US1424366A - Bending press - Google Patents

Description

F. W; McARD'LE.

BENDING PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 29, 1920. 1,424,366, Patented Aug. 1,1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- F. W. McARDLE.

BENDING PRESS.

iii

FRED W. MGARDLE, 013 BOSTON, MASSAGHUSE-T'IE;

BENDING Passe.

insists.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented rang; l, 1922.

Application filed October 29, 1920. Serial No. 420,520.

T (ZZZ will-0721 it an my concern Be it known that I, Flinn ll. MoAnnLn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Eitate Oil Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bending Press,- cs, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide an improved machine for bending structural beams, bars, pipes and the like.

I am aware that the use of a segmental form with shoes coacting, isold in the arts, and that the method of bending step by step, is also old. a

My invention consists in thenovel construction. and combination of well known elements, to accomplish. my object econo1nirally. This, together withother features, will appear in the accompanying specifications and claims, and the drawings forming a part thereof. The drawings illustrate a preferred form oil this invention, but other constructions and modifications may be used, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In these drawings Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of a machine embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 shows a clamp used in connection with the forming segments,

Fig. 3 shows a plan or the machine.

F el shows an end view illustrating the carriage, carrying the bending mechanism.

Fig. 5 shows anend view oi? the holding clamp for a pipe, bar or beam.

Fig.- 6 shows a side elevation. of the same clamp.

Fl '7 shows an end elevation oil: the forming so .ment support.

Fig. 8 shows a plan of the bendingmechanism in extreme bending position.

In the drawings, a pedestal, 2lf22 are side rails secured thereto, 23 is a rail segment, concentricwith the post 26, which forms an integral part of the pedestal, 20.

Legs 2l25 :l orm supports to which the outer ends of the rails 2l-22, and the segment 23 are attached; theelemcnts described forming a frame or bed to support the other parts of the machine, and to resist the reactions when the machine is operated. The bars :ll)I-l1, are jou rna led at one end, on the post 26, and near the other end are connected. bymeans oi the bolts 32 and nuts 33, the bushing Bl serving as a spacer for the bars. Thisconstruction forms a swinging arm, rotatable on the post 26, the bar bearing on the shoulder portion 36 of the post 26, and the bar 31 resting on the top of the pedestal at35, the members of the arm thus being parallel throughout their length. The bar 31 is bored suiiiciently larger than the diameter of the post 26,t0 permit the use of a bushing 37, which projects through the bar for the purpose of supporting the hub to of the forming segment 41. The brushing 37may be provided with the flange 38, to give a larger supporting surface for the hub, and inthis case, snflicientclearance is allowed on the bottom of the flange to insure that the weight of the hub and segment shall not bear onthe arm member 31, and thus interfere with the I free rotation of the when the machine" is operated. The segment All, on which the pipe or structural shape is bent, consists of an outer rim 4L2, shaped to conform with the section of the shape or pipe as shown at 4:3. v i i Arms 4l4l-r5- 46 connect this rim 1-2 with the l1lll lO, which is cut away at 47, to perniit the ready removal of the forming seg ment, and the change to others of different radii or shape oit i ormmg groove. As these forming segments mustbe substantially rigid with the frame or base, during the bending,

operation, means are provided to support and secure them rigidly in a predetermined relation to the pedestal and. the frame, and a preferred method is shown in Figs. 3, 6, 7. The forming segment 41, is'providcd with a bracket 50 on the arm .45, which is formed with a downwardly extending rib 51, which is adapted to bearonthe carriage This carriage is mounted on the rail 21, andis firovhled with rolls 5?, rotatable on the bolts 5l.-which also serve/to secure the outside plate to the rnain part of the carriage.

. Similar bolts 56 secure the plate below, thei bossesoi and the flange 58serv1ng to separate the plate and the carriage proper, to provide space for the rail 21, on which the carriage rides. A boss 59, extending upwardly from the flange is tapped to re- ;ceivethe set screw 60, which is adapted to engage the inner side of the rib 51. I

This secures the formingsegment rigidly relative to the rail 21 and the carriage 52 Projecting outwardly from the arm 46, is a boss (35, through which extends theehole (56. i This boss engages One member 67, of

a clamping device which is adapted tohold securely the pipe or bar which is to be bent. This member will hereafter-be referred to as the rear clamp bracket.

This bracketis formed with a recess 68,

into which the boss 65 extends, the upper wall :of the recess 69, and the base 'of'the bracket, at 70, being provided with'holes adapted to align with the hole 66 in the boss 65. A coupling pin 71, through these holes, serves to secure the forming segment to the bracket 67, which in turn is supported by, and secured to a carriage 76.

, This carriage is similar in character to the carriage 52, so far as mountlng'andgeneral construction goes, but it is adaptedto support the clamping device in additlon to serving as support for the forming segment.

i .Tt'is obvious that the forming segment secured as described isheld substantially rigid, and yet may readily be released and replaced.

The rear clamp bracket 67 may be secured to the carriage in a variety of ways, and I have shown;L satisfactory method, bolts 75 passingthrough ears formed on the bracket and through the carriage, to be fastened in place by nuts. This bracket is supplemented "by a'frontbracket 80, secured to the carriage in a similar way as the rear bracket, by

means of the bolts 81 and corresponding I nuts. This bracket is tapped to receive the 85, which serve to limit the movement of the clamp screw 82, which is provided with a head, through which extends a hole in which the bar 83 isslidable.

is rigidly secured to both by bolts 91. This b'ar,"togetherwith a flange 92, formed on the carriage 76, provide guides for a slidable clampblock 9 8,against the back of which, the clamp screw 82 bears. N ear the end of 7 this screw, it is grooved as shown at 95, and the'projecting end 94: engages the bottom of 10 1,, are formed with projections 105, which swing out of the path of the filling blocks when they are slid into place, and which'engage the backs of these blocks when the blocks are at the limit of their movement in the dovetailed recesses, the lugs 102 and the projection 105 on the dog 103, cooperating to secure the filler block 100 against'movement lengthwise of the dovetailed recesses. In operating the machine, the block 93 togetherwith its filler block, is retractedby the screw 82, permitting the insertion of the pipe or bar between the two filling blocks. The block 93 is then tightened onthe pipe or bar which is-thus held rigidly enclosed by .the filling blocks 100. hen secured in this 'way, the pipe or bar is in alignment with the groove in the forming segment ehthe part of the pipe or bar extending inwardly and athtpted to conform to the groove in the a counterbore formedin the block 93, a plate "96, forked to ht into the groove 95,be1ng fastened to the block, in order that the screw will act both to apply pressure to the block direction. The contiguous sides of the block 93 and the rear clamp bracket 67, are adapt- "edto receive and hold the replaceable vfiller blocks 100, which may be secured in place in andto withdraw it, when turned in the other segment as the operation progresses. Since the forming segment'is secured, through the carriages and 76 to the rails 21 and 22 and reacts on the post 26, it. is held rigidly in position as the machine operates. It has been found that with'some sections to be bent, the

'- points of support for the forming segments are so disposed that theyserve as fulcra, the preponderance in weight of the rim 41 tending to rotate the forming segmentonthese' fulcra, and thus permit the formed groove "to drop outo'f alignment with'the axis of the pipe or structural shape.

As it is advisable to leave a space between the bars 30 and 31, greater than the length of the hub 40, in order that the segments maybe readily changed, the tendency noted is controlled by means of an open collar 110, which may be removed when the segments are changed, and which serves to hold the hub 10 down, the setscrews 1'11 securing the collar to the post 26 after the former is in place. It is obvious that other well known methods may he used to accomplish this purpose although this is a preferred form. l

In this form of the invention, the bending mechanism is mounted on a carriage which is slidable on the. swinging arm formed by the bars 30-31 and spacers 342, and this will be presently described. As above noted, the swinging arm is rotatable about the post 20,

and the forming segment is concentric with the axis thereof, as isalso the frame member 23. This member 23,serves-not only as apartof theframe of the machine,but also,

a variety of ways, but are here shownlas engaging dovetailed recesses 101 formed in the block and in the bracket, These filhng blocks shaped to. conform with the pipe or structural section to be bent, are slid into engagement with the slidable block and the rear clamp block, projecting lugs 102 serving to :limitthe inward movement, as they abut the outer sides of the block and the bracket; Dogs 108, swiveled .on the screws" on its top surface, as'a traclcon which the rollers 115*116 may ride. These rollers are secured respectively to the shafts 117 118 iourna'ledin the truck 119, secured to the bar 31,'of the swing arm, near its outer end, and whichserves to support the weight of the outer end of the swinging arm and the weight of the mechanism carried thereby. Secured to the shaft 118, is a pinion 120, adapted to engage the segmental rack 121,

secured to the frame member 23, concentric with the axis of the post 26. The shaft 118 is extended outwardly to clear the end of the swinging arm, and Secured tothe outer end of this shaft is the hub122, from which project the radial arms 123'. lly means of this construction, the swinging arm may be readily rotated ineither direction about the post 26, to adjust the bending mechanism carried by the swinging arm to the ra dial position required for a bending operation. In machines for heavy service, a' similar construction maybe used to move the clamp carriage, but ordinarily it 'is'unnecessary as the rollers 77 riding on the rail 22, permit the clamp carriage to be readily moved along the rail.

The bending mechanism is mounted on a carriage, slidable on the swinging arm, and this will hereafter be designated as the bending carriage. ln thisform of the invention, the bending carriage is constructed as follows :A top plate 130, and a bottom plate 131, both with suitable. projections adapted to support the mechanism required, are 0011-.

nected by spacer studs 132-133181, the nuts 135-136 serving to secure the studs and plates together in a rigid construction. As here shown, the mechanism is operated by an electric motor 1%, the pinionl'38 being rigidly secured to the motor shaft, and meshing with the gear 139, on one end of an intermediate shaft with a bearing in the stand 140, secured to the top plate 130. Secured to the other end of the intermediate shaft is the pinion 141'meshing with the gear 1 12, secured to one end of the worm shaft 14-3. 1

It is obvious that themotor and gearing may be replaced by a belt driven worm shaft, the gear 142 being replaced bya pulley" from which a beltmayiead to a source of power. The worm shaft 14?), is journalled at 1 14c145 and between these bearings, "theworin 14-6 is rigidly secured to the shaft 14:3, a'suitable thrust bearing 1%? serving to reduce the end friction due to the reaction of the worm n'ieshing with the worm gear 1&8. This worm gear is rigidly secured to one end of a shaft 149, a plate 150 secured by the bolt 151, tapped into the end of the shaft H9, providing added assurance against end movement,in case of loosened keys. The shaft 149 is journaled at 152- in the top plate and the bottom plate, and between these bearings, the cam 153 is keyed to the shaft 1 1-9, a pin 154, passing through the hub of the cam and the shaft, serving to prevent any upward. movement'of the shaft. It has been found advisable to use this form of construction on account of the practicaldifiicnlty in assembling the cam when a long key is used,

but other ways i for rigidly securing the wormgear and the cam may be used. The key in the cam and shaft is therefore depended upon to insure rotation of the cam and the pin toprevent possible end movement of the shaft in the hub of the cam as the worm gearis rotated by the worm, the action of which tends to lift the gear and shaft-rat tached, This tendency causes a reaction between theztop of the cam hub and the upper bearing 152, and to reduce the friction,

the thrust bearing 155 is introduced between. The worm may be made left hand instead of right, and the gear made to correspond, in which case. the reaction would be downward on the upper bearing 152, and in that case the thrust bearing155 would be introducedbetween the bottom of the gear hub and the top of the upper-bearing 152; the form illustrated and described is, however the preferred form. As the cam is rotated by the means described, the periphery 156 en-. gages a roller 157, journaled ona shaft 158, whichsforms a hingepin connecting the links 159 and 160,wl1ich constitute a toggle joint for the purposeof operating the bending shoe 161. Y These links, together with the shoe, are disposed in. the following mana ner:-The link 159 is rigidly secured to a shaft 165, rotatably mounted in bearings 166 formed in both top and bottonrcarriage plates 130 and 131. The pin 158 connects the other end of thelink'159, and thelink 160, and serves as afhinge. The. other end of the link 160 is hinged to the shoe holder. 168 by the pin 16?, rigidly held in a boss 169 formed on one'end of a radius lever 170, journaled on the-spacer stud 18%. The hub of this radius lever isformed to extend be tween the carriageplat-es 130 and'131, and serve as a spacer, thus spacing the .platesat 132, 133 and 13st, and, forming a rigid carrings on which the mechanism for bending, is mounted. Rigidly secured to the top of the shaft 165, is the segment 180 adapted to engage another segment 181, journaled on a stud 182, projecting from thetop plate 130. of the carriage. Preferably engagement of the two segments is accomplished. by intermeshing teeth 183, but it is obvious that the object may be attained by other commonly known mechanical means. A stud 18%, projecting from the worm wheel 148, forms a journal for the friction roller 185,;whie-h is adapted to engage an arm 186, which extends laterally fromthesegment 181. As the worm wheel 1&8 is rotated,together with the cam 156, the peripheryof the cam engages the roller 15?, and the toggle joint above ."described, is straightened, which in turn causes the bending shoe to engagethe pipe or bar to be bent about the forming segment all; as the rotation oftheworm gear and cam] continues ,zthe arm 186 is'engaged by the roller 18.5,"and the segmentlSl is rotated on its bearing stud182. ilhroughthe intermeshing teeth, the segment lever 180 is rotated,- and "the shaft to which it is at-;

claim :5 i i tached ,thelink 159, rotating with the shaft, acts to'retract the shoe from its extreme bending position, and the swinging arm may be moved to a new position, preliminary toanother bending cycle. I do not confine myself: to. this method for retracting the shoe, but may use other means for oscillatingthe link 159, for this purpose. As it is desirable to use forming segments o'f dififerent shapes in the. forming groove, and of difl'erent radii of bend,.it is necessary that the carriage supporting the bending mechanism,fbe' adjustable on theswinging arm, relative to the post 26; As the position of the carriageon-the swinging arm isprede termined for any forming segment by its radine and sectional shape to be bent, the carriage maybe anchored radially for anysegment, by, means of an anchor stud 190 which passes" through aligned holes in the carriage plates 130-131 and plates 30- 31 of the swinging arm, strengthening. bosses being formed on the carriage plates.-

-A series'ot holes correspondingto the forming segments used, are providedin the swinging arm plates as indicated at193;

-In operating the machine, the proper.

forming segment is slid into place the hub engaging the post 26, and the supporting carriage and: the clamp carriage secured to the segment as described.v Collar. 110 is then adjusted to bear on the top of the hub 40. WVith the carriage on the swinging arm anchoredin the predetermined position for the segment used, andthe swinging arm in a radial position near the clamp carriage,

the motor is startechjandthrough the mechanism above-described, the pipe or baris bent, I

to an extent depending on the position of the swinging a'rm' radially. The continued rotation otthe operating mechanism retracts the shoe, and during this interval in the cycle of bending, the swinging arm is moved to a new radial position relative to the post I 26, preparatory to another bending opera tion. This proceeding is continued until the proper angle 0t. bend in the pipe or bar is obtained. 7

It is obvious, that while no connections to the motor are shown-wiring and switches may be ,used which are commonly used in slmilar cases, start1ng, st01 )p1ng and reversing ofthe motor all-being possible with apparatuscommercially obtainable. J Having thus described my invention,v I

.1. In a bending press, the combination of a rigid former; a shoe adapted to coact therewith; a lever swivelled at oneend to theshoe and at the'other rotatable on aiixed axis; a link, hinged at one end to the shoe, and'at its other end tokajlever rotatable about "a fixed axis; a rotatable cam, adapted toengage the hinge connecting the lever and link, for the purpose of rotating the lever,

and thereby,1through the link, causing the shoe to coact with the former; and means for rotating thecani, asand for the purpose described. 7 i

2. In a bending press, tliecombiiiation of a rigid former; a shoe" adapted to coact therewith; a lever 'swivelled at one end to the shoe and at the other rotatable on a fixed axis; a link, hinged at one end" to the shoe, and at itsother end to a lever rotatable abouta fixed axis; a rotatahle'cam, adaptedto' engage a frictionroller ournaledon the hinge pin connecting the lever and the-hnk, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and i i 'j Y thereby, through t e link, causing thesnoe toflcoact with the former; and means t'or rotating the cam, as and for the purpose described. p. j v V v 3. In a bending press the combination of 'arigid former; a carriage relativelyadjust able therewith; alever swivelled atone end to the shoe-and at the other'rotatable on an axis fixed relativeto' the carriage; ashoe adapted to coact *withthe former; a link, hinged at one endto the shoe, and at its other end' to a lever, rotatable onan axis,

fixed relativetothe carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage and adapted to engagea friction roller yournaled on the rhingepinconnecting the lever and the link,

for the purpose of rotating the lever and thereby, through the link, causing the shoe;

to coact with the former; and means for rotating the earn, as and for the purpose described. i a a 4;. In a bending press, the combination of a ri id former; a-carriage relatively adjust able therewith; a shoe, mounted on the carriage; means for controlling the movement of the shoe ina predetermined path in the directionof the former, for thepu'rpose of coacting therewith; a' link, hinged at one end to the shoe, and at its other end to a lever, rotatable on team, fixed relative to the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage and adapted to engage afric tion roller journaled on the hinge pin connecting the lever and. the link, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the linle cansing the shoe to coact with the former; and means for rotating the cam, as and for the purpose described.

5. 111 a-bending press, the combination arigid former a carriage relatively adjustabletherewith; a shoe adapted to coast with with the former; and means for rotating the cam, as and for the purpose described;

6. it bending press, comprising a base; a post rigid. therewith; interehangeable forming segn'ients rigidly supportedon the base, and substantially concentric with theuaxis oil? the post; an arm adapted to swing abmrt the axis of the post; acarriage mounted on the arm and. adapted to be secured thereto in different positions longitudinal ot'the arm;

a. shoc adapted to coact with the forming segment, and swiveled atone endto a lever rotatal'ile at its other end on an axis fixed relative to the carriage; a. link, hinged at one end to the shoe. and at its other end to a lver, rotatable on an axis, fixed relative to the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage and adapted to engage a triction roller journaled on the, hinge pin connecting the lever and the link, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the link, causing the shoe to coact with the former; and. means for rotating the cam, as and for the purpose described.

7. In a hendingpress the combination of a rigid former; a carriagerelatively adjustahle therewith; a shoe holder; interchangeable shoes adapted to be secured thereto; a lever swiveled to the shoe holder, and rotatably mounted on the carriage; a,

link, hinged at one end to the shoe holder, and at its other end to a lever, rotatably mounted on the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage and adapted to engage a friction roller journaled'pnthe hinge pinconnecting' the lever and the link, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the link, causing'the shoe to (-oact withthe former; and means for rotating the cam, as and for the purpose described.

8. A. bending press comprising a base; a post rigid therewith; interchangeable forming segments rigidly supported on the base, and substantially concentric with the axis of the post; a clamping device, supported by the base, and radii'illy adjustable relative to the post, torthe purpose of holding the pipe or bar to be bent in fixed relation to the forming segment; an arm :ulapted to swing about the axis of the post; a carriage mounted on the arm and adapted. to be -;e cured thereto in ditlerent positions longitudinal of the arm; a shoe adapted to court with the 'iorn'iing segment, and swiveled to lever rotatablv mounted on the carriage; a link, hinged at one end to the shoe, and at its other end to a lever, rotatable on an axis, fixed relative to the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage, and adapted to engage a friction roll r journaled on the hinge pin connecting the lever and the, link, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the link, causing the shoe to enact with the forming segment; and means for rotating the cam, as and forfthe purposedes died.

9. A bending press comprising a base; ,ZL postrigid therewith; a clamping device supported by the base and radialiy adjustable relative to the, post; interchangeabletormi n g segments, substanti ally concentric, with the axis of the post; means torsecuringthe clamping device to the forming segmen't for the purpose of holding the pipe orbar to be bent in. fixed relation to the" forming segment; an arm adapted'to swingabout the axis of the post; a carriage mounted on the arm and adapted to be Secured thereto in diil'crent positions longitudinalof the arm;

a shoe ad aptedto 'coact with the formin tive to theearriage; a cam rota-tably moimted on the carriage,.andadapted to engage a friction roller journalled on the hinge pin connecting the leverand the link,*fo'r the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the link, causingv the shoe to coact with the forming segment; *and means for riage, adapted to coact with a block mor ably supported onthle carriage, for the mpose of secure v holding thepipe' or bar to be bent; ii tercl'iangeable torming seg} ments, substantially concentric with the axis rotating the ca1n, as and torthe purposede of the post;means for securing theclarnpingdevice to the torniingsegment in a fixed relatioirthereto; means for rigidlydiolding the pipe or bar between-the extension; and the movable block of the clainpingdevice; an arm adapted to swing about theaxis of the post; a carriage mounted on the arm and adapted to be secured thereto in different positions longitudinal of the arm a shoe adapted to coact withthe forming segment, and swiveled to a lever, rotatably mounted on the carriage; a link, hingedat one end to the shoe, and at its other end to a lever, rotatably mounted on the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage, and adapted to engage a friction roller journaled ou the hinge pin connecting the lever and the link, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the link, causing the shoe to coact with the forming segment; and means for rotating the eam, as and for the purpose described.

11. A bending press comprising a base; a post rigid therewith; a clampingdevice com prising a carriage, radially adjustable rela- .it; supportsedjustably: secured to the base;

,tive to the post; an extension from the car riage, adaptedto coact With a blockmovably supported on the-carriage, both the-extension ,fromfthe carriage, and theblock 7 being adapted to engage interchangeable shoes formed to hold the'pipe or bar to be bent;

' interchangeable,forniing segments, substantiallyieoncentric. with the axis of the post;

means-for 'securing the clamping device to thedonning segment, in fixed relation thereto;; means,forkrigidly holding the pipe or bar between the shoes engaged hy-the extelislonf fronrtlie carriage and theblook, of a the 'clampingdejvice; an arm adapted to swing about the aXis' or the post; a carriage 'mo untedon the arm and adapted to besecured thereto in different posrtions long1tudinal of the ermyaushoe adapted to, coaot With/the formingsegment, and swiveled to a lever, rotatably mounted on the carriage;

a link, hinged at one end. to the shoe, and

i at the other end to a lever, rotatably mount,-

ed on the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the carriage, and adapted to engage a friction roller journaled on the hinge pin connecting-the lever and the linkffor the purpose of rotatingthelever,and thereby, through the link, causing the shoe to coact Withuthefforming segment; and'means for. rotating the cam, as and for the purpose described) i 12. Avbending press comprising a base; a

post rigid therewith; interchangeable. formingsegments substantially concentric With the axis-of the post,,and edeptedto engage means for securinglthe forming segments to the support and to the post, for the purpose of holding thesegments in a fixed position; Jan arm adapted to swingaabout the axisqof thepost; a carriage mounted on the arm and adapted 1 to be secured thereto in different positions longitudinal. of the, arm;

a. shoe edapted to coact With the forming segment, end swiveled to a lever, rotatably mounted on the carriage; a link,hinged at one end to the shoe, and at the other end toa lever, rotatably mounted on the carriage; a cam rotatably mounted on the car- .riege, andadapted to engage a friction roller journaled on the hinge pin connectingithe lever and the link, for the purpose of rotating the lever, and thereby, through the link,

causingnthe shoe to coact with the forming segmentyand means for rotating the'cam, as and torthe purpose described. e

13. In a bending press, the combination of e'rigid formena shoe adapted tocoac-t therewith; a lever swivelled at one end to the shoe and at' the other end rotatable on a fiXed aXis;-a jlink, hinged at one end to theshoe, and at its other end to e leverrotatable about a fixed axis; arotateble cam,

adapted to engage a frictionroller journaled on the hinge pin connecting the lever and lever, andthereby, through the link, cansing the shoe to coaot Withtheiormer; means for retracting the shoe from the former; and meansfm rotating the cam, as and'for the purpose described.

14:. In a bending press thecombinetion of i andmeans for rotating the cam, as andfor V the purpose described. a

I FRED W. MGARDLE.

the link,- for the purpose of rotating the

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