US1461451A - Method of making concrete piles - Google Patents

Description

Julyh'lo, 19,23.'

G. G. PQWELL METHOD oF MAKING CONCRETE PILES 2 sheds-sheet 1 Filedl June 'Z July 1o, 1923'. 1,461,451

l G. G; POWELL l .u METHOD oF MAKING CONCRETE PILES Filed Junev 1921 2 sheets-snee*b 2 66mg@ Ewa/l Patented July 10, 1923.

unirse- STATES PATENT ortica.

GEORGE G. POWELL, OF YORK, Nl Y., SSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO IGNATIUS l lVllcGrLONIE., OF JAMAICA,- NEW YORK.

l METHOD OF MAKING CONCRETE PILES.

To all whom t may concern.: n l

Be it known-that I GEORGE G. -POWELL citizen of the United States, and resident of 'the borough of Bronx, New York cit il? or the county of Bronx and State of New have -invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Method of Making Concrete Piles, of which the following is a specification. I. y

This invention relates to improvements in the method of making concrete piles,

` Y caissons and the like with enlarged footings or enlar ements at other portions thereof'.`

The o ject of the invention comprlses 1mprovements in such a method whereby such enlarged footings or other enlargements for,-

piles of concrete and similar material .can easily and cheaplyw be made when the piles are located in soft or yielding soil and also when the footings are to bear on the surface of rock or other hard substances.

.l The piles. producedlby thisl improved method obviate the necessity of using long and spliced piles in soft ound to obtain the requisite skinvfriction or their support.

This improvedmethod obviates the neces'- sity of using vthe air lock method and the expensive equipment for compressed air and air locks and allows the use of short piles with great frictional resistance tomaintain loads thereon without displacement.

The organization of the invention comprises driving a casing into the soil, and removing the soil from the interior thereof,

by the use of a water jet or other method. Then a4 tube with electric conductors is lo' ycated in the casing. A container with an explosive is attached to the 'lower end of the tube and tube with the container is forced below the bottomV end of the casing. @The casing is then filled with liquid concrete and thereafter the explosive is exploded which forms a cavity in the soilbelow the casing. After the explosion the gases in the cavity condense whereby the concrete in tl-iecasingl saidcavity to4 form va purtenances;

Fig. 3- shows a view similar toFig. 2 with the casing thereof .filled with concrete;

Fig. 4 indicates a sectional elevation similar toFig. '3 with 'a footing at its lower end; Fig. 5 shows a view similar to Fig. 4 with the casing filled with concrete; Fig. 6 shows a sectional elevation similar vto Fig. 5 with-a modification; f

Fig. 7 shows another sectional modied elevation of a casing with its appurtenances; e Fig.A 8 represents a sectional elevation of a casing driven into its surrounding soi! with a plurality of conduits and their appurtenances; Fig. 9 shows a view similar to` Fig. 8 with a modiication;'Fig. 10 is a top view of Fig. 9; F ig.; 11 'indicates a sectional elevation of a plurality of .concrete piles connected together; Fig.' 12 shows V'a section of Fig. 1l on the line l2, 12; Fig.v 13'sh0ws an elevation 'of a lbridge made of concrete piles, and-Fig. 14 is a section of Fig. 13on 'the line 14, 14, Y

container 26 is forced below the lower end ofthe casing in the s'oil21. Then, as indicated inF ig. .3 the casing 20 is filled with liquid concrete 30. The next step consists in exploding the explosive in the container 26 by means of asource of electric current for the conductor 25,`to form cavity 33 below the bottom end of the casing 20 as shown in Fig. 4. Upon the condensation of the gases in the cavity 33 the liquid con-y crete 30 will flow into the said cavity33, and form the enlarged footing 34, the upper level of the concrete inthe .casing 20 at the same timeldescending. The next step is to fill the casing 2O with concrete to its upper is next allowed to harden. If it is desirable to remove the casing 2O from the concrete pile it must be done before the concrete hardens. The concrete pile with its `enlarged footing 34 is now complete.

In Fi 6 a casing 40 is indicated which tapers ouwardly from its top to its bottom end and which has formed .therein the concrete.

end as indicated in Fig. 5, which concrete pile 41 with the enlarged footing 42. The

' latter is supported on the bed ofrock 44.

larged'footing 42. In Fig. 7 is indicated a casing 50 which tapers inwardly from its top to its bottom endand which contains the concrete pile 51 with the enlarged footin 52.

n Fig. 8 is indicated a casing 60 in the soil 21, with a plurality of conduits 61, 62 and 63 with'their electric conductors 64 and their respective containers 66, 67 and 68 with explosives. In this modification as previously described liquid concrete is poured into casing 60 and then explosives in the containers 66, 67 and 68' are exploded. This will produce a cavity 69 at the bottom of the casing and bulge out said casings at the sides as indicated at 70. The liquid concrete will then flow into said cavities and form an enlarged footing at the bottom of the pile and an enlargement at the sides thereof. The containers with explosives in `the casing may also be located at various other levels to form a plurality of enlargements at the sides of the pile at different levels'. If the casing 60 in this exemplification is to be removed it must be done after the footing is formed at the bottom of the pile and before the explosives in the containers 66 and 67 form the bulged-out portions at' the sides of said pile.

In Figs. 9 and 10 a large casingor caisson is indicated at which is driven linto the soil20 to near bed rock and a plurality of conduits 76 with electric conductors 77 and containers 78 are lowered in said caisson 75 after the soil therein' has been removed. When the explosives in the containers are exploded a large continuous footing is formed in the cavity 79. In this instance the cavity 79 is partly formed in the bed rock 8() to make a clean and perfect contact for the footing.

In Figs. 11 and 12 an adaptation of the concrete piles is exemplified and in which'` Fig. 11 indicates Va side elevation of a plurality of piles 82 with enlarged footings 83 that make one continuous footing for the piles, These piles are formed in theway already explained. A cap 84 is supported on the piles 82. Fig. 12 shows a cross-section of Fig. 11 on the line 12, 12.

In Figs. 13 and 14 another adaptation of the piles is indicated and in which Fig. 13 shows a sectional view of a stream with the piles and Fig. 14 shows a section of Fig. 13 on the line 14, 14. The rock forming the channel for the river is shown at and which has `supported thereon the soft soil 91. A plurality of concrete piles 92 are formed with the steps already described which with their enlarged footings 93 form an arch in the soil 91. A cap or roof 95 is located on the top ends of the concrete piles 92. i

'Having 1 The method of forming a concrete pile consisting in forcing a casing into the soil, I

describedl'iny invention what I V desire to secure by Letters Patent and claim casing with liquid concrete, exploding thel explosive and thereby forming a cavity directly in the soil below the concrete in the casing, the concrete thereof flowing into said cavity to form an enlarged footing'for the pile, the concrete lowering in the Casin and then filling the casing with additiona concrete. -v n,

3. The method of forming a concrete pile with an enlarged footing and bulged out portions at the sides thereof, consisting inl l forcing a 'casing into soil, removing the vsoil. from the interior of the casing,locati1:lga y plurality of conduits each with electriocoi1` i ductors and a containelrat the lower endin the casing, some of said containers suspended between the top and bottom ends-.of the casing and some in the soil belowthe bottom end of the casing, filling the casing with liquid concrete, exploding the explo'e' sives in the containers to form a'cavity. beilow the casing and bulge the latter 'at'the 'no' sides thereof, the said concrete after the ex plosion flowing into said cavity to f0rm` 'a4 footing and flowing in the bulged portions of the casing to form enlargements at the side ofthe pile, the liquid concrete lowering in the casing as a result of the explosion and then filling the casing with additional liquid concrete.

4. The method of forming a -large concrete pile by forcing a caisson into soil, re-

caisson, lowering a plurality of conduits each with electric conductors and a container with an explosiveat its lower end into the caisson forcing the conduits with the con tainers in the soil below the bottom `end of moving the soil from the interior lof the '120"- the caisson, filling the caisson with liquid' concrete4 and exploding the explosives in the containers to form a plurality of cavities atthe lower end of the caisson, the liquid concrete iiowing into the cavities forming .an

`enlarged footing for. the pile and then.' filling the caisson with concrete up toitsA upper level. i A

5. The method of forming a plurality nof concrete piles with 'their footin'gs forming a suppor'tingwall consisting Iin forcing a. plu# rality of casings adjacent to each other in the soil, removing the soil from the interior of euch casing, lowering. a. conduit with electric conductors and va container et the bottom end of each conduit in each' casing,

forcing the lower end of each conduit with the container in thesoil below the bottoni ties to forme-supportingwall by reasonvof the footings formed becoming connected -to each other.

Signed at the borough of Manhattany'icit'y of New York in the county of New York andState of New York this 3d day of June, A. AD; 1921. l

GEORGE e. POWELL,

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