US1384380A - Gas-purifier - Google Patents

Description

C. BOURBON.

GAS PURIFIER. APPLICATION FILED rea. 2a. 1920.

Patented July 12, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l. I

. C. BOURDON.

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CHARLES BouRnoN, or Vmais,` FRANCE.

GAS-rommelt.

To allfwlwmz'tmcy concern: Y

Be it known that I, CHARLES BOURBON, of Paris, France, residing at 'Paris,.1 Boulevard Beausjour', have invented new and useful Improvements in Gas-Purifiers, of

which the following is a specification.

The present invention has for its'object a `purifying apparatus applicable to any gas containing solid matter in suspension and particularly gaseous products resulting from combustion or from` various industries, for the purpose of extracting the solid materials which contaminate the gases, when purified manner as'to segregate by the action of centrifugal force the solid particles carried into an appropriate receptacle associated with thefan, and to conduct them tothe outside by an appropriate conduit. i

The drawing attached to thedescription, shows by'wayof example', one form of apparatus constructed in accordance with the fpresentinvention.`

Figure l is a view in longitudinal sectional elevation. Fig. 2 is a view ofpart of thefan showing the mode of arranging the conduitservingto discharge at the outside of the apparatus the solid products extracted from the treated gases. V f

Figs. Band l represent vertical sections, taken at rightangljes to each other, of a modified formofthe/apparatus.

The same letters of reference denote respectively the sameparts in kFigsl and 2 and Figs. 3 and 4. A On` referring to seen that the principalpart of the appa- "ratuswhich forms the object ofthejpresent invention is constituted' by a i"otary-iiauV or turbine A of whichfthecentral partis analogous to that of a `centrifugal force fan `of ordinary type, butvvhose periphery is closed by a convex rim B obtained by connecting extensions` ofthe walls of the turbine. i The l gas on entering the turbine isv hurled toi. Specification of Letters Patent. 1921;

' ,Application led February 28,1920. Serial No.` 362,094.

influence-ef i centrifugal force all'the particles which it holds in suspension, project-r which has on uits yside a tubular outlet E,

which fits into the inlet in the fan. The

lduct D may have at its upper part a valve F 'associated' vwith a system of counterweights whichI permit it `togbe raised. If,as in the case illustratechall the partsare disposed at 'the foot of achimney opening' into ""theatmosphere or adjoining the conduits where the gas is distributed to the apparatus in which it is to beutilized, the direct evacuation can be effected by raising the valve; if on `the 4coi/itrary thislatter is loweredon to the top of the sheet metal flue D, itis kept tightly against its seating' by the suc- 'tlon of the fan which draws 'inthe gas arriving by flue D, saidfan operatingunder the l action of centrifugal forceto extract from Athe gas theparticles which itcontainsvin suspension, after which the 'gas flows into and `through the chimney which discharges itinto the atmosphere or leads it toapparatus wh'erein'it 1s utilized. 'pose the fan' v'1s connected to a circular open- For this puring arranged at the bottom of the chimney and provided with a circular anglering a which constitutes together with a similarly `shaped ring 5, fixedto ,the wallofthe turbine orwithv any' otherdevice, alapped joint between the turning part and the fixed aart, whichgomt can be rendered vgastight )y means of'any appropriatepacking.

Thering b reinforcing the wall of the turbine and `tending to prevent its defer mation by centrifugal iforce, allows of a large"outlet openinglH being rovidedwithout inconvenience,` by whicht ie purifiedv gas Figs. l and 2,it'will be j f into AtheV atmosphere orconducted to appa' i canbe madelo circulate'and be evacuated ratus wherein it is utilized. `Angle ring c canbe used iinecessary to reinforce the rim ,BV' "at'fitsextremity,`4 and servestozlreep to-r gether the fparts constituting it.v 1

, 'It may be'remarked here'that this open- Vat-very low speed and under c'onditionsivery` the vcarrying fan, and Whose extremity slightlyvwidened purified gas doesnot have tofbe cooled, ad- .vantage can betaken ofthrowing the disout approaches Vas near as possible'the Wall off the-rim. All matter collected in this part of the' apparatus isdrawn intok this pipe 'during the operation of the fan and expelled .towardz' the exterior. y

This discharge will occur so much the moreaenergetically as the fansystem under :the ,combined-action of 'the circumferential speedofthe turbine and centrifugal force ,gives `a pressure double :of lthat obtained YWith ordinary fans.

Moreover, if-.asifrequentlyhappens it becomes .necessary to. ,cool the gas; at the same atimelthatit-ispurified there is addedto the apparatus a device for injecting Watermore `or lessabundantly,which can be-done veryV `easilyylat the center of the; turbine bymeans :of :a pipeK. This vvater Wouldbe evacuatedat the same ,time `as the productsv from 3 the purification by the .pipe I.

vIt Will thus be seen'ithatpurification can beeffectedat Will either dry or Wet. If the charge frompipe I intoafreceptacle adapted forfretaining `the sediment so Athat the Water can be recoveredl and returnedv to the fan, and thus Amaterially `reduce the con- ;sumption. 'TVVhen the; gas .I to be purified `is wvvarinthe Vvvater Will rapidly reach a tempermade use of.

atureivvhich'` causes agreater or-less liberation of steam, which `1n certain ,cases can be `17V iththearrangement, as described, it is evident that in operating boilers Withforced draftinstead ,of under pressure, in which case4 great diiiculties occurA in charging the ',grates, itis possible to utilize. the aspiration zactiongofv the presentA invention and effect lat thexsame time a certainamount `of purifica- :tion of the smoke.

'It-is not certain'l that, even by giving.' to the fan-a sufficiently 'high speed, Vthere Vcan bef-.separated from the smoke products of Adark color .which are so to spealrtarv inv a state of vapor disseminated the cumbus- .tion gases,but vthe solid particles, even if itheyfare lightyareqseparated by increasing to? a` suitablek extent thespeed of the fan.

It ,isl particularly possible by this process toy avoid the discharge-'of fine cinders ,which results especially; at the moment of cleaning Iout, thegrates in' installations Where, in orderj to avoid .very .blacksmoke, light :and dry combustible materials such -as cokev and anthracite coal fare burned. 4These cinder discharges give rise continually in towns to complaints by the inhabitants living near factories where steam generators are installed in which combustibles of this nature are used.

'The modification represented in Figs; 3

`and "Ll'comprises more particularly va device in which, on the onehand, the expulsion of the dust,.instea`d ofbeing effected in a con- Y.

tinuous manner as is the-case in Figs. land '2, is brought about in an intermittent mannerand atmore or lessfrequent intervals Experience has shown, vin` fact, that Y' it` is not necessary .to extract the dust-in conV tinuous manner, because. the dust is instantaf neouslyexpelledinsuch a great mass .as

`soon asthe layer which accumulates inthe vrim of the fan hasasuflicientthiclness that it only needs aifew seconds. to` expel the dust which has beenv extracted from large massesV of gas, even when, very much loaded With dust. A 1

In Figs. Sand 4, z' denotes a drum replacing the tube l inFigs. l and 2; this drum, which is fixed, ismounted on the conduit el for, the admissionofgas to bepurified, and

it carries internally a-pocket havingvat its base an orificey' for egress of dust, the upperY part being closed by a valve t Whose formAis vsuch that When it 'isk closed it coincides With .the periphery of the drum, Whilewhen it is open it terminates close to the internal peripherynf the rim b` of the fan', A mechanism f comprising Vthe :two levers m, n, of which theA one m is. mounted on the axis ofV rotation of the .valvet While the other 'n is .keyed toa horizontal shaft o extending into `:the fan throughthe outlet openingV IL for the lpurified gas, permits of bringingY the end a of thevalve as near Yas possible the internal Wall of the rim when it is consideredlthat ,the mass of dustisof suflicient thickness. toA .bei expelled.

The angulardisplacement ofthe levers 'm and n is limited by stops l, 2.

From the preceding description it-.Will be seen thatthe valve tfulils;thedouble'function ofrcapturingqthe dust. and. blocking the escape of the gasduring1theperiods of interruption Vin the expulsion 'of Y the` dust. 'With this arrangement, theregshouldbe, in

principle, an intermittent discharge, but it- -may be continuous incase of necessity, v VThe operation of the valve will be effected at intervals,vpractice determining the frequency,

according as the gasisimore or lesscharged vvith.` dust, anditmay Abe brought aboutby `:hand: or mechanically by ,-a ,devicey connected to4 be actuated by the movement ofthe tur bine.

j It isimportant to afford thepurifiedgas the greatest facility possible :for regress, for n ,thishasfnaturally 1agreataeffect on theoutput of the turbine; Byreason of the conatvvill,the device onthe other hand facili- Y tating the discharge off-the purified gas.

siderable volumes of gas which have to be purified in metallurgical works, it is as well to push this output as nearly as possible to the limit at which there is the risk of drawing in dust into the purified gas. If, to Iavoid drawing in dust, a very large diameter is not given to the outlet h, there will be two causes for the reduction of the Output, one being that which brings about the return of the gas :from the periphery toward the cen ter, a iiowing back which creates a compres sion naturally opposed to the flow, while the other pertains to the centrifugal force which tends always to lead toward the periphery the mass of gas which is in the turbine on the outlet side thereof, so that it is only under the influence of a preponderance of this centrifugal action on the gas entry side that evacuation occurs.

Compression resulting from the flow of the gas toward the center is obvi'ated by giving to the inner wall of the turbine a flared form, as shown in Fig'. 3, which can be so accentuated that at any distance from the center the section remains constant.

On the other hand, the action of centrifugal force, on the outlet side is suppressed by means of fixed vanes u of appropriateform mounted on the wall of the drum z', whose length is such as to leave some space between their edges and the wall of the turbine. Likewise the replacing of the median wall, which exists in .the iirst device, with the drum requires the mounting of vanes 'v overhanging the wall of the turbine at the gas entry side, also with some space between their edges and the wall of the drum.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of: the said invention and in what manner it is to be performed, l. claim as my inventionl. An apparatus for purifying gas containing solid particles in suspension, coniprising a blast fan for such gas having a convex rim formed by the union of the walls of the 'fan and providing a peripheral receptacle to collect the solid particles separated by centrifugal force from the gas; a chimney for the gas discharged by the fan; a supply conduit for the gas; to be purified disposed in said chimney; a pipe connecting the supply conduit and the fan inlet; a valve I enabling the passage of the gas alternatively through the supply conduit directly into the chimney, or through said connecting pipe into the fan, said fan having an outlet opening communicating with the chimney; and a spiral discharge pipe for the separated solid particles arranged within the fan and curving' in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the fan, said spiral pipe terminating at one end ina flared inlet mouth which is located in close proximity to the wall of said rim to collect said particles from the rim. 'i

2. An apparatus for purifying gas containing solid particles in suspension, comprising a hollow element having a convex rim wherein the solid particlesseparated by centrifugal force from the gas accumulate; means for rotating said element; a fixed drum mounted interiorly of said element; a pocket in the upper yportion of the drum to receive the solid particles from said rim, said pocket having an opening in its lower portion for discharging said particles; a valve arranged in the upper portion of the drum for alternatively opening and closing the entrance to said pocket, said valve adapted to catch said particles and deflect them into said pocket when open; and means for operating said valve.

3. In a gas-purifying apparatus, the combination of a hollow rotary element; a fixed drum therewithin, said drum having an internal pocket provided with a discharge opening; means for controlling communication between'the interior of the hollow element and said pocket; and a plurality of vanes mounted on the wall of said drum with their edges spaced from the wall oi' saidl hollow element to overcome the action of centrifugal force on the outlet side.

4. In a gas-purifying apparatus, the combination of la hollow rotary element; a fixed drum therewithin, vsaid drum having an internal pocket provided with a discharge opening; means for controlling communication between the interior of the hollow element and said pocket; and a plurality of vanes `overhanging the wall ot' said hollow element on the gas entry side with their edges spaced from the wall of said drum.,

5. In a gas-purifying apparatus, the combination of' a hollow rotary element; a fixed drum therewithin, said drum having an internal pocket provided with a discharge opening; means for controlling communication between the interior of the hollow element and said pocket; a plurality of vanes mounted on the wall of said drum with their ,edges spaced from the wall of said hollow element to overcome the action of centrifugal force on the outlet side; and a plurality of vanes overhanging the wall of said hollow element on the gas entry side with their edges spaced from the wall of said druni.

In testimony whereof `I have signed my name in presence of two witnesses.

y oininnns BounDoN. Witnesses JULES FAYETTE, y ANDR BonDILLo.

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