US1493470A - Form-supporting means in concrete construction - Google Patents

Description

May 13 1924. 1,493,470

c] w. cAsH FORM SUPPORTING MEANS IN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 9, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet] May 13 1924.

, C. W. CASH lFORM SUPPORTING MEANS IN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 9, 1920 @rgb Patented May 13, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT Y messia CORNELIUS w. CASH, or CLEVELAND, OHIO, AssTGNoR To FRANK n. POOLE, or CLEvELEND, OHIO. i

FORM-SUPPORTING MEANsrN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

A Application lled August 9, 1920. Serial No; l1,023410.

T all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CORNELIUS W. CASH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have inventedV a new and useful .Improvement in Form- Supporting Means in Concrete Construction, of which the following is a specification, the principle fon A further object of the invention isthe provision of improved form-supporting means which may be used, either 1n connection with floors of a flat slab type, the panl type, or tile andjoist. 'A1 still further Object of the invention is the provision of improved supporting means for forms which will require very much less labor to set up and very much less material, whilefat the same time affording an equallyfirm and safe support for the forms, andat the same time the supporting means vbeforethe concrete is f ullv set without the necessity of re-shoring the forms, as is the case today. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter-'fully described and particularly pointedl out inthe claims.

VThe Vannexed drawingfandth'e following descriptionnset forthin detail certain mecha- 0 nismgembodying the invention, such "disclosed means constituting, however, but one of various mechanical' forms in which the principle of the invention may b'eused. In said annexed drawings Fig. 1` is a ytransverse 'vertical section through afloorrof the pan type showing my improved supporting means for thegforms therefor; Fig. `2 is a similar section taken at right angles to the section of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a vertical section corresponding to the section of Fig. l, buti illustrating a loor of the flat slab type; Fig. dis ak view `at right anglesto the section yof Fig.'3; Fig. 5 isy a plan view ofthe supporting: means for the forms vfor a floor ofthe panvtype, 'as shown square yfeet of lumber must ,beyused in; the "forms andsupports'for every square foot in Figs. l and 2; Fig. 6 is a similar plan View for the supports of a floor of the fiat slab type, as shown in Figs. 3 and t; andv Fig. ,7 is an enlarged sectional view of the composite beam, ,having the cross section of an I-beam, utilized in the construction.

A; concrete Hoor of the pan type is illustrated in F ig.v l and consists of la series of panels, as they are termed, leach panel cony sisting of the flooring between twopparallel spaced girders. In the case of a floor of the'flatslab type, as shown lin Figs. 3, 4. and 6, a panel is a square section of theooring between four columns which are reini t'orced'loy` drop heads extending for some distance aroundeach of the `colum'nsfand beneath thev floor proper. Iny Figs. -1 and 2 there is shown a panel, consisting of aconcrete girder l, atioor section 2. and a series yof longitudinally spaced ribs or concrete joists 3, which extend in a direction transverse to the girders ll, and arespacedy at equidistant intervals, as indicated. These lioists 3 are formed by mountinga series ofV l inverted U-shapedv metal or wood pans upon suitable supports to produce the open spaces 4 and the ribs 3. It is immaterial whether metal or wood pans are employed orthis K lpurpose, inleither case thepansbeing re- 30 permit of the removal of certain parts of moved after ythe Hooring is set. In tile flooring construction, rectangular tile are substituted for the pans of a panfoorconstruetion, and approximately the same type `of p of shoring the forms for a pan Hoor to provide ajoist underneath the bottom of each .ofthe ribs or lioists 3 of the concrete of suicient width to support thereon the two ends of the metal pans. 4Each of these'hori- Zontal joists is then supported orv shored by means of Ya series ofverticall supports.

` which are usually 4 x4: beams. spacedat 2 or lfoot intervals forl theeutire length of each joist. It is necessary `in this method `of vshoring ,to use a very large, amonntr oi.'

lumber, and it is usually figured that 2 Vthis case'the tile remain inthe oor kand are of final floor surface in the building. A further disadvantage of the present method is that, while the building codes of most cities permit of the removal of the shores after the first live to seven days, provided a lesser amount ot shoring material then substituted, it is impossible in the system described to remove a part. ot the shores without removing: them all and substituting a totally new Series of joists and shores for the original. While this releases some of the lumber at theI end of four or five days it entails so much labor in replacing the lighter series of shores which are permitted, that there is practically no real saving in taking down the original supports and substituting lighter ones, so that usually the entire original shoring system is allowed to remain until the concrete floor is permanently set, which means that all of the lumber in the shores and supports is tied up for not less than two weeks for each floor.

My improved system of shoring involves the use of a series of T-shaped supports 5 under the forms 6 for the beams 1 of the concrete floor. Under the adjacent lower edges cf each two pans is mounted a ribbon or strip 9, all oi? which are supported upon a series of joists 10. These joists 10 are in turn'supported upon composite members, consisting oi one deep relatively narrow strip or board 1-1` and the similar strips 12, one on either side of the strip 11 of enough less depth than the members 11 to receive between the members 12 and the ribbon, the ends of the joists 10. In any one span or panel there may be several of these composite beams, dep-endingupon the weight of the iloor and the extent of the span. For example, in a span of say 16 feet, there may be three composite members.

The composite members are supported at their ends inseveral ways, depending upon the depth of the concrete girders. In case of a deep concrete girder, such as is shown at the right of Fig. 2, the composite members may be nailed directly to a strap consisting of members 28, 29 and 30, which are supported at their ends upon the' T- shaped supports or struts 5, and throughout the remainder of their length, by the box form 31 for the girder. In cases where the girder is not of sulicient depth for its form to have strength to support they composite members` the latter are supported in the manner shown at the left in Fig. 2, that is, by means of the struts 5.

By the use of the described system of shoring the amount of lumber or other material usedffor shoring and supporting the concrete forms can be reduced by about one-half, while the labor of setting up thesey supports, can be reduced by at least an equal amount.

In case of a at slab construction, such as is shown in Fig. 6, where each of the columns 15 is surrounded by a drop head 16, extending several inches below the lower surface of the nal concrete floor, the system of shcring must be somewhat modified, although the same principle of construction can be used. In this construction, which is shown in section in Figs. 3 and l1, the Hat boards 16, which form the flat form upon which the concrete floor 17 is formed, are supported upon aseries of composite beams 18, similar to those already described, and upon a series of joists'19, which correspond to the joists 10 described above. The composite beams 18 in this form, however, are supported upon a series of vertical shores 20, 21, 22 and 23, which, for convenience in handling and for accuracy of alignment in settingup, may be built together and connected by horizontal members 241 and 252' and diagonal braces 26 and 27, which forni what is generally termed a bent, and which are set up and taken down as a unit. The location ot the various joists, composite members and supports is indicated for one panel vin Fig. 6 in their pro-per relation to each lother and to the columns at the corners of the panel.

This method of shoring consists in ,first erecting a supporting system in which the members running in both directions (longitudinal and transverse) are in supporting` contact with the forms, so that the supporting system may be diminished in its form supporting area of Contact by removing the" transverse or joistmembers while maintaining the composite members in their initial position undisturbed.

VThe ribbon strips 9 maybe made an integral part of theY composite member inl both the system of Figs. 1 and 3 since the addition of this strip serves to strengthen thecomposite mem-ber greatly. This strip however, also serves as a part of the form and hence the remainder of the composite member and the joists may be referred to as in supporting contact with the forms, as in fact they have been described elsewhere;

Another important advantage of my improved method and system of shoring is that it permits the absolute standardization of the joists in aV single length for any one building or length'of span. Standardization will enable this system of centeringto be erectedk to a greater extent by unskilledlabor than systems at present employed, and thereby eiect an additional saving in cost. At the same time' the workmen are facilitated in placing the support-ing members by the very much decreased number of vertical shores for eachpanel. Bents can rarely be'usedin present systems cf centering because they cannot` move through and between the innumerable vertical shores necessary, but by my method of construction bents may be moved between the widely spaced supports, where their use is found desirable.

One distinct advantage of the present method of shoring is that afterthe concrete floor is partially set, and has set to that point which allows of the removal of the original shoring system and the substitution of a cheaper and lighter system, it is here possible to knockout the joists l and 19 from their resting places upon the narrow members l2 of the composite members. In this way a portion or" the original shoring system can be removed without disturbing the remainder, and without the substitution of any other supporting members for the original ones which have been removed,

with a consequent saving in material and labor. At the same time the remaining supporting system is undisturbed and is en tirely suicient for the safe support of the floor after the initial set has been iven.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change bein made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1. A shoring system `for one panel of a concrete floor comprising two spaced series of shores under opposite sides of said panel, a series of parallel composite members mounted on said shores and provided with shoulders on their opposite sides, and a series of parallel joists extending transversely of said composite members, said joists fitting snuglybetween said members and bracing the same against lateral distortion, and being supported upon such shoulders thereof, and elements constituting the form for such concrete oor supported upon said joists.

2. A shoring system for one panel 0f a concrete floor comprising two spaced series tortion, and being supported upon suchl shoulders thereof, ribbon strips supported upon said joists, and inverted U-shapedr floor pans supportedon said ribbon strips.

3. composite wooden beam for use in supporting concrete forms, comprising a relatively thin wide plank,.other planks of approximately equal thickness of lesser width secured against either side of said first-named plank, said three planks having one edge in alignment, andl a fourth plank of Aapproximately equal thickness to each of said other planks and of a Width approximately 'equal to thev total thickness of the three associated planks, disposed transversely and centrally lupon the other edge of said first-named plank, whereby 'i said planks constitute an I-beam with a lower edge of enlarged cross-section as compared with its upper edge.

Signed by me, this 3rd day of August,

CORNELIUS CASH.

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