US1332968A - Mechanism for forming gears - Google Patents

Description

F. F. BEALL.

MECHANISM FOR FORMING GEARS.

7 APPLICATION FILED APR. 29. I918- I 1,332,968. Patented Mar. 9,1920. 2 SHEETS-SHEET l- F. F. BEALL.

MECHANISM FOR FORMING GEARS.

APPLICATION'FILED APR. 29, ms.

"1,332,968. Patented Mar.9,1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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umTEI STATES-PATENT onFroE.

warm; 1*. BE LL, onnnraornvi cnrean, Assreivoa TO PACKARD MOTOR can oo rANY, or nnrnorr uronienn, A CORPORATION 01* MICHIGAN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

MECHANISM ron- FORMING I G ARS. 7

Original application filed December 23,1914, Serial No. 878,733. Divided and this application filed April This application is a division of application Serial No. 878,733 filed December 23,

1914-, patented May'27, 1919, No. 1,30 ,050.v

This invention relates to mechanism for :tormmg gears. 1

One object of this invention is to provide a machine for forging or pressing gearsinto shape as distinguished from cutting or casting them. 7

Other objects will appear from an examination of the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which form part of the specification and.

in which Figure 1 is an elevationv of a drop forge hammer of the type used for roughing out the gear blank;

' Fig. 2' is an elevation of a press adapted for carrying out one of the pressingoperations of'the invention;

vention Fig. 3 .is a press similar to that shownin Fig. 2 and is adapted for carrylng out another of the presslng operat1ons of the 111- Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section through the roughing die showing it in operating relatlon with the gear blank;

Fig.5 is an end View of the die and blanl shown in Fig. 4;

6 is a view similar to Fig. 4: showing the finishing die; y I

Fig. 7 is anend view of the die and blank shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical section through one of the die presses showing the blank in position;

Fig. 9 1s a plan View or horizontal section on the line 99 of Fig. 8 M

Fig. 10 isan enlarged side view. of a part of one of the die presses showing the l0cat-.

ing lever in position; p

F1g.w11 1s an enlarged perspective view of the locating lever; and

Fig, 12 is atransverse section through the head of the locating lever.

remove the excess metal.

. 29, 1918. Serial No. 231,423.

In the form of the invention particularly set forth herein, agear blank havinga plain face is drop forged, is then placed in a die press where a roughing die forms teeth of abnormal thickness and preferably of less hei ht than the required finished tooth, is thensubjected to a second die pressing op eration in which a finishing die compresses the thick teeth to the desired contour and forces excess metal outwardly beyond the normal tops and perhaps at the ends of the teeth, and is then machined or ground to The last step is theyhardeningof the finished gear. Gears made by this method will be found in most cases to be accurate enough for the-finest work, but if desired a finishing cut may be made on the faces of the teeth'before hardeningto give a still greater degree of accuracy. 1 p

A. gear made in accordance withthe above referred'to method comprises teeththe faces Patented. Mar. 9,1920.

of which are compressed and die finished leaving the metal denser at and adjacent said faces, and the'tops and ends of which have a cut. finish where the excess metalhas been removed either byv machiningor grinding.

The drawings illustrate suitable ma:

chinery .for making gears likethat above-descrlbed. With some metals and with. some sizesof gears the various forging and pressing steps may be carried out with one heating of the blank. 'For this purpose a suitable drop hammer 40 andtwo presses or similar machines 41 and 4-2 should be grouped together so that the gear blank may first be forged at its greatest, heat bythedrop hammer 40, then transferred immediately to the press41 where it receives the roughing operation, and then placed in the press 42 to be pressed under the finishing die. Under certain. circumstances, however, it may be desirable to reheat the blank between either thefirst and second or the second and third operations, or both. Also it will be understood that asingle press. may be used instead of two presses by changing dies between operations, but this might/necessitate reheating ofthe blank in. all. cases.

Also, a single die pressing operation is suffrcient for some gears, the finishingdiej being,

used followingctheforging. operation;

The drop hammer 40 may be a steam hammer as shown and the dies 43 and 44: are shaped to produce the blank B. The die block 43 is thestationary die and the die 4a is reciprocated toward and from the die 13 by the piston rod and its piston op erating in the steam cylinder 46. The presses 41 and 42 shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are identical except in the forms of their upper dies. In each, 47 represents the lower or stationary die resting on the table 48 and L9 is the press ram or support for the upper or movable die. The rain is operated by hydraulic pressure through a piston in the cylinder 50.

The press 41 has the roughing die 51 secured to its ram, and as the die moves downwardly its space forming parts 52 press into the blank B as shown in Figs. 4: and 5, forming thick and comparatively low teeth as shown in Fig. 5. The press l2-has the finishing die 53 secured to its rain, and as this die descendsupon the blank that has been transferred from the press 41 the abnormally'thick teeth are compressed between the space forming parts 54: of this die as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, thus con- (lensing the metal along the tooth faces. In

' this operation there is a slight excess of metal which is allowed to flow beyond the normaltops of the teeth and outwardly to a limited extent at the ends of the teeth.

More particularly referring to the presses, attention is called to the further showing in Figs. 8 to 12 inclusive. The gear blank B is shown inposition in the depression 59 in the die block 47. with a central bore 60 to receive a centering stud or pilot 61 extending from the center of the ram 49 and die 53. The die. block 47 also has a series ofprojections 62 at the edge: of the depression 59 for supporting the ends of the teeth of the gear durlng the pressing operat1on,-1t bemg understood that the inner faces of these projections are positioned slightly removed' from the'blank so that the metal of the teeth may be pressed outwardly a little beyond normal and later removed. The spaces 63 between the pro jections 62 provide clearance for the outer ends of the space forming parts M of the die 53 as the die descends vertically to form the gear. .7 p

In addition to the pilot 61 extending fromthe upper die53, the latter is provided with a presser plate 64- which has a series of bolts 65 forming a sliding connection between the die and the plate. Springs 66 surround the bolts'65 and tend to press the plate downwardly away from the die. this movement being limited by the heads of the bolts striking. the shoulders 67 in the bores'68 in which thebolts operate." This presser "plate" 6% follows the pilot 61 incontaeting with the blank during the descent of the tionary die block 47 at T2.

' roughed out blank. V The lever 711s shown in full lines in- The latter is formed ram and the springs hold the blank yield- "ingly in the depression 59 in position to be acted upon by the die 53. The plate, like the die 47, is formed at its edge with a series of projections 69 for supporting the inner endsof the teeth of thegear during the pressing operation, and the spaces 70 between the projections 69 provide for die clearance the same as spaces 63.

Means are provided for accurately locat in the blank it is necessary that the blank should be properly located under the second die so that the space forming parts of the second die will accurately enter the spaces already roughly formed in the blank. In

the present invention this circumferential positioning is done by a locating lever. 71 which may be pivoted as shown to the sta- The head 7 3 of this lever has a groove niche of its operatlng faces and a tooth on the opposite face and in the form shown the groove '74 is in its upper face and is adaptedto receive one of the teeth or space forming parts 54 of the die 53, and the tooth 75 is in its lower face and is adapted to engage in one of the spaces between the teeth. of the Fig. 8 in inoperative position and in dotted blank in proper circumferential relation to the die 53. Fig. 9 shows the lever inoperative and Fig. 10 shows how it lines up the teeth and spaces of the die. and blank re spectively. in operation, the blank is roughly positioned by hand with the tooth 75 oft-he locating lever in one of the tooth spaces of the blank, The ram ;is then brought down slowly until one of 'the die teeth enters the groove 74 and thereby definitely and accurately locates the blank under the pressure plate. Then the ram is raised suh'iciently to permit the lever 71 to be removed and then brought down for the pressing operation.

The lever 71 may be manually'operated by a pivotally connected hand-lever 76 mounted on the die block l'ffas'by a link 77 and bracket 78. A spring 79 retracts the hand lever 7 6 and keeps the lever 71 normally in the inoperative position shown in full lines Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is .1. In a machine of the class described, in

' combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, means for operating the die, and means to support the ends of the teeth formed in the blank.

2. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, means for operating the die, and means to support both the inner and the outer ends of the teeth formed in theblank; V

-3. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, means for operating the die and means formed integral with the support for supporting the ends of the teeth formed in the blank. 4. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support, a presser plate for holding the blank on said support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, said support and presser plate having projections for supporting the ends of the teeth formed in the blank and spaces between said projections to receive the teeth of said die, and means for operating said die. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support, a presser plate for holding the blank on said support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, said teeth being longer and extending beyond the ends of said tooth spaces, and

said support and presser platehaving pro-v ections for supporting the ends ofvthe teeth formed in the blank and spaces between said projections to receive the extended ends of said die teeth.

6. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a support for an annular blank, a die, a locating member, means adapted to move the locating member between the die and blank to circumferentially position the latter relative to the former, and means for operating the die.

7. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, a locating member, means adapted to move the locating member between the die and the blank for positioning'the latter relative, to the former, and means for operating the die.

8. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to, form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, a, locating member having a tooth adapted to enter a space formed in the blank and having a groove adapted to receive a tooth of said die for positioningthe blankrelative to the die, and means for operating the die.

9. In a machine of the class described, in

combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, a pivoted locating member adapted to be swung into positionbetween the die and blank for positioning the latter relative to the former, and means for operating the die. 10. In a machine of the class described, in combinatioma blank support,a die having teeth to 'form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, a pivoted locating member adapted to be swung into positionbetween the die and blank for positioning the "latter relative to the former, a hand lever for operating said member, and means for operating the die.

11. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank, support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, a pivoted locating member adapted to be swung into position between the die and blank for positioning the latter relative to the former, a spring for holding saidmember normally in inoperative position, a'handlever for moving the member to operative position, and means for operating the die.

Intestimony whereofI affix mysignature.

. FRANK F. BEALL.

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