US1316609A - Drill - Google Patents

Description

c. E. wuENscH.

DRILL.

APPLICAHON FILED 061.26.1918.

.MNMNNINI :text

i @E Wwe/:sch l UNITED srArEs PATENT oEEioE.

CHARLES ERB W UEN'SCH, OF LEADVILLE, COLORADO.

DRILL.

To all who/m. it may concern:

Be it known that l, CHARLEs ERB VUENSCH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Leadville, inthe county of Lake and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Drills, of which the following is a specification, ref- .erence being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to drills, and particularlyrto drills designed to be used for hand drilling` and sampling work.

The general object of this invention is t0 provide a drill particularly adapted to be used by surveyors, engineers and mine samplers.

"Few surveyors can drill upper holes for survey plugs, and it is usual to employ a man to drill `these holes and while the holes are being drilled the surveyoris idle. Few engineers also who examine mines can wield a hammer for any length of time doing sampling work and it is necessary for them to employ a miner to do this work. This means that the engineer runs the risk of not getting as accurate samples as `he otherwise would, could he perform the work himself, and also necessitates eXtra expense as the engineer has to employ his own miner.

One of the objects therefore, of this invention is to provide a drill which can be used by engineers, surveyors and others, though itis also capable of use by miners in driving or stoping operations.

A further object is to provide a drill operating on the same general principle as an automatic plugger, such as dentists use in filling teeth, that is, to operate the drill by releasing a previously compressed spring which in turn `will operate a hammer, driving the hammer against the drill or the tappet shank thereof.

A further object is to provide a drill of this character so constructed that the spring may be relatively heavy so as to deliver an effective blow of the hammer against the drill, means being provided whereby the spring may be compressed by hand and when it -is fully compressed will be automatically released to cause the blow to be delivered by the `hammer upon the drill.

A further object in this connection is to provide means for compressing the spring including a differential screw so acting that the hand of the operator moves through a distance of 10 inches for example, while the Specification of Letters Patent.

of energy in the spring by compressing it through a distance of one inch.

Patented Sept. 23, 1919. Application filed October 26, 1918s Serial No. 259,786. i'

A further object is to provide improved means whereby the spring will be automatr cally released after its compression and whereby the force of impact of the hammer upon the drill may be increased or reduced.

Other objects will appear inthe courseV of the following description. c

My invention is illustrated in the accom panying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through an automatic drill constructed in accordance with my invention and with the motor spring compressed;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal section showing the position of the parts of the drill at the time that the motor spring is being compressed;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. l is a section on the line 1 -i of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5--5 of Figjl;

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view of the mounting for the latch 59, the latch being in elevation; and

Figs. 7 and 8 are elevations respectively of a moil and a hammer.

Fig. 9 isa fragmentary enlarged section of member i5 and coacting parts;

Fig'. 10 is a fragmentary enlarged section of sleeve 12 and pawlQS.

`Referring to the drawings 10 designates a handle cylinder of any suitable length, the

interior diameter of'which, at its forward end, is enlarged as at 11 for a purpose to be later stated, this enlarged portion of the interior diameter being screwthreaded for with an inwardly extending recess or notch b. The head 15 is recessed to receive the rear end of the shank of the tool, and also provided with a spring actuated pin or tooth 16 adapted to engage in the notch of the tool.

j Surrounding the head 15 is a collar 17 which normally bears over the pin 16 and holds it pressed inward against the force of the spring which urges the pin outward and a compression spring 18 is disposed between the collar 17 and the head 15 and acts to urge the collar 17 outward. The collar is held from outward movement beyond its pin locking position by means of a keeper 19 which surrounds the shank of the tool and has an inwardly extending flange which is exteriorly screw-threaded to engage in terior screwthreads on the head 15. By manually .shifting the collar 17 along the shank of the tool, against the action of the spring 18, the pin 16 may be uncovered,

`whereupon the spring of the pin will force the pin outward permitting the removal of the drill, moil or hammer and its replacement by some other form of tool. Any otherl means for holding the tool in place may be used.

Mounted upon the shank 14 and operating within the enlarged interior portion of the sleeve 12 is a collar 20 which supports the shank of the tool. The rear end of the sleeve 12 is interiorly screw-threaded for engagement by a screw-threaded sleeve 21 having at its inner end the annular flan ge 22 which may be abutted against the end of the sleeve 12 and which also extends inward toward the shank 14. A coiled compression spring 23 is disposed to surround the shank 14 between the sleeve 21 and the shank and this spring at one end bears against the flange 22 and at its opposite end bears against the collarl20` so that the spring acts to urge the shank 14 forward and holds the tool lightly pressed against the work.

The shank 14 must be given an inter mittent rotation this rotation occurring when the hammer strikes the drill shank 14 and forces it forward, the drill not rotating as it moves backward. To this end the shank 14 is formed with a spiral groove or thread having a relatively high pitch, that is, a pitch not less than o. Disposed within the forward end of thesleeve 12 just forward of the contraction 13 is an annular ratchet 24 having teeth extending in one direction and having an inwardly projecting tooth 25 which will engage with the spiral thread or groove 26 on the shank. (See Fig. 3).

Mounted in a recess 27 in the sleeve 12 is a pawl 28 which is normally forced in by means of a spring 29 but which may 'be forced out of engagement with the ratchet teeth on the annulus 24 by means of a wedge 30 adapted to be operated by the linger. When this wedge is shifted in one direction it will force the pawl 28 out of engagement with the teeth on the annulus 24. Now under these circumstances the annulus may rotate in one direction but not in an opposite direction. When the annulus is held from rotation the tooth 25 engaging in the thread 26 will cause a rotation of the shank 14 upon a longitudinal movement of the shank. Upon an opposite movement of the shank 14, however, the annulus 24 can rotate freely against the action of the pawl 28 and thusthe shank 14 will not be given any rotation.

Disposed rearward of the shank 14 and within the cylinder 10 is the hammer 3l. This hammer at its forward end is formed to provide a centrally disposed recess 32 into which the rear end of the shank 14 projects. rlhe rear end of this shank is reduced and screw-threaded for engagement by a wear ucap 33 which when it is worn may be replaced by a new wear cap. EX- tending through the forward end of the hammer and intersectingthis recess, is a sliding bolt 34. At one end this bolt is somewhat pointed and at the opposite end a spring 35 acts to force the bolt into'an eccentric position with relation to the ham mer. The center of the 'bolt is formed with a square opening 3G whose width is somewhat greater thanthe diameter of the wear cap 33 and therefore the diameter of the shank 14. It was heretofore stated that the cylinder 1() was enlarged at its forward end as at 11, in other words, the diameter of the rear portion of the cylinder is the same as the hammer31 but the forward portion of the cylinder has a diameter slightly greater than that of the hammer 31 and at the junction 0f this enlarged portion with the rear portion of the cylinder,

'there is an inclined annular shoulder 37.

Now when the hammer is at the rear por tion of the casing or cylinder 10V prior to a blow being struck, the inner face of the wall of the casing orcylinder 10 engaging with the pointed end of the bolt forces this bolt Iback to a positionl where it is concentric to the hammer and where the opening 36 will be in register with the cap 33. TWhen, however, the hammer moves forward under the action of the motor spring, then as soon inFig'. 4', and then the hammer will be released so 'that the action of the spring will force the hammer forward until the end wall 32it of the recess 32 strikes the end of the shank 14 and forces the shank forward.

When the 'blow has loeen fully delivered there will he a relooundv which will carry the i`s`screwfthreaded `Disposed against this reduced end is the head 39 of a screw-threaded rod 40. This head 39 has rotation against the end of the part 38 and to this end is provided `with a hall hearing 41. 4An annular lcap- 42 engages thel screw-threaded portion 38 'and extends inward over the head 39 and a iball `hearing is provided between thesev two parts so that the rod 40 with its head 39 may rotate freely with relation' to the hearing 41. The screw-threads of the hammer are `inclined `at a relatively high pitch, not less than 7 0.

Mounted upon the rod 40 is an annulus 43 which has ratchet teeth on its periphery and which is `provided lwith a tooth 44 en gaging in the screw-thread of the rod 40. This annulusV constitutes therefore Va nut. Surrounding the annulus 43 is a. seco-nd annulus 45,v Vwhich-is provided with one or more spring pressed p-awls 46 which engage with the ratchet teeth on the periphery of the annulus 43 so that the annuli 45 and 43 will rotate together `in one direction but will 4disengage from each other upon a rotation in the opposite direction; This annulus 45 is provided with an inwardly extending ange 47, at its forward end, which extends down in front of the annulus 43 and at its rear end the annulus 45 has screw-threaded engagement with the cap 48 which loears against the rear face of the annulus 43. ThusV the annulus 43 is disposed in a pocket or is entirely inclosed within the annulus 45.

Engaging against the ycap 42 and annulus 45`is` a coil compressi-on spring 49 constitut inga motor spring loosely surrounding the rod 40. Upon the endfof the cylinder 10 there is disposed a plate 50 having openings for carrying anti-friction loalls 50a operating against the end of the annulus'45. This plate 50 has a flange formed with screw threads to engage with the cylinder 10, and the plate at its margin is formed to surround and spring over a portion of the pe# riphery of the annulus 45 as at .50", p this portion 50? being formed with an inwardly turned edge 50c which snaps into agroove formed in the periphery of the annulus 45; thus the annulus 45 has swivel engagement with the end of the cylinder 10 and can revolve freely.

Loosely surrounding the rear end of the cylinder 10 and having longitudinal movement thereon is a sleeve 51. This sleeve has a shoulder 52 which prevents the detachment of the sleeve'from the cylinder 10. The sleeve 51 on its inner face is provided with a screw thread 53 having a very rapid pitch and the annulus 45 is formed with a stud or with a thread engaging the screw thread 53. Thus longitudinal movement of the sleeve 51 will cause a rotation of the annulus 45. Surrounding the sleeve 51 is a sleeve 54 which has upon its inside face a thread or stud 55 which engages with a screw thread or spiral groove of relatively steep pitch on the exterior of the sleeve 51.v

Thus if the sleeve 51 is free to rotate a rectilinear movement of the sleeve 54relative to the sleeve 51 will cause a rotation of sleeve 51. is closed hy a cap 56 having a rubber buffer 57. Y.

Mounted in recesses 58 of the sleeve 51 are dogs 59. Each dog is pivotally mounted within a frame 60 disposed in the corresponding recess and one end of the dog is formed with the tooth 61 rounded upon its forward face, the other end of the dog being formed with the oppositely projecting tooth 62. VSprings 63 hear against theforward ends of the dogs urging the rear end of the dogs outward. When the sleeve 54 is withdrawn to the full extent relative to the sleeve 51, these dogs engage with the ex tremity of the sleeve 54, as illustrated in Fig. 2, but when in the inward movement of 51 the dogs strike the annulus 45, the dogs are shifted to disengage the sleeves 54 and 51. y

Now assuming that a blow has been struck by means of the hammer'31 and it is desired to reset the spring for another blow, then with the hand ofthe operator grasping the cylinder 10, the sleeves 54 and 51 are drawn outward to the fullest extent possible. These sleeves have telescopic engagement upon each other andarotation of the sleeve 51 in a counter clockwise direction in Fig. 5 and a rotation of the annulus 45 in the reverse direction will not affect the nut or annulus 43 or the stern or rod 40. Now assuming` that the drill or other implement is rmly held against the work, if pressure be applied against the cushion 57 this pressure will force the telescoping sleeves 51 and 54 inward. Tnasmuch as the dogs 59 engage the sleeve 54, the sleeves 54 and 51 will move together, but the annulus 45 will be caused to rotate by reason of 'its screwethreaded engagement with the thread on the inner face The rear extremity of sleeve 54` soA of sleeve 51. AThe rotation of the annulus 45 through the pawl 46 will cause a rotation of the annulus or nut 43, and the rotation of this nut in a Acounter-clockwise direction on the screw-threads of the rod 40 will cause the retraction of this rod, that is will cause the rod to move toward the left, thus com pressing the spring. Now when the forward ends of the dogs 59 strike the annulus 45, the dogs will be shifted to disengage the sleeve 51 from the sleeve 54 so that this sleeve 54 through the screw-threads 55 will act to rotate the sleeve 51 which is now held from longitudinal movement and the rotation of the sleeve 51 will, as before described, rotate the ratchet annulus or nut 43 and continue to move the rod 40 toward the left in Fig. 5, retracting the hammer and additionally compressing the spring. Thus, by a rectilinear movement of the sleeve 54 against the drill or toward the point of the drill, the spring is compressed and, for example, a movement of 10, that is, a movement of 5 for the part 51 and a movement of 5 for the part 54, will cause a movement of 1 forthe stem or rod 40 and a compression of 1 on the spring 49. The hammer is retracted and the spring 49 compressed by the movement above described until such time as the bolt 34 passes the shoulder 37. As soon as this occurs, the forward movement of the hammer is no longer impeded by the pressure of the bolt against the shank 14. rThe hammer moves forward, the end wall 32 of the recess 32 strikes the end of the shank 14 or the wear cap carried thereof, and the shank is forced inward. As soon as it is forced forward and it is desired to give another blow to the hammer, the sleeves 51 and 54 are again drawn rearward and again forced inward to compress the spring, when the operation is repeated.

The force of the blow given by the spring 49 will depend, of course, upon the degree to which this spring is compressed. By adjusting the member 12 within the member 10, the flange Q2 is brought nearer to or farther from the forward end of the hammer. Now if the member 1Q has been adjusted outward beyond the member 10 to its fullest extent, then it is obvious that the rod 40 or stem of the hammer will have to be drawn rearward to its full extent before the bolt 34 will be tripped by the shoulder 37. If, however, the member' 12 is reversely rotated so as to force it in deeper into the interior of the cylinder 10, then it is obvious that the rod 40 or stem will be moved rearward only a fraction of its length before the bolt 34 engages the shoulder 37 and is tripped thereby, as it is obvious that a regulation of the blow struck by the hammer can be easily secured and that the drill or other instrument may be driven by a very light tap or blow or by heavy strokes of the hammer.

It will be seen that a retraction of the members 54 and 51 will not tend to rotate the ratchet annulus or nut 43 because the dogs 4G will ride over the. ratchet teeth, but that only upon the forward movement of the sleeves 51 and 54 Will this annulus or nut beVV rotated to cause a retraction of the hammer and a compression of the spring. Now when the spring is released andthe rod 40 moves forward through the nut, the rectilinear movement of the rod 40 will cause a rotation of the nut or annulus 43 but this will not affect the annulus 45 because this rotation will be such that the pawls 46 will ride. over the ratchet teeth of the annulus. By swiveling the stem or rod 40 to the hammer 31, the tendency of the spring 49 as it is compressed to rotate the hammer 31, will not be communicated to the stem 40, but the stem 40 will be stationary while the nut 43Ais rotating1 to draw the stem rearward.

Generally speaking, the operation of the device will be as follows. Assuming that the hammer 31 has been retracted by the means heretofore described sufficiently to carry the bolt 34 into engagementwith the shoulder 37 then the hammer is released. The hammer springs forward under the impetus of the spring 49 and the end wall 32a of the recess 32 will strike the wear cap 33 on the end of the shank 14. This will force the shank 14 forward with the drill or other implement. After the blow has been struck and if it be desired to strike another blow, the pressure of the operator against the member 57 is relieved and the sleeves 51 and 54 are drawn outward to the position shown in F ig. 2. Now this rearward retraction of these sleeves relieves the pressure of the drill Y which may be considered as stationary and as bearing lightly against the rock face. The hammer has moved forward all it can and, therefore, moves rearward with the member 10 until the bolt 34 passes the wear head 33 on the end of the hammer shank when the spring 35 urgesV the bolt transversely, that is 'to the position shown in Fig. 4. Now when this position is reached, any forward movement of the hammer is resisted by the end of the shank 14. Now in this position of the parts, the tube 10 has moved rearward relative to. the shank 14 yand to the hammer so that the shoulder 37 is rearward of the bolt 34. Now if it be desired to strike a second blow, the operator forces inward on the head 57, which causes the telescoping movement of the sleeves 51 and 54 on the casing 10 from the position shown in F ig. 2 to that shown in Fig. 1. This compresses the spring and retracts the hammer relatively to the tubelO or, 1n other" words, the tube 10 er casing nieves forward Vrelatively Ato the hammer and when the shoulder 87 strikes the bolt 34, it

shoves this bolt laterally to the position shown in Fig. l, whereupon the spring 49 then imn'iediately acts to force the hammer forward until the end 32a ofthe space 32 strikes the head 33 of the shank. y Thus, by alternately pressing inward on the drill until the blow has been struck, then releasing the parts, in a sense, and drawing the sleeves ,5l and 54 rearward and again pressing `inward, repeated blows can be given upon the shank of the drill.

The-device is intended for use by engineers for the purpose of taking samples, etc. The drill will be relatively light, weighing less than 8 pounds, but the principle of the drill may also be embodied in larger drills of heavier construction designed to be used by .miners in drifting or stopping operations where they will be coniined to one working place for a considerable time. In this case the drill can be mounted upon an ordinary drill tripod or drill-column. For the heavier models, thedrill will be made all of steel, but for -thelight models, the sleeves 5l and 54 will preferably be made of an aluminum alloy such as magnalium. The springs would ordinarily be made of silicon-steel.

While I have illustrated a form of my invention which has been found very reliable and effective in practical use, it is to beunderstood that I do not wish to be limited to any details of` construction, as these may be modified in many ways without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Vhile I have illustrated two sleeves 51 and 54 for'the purpose of retracting the hammer and compressing the spring, yet it will be obvious that Aif the drill be made sufficiently long that only one `sleeve may be used, namely, a sleeve 51 in this case. Assuming that this sleeve is ten inches long, the sleeve will move ten inches in compressing the spring one inch. In small drills, however, it is preferable to provide two sleeves v of ve inches in length," so that the sleeve 51 will not move so far down upon the cylinder 10 as to strike the hand of the operator. It is also to be understood that the part 50 is intended to spring over the annulus 45 to carry its rim 50c into the groove of the annulus.

I claim l. An automatic drill of the character described including a cylindrical handle, a tool shank reciprocating therethrough, a reciprocable hammer disposed within the handle and operating against the shank upon its forward stroke, a spring disposed within the handle and bearing against the hammer, and means for fretracting the hammer to complGSS the spring and for automatically Vscribed including a cylindrical handle, atool shank reciprocating therethrough, a reciprocable hammer disposed within the handle and operating against the shank, a compres- Y sion spring `disposed within the handle and bearing against the hammer, manually operable means for compressing the spring, and Aadjustably controllable means for automatically releasing the hammer to permit the action of the spring thereon when the spring has been tensioned to a predetermined degree. t a

3. An automatic drill of the character described including a cylindrical handle, a shank reciprocating therein, a hammer re ciprocating within the handle and operating against the shank, a compression Vspring bearing against the hammer, a nut bearing against the handle, a screw-threaded stem operatively connected to the hammer and passing through the nut, manually operable means carried by the handle for rotating said nut to thereby retract the hammer and compress the spring but permitting of` the free rotation of said nut in the opposite direction upon a forward movement of the hammer, and means for automatically releasing the hammer to permit the projection of the hammer by the spring when the spring has been tensioned to a predetermined degree. t t

4. An automatic drill of the character described including a cylindrical handle, a shank reciprocating therethrough, means for causing a rotary movement of the shank when it is shifted forward through the handle but permitting a. rectilinear movement of the shank when it is retracted into the handle, a reciprocable hammer disposed within the handle and having i a screw-threaded stem, a nut mounted upon the` stem and hav- 110 ing ratchet teeth upon its periphery, an annulus surrounding the nut and having spring actuated pawls engaging said ratchet teeth,

a spring disposed between said annulus and the hammer and acting to urge the hammer 115 toward the shank, means for rotating the nut in a direction to draw the hammer rearward and retract the spring, comprising a longitudinally movable sleeve having a screw-threaded engagement with the annulus 120 whereby to cause a rotation of the annulus upon a forward movement of the sleeve, and means for automatically releasing the hammer to permit its projection by the spring when the spring has been tensioned to a pre- 125 determined degree. t

5. An automatic drill of the character described including a cylindrical handle, a shank reciprocating therethrough, a recip- 4 rocable hammer disposed within the handle 130 and having a screw-threaded stem, a nut mounted upon the stem and having ratchet teeth upon its periphery, an annulus surrounding the nut and having spring actuated vpawls engaging said ratchet teeth, a spring disposed between the annulus and the hammer and acting to urge the hammer toward the shank, and means for rotating the nut in a direction to draw `the hammer rearward and compress the spring, comprising a longitudinally movable sleeve having operative engagement with the annulus to cause a rot-ation of the annulus upon a forward movement of the sleeve, and means for automatically releasing the hammer to permit its projection by the spring when the spring has been tensioned .to a predetermined degree.

6. An automatic drill of the Character described including' a cylindrical handle, a. shank reciprocating therethrough, a reciprocable hammer disposed within the handle and having a screw-threaded stem, a nut mounted upon the stem and having ratchet teeth upon its periphery, an annulus surrounding the nut and having spring actuated pawls engaging the ratchet teeth thereof, a-spring disposed between the annulus and the hammer and acting to urge the hammer toward the shank, and means for rotating the nut in a direction to draw lthe hammer rearward and 'compress the spring, comprising a longitudinally movable sleeve having screw-threaded engagement with the annulus, an exterior sleeve mounted upon the first named sleeve and having screw-threaded engagement with the first named sleeve, latches mounted upon the first named sleeve and engaging the second named sleeve to prevent its longitudinal movement upon the first named sleeve, said latches being thrown out of operative position by engagement with the annulus, thereby permitting longitudinal movement of the second named sleeve and a rotation 0f the first;

named sleeve, and means for automatically releasing the hammer to'permit its projection by the spring when the spring has been contracted and tensioned to a predetermined degree. V

7. An automatic drill of the character described including a cylindrical handle, a tool shank slidably mounted therein, a reciprocable hammer disposed within the handle and operating against the shank, a compression spring bearing against the hammer, manually operable means for compressing the spring, and adjustably controlled means for automatically releasing the hammer to permit the action of the spring thereonv when the spring has been tensioned to a predetermined degree, the manually operable spring comprising means including a pair of concentric telescopic sleeves mounted upon the handle, and means actuated by the inwar-d movement of said sleeves upon the handle acting to retract the hammer and coinpress the springs.

8. An automatic drill of the character described including a handle, a hammer operating therein having a screw threaded shank, a spring urging the hammer in one direction, and means for retracting the hammer and compressing the spring including a nut engaging the screw threads of the shank, and a sleeve mounted upon the handle for longitudinal movement thereon operatively engaging the nut to cause its rotation in a direction to retract the shank and hammer upon a longitudinal movement ofv the sleeve in one direction, the sleeve becoming operatively disengaged from the nut upon a relatively opposite movement oft the sleeve and hammer. Y

In testimony whereof I hereunto atx my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses.

CHARLES ERB WUENSCH.

Witnesses:

H. R. PENDBRY, JOHN M. PENDERY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

Images