US1341258A - Coke-oven - Google Patents

Description

H. W. BUHLER.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23, 1911.

1,341,258. Patented May 25,1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

INVENTOR ,4 TTORNE Y H. W. BUHLER.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 1911.

341,258. Patented May 1920.

5 SHEETS T 3- 2.9a INVENTOR /7a g 5 28 27 v i5 d a 28 ATTORNEY COKE OVEN.

Patented May 25,1920;

\ 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

H. W. BUHLER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 1911.

' ATTORNEY H. w. BUHLER.

COKE OVEN.

0 2 9 1 5 2 W M m m a P. P aw W D H N 0 H A w H P A 5 SHEETSSHEET 5- INVENTOR HENRY W. BUHLER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

COKE-OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25, 1920.

Application filed February 23, 1917. Serial No. 150,579.

To (.465 whom it may concern Be it known that l, HENRY \V. BUHL'ER, a citizen of the United States of America, re siding at Boston, county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in oke-Ovens, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the utilization of highly combustible, or quickly burning fuels, such as coal gas, in situations where it is desiralde to extend the area of combustion beyond the zone or limits in which it would. normally occur if a jet of pure were employed with ordinary air, preheated or not, as a supporter of such combustion.

In the practice and use of industrial turnaces, it is frequently necessary to secure a long, even flame of combustion. This is particularly true of coke ovens which are constantly increasing in. size and of which the con'ibustion chambers must be correspondingly lengthened or heightened. In the useot coal gas, the combustion does not normally take place at a uniform rate, but is usually most intensive near the burners, or, in other words, the first point of contact of the gas and air. From the initial point of combustion, the intensity of combustion falls off more or less rapidly according to the character of the burners and the method of combining the combustible and oxidizing agent.

The particular object of this invention is to secure in a coke oven of any type having either horizontal or vertical fines, with or without regeneration or recuperation, means for producing a long, smooth flame which will give such a distribution otl': heat throughout the length of the heating fines as may be desired. In some types of coke ovens, it may be necessary to have the most intense combustion near the burner, andv in others, at the point farthest removed from the burners. The process constituting the principal feature of my present invention permits the regulation of the flame so that at will its character may be changed to suit the conditions and design of the coking structure or other heating apparatus employed. By my invention this result is accomplished by suitably diluting the highly combustible as at the nozzle of the burner or before the nozzle is reached, with a practically inert gas whereby the rapidity of combustion is delayed. While my invention may be put into operation with many different forms of apparatus, two Off the best forms of such apparatus at present known to me are illus trated in the accompanying drawings in whichk u Figure 1 a section on the line 44-13 of 1 1g. 2, and G-H of Fig. 4, and shows a vertical section through the gas burners and flues alternately used for air and gas or for wastegas.

, Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line KL of Fig. 1 and C-D of Fig. 4, looking to the left, the section plane passing through a heating flue to which gas and air are being supplied. i

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line M-N oi. Fig. 1 and E-F of Fig. 4, looking to the left, the section plane passing through a heating line from which waste gas is being discharged.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line l--J of Fig. 1, looking downward, and shows the staggering of the air and gas connections in the base of the heating flues, the dotted arrows indicating the direction of flow of the materials for, and products of combustion.

Figs. 1 to 4 illustrate the application of my invention to a coking apparatus of the type shown in my pending application Serial. No. 144,961, filed Jan. 47, 1917.

Fig. is a vertical section through Fig. (i on the line A-B, looking to the right.

Fig. 6 is a partial end view or elevation of Fig. 5, and (so far as the portion to the left of line X-Y is concerned) a vertical section on line R-S of F ig. These figures of drawing illustrate the application of my invention to a coking apparatus of the type shown in my U. S. Patent No. 1,814,841, dated Oct. 28, 1919.

Throughout the drawings like reference 4 characters indicate like parts.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, coking-cham' hers 1, are formed by a plurality of Walls 2. Bonding walls 5, and 5, (connecting walls 2, 2) form a series of vertical heating fines 3 and 4. These tlues are connected and operated in pairs, as shown in Fig. 1, and as described in. my application Serial No. 144,961. Access to the fines is had through the top 11, of the even by means of ports 9, closed by covers 10. At the top of each pair of lines is a connecting passage or port 7, formed in extensions 6, of the bonding walls the area of which may be Varied by adjustment of the movable damper 8.

Gas for combustion may be taken from the storage holder 23, by means of pipe 24, and branch pipes 25 and 25, each of which supplies one of two series or burners. Gas main 25, supplies pipes 27, and burners 29, controlled by cocks 28. These burners 29, ultimately discharge into flues 4, 4. Gas main 25, through gas cock 28, and pipe 27, supplies burners 29, which ultimately discharge into flues 3, 3. Gas mains 25, and 25, each have a regulating valve 26, and 26. Burners 29, primarily discharge into mixing chambers 14, formed in the outer concentric pipes 14, and burners 29, primarily discharge into similar mixing chambers 14 in pipes 14. A removable nozzle 13, rests on the open end of each outer pipe 14, and a similar nozzle 13, on each pipe 14. These nozzles and the extensions of pipes 14, 14, beyond the ends of burners 29, and 29, form the mixing chambers 14.

The diluent gas may be conveniently taken from the chimney fine 22, by means of an exhauster 21, which supplies main 20, having two branches 18 and 18, controlled by valves 19, 19, which supply each one of the two series of pipes 14, 14, through regulating cocks 17 and 17, and branch pipes 16, 16. These pipes 14, 14, are inserted in vertical passageways 12, 12, in the bottom walls of the fines, communicating with the heating flues 3 and 4. These passageways are closed at their lower ends by covers 15, 15. Nozzles 13, 13, discharge into the passageways 12, 12, at points below the base of the heating fines.

In the arrangement shown in the drawings, Figs. 1 to 4, valve 26, is supposed to be open and gas flowing through burners 29, to flues 4. Air for combustion then enters through sole flue 30, and is delivered to each vertical fine 4, through passageways 31, 32, and bore 33, of flue connection 34, inserted in vertical passageway 35, through the bottom wall of the fine. 34, is held in place by a plug' 36, which, together with cap 37, closes the lower portion of passageway Parts marked 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37, performsimilar functions cotiperating with burners 29., when they are supplied with gas through main 25, to produce combustion in lines 3, 3, during the other cycle of operation of this reversible apparatus. In these figures showing the materials for combustion being fed up into fines 4, the gases of combustion are shown passing from flues 4, through ports 7, into and down through flues 3, so that passages 33, 32, 31, serve as an outlet for the burnt gasesto collecting flue 30, and no gas is supplied to burners 29, valve 26, being closed.

The operation oi this apparatus according to my method is as follows:

Combustion takes place in the heating fines 4, and the waste products pass down and out of heating lines 3. From the gas holder 23, through mains 24, and 25, branch pipes 27, and burners 29, is admitted to the upper part or mixing chamber 14*", of each pipe 14. The amount of gas admitted to pipe 25, which supplies the gas for one oven may be regulated by cook 26, and the amount of gas admitted to each burner may be regulated by the branch cocks 28. From the chimney flue 22, or any other convenient source by means of the exhauster 21, diluent main 20, and branch main 18, the (liluent waste gas which is practically incombnstible is admitted to each mixing chamber 14, through branch pipes 16, controlled by cock 17, and vertical pipe 14.

In the mixing chambers 14, the combustible gas and diluent gas are thoroughly mixed, the stream of combustible gas being forced into the body of diluent gas in mixing chambers 14", and the mixture so formed, and rising through the nozzle 13, and passageway 12, is disclmrged-into heating flue 4.

Preheated air for combustion enters through the sole flue 30, passageways 31, 32, and bore 33, oi? flue connection 34, and, coming in contact with the diluted combustible gas, combustion begins in the heating fine 4, continues up that flue, through connecting passageways or ports 7, and down heating line 3, the waste products of combustion being discharged into bore 33, of flue comiection 34 and through passageways 32 and 31, into sole flue 30, which is serving as a collecting fine for the two sets of combustion lines on either side the oven 1, above it.

l pon reversal, the directions of flow of all materials and products of combustion are reversed in the manner usual in reversible regenerative ovens. all as set forth in my pending application Serial No. 144,961.

W'hile ordinarily the diluent waste gas is supplied only to the set of burners in operation, it may become advisable to inject diluent waste gas into all burners continuously, so that during the period of oil gas all the mixing chambers 14, nozzles 13 and 13, and. passages 12, and 12. may

be scavenged. In such case the diluent gas supplied to the fines from which burnt gases are being discharged will simply pass over directly to the waste gas outlets as indicated by curved arrows in Fig. 3. This will also serve to reduce the temperature of the outlet passages if the waste gases are overheating them.

It will be seen that by this arrangement it is possible to regulate at will the amounts each of combustible gas, diluent inert gas and air for combustion. (the latter by variable sized flue connections serving as airnozzles 34, and 34) so that the character and rate of combustion and amplitude of flame in the heating fiues may be varied as desired. All the nozzles, tubes, valves, 'etc., of the combustible gas, diluent inert gas, and air supply connection may be easily removed and inspected and burnt-out pieces replaced.

By making the fines 3 and 4, of elongated cross section and placing the fuel inlets near one end and the air inlet near the other end of each flue cross section, as shown in Fig. 4, it is possible to separate these inlets by a considerable distance and this also tends to delay or prolong combustion, thus extending the zone of combustion farther up the flue and disseminating the heat more Widely.

In Figs. 5 and 6 are shown similar coking chambers ll, til, which are, however, heated by a series of superimposed horizontal heating flues 42, formed by walls 43, and 44;. These heating lines 42, communicate with a vertical fine 49, through re stricted ports 48, formed in end walls -15. The area of the cross section of the ports 48, may be varied by movable dampers 46, held in place by projections 47, and operated through the passageway 51, in the top wall or roof 53. Passageway 51, is normally closed; by dampers 50, and 52. The products of combustion pass down flue 49, are discharged through an outlet dampered by tile 54, all as described in my pending application Serial No. 144,170.

Diluent gas is supplied to the heating fines 42, from the mains 55, through branch pipes 56, regulated by cocks 57, and nozzles 58, into mixing chamber 59". This diluent gas may be taken as before from a chimney flue by a fan not shown. Combustible gas is supplied by main 60, from which it is distributed to each of the heating flues by branch pipes 61, controlled by cocks ('32, and burners 59. Mixing chambers 59', discharge into refractory nozzles 63, having orifices 64.

Air for combustion is supplied to each flue from a vertical air channel 65, by means of ports 67, controlled by dampers 66. This air may or may not be pre-heated, as desired.

The process as applied to such a coke oven with horizontal heating fines shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and above described briefly, is the same as that previously described with regard to its use with reversible regenerative ovens, except that in this example the flow of gas is positive, continuous and not reversible, and a 'jet or stream of diluent gas is discharged into a concentric body oi combustible gas in each mixing chamber 59", instead of the reverse arrangement described with reference to chamber 14!.

Combustible gas from the main 60, in regulated amounts is delivered into the mixing chambers 59", Diluent inert gas supplied from main 55, in regulated quantity is also delivered into the mixing chambers 59. This becoming thoroughly intermingled with the combustible gas, the mixture is discharged through orifices (34, of nozzles 63, into the heating lines 4.2, where it meets the air for combustion delivered through ports (57, and combustion takes place along the entire length of the heating fines 42. The products of combustion pass out through the dampered ports 48, and down. the vertical line l9. As in the previous case described with reiiirence to Figs. 1 to 4i, the quantities of diluent inert gas and air supplied to each burner may be regulated at will so that the rate, character and fll'lli llltiltlk of combustion may be controlled throughout the length of the heating fines.

The great ad 'antage of my proce the complete control oi the chi. i location of comliustion which it gives without adding to the work thrown upon. the rcgenerators or recnperators. The amount oi? air required to support (.Ollll'llltltlOll of a given amount 0'! fuel designed. to produce a, given amount of heat in the combustion fines is not increased. Conseipu-intly, the standard practice may be followed in designing the regenerators and. recuperators, gas mains and burners and all other parts of the plant, and costs kept down to s'aimlard figures. All that is necessary is to add the s at em oi piping and the exhauster required to draw a small quantity of waste from the chimney flue and deliver it to the burners or fuel mains. The volume of diluent gas required will rarely exceed that of the combustible gas and usually will be less. It will not therefore increasi the volume of materials for combustion. delivered to the heating fines and the volume of products of combustion, more than 15 per cent over the figures applying where the same quantity of fuel is burned under standard practice. Usually the increase will. be much less than 15 per cent, and no increase in size o'l eon'ibustion fines or other passages will be necessary. The rate or speed of combustion can be, however, cut down about one half and the completion o'l. oxidation of the fuel. thereby dela-yed until the outlet from the fines is reached, or nearly reached, so that all portions of the adj acent retorts are evenly heated by the extended zone of combustion so created. If on the other hand this result were sought to be obtained by diluting the air with an inert (instead of diluting the combustible as in my invention) the volume of gases created would be increased nearly 1.00 per cent and much larger flues and much larger regenerators' or reeuperators would have to be built, and about five times as large a volume of diluent gas would have to be handled by the fan. In contrast to all this, my invention can be applied to existing coking apparatus without changing the existing structure, only a little extra piping and a small fan or exhauster being required in addition to the old plant.

I wish it understood that various changes can be made in the details of construction here shown and described without departing from the substance of my invention so long as the general principles oi operation and coaction of parts herein set forth are preserved.

Having described my invention, 1 claim:

1. In a heating apparatus the combination of a central vertical burner tube open at the top, a source of combustible gas, means connecting the burner at its bottom to said source of combustible gas, an outer concentric burner having its upper end projecting beyond the inner tube, a source of practically inert diluent gas, and means connecting the loWer end of said outer tube to said source of diluent gas.

2. In a heating apparatus the combination of a central vertical burner tube open at the top, a source of combustible gas, means connecting the burner tube at its bottom to said source of combustible gas, an outer concentric burner tube having its upper end projecting beyond the inner tube, a source oil? practically inert diluent gas, and means connecting the lower end of said outer tube to said source of? diluent gas, together with a valve in each connecting means.

3. In a heating apparatus the combination of a central. vertical burner tube open at the top, a. source 011? combustible gas, means connecting the burner tube at its bottom to said source of combustible gas, an outer roncentric burner tube having its upper end projecting beyond the inner tube, a source of practically inert diluent gas, and means connecting the lower end of said outer tube to said source of diluent gas, together with a nozzle of refractory material mounted in the upper end of the outer tube.

In a heating apparatus the combination of a central vertical burner tube open at the top, a source of combustible gas, means connecting the burner tube at its bottom to said source of combustible gas, an outer concentric burner tube having its upper end projecting beyond the inner tube, a source of practically inert diluent gas, and means eonnecting the lower end of said outer tube to said source of diluent gas, together with a removable nozzle of refractory material mounted in the upper end of the outer tube.

HENRY lV. BUHLER.

Images