US1519719A - Dephlegmator - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 16. 1924. 1,519,719

. C. BRANDQN DEPHLEGMATOR Filed July 19, 1922 epamlzr Patented'De'c. 16,

' UNITED STATES 1,519,719 PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID CHARLES BRANDON, OF BALIKPAIPAN, BOBNEO, DUTCH EAST INDIES.

DEPHLEGMATOB.

Application filed July 19, 1922. Serial No. 570,103.

straight run gasoline from crude oils con-..

taining water. The production of straight run gasoline decreases in proportion to the increase of the water content of the crude oil to be treated, and the products requiring redistillation increase quickly, which causes the capacity of the manufacture to be diminished, for the stills which could be used for other purposes have now to serve as redistillate stills. Obviously the fuel consumption Will also increase, while also the large stock of gasoline requiring redlstillation will constitute a great danger to the refinery.

The dephlegmator according to this invention possesses the .following advantages over similar apparatus already known.

1. All the parts subjected to incrustatlon .or breakageare easily accessible without (i18 mantling the apparatus.

2. The composition of the distillates produced can for each compartment of the ap-. paratus be regulated exactly and very simply by means of steam and watertaps arranged on the apparatus.

The dephlegmator according to my invention comprises a vertical column provided with two or more superimposed horizontal cooling compartments separated by vapor chambers adapted to be heated, the said cooling compartments preferably consistlng of groups of pipes closed at their outer ends by removable covers or headers extending from the column. These headers or covers are provided with inlet and outlet conduits for the cooling liquid and the vapor chambers between the cooling compartments are provided with baflle plates through or around which the vapors can pass in their upward travel. In a preferred embodiment the ballleplatesare provided with tube shaped vapor outlets, the openings being above the outletsfor the condensates formed in'the va or chambers.

giy invention will be more readily understood if reference is made to the accompany,- ing drawin which illustrate an embodiment thereo In the drawings, wherein similar reference numbers indicate identical parts, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the dephlegmator while Fig. 2 is a vertical section along the line II-II of Fig. 1.

The apparatus comprises a vertical column divided into superimposed chambers a, b, c, d

and 6, Of these, the chambera consists of a horizontal coohng compartment 1, which crossesthe part 2,3 of the vertical column.

The cooling compartment 1 is formed by cooling pipes mounted in the perforated plpe-plates 4; and 5. These pipe plates are covered by the removable arched covers 6 and 7 which extend from the column. In the cover 6, which is provided with ahorizontal bafiie plate, two openings 8 and 9 are provided which serve for the inlet and the outlet of the cooling medium. The uppermost end 2 of the vertical column is closed by a dome, which has a central tube 11, provided with a flange for attachment to a cooler.

The compartment 12 comprises a vertical cylmden 12, provided at both ends with flange rings for connecting to the vertical cylinder pieces of the compartments w, c

'res ectively.

etween the compartments a and b, a sheet iron plate 13 is arranged, from which a dish 14 is suspended by bolts. The plate 13 has in the middle an aperture 15 through which the vapors can pass to the cooling chamber 1, and in the dish 14 four smaller apertures 16 are made to this end, preferably close to the edge of this dish.

e compartment 0 1s similar to the compartment a. The compartment d forming the, lower part of the vertical column, is provided with a flanged tube 23 for connecting a separator used for removing the liquid from the-vapors coming from the still. A.

late 24 with central opening 25 is arranged, between the compartments 0 and d,

The compartment e serves as a base for the dephlegmator, and according to a pre- 'tube 26, the reason for this arrangement being hereinafter explained, The other end 36 of the U-shaped tube 26 is openand terminates inside the dephlegmator, whilst on the curve of the said tube is arranged an upward hollow projection 35.

Separating the compartments d and e is a plate 38 having a conical or flared plate 30 attached thereto, the diameter of this latter being smaller than that of the dephlegmator column so that vapors formed in the compartment e, as will be hereinafter de scribed, may ascend between the edge of this plate and the wallsof the'column. In

order to allow these vapors to pass from the compartment e, holes 34 are provided in the late 38.

T e improved dephlegmator works as follows:

The vapors from a still after passing through a separator for removing the liquid from the vapors, enter the dephlegmator at 23. .Passing'throu h the opening 25 in the plate 24 they reach the undermost row of pipes in the cooling compartment 0 where their flow is interrupted by each pipe. The condensates fall from the uppermost pipes on to those arranged beneath, so that the vapors are not only divided into different streams, but also continue their? way through a rain of condensates. The working is more efficient than with coolers hitherto known because there are no baflieplates, thus enabling the vapors to come into close contact withthe cooling surfaces. Attention must be paid to the fact that the vapors which escape throu h the central aperture 25 are inclined to ollow the way with the smallest resistance. The number of tubes to be passed at the sides being less than at the middle, the vapors could rise along the side portions of the compartment '0. This is, however, prevented by the baffles 33 (see Fi ure 2), the most efficient spacing of whic can be determined by experiment. Q

The heaviervapors formed by the heavy oil gases and steam condense in this cooler and fall back on the p the opening 25 to the dish 30 and further through the ipes 31 and 32 to the bottom of the dep legmator. The condensates having arrlved' at the bottom, the oil will plate 24 and through float upon the water so that on the water in the curved open leg of the U-shaped tube 26 there is a thin film of oil. In the curve of the tube is the opening 35 for the outlet of the condensate. The quantity of the condensate becomin larger, the level of the water in the curvec? open 1e will rise correspondingly, whereas the co umn of liquid outside will rise to a greater height, because always more oil will fall down upon the water. Finally the mixture of oil and water will flow off through the U-shaped tube to a cooler.

The vapors which have passed the cooling compartment 0 arrive through the pipe 21 in the compartment 6 where they encounter the dish 14. Further they pass through the apertures in the dish 14 and the aperture in the plate 13 to the cooling compartment a which works in the same way as the cooling compartment 0. The vapors, which are not condensed in the cooling compartment a pass through the outletll to a siphon cooler.

The plate 20 does not possess apertures and can be considered as the bottom of the coolerswith the exception of the lowermost cooler. The lightest substances of the condensate remaining therein can again be vaporized by means of steam. The condensate can pass through the outlet 19 to a cooler.

By regulating the steam and watercocks the production of certain distillates can efiiciently be controlled, e. g. by using a greater quantity of cooling water the heavier substances of the mixture will con- -dense, .whereas from the distillate the lighter substances can be vaporized by indirect heating by means of steam. Thus the quality of the products can be controlled and the composition is subjected to the will of the distiller.

dephlegmator described above is especially,

adapted for still-batteries, it can'also be used successfully for condensing the vapors provided by tube furnaces. In that case dephlegmators of simpler construction may be employed.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-

1. A dephlegmator including a vertical column having a vapor inlet at its lower end and a vapor outlet at its upper end, superposed coolin compartments arranged in said column an each having a group of superposed horizontally arrange tubes, means for introducing a cooling fluid into and discharging said fluid from said tubes, a combined vapor and condensate chamber arranged between said cooling compartments', the lower end of each cooling compartment being open to permit vapors rising in the column to contact with said tubes in their vertical movement and con densation formed by this cooling to be showered down on the vertically rising vapor, and means for heating the condensate deposited in the combined vapor and condensate chamber.

2. A dephlegmator as claimed in claim 1 in which the ends of the cooling compartments are provided with removable covers to facilitate the cleaning of said tubes.

3. A dephlegmato-r as claimed in claim 1 in which a plate is arranged between the combined vapor and condensate compartment and the upper one of said cooling compartments, said plate having an aperture to permit vapor from the combined vapor and condensate chamber to rise into the upper cooling compartment, and the condensate formed in the upper cooling compartment to flow downwardly into the combined vapor and condensate chamber.

4. A dephlegmato-r as claimed in claim 1 in which a horizontally disposed plate forms a partition between the upper cooling compartment and the combined vapor and condensate chamber, said partition being provided with an aperture to permit the assage of vapor and condensates, and a ish arranged below said plate and provided with apertures.

5. A dephlegmator as claimed in claim 1 in which the bottom of the combined vapor and condensate chamber is formed of a horizontally disposed plate having an upwardly projecting pipe to permit vapor from the lower cooling compartment to rise into the combined vapor and condensate chamber, said last mentioned chamber having a condensate outlet arranged below the upper end of said pipe.

6. A dephlegmator as claimed in claim 1 in which the lower portion of the column is provided with a dish having depending hollow legs extending downwardly into close proximity to the bottom of the column and adapted to convey condensates from the dish into the lower portion of the column, a substantially inverted U-shaped pipe extending through the bottom of the column and having an. inlet leg arranged in close proximity to the bottom of the column, a hollow inlet projecting upwardly from the last mentioned pipe to permit condensates reaching a level above said last mentioned pipe to flow into the latter, and means for heating tihehlower portion of the column below said In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

DAVID CHARLES BRANDON.

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