US1466066A - Percussive tool - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 28, 1923. 1,466,066

- H. H. MERCER PEncUssIvz TOOL Filed June 30. 1916 Patented Aug. 28, 1923.

written itar as iaeaaee r g Fri c E.

HENRY H. MERCER, OEVCLAREMONT, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASS IGNOR TO SULLIVAN IIIAGHINERY COItIIPAlWY, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

PERCUSSIVE TOOL.

Application filed June 30, 1916. Serial No. 106,960.

' the tool to run in under or side-ways as the cut is lengthened is effectually counteracted,

thereby eliminating crooked cuts'jand the various resultant delays in the operation of the machines. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved tool for cutting and breaking oil" rock portions in an improved manner-such as is disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application, Number106,961, filed June 30, 1916. In this improved manner of making cuts in a rock formation, advantage is taken of the fact that when a thin portion of rock is cut off or when a relatively narrow cut'is made by a plurality of cutting instruments operating on opposite sides of the cut, the narrow portion of rock cannot withstand the hard blows of the cutting tools and will crumble or break'under the force of the blows, especially when apart of the force of th blow directed toward the portion to be cut off. These and other objects 'of my improved construction will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings, I have, for purposes of illustration, shown two embodiments which my invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings. I Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view of a channel, showing one form of my improved tool in side elevation therein.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the cutting end of the tool,

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the cutting end of a tool of the same type shown in Fig. 2, the tool being shown in reversedlposition and of slightly modified construction. Fig. 4 is a perspective 'view of the cutting end of ,a further modified form of tool.

Fig. '5 is a similar view showing a tool of the type shown in Fig. the tool being shown in reversed positions andof slightly modified construction. I

In the form of my invention illustrated, I have shown tools of the gang type which may, if desired, beform'ed of one piece or of a-plurality of cooperating steels joined in a well known manner.

- As shown in Fig. 1, it will be noted that the tool is provided at its end with a cutting edge lfextending transversely thereof and inclined downwardly with respect to the length of the-tool toward the wall of the channel adjacent the channeler. It will also be noted that the latter is-provided'on its back with an elongated fiat back Z'adapte'd to bear against the wall of the channel adjacent the channeler in vertical cutting and that the same is also preferably provided wlth a shorter fiat face 3 adapted to bear,

against the opposite wall of the channel. Thus, due to the inclinedcutting edge 1, which forms an acute angle with the'back 2 in a plane or surface disposed longitudi-v nally' o'f the tool, the normal tendency of the tool, as it is sunk into the rock, .is to work in underthe'wall adjacent the channeler while the tendency of the back2 is to correct or neutralize this running in action of the tool tosuch an extent that, as the "tool is sunk, it must move in a'straight path. It will of course be understood that the face-3 may also cooperate with the back 2 in 'bringing about this result, although this is not essential.

As illustrated in Fig. 2, I preferably employ a tool of the Z gang typehaving at its end a plurality of inclined spaced chisel or cutting edges 1 disposed transve'rely of the cut and constituting what may be called chopping edges. As shown, these edges are connected by a cooperating angular web preferably comprisin'gtwo leveling edges and 5, of which the former is preferably shorter than the edges 1 and'is disposed'inside one of the edges 1 and extends at right angles thereto, while the latter connects the edge 4 to the'other edge 1, and is disposed at an angle of substantially et'5fto the other edges in a plane or surface transverse to the] tool. In this'construction, itwillbe noted that the back of the tool is provided with a plurality of flat surfaces 2 spaced apart on opposite sides of the tool, wh ch, due to their large area and theirsp'aced location with respect to one another, obviously act efficiently to prevent the running in under of the tool, It will also be noted that, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a plurality of spaced surfaces 3 is provided and that theedges l and 5 are provided with inclined surfaces 6 and 7 sloping toward the same in such a manner as to facilitate the reduction of the stone. The tool shown in Fig. 3 obviously differs from that shown in Fig. 2, only in that it comprises a plurality of cutting members or steelsunited to formvone tool or gen o 1 In the formof my invention shown in Fig.

4, it will be noted that the tool is provided with central leveling edges 8 and.,9 disposed in V shape between a plurality of edges 10 and 11 similar to the leveling edge t above described, and that theedges 10 and 11 are located adjacent the cutting edges. 1, as in the construction firstdescribed. In the tool shown in Figs. land 5, it will also be noted that the edges Sand 9' are formed on inclined portions 12 and 13 leading to' the level of a plurality of surfaces 2,.similar to the surfaces above described, and that an intermediate surface 3 isprovided disposed in the same plane with theother surfaces 3, and cooperating therewith. The gang shown in Fig. 5 is of-the same shape as that shown in Fig. 4, and only differs therefrom in being formed of a plurality of steels. In the drawings 1 have shown the cutting edges and the leveling edges in substantially the same plane, but it willbe obvious that, as usual in the channel-art, the relative position of cutting and leveling edges will be depend ent upon the hardness and other characteristics of the matter being channeled. In some cases. the leveling edges may be retracted even more than as shown in Fig. 2, i. e., as

much as one-fourth of an inch, or even more, above the level of the cutting edges. 7 r I In the use of my lmproved construction,

due to the tendency of the inclined cutting. edges .1 to cause the tool to run in under 1 the wall of the cut adjacent. the channeler,

and the constant counteracting effect of the flattened backs or surfaces 2, a channel is produced which is substantially straight,

V thereby removing alarge part ofthediflioulties heretofore experienced with the tools or gangs, and the necessity for straightening the cutas the latter is lengthened. A part of the force of the blow delivered by the cutting-tool is absorbed in cutting into the rock and, due to the use of a slanting cutting edge, one component of this force is directed toward the rock portion to be cut-away, to break this rock portion, as shown at X and Y, free from the uncut rock formation.

While I have in this application specifi-v cally described two embodiments which my inventlon may assume in practice, it is to be understood that the same is not limited thereincense end of said shank, said tool beingprovidedj with a cutting portion terminating in a chsel-like chopping edge, extending substantially across the entire lower'end of said tool, said edge being substantialy straight which the direction of reciprocation of said steel when in use is perpendicular, whereby the main action of said edge is a cutting one but a small component of the blow trans mitted by said edge is directed in the direcand making a small angle with a plane to tion of the rock portion to be freed,*and said tool being also provided with a guiding surface disposed parallel to its direction of reciprocation and formed at the side thereof in which the lower end of said cutting edge terminates. 7 p

2.- A channeler steel for cutting a of rock free from a rock formation comprising a'shank, and a cutting tool at the lower end of said shank, said tool being provided with aplurality of parallel transverse chiselportion like chopping edges extending substantially across the entire lower end of said tool, said edges being --substantially straight and making a small angle with a plane to which the direction of reciprocation of said steel when in use is perpendicular, wherebythe main action of said edges is a cutting one but a small component of the blow transmitted. by said edges is directed in the direction of the rock portion to be freed, and

surface disposed parallel to its direction of reciprocation and formedat the side thereof in which the lower ends of said cutting edges terminate.

3. A channeler steel adapted during cutting operation' for reciprocation and simultaneous gradualbodily lateral movement 1n a plane including the aXis of the steel, com-' said tool being also provided with a guiding guiding surface on said tool adjacent the self.

rock formation, a transverse downwardly angle to the guiding surface to deliver a directed cutting chopping edge and a diagonal cutting leveling edge disposed substantially in a plane extending across the end of the tool and making a small dihedral angl with a plane to which the length of said tool is perpendicular.

6. In a percussive tool for cutting a por;

tion of rock free from a rock formation, a guiding surface on said tool contacting with the rock formation and cooperating therewith to guide the tool, and a bit provided with a plurality of transverse downwardly directed chopping edges and with a diagonal cutting edge and havingits transverse edges disposed in a plane extending across the end of the bit and making an acute dihedral angle with the guide surface to deliver a component of the force of the blow in the direction of the rock portion,

the complement of said dihedral angle being materially smaller than said angle it :7 In a percussive toolfor cutting a por tion of rock free from a rock formation, a guiding surface on said tool contacting with the rock formation and cooperating therewith to guide the tool, and a bit comprising a transverse downwardly directed chopping cutting edge and a diagonal leveling cutting edge and having its transverse and diagonal cutting edges disposed in a plane extending across the end of the bit and making an acute dihedral angle with the guiding surface to deliver a component of the force of the blow in the direction of the rock portion, said dihedral angle being of such measure that its complement is k materially smaller than said angle itself.

8. In a percussive tool for cutting a por tion of rock free from a rock formation, a guiding surface on said tool contacting with the rock formation and cooperating therewith to guide the tool, and a bit including a plurality of transverse downwardly directed chopping cutting edges and an angular diagonal cutting edge therebetween,

said transverse cutting edges being disposed in a plane which extends across the end of the bit and makes an acute dihedral angle with the guiding surface to deliver a component of the force of the blow in the direction of the rock portion, said. dihedral angle being of such measure that its complement is materially smaller than said angle itself.

9. In a percussive tool for cutting a por tion of rock free from a rock formation, a guiding surface on said tool contacting with the rock formation and cooperating there with to guide the tool, and a bit including a plurality of transverse downwardly directed chopping cuttingedges and an angular diagonal cutting edge therebetween, said cutting edges being disposed in a plane extending across the end of the-bit at an acute small comopnent of the force of the blow in the direction of the rock portion.

10. In a percussive tool for cutting a por tion of rock free from a rock formation. a

guiding surface on said tool contacting withv tween the transverse cutting edges, a part i of said cutting edges beingldisposed ina plane extending across the end of the bit at a relatively large acuteangle to the guiding surface and intersecting the latter 'along'a line perpendicular to; the length of; the tool v to deliver a component ofthe force 'ofthe blow in the direction of the rock portion.

11. A percussive tool for channelers hav ingan elongated straight back adapted to engage one wall of a cut and having at its end a plurality of spaced inclined chopping edges extending transversely of the tool and making small acute angles With a plane to which said back is perpendicular andlying in surfaces disposed longitudinally of the tool. r v

, 12. A percussive tool for channelers having an elongated straight back adapted to engage one wall of a cut and having at its end a plurality of spaced chopping cutting edges extending transversely of the tool and inclined Withrespect to said back in surfaces disposed longitudinally of the tool, and a cooperating cutting edge disposed between said first named cutting edges and having the extremitiesthereof the one-adjacent the back of the tool and the other adjacent the front side thereof, the foremost point in the first-imentioned cutting edges being at least as far forward as the foremost point in said cooperating edge.

r 13. A percussive tool for channelers having anelongated straight back adapted toengage one wall of a cut and having'at its end a plurality of spaced cutting edges extending transversely of the tool and innamed cutting edges, said last named cutting edges being angularly disposed with respect to each other in a. surface WllICli is transverse to the tool and makes a small dihedral angle with a sur'lace'to which the tool is perpendicular, there-being a point in one of said cooperating edges adjacent the back of said tool and a point in the other thereof adjacent the front side of said tool, the foremost points in said plurality of spaced cutting edges being at least as :tar advanced as the foremost points in said cooperating edges.

14. A percussive tool having straight back adapted to engage the wall of a cut and having at its end a cutting portion comprising downwardly directed chopping edge portions extending transversely of: the tool andforniingpacute angles with said be cl: in

surfaces disposed longitudinally of the tool,

7 and an edge joining the diagonally opposite a plurality of spaced chopping cutting edges extending transversely of the tool and inclined with respect 'to the length thereof, and cooperating leveling edgesbe tween said transversely extending edges and angularly disposed V with respect thereto in a surface transverse to the tool, said tool having a plurality of elongated fiat surfaces on its back. r

. 17.. A percussive tool havingan elongated straight back adapted to engage one wall of. the cut, and having at its end a plurality of spaced-inclined cutting edges extending transversely of the tool and forming acute angles with said back in surfaces disposed longitudinally of the tool, a cooperating shorter leveling edge disposed adjacent one .tool and makes a relatively large of said transversely extending edges, and a second cooperating leveling edge disposed angularly with respect to said first named cooperating edge in a surface transverse to the tool and disposed between said first named cooperating ec ge and the other of said transversely extending edges.

18. A percussive tool comprising a pair of parallel downwardly directed chopping cutting edges and an intermediate leveling edge; said edges being disposed. substantially a single plane which passes through a ine perpendicular to the axis of the tool and to which plane said axis is oblique.

19. In a percussive tool, a pair of downwardly directed chopping cutting edges disposed adjacent the sides-of the tool and lying in a plane which passes through a line perpendicular to one of the sides of said I acute dihedral angle with the plane otthe' back of the tool, and a leveling edge disposed-in substantially the same plane but arrangedat an angle to said cutting edges.

20. In. a percussive tool for channelers, a guidingsurfaceon the tool contacting with the rock and coo eratin 'therewith to uide the tool, a leading cutting edge lying in a plane transverse to the direction of ad. vance of said tool, a-second cutting edge parallel to the said irst edge, and an" in-- termediate leveling edge arranged at an. angle to said cutting ed es, all of said edges being disposed substantially in a single plane which passes through a line connect-f ing homologous points in the cutting edges and makes a relatively large acutedihedral angle with the guiding surface.

21. A channeler tool.gang, comprising a plurality of transverse chopping cutting edges disposed in plane making a relatively large acute angle with thewalls oi the channel which is cut thereby, and an. intermediate leveling edge arranged in a plan e parallel to'a plane parallel to said first mentioned plane. r

Intestimony whereof I afiix signature;

' HENRY H. MERCER.

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