US1321972A - Ast of dyeing materials tan or brown - Google Patents

Description

OFFICE.

CHARLES OTTO BOLZ, OF PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA.

ART OF DYEING MATERIALS TAN" OR BROWN.

1N0 Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES 0. Born, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, (who has declared his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States,) residing at Portsmouth, in the county of Norfolk and State of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Dyeing Materials Tan or Brown, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

'This invention relates to the art of dyeing, and has more particular reference to a novel and improved process or method of dyeing materials such as wool, silk, or similar goods to change the color thereof to brown or tints approaching a brown color.

It is one of the objects of the invention to provide a method of the character men tioned which is'comparatively inexpensive but highly efficient and satisfactory in use.

Many attempts have heretofore been made to impart a satisfactory brown color to cloth and the like, which color will be of a permanent character, but many of these attempts have failed and have not gone into extensive or general use for various reasons, among which may be mentioned the expense or scarcity of certain of the ingredients employed in the dyeing operation, the non-permanent character of the color ing, which includes the objection of fading under the action of light, etc., in use; and in those instances where the dyes were of a more or less fixed or durable character, the appearance of the goods would oftentimes be of a dull or non-brilliant color.

lln carrying out the present invention, it is my aim to overcome existing objections incident to methods at present employed and to effectively dye the goods whereby the color imparted thereto will be of a brilliant character, devoid of bleaching or fading characteristics and quite durable.

Further it is contemplated to accomplish the above result by an improved method, which while inexpensive will have no injurious effect upon the wearing properties, etc., of the cloth or material being dyed, but on the contrary will tend to reinforce or strengthen the material, and thereby increase the life thereof.

It is a still further object of the invention to utilize in carrying out the method Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

App1ication filed July 2, 1917. Serial No. 178,296.

certain materials or ingredients peculiarly adapted for the dyeing, in a permanent manner, articles or goods such as wool, silk, etc., such material being readily obtainable at a slight expense, and the materials being of a character whereby the residue thereof vmay be subsequently used for other purthereafter introducing the material into a 7 bath of lime water.

In some instances a limited quantity of salt, preferably Glaubers salt, may also be utilized, it having been ascertained that the salt in addition to having certain properties tending to make more permanent the coloring, will impart a peculiar brilliance to the dyed article, rendering the same more pleasing in appearance. In some instances domestic or household salt may be satisfactorily employed, but it has been ascertained that Glaubers salt, or equivalent salt has particular qualities giving more brilliant coloring. Then again the salt is also comparatively cheap for the purpose.

More particularly the improved process of dyeing contemplated herein may be described in detail substantially as follows, it being noted in this particular that the process may be varied to some extent, and still be within the spirit, and contemplation, of the invention;

While the tannic acid may be obtained in various ways, it is preferred, since better results areapparently thereby obtained, to take oak shavings and place the same in water which is subjected to heat sufficient to boil the water, thereby extracting the tannic acid. This tannic acid is thereupon removed, preferably while still in a boiling condition and placed in a suitable receptacle, whereupon the goods to be treated, ie. wool, silk or thelike are introduced into the tannic acid bath, which as previously explained is at this time in a hot, and preferably boiling condition.

Unslaked lime is placed in a suitable receptacle, and when slaked is allowed to stand for a sufficient interval for the lime water to become clear, when such clear water is drawn 0E from the lime and placed in a receptacle. After the lime water has arrived r1ng means as may be desired.

After a suitable lapse of time, the goods are removed, rinsed or dried artificially or by natural heat, and in this connection it may be observed that any heating medium may be employed, which is of advantage since many goods dyed by methods at present in'vogue cannot be dried artificially.

It has been ascertained that difierent shades of brown, or yellowish brown may result according to the length of exposure of the same either in theboling acid or in the lime water. I

If desired, and the preferred method includes this step, the goods may be subjected to a salt treatment, and this treatment may be resorted to at the different stages in carrying out the method.

Goods results have been obtained by first boiling the goods in salt water prior to the introduction of the same into the tannic acid bath, the salt being dissolved in the Water previous to the introduction of the goods thereinto.

This preliminary treatment of the goods in salt Water imparts to the goods a sliky or brilliant shade or finish as well as assisting in making the colors permanent. Should it be desired to give the shadesa darker color, it has been ascertained that this may be accomplished by placing the salt into the tannic bath after the same has come to a boiling state. This of course eliminates the preliminary salt treatment. Then again still darker shades maybe obtained by introducing the salt directly into the lime water after the same has been removed from the lime and when in a slaked condition. This last mentioned salt treatment may also be in lieu of the two previous salt treatments mentioned, though no injurious results and different shades may be obtained by combining one or more of the salt treatments just mentioned.

I The goods being introduced into the tannic acid bath While the latter is in a boiling state, the same will tend to. swell up, thereby opening the pores of the fiber and removing the fatty matter. within the fiber, thereby allowingthe coloring matter of the'acid to become precipitated within the fabric and penetrate fully and quickly into the fibers thereof.

While certain fairly good results may be obtained by introducing the goods into a cool bath of the tannic acid, this treatment is open to the objection that the coloring matter would tend to stick to the outside of the material and only temporarily, and would subsequently Wash off to a large extent. By introducing into the hot bath as above prcscribed, the application of the dye is permanent.

The lime water bath to which the goods with the coloring matter applied are subjected is of considerable importance, and it is also important that this water be in a cool state while the goods are in a warm state when introduced thereinto. By taking the goods while in a hot state from the hot tannic acid bath and placing the same in the cool.li1ne water bath, the lime water attacks the small amount of tannic acid within the fiber, thereby forming the color, and the fiber being suddenly chilled by the cool lime watenbath, the pores of the fiber will become closed. The action of the cool lime water attacking the tannic acid renders the colored material permanent or fixed, the pores of the fiber being closed at once thereby preventing the dye from running out.

Difi'erent characters of oak shavings may be utilized in obtaining the tannic acid, whereby to impart to the goods different shades of tan and brown. To illustrate, assuming that a dark shade is desired, the tannic acid may be derived from white oak shavings, whereas if a lighter shade is desired the tannic acid may be derived from a mixture of red and white oak shavings, or again if a still lighter shade is desired, the tannic acid may be made from red oak shavings.

It may also at times be desirable to give difierent shadings to the coloring material, and I have ascertained that by placing a given quantity of Cape aloes in the boiling tannic acid bath, a greenish tint to the brown coloring imparted to the goods will result.

lVhat I claim is 1. The art of coloring fabrics which consists in first subjecting the same to treatment in a hot tannic acid bath and subsequently to treatment in a lime water bath.

- 2 The art of dyeing cloth material such as wool and silk, which consists in first sub jecting the material to a hot tannic acid bath, and thereafter subjecting the material to' a cold lime water bath.

3. The art of dyeing materials which consists in introducing the material into a bath of heated tannic acid derived from oak, and thereafter introducing the material while still in a heated state into a cool lime water bath, the temperature of the lime water bath being less than that of the tannic acid.

4. The art of dyeing materials which consists in applying heat to a bath of tannic acid sufiicient to boil the same, introducing the material to be dyed into the bath While the latter is in a boiling condition, removing the material from said bath, and thereafter, and before the material is allowed to cool perceptibly, placing the material in a bath of cool lime water.

5. The art of dyeing materials which consists in introducing the material to be dyed into a bath of tannic acid while the latter is in a boiling state, and immediately thereafter introducing the material while still in a hot state into a cool loath of lime water.

6. The art of dyeing materials which consists in subjecting oak shavings to a boiling treatment in water, removing the tannic acid, introducing the material to be treated into the tannic acid while the latter is in a hot condition, removing thematerial and while still in a hot condition introducing the same into a lime water bath.

7 The improved method of dyeing cloth which consists in submerging the cloth in a bath of hot tannic acid having therein Cape aloes, removing the cloth while saturatedwith the material of the bath and before the impregnated cloth has had an opportunity to cool into a cool bath of lime Water, subjecting the lime water to a stirring action while the cloth is therein, removing the cloth from the lime water and finally subjecting the same to a drying process.

8. The art of dyeing cloth which consists in subjecting the same to a bath containing tannin at a boiling temperature and subsequently subjecting the same at a reduced temperature to a bath of lime water at a relatively cold temperature.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aifix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES o'r'ro BOLZ.

l Vitnesses:

W. N. SEBRELL, W. J. MCDONALD.