wheel 3%, and a small beltwheel 3? on the said motor. A suitable electric switch 38 and an electric connection 39 supplies the electric currnt for operating the motor 35.

The operation of the apparatus is as tollows:

The chamber 1 has its lower portion pro vided with an oil reservoir 40, which is pret erably lnilllltflllhl at about the pointshown. The electric motor serves to rotate the shaft t quite rapidly and as the shaft rotates, the lower end oi the connecting rod 9 and the crank arm dip into the oil, which breaks it up into a heavy tog 41. As the piston moves up, its alve 22 is closed, which causes a vacuum in the closed chamber, and this vacuum serves to Suck air through the air-inlet 2?, and the vacuum also serves to draw up the oil through the pipe 29 and deposit it inthe chamber 1. It will thus be seen that the chamber 1 is a combined vacuum and atomized oil chamber. As the piston moves down, the combined oil and atolflize'd oil flows through the piston opening valve 22 into the chamber 4-3 of the said cylinder. As the piston moves down, the valve 15 closes that the cylinder becomes a vacuum cylinder, and it serves as a compression chamher for the atomized liquid as it moves up. From the it'orcgoing it will be observed that as the piston moves down in the cylinder 42, a vacuum is formed in the chamber 41, which serves to draw the oil and air therein, and as the piston moves up, the chan'iber 4-1 becomes a vacuum for drawing the oil and air into the said chan'iber. l hile the piston is moving up the fuel is under compression above it, and it is forced by the open valve 15, serving to still further atomize the liquid into a vapor, and it is thus fed to the pipe 12, and as it flows from the outer end of the pipe it is lighted by the pilot The oil. level in the chamber 1 is controlled by the fact that when the oil rises to a sull'icieut. height to close the end of the pipe 26, it will be substantially cut oil the supply of oil. It will be understood that the outlet oil the oil pipe 21 is of such a size as to supply the necessary quantity of oil to be burned at the outer end of the pipe 12, but in the event that the speed of the ap paratus should be changed to cause an increased amount of oil to be fed into the chamber, it would be cut otl when it reaches a suliicient high level to close the oil outlet of the pipe 29.

I find that the method descrioed is a cheap and reflective manner of producing a burner, and by actual tests, I [ind that the flame produced is so large and so hot as to be su ient for an ordina y heating apparatus for certain oliice buildings. A plurality ot' burners, of course, is controlled by the capacity of the ap iaratus, which would be changed to meet the requirements.

The tube 12 has its outer end closed by a plate 4-3, from which extends a burner 14. The fuel is in the tube 12, under pressure, and is forced to the burner -14, being still further vaporized where it is lighted by the. pilot 31.

I desire it to be understood that ordinarily the pipe 12 will be closed in an ordinary heating chamber, not shown, of an appara tus wherebythe said tube 12 will be kept hot in addition to being heated by conduction from the burner 1 1.

The oil and air pipe 23 may extend either parallel to the pipe 12, as shown in Fig. 1, or at right angles tothe pipe 12, as shown in 2. I desire it also to be understood that the said pipe 12 may extend in any desired direction from the cylinder 10.

'Natu'ral and manufactured gas can have air mixed with it, by my apparat-usfaud forced thereby to the burner 44, p

The" method and apparatus herein described is especially intended for the atomization and vaporization of the heavier character of oils, with which I find it is ad mirably adapted to perform its functions efficiently.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1-- 1. The method of atomizing and converting oil into vapor and burning the same, which consists in maintaining a body of oil, beating said body of oil to at-omize it and mixing air therewith in the presence of said body of oil, feeding the mixed air and atomized oil to a compression chamber where the same is converted into a vapor by being compressed, and then finally feed ing the mixture to a burner and burning the same.

2. The method of atomizing and vaporizing oil, which consists in maintaining a body of oil at one side of a piston, beating said body of oil to atomize it in the presence of the maintained bod; of oil, feeding air to the atomized oil in the presence of said body of oil, feeding the mixed atomized oil and air to a compression chamher at the opposite side of said piston where it is compressed, vaporized and fed to a burner for burning the same. I

3. The method of atomizing and vaporizing oil to be burned, which consists in maintaining a body of oil and simultaneously atomizing the oil and mixing air with the atomized oil in the presence of the body of oil, then converting the atomized oil to vapor by subjecting it to alternate compression and partial vacuum, and feeding said mixture to a burner and burning the same.

a. The method of atomizing and vaporizing oil to be burned, which consists in maintaining a body of oil, simultaneously atomizing said oil and mixing air with said atomized oil in the presence of the body of oil, then removing the atomized oil and air to another chamber where it is subjected to alternate compression and partial vacuum to convert the same into a mixed air and vapor, and feeding saidmixture to a burner where it is burned.

5, An apparatus for burning oil, comprising a closed chamber having an oil inlet opening and adapted to contain a body of oil therein, a crank shaft in the said chamber beating the surface of the oil into atomization, a cylinder extending from the said chamber, a piston in the said cylinder, a connecting rod connecting the crank to the piston, the piston having a valve, the end of the cylinder having a valved exit opening, and a pipe having its inner end connected with the cylinder and closing the said exit opening, the pipe carrying a burner, and means for rotating the crank shaft.

6. An apparatus for converting oil into a gaseous form to be burned, comprising a crank case having an air and oil inlet and the crank case containing a body of oil, a crank arm adapted to dip into the oil, a cylinder having its lower end open and com municating with the crank chamber, a valved piston in the said cylinder operatively connected with the crank by a pitman, the opposite end of the cylinder having a valved opening and a burner in communication with the valved opening, Where by the maintained body of oil is atomized by the crank arm in the presence of air and fed into the cylinder above and from the cylinder under compression tothe burner where it is lighted.

7 An apparatus for converting oil into a gaseous form to be burned, comprising a closed crank chamber, a crank shaft in the said crank chamber, a cylinder with its open lower end in communication with the crank chamber, a valved piston in the cylinder, a pitman connecting the piston and the crank shaft, said crank chamber having an oil and air inlet, means for maintaining a body of oil at a substantially fixed point to cause the pitman to dip in the oil, the opposite end of the cylinder having a valved exit opening, and a burner tube communicating with the said exit opening, whereby the oil is reduced substantially to a vapor in the crank chamber and mixes with the air which is fed to the cylinder compressed and fed under compression to the said burner where it is lighted.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

GEORGE EDGAR HAZARD.

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