US1491191A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

April 22 1924.

Al A. BRUDER FURNACE Filed Dec. l,

zzz/111111414 FIL fi u

April 22 1924. 1,491,191

. A. BRUDER FURNACE Filed Dec. 1 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 22, i924..

nutren tres ALBERT A. BRUDER, OF HOLLY, IVUCHIGAN.

FURNACE.

Application filed December l, 1922.

To aZZ w hom it may concern Pie it lrnovvn that l, Animar A. BRUDER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Holly, in the county of Oakland and State of lvlichigan, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

ln my United States Patent No. 1,419,011, granted .lune 6, i922, there is disclosed a furnace including a combustion chamber, llues adapted to cause products of combustion to travel from the top ofthe combustion chamber to a pointbelow the fire therein and other flues communicating with the combustion chamber at the lire ktherein for conducting solid units upwardly above the combustion chamber and independent of the first mentioned lines. Thisconstructive arrangement of flues for producing drafts in the furnace has been yfound satisfactory, and the present invention includes the same principle with certain refinements by which the furnace is rendered more' eflicient, especially for various heating systems and various kinds of fuel. For instance, I find that the lowest grades of solid fuel may be burned .in improved furnace. Even ashes and various kinds of refuse matter can be burned because the flue arrangement insures proper drafts for the combustion ofsuch matter, and it is in this connection that the gaseous matter is also burned reducing to a minimum the Waste of combustible products to the atmosphere. i

'Vi/lith this rsum of my prior patent the present invention may be characterized in the following particulars.

First, the furnace as nonT constructed may be used for a hot air, hot Water or steam heating` system, or constructed to'supply hot Water in conjunction with hot air. This latter arrangement is advantageous for residence use and eliminates the usua hot Water boiler or tank. y i

Second, the 'onstruction of the furnace is such. that units may be added thereto to increase the output of the furnace for either Water, steam or air heating system.

rihird, the furnace is provided With a novel arrangement of dampers adapted for manual adjustment or automatic adjustment in conjunction with an ash pit door of the furnace, the latter adjustment precluding Serial No. 604,294.

any possibility of ashes being `blown from the furnace or obnoxious gases escaping therefrom intoy a .cellar or room in which the furnace may be located.

Fourth, the furnace is provided with fire sight openings or twyer members Which permit of the condition of the fire Within the furnace being observedwvithout moving any part of the i'urnace7 and these sight openings afford a degree of light adjacent the furnace which may provide sufficient illumination in a dark cellar for a furnace attendantto lire the furnace Without any additional light,

ifth, the furnace includes an arrangement of Water receptacles to insure a supply of hot Water and a natural amount of moisture in the air about the furnace. The receptacle which supplies the hot Water serves as a Water jacket about that partof the combustion chamber subjected to an intense heat and this water jacket precludes fracture or bucilrlingof chamber and flue Walls subjected to the fire Within the furnaces.

The above are a few of the features of my invention obtained by the constructive arrangement offparts to be hereinafter described and then claimed, and reference will new be had to the drawings `wherein-- Figure l is a vertical longitudinal sectional vieiv of a furnace in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view of the furnace as constructed from interchangeable units adapted toincrease the capacity of the furnace; i i i Fig. 3 is a vertical cross sectional View taken on the line lll-IH of F l;

Fig. #l is a perspective view of detached damners and the operating mechanism of such dampers;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view of a portion of the damper operating mechanism;

, VFig. 6 is a plan of the greater part of the furnace, partly broken away and partly in horizontal section, and

Fig. 7` is a front elevation of a portion of the furnace. j j

in the drawings, the reference numeral l denotes a substantially rectangular base piece providing an ash pit or chamber 2 which has its rear Wall provided with an air inlet opening 3, and the front end of the base piece is open to communicate with an openingy 4 in a casing Wall 5 which may be considered as an outer front wall of the furnace struc-ture. The opening 4 is normally closed by .a hinged door 6 having its hinged pintle 7 extending upwardly in front of the wall 5 and journaled in a bearing 8 carried by said wall. The purpose of this elongated pintle will hereinafter appear when Considering the damper operating mechanism.

The top 0f the base piece or ash pit has a large opening and a seat 9 for a conventional form of grate 1Q, and suitably mounted on the base piece 1, over the grate 10 is a combustion chamber 11 having inner side walls 12, outer side walls 13 of less height than the walls 12, a .rear wall 14, a front wall 15, and direrging or angularly disposed flue connections 16, said flue connections, the walls 12, 14 and 15 cooperating with horizontal walls 17 in forming a trough 18 and water compartments 19. The water compartments 19 Iare triangular in cross section, as best shown in lFig. 3 and entend along the sides of the combustion chamber between said chamber and the flue connections 16. The water compartments also correspond in length to the combustion .chamber and afford jackets on the -lowersides of the combustion chamber so that water placed in said jackets kor circulated therethrough may assist in cooling the walls of the combustion chamber and flue connections where said flue connections open into the combustion chamber.

In the horizontal walls 17 are detachable screw plugs 2O which permit of the trough 18 being placed in communication with the water compartments or jackets 19 and such communication is established when the furnace is to be used other than for water heating purposes. The trough 18 has a rear portion 21 outstanding from the wall 14 and a front portion 22 outstanding from the wall 15, thus providing a trough about the sides of the combustion chamber adapted to contain water which. will be heated by conduction from the walls of the combustion chamber and afford su'tiicient moisture so that air about the furnace will be moisture laden and not oppressively dry.

At one side of the trough and at the rear portion 21 thereof is an extension 23 pro truding through an opening 24 in a casing '25 inclosing the furnace. said casing being design that may rest on the be secured to the front wall 5, as' at 27, and afford suitable air inlet and outlet openings. These openings as well. as hot air flues have not been shown on account of being conventional in many forms of hot air furnaces. The trough extension 23 can be readily supplied with water controlled by an ordinary feed water regulator or float controlled valve so that as the water within the trough is absorbed by the air the trough may be replenished. It is also obvious that with t-he trough eXtenof any suitable bottom ring 26,

sion 23 extending out of the casing 25 that the trough may be manuallyiiilled from time to time.

Connected to the wall 14, at the rear ends of the water compartments or jacketsl 19, are branch water inlet pipes 28 communicat- .ing with a main water supply pipe 29. The water admitted to the bottom of each water jacket is removed from the top thereof by branch outlet pipes 30 connected to the wall 15 and a main hot water outlet pipe 31. The pipe 2 9 is-located outside of the casing 25 and vmay be equipped with a valve to control the supply of water to the water jackets and consequently the outlet of water to the pipe 31, this pipe extending upwardly in the casing 25 and out of said casing to supply hot water for any desired purpose. It may be connected to radiators, wateroutlet fixtures or to a storage tank, but insomuch that the -water jackets serve functionally as a water boiler such a tank may be eliminated.

Mounted on or suitably secured to the upper edges of the walls 12 and 14 of the combustion chamber is a magazine chamber composed of side walls 32 and 33, an arched upper wall 34, and al rear wall 35. The walls 32, 33 and 34 join thefront wall 5 and the combustion chamber 11 has its wall 15 provided with a forwardly extending channel shaped portion 35'meeting the wall 5 at an opening 3G in said walls, said opening being normally closed by a hinged door 37. The channel portion 35 cooperates with the magazine chamber in affording a fuel entrance to the combustion chamber, consequently the magazine chamber may have fuel stored therein for consumption as fast as fuel is consumed in the combustion chamber 11 above the grate 10. In practice a live bed of coals is maintained on the grate 10, burning at the lower ends of the flue connections 16 and under the coal or fuel within the upper part of the combustion chamber and the magazine.

The rear wall 35 of the magazine has a large opening 37 and connnunicating with said opening is a down flue 38 vhaving its lower end communicating with the opening 3 in the rear wall of the ash pit or base piece 1.

Extending into the large opening 37 of the magazine is the rear downwardly turned or mitered end 39 of a cold air draft flue 4() extending forwardly through the magazine to an opening 41 in the front wall 5, said opening being partially closed by a hinged flap door 42 provided with air inlet openings 43. rlhe cross sectional shape and area of the cold air draft flue is less than that of the opening 37 so that 'a draft lin the Adown flue 38 causes an entraining action at the opening 37 to pull smoke, dust and gases from the upper part of the combustion chamber and magazine and deliver the gaseous matter to the ash pit below the grate l0, through which grate the gaseous matter encounters the live bed of coals and is either consumed or finds eXit by the iiue connections 16.

-'lhe upper end of the down flue 38 has a T connection 44 adapted to have its vertical portion communicate with the atmosphere through the lateral portion of said T connection which lateral portion constantly communicates with the atmosphere. The forward end of the T connection 44 communicates with the middle portion of an arched flue 45 extending transversely over the magazine and said arched flue has a divisional wall 46 in front of the opening 47 which establishes communication between the flue 45 and the "l" connection 44. The ends or the flue 45 are connected to the upper ends of up-flues 48 havingr the lower ends thereof mounted on the walls i8 and the upper ends of the flue connections 16, thus establishing communication between the atmosphere and the bed of fire in the combustion chamber. An updraft is produced in each of the lines 48 and should a slow burning or dampened fire at the lower end of either flue connection 16 retard the updraft in one of the flues 48, the other flue, by rea son of the divisional wall or baffle 46, will cause somewhat of anentra-ining action in the slow draft flue and thus cause the slow burning fire at the lower end of such flue to become` more intense and eventually equalize the draft of both flues. The divisional wall or baille` 4G therefore precludes either of the flues 48 remaining dormant for any great period oftime, and insures an equal draft in each iue.

ln the vertical portion of the T connection 44 is an annular damper seat 49 for an inverted cup shaped damper 50 adapted to suit off the direct atmospheric communication between the 'l' connection 44, the upper end of the down flue 88 and the magazine. The damper 50 has a stem 5l slidable in a spider bearing 52 in the vertical portion of the "l" connection 44, and operatively connected to the lower end of the stem 51 is the foi-lied end 52 of a pivoted actuating bar 53 extending through the opening 37 and forwardly in the top of the magazine where the forward end of said bar is supported, as at 54 from the. arched top wall 34 of the magazine.

Norn'xally resting on top of the cold air draft flue 40 is a short arm 55 and a long arm. 56 either of which may be actuated to iinpinge against the bar 53 and cause said bar to raise the damper 50 and establish communication between the atmosphere,v the down flue 38 and themagazine. The long arm 56 is mounted on a longitudinally disposedv rock shaft 57 supported in a bracket or bearing 58 carried by the magazine wall 33 and the :forward end of said roch shaft is journaled in the front wall 5 with the outer end of said shaft provided with a crank 58. Normally engaging the crank 58 is a bell crank 59 supported from the wall 5v` said bell crank being attached to a rod or flexible member 60 adapted to be actuated from a point remote from the furnace. The damper 50 closes by gravity, but may be opened from a hall or room into which the rod or flexible member 60 extends.

The short arm 5K5 has a bifurcated end 6l loosely mounted on a rock shaft 62 journaled in the front wall 5 and the magazine wall. @n the forward outer end of the rock shaft 62 is a crank 63 connected, as at 64, to a crank 65 on the upper end of the ash door intle 7, previously referred to.

@n the rock shaft `62, in the magazine, is a cam member 86 and a cranl 67, the latter vextending under the forked end 6l of the arm 55 to impinge against said arm, when the shaft 62 is rocked, to raise the arm 55 and open the damper 50.

` Adjustable in the cold air draft flue 40, intermediate the ends thereof, is a gravity closing shutter or damper 58 having a weight 69 adapted to swing the damper to a vertical position to close the draft flue 40.

The pintle 7 O of the damper has an angular L end or crank 71 normally engaging thecam member 66 of the rock shaft 62 and in consequence of this arrangement opening of the ash pit door 6 causes the damper 68 to be closed in advance of the damper 50 ybeing opened. y

The wall l5 of the combustion chamber ll, at the juncture of said wall with the flue connection 18, is provided with openings 7 2 and the front wall 5 is provided with openings 73 larger than the openings 72 but coar'ial thereof. Connecting the walls 5 and 15 about the openings 72 and 73 are flared or taperin casings 74, and rsuitably mounted over the kopenings 7 3 are lens or transparent plates 75 which emit light from the lower ends'of the flue connections i6 and permit of conditions being observed at the lower ends of the flue connections 16. The casings 74 serve somewhat as twyers permitting of the fire conditions within the furnace being observed and the furnace regulated or attended accordingly.

The furnace thus far described is intended for heating water circulated through the water aclrets i9 and air circulated through the casing 25, but the principle of maintaining combustion in 'this furnace may be also itilize'd in the furnace employed as a source of heat for a water or steam circulating system. An YXample of such a furnace is shown in g. 2 where the combustion chamber 7 6 is surrounded by a water acket 77 having lateral branches 78 communicating with another waterjacket 7 9. rlhe space between the water jackets 77 and 79 constitutes upi'lues 8O communicating with the vlower end of the combustion chamber 7 6 and with an exhaust flue or T connection ,81. It is in. connection with this type of furnace that a plurality of superposed interchangeable units 32 may be employed to build up or increase the effective areas of the water jackets or flues, and in consequence of this unit construction a furnace may be providedto meet most any requirement of a heatingapparatus.

`(lonsideringl the operation of the furnace and assuming that the fire has been started en the grate 'i0 and coal or other fuel placed in the magazine or combustion chamber, the cold air entering the flue 40 will pass downwardly through the down flue 38 and upvardlr through the grate l0. Insomuch that there is a bed of coal in the combustion chamber, preferably maintained at the height indicated by det and dash lines in Fig. 3, the draft will not be through this bed of coal but outwardly at the sides of the lire bed into the up dues 48 and to the atmosphere through the T connection 44. The down draft in the flue 38 moves gaseous products of combustion or non-inflammable gases from the upper portion of the combustion chamber and delivers `the same to the fire bed where the products of combustion will be consumed and the inflammable gases carried off by the upues 4S to the atmosphere, therefore it makes no difference if air passes upwardly through the coal in the combustion chamber for such air is returned, under normal operating conditions, to the fire bed. This means of circulating air through the fire bed means that an intense .fire ismaintained at the lower ends of the fine connections 16 and may be observed through the twyers.

Coal may be readily placed in the maga zine or combustion chamber without any danger of gases exhausting at the opening 36 for the reason thatthe draft will be inwardly to the rear of the combustion chamber and downwardly through the flue 38.

If ashes are to be removed from the ash pit, through the opening 4, opening of the door 6 closes the damper G8 sautting off the supply of air to the flue 38 and opening damper 50, which places the down fine and the upper portion of the combustion. chamber in con'm'uinication with the atmosphere. Since the draft is sluit off from the down flue 3S ashes or gases will not be blown through the opening 4, but the draft will be induced inwardly from the opening 4 upwardly through the grate flue 38 and combustion chamber and out of the opening 37 into the T connection 44 to the atmosphere. The lower part of the combustion chamber may also exhaust to the atmosphere `through the up iiues 48.

By closing the damper 63 and opening rthe door 6 in syuchronism and in adi/'ance of the damper 5() there is no danger of gases exhausting from the ash pit into the casing 25 or the cellar in which the furnace is located, and by having the damper 50 opened right after the damper 68 is closed there is no danger of gases being` ,trapped in the furnace structure and causing` an explosion or leakage between parts of the furi'iace.

YWith the damper 50 operatable independent of the damper G8 it is obvious that a draft can be produced from ne flue 4() into the 'i' connection, which draft will nullify to a certain extent the draft tnrough the fire bed and thus retard the activitji' of the fui Lace for heating purposes.

Vhile in the drawings there are illus trated the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the structural elements are susceptible to such variations and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:-

l. In a furnace wherein con'nnunica-ting up flues communicate with an outlet flue and the bottom of a combustion chamber` at opposite sides thereof nieans for causing a uniform or equal draft in said up flues, said means being' located where said. up fines communicate with said outlet flue and causing a free draft flue to entrain smoke and gases from that flue in which a draft may be retarded into the outlet flue.

2. A furnace as called for in claim l, wherein said means is in the form. of a divi? sional partition extending in the direction of the outlet flue.

3. A. furnace comprising a combustion chamber, a base piece supporting said combustion chamber, an up flue con'nnunicating with the bottom of said combustion chamber, a down flue connected to said base piece so that air may pass through said combustion chamber into said up fine, a T connection between said up and down flues communicating with the atn'iosphere and with said combustion chamber, and a damper in said T connection controlling the communi? cation between said down flue and the at mosphere.

4. A furnace as called for in claim 3, and means operatable at said base piece for adjusting said damper.

5. A furnace as called for in claim 3, and means operatable through the top of said combustion chamber for adjusting said damper either from said base piece or remote from said furnace.

6. A furnace as called for in claim 3, and a draft flue extending into said down flue for producing a draft therein and removing gases from said combustion chamber.

7. A furnace comprising an ash pit, a combustion chamber, a down flue connected to said ash pit and to the upper part of said combustion chamber7 up lues connected to the lower part of said combustion chamber, a T connection between said up and down lues, a cold air draft flue communicating with said down flue, and means associated with said draft flue and said 'l' connection to cause the combustion chamber to exhaust either direct or indirectly through said T connection.

8. A furnace as called for in claim 7 wherein said means includes dampers operatable one in advance 0I" the other.

9. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber adapted to have a fire therein, a down flue communicating with the combustion chamber below the lire therein, and with the atmosphere independent of said combustion chamber, and means for causing said combustion chamber to exhaust into said down Hue and from said down iue either to the atmosphere or the lower part of said combustion chamber.

10.1K furnace as called for in claim 9 wherein said means includes a damper at the upper end of said down flue.

ln testimony whereof aii'ix my signature in. presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT A. BRUDER. Witnesses ANNA M. Donn, KARL H. BUTLER.

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