US1251275A - Process of making glue. - Google Patents

Description

. G. PERKINS, DECI]uv e. s. Penxms, Exf'cumx PROCESS 0F MAKING GLUE.

APPLICMmN FILED nmz. 1913` Patented Dee. 3551"?.

'.RNK El. PERENS, DECEASED, LATE 0F ILABTSDAILE,A PENNSYLVANIA, BY GEETRUDE 5. PERKINS, EXECUTRIX, 0F SU'H BEND, NDIN, SSGNOR T0 PERKNS GLUE GOrf-lm, l CQRPOBTON Si PENNSYLVNIA,

rnoonss or Mantua anun.

Patented Dec. 25, 191'?.

.application led December 26, 1913. Serial No. 808,789.

" To all 'wtom t may concern: a

Be it known` that FRANK G. nnnms, deceased, late of. Lansdale, borough of Lansdale, State of Pennsylvania, did invent certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Glue, or which the following is a specification. s

The invention relates to processes of makingA glue in a jacketed kettle from starch, water and solvent for the starch, and is es ecially adaptedto the making oi' vegeta le joiners glue in accordance with U. ti.v reissued Letters Patent No. 13486 of July 2, 1912. In said reissued Letters Patent it is stated that temperature afects the amount of solvent necessary, to change the starch glue base intoy a glue suitable for joinery and that at successively increasing temperatures one is/ enabled to bring across the mixture or dissolve the starchy material with successively decreasing proportions oi alkali solvent.

lltiweven before this invention, when it bas been attempted to produce in a jacketed kettle such a vegetable glue suitable tor gluing up veneers andthe like, by such hot mixtures, the result has been 'that the glue has been killed or weakened so that it has not the strength and gluing qualities of mixtures made at ordinary temperatures or cold The object of the present invention is to provide a method or process by which such a glue may be made with the application of heat, which requires less solvent, in whichl killing or weakening the gluing properties of the starch mixture by overheating either locally or generally throughout the mass or .by overcooking aiter the mixture has come across or the starch dissolved, is either eliminated entirely or reduced to a minimum so that it is negligible. ln the making of finishing glues, sizes, etc., it is not regarded as injurious to overcook or overheat or to boil the mixture or" starch and digesting agent, but in glue where the greatest adhesive power is desired, as in joinery, and the gluing up of veneers, this is found to be an important consideration and to secure a vegetable glue with such adhesive power and with suitable Abody and spreading power it has been discovered that it is most undesirable to overheat the glue' mixture as by boiling or to overcook the mixture by continuing the subjection thereof 'to a high temperature after the mixture has come across. In fact the mixture should never attain the boiling, bursting or tumefying temperature and the temperature must not be maintained for a long time so high as i to continue to an excessive degree the action of the solvent on the glue. If the kettle be heated in the manner common in the mixing of sizes, etc., by admitting a strong current 'of steam to the kettle jacket the kettle becomes so intensely heated at all points that the glue will become overheat'ed, especially adjacent the inner walls of the kettle, so

that the glue is likelywto become killedf which overcooking it is believed renders the across the glue is similarly weakened. lty

is therefore the main purpose ci the present invention to check the action of the heat in such manner, and at such times, that the temperature of the batch will not reach the bursting temperature of the starch, and so that the heat retained by the kettle will not cause overcooking after the mixture has come across or the starch dissolved. The word starch is used in its broad sense to mean any starchy or amylaceous material in which raw starch or themore or less degenerated products thereof form the principal component, or other equivalent carbohydrate.

The accompanying drawing-`orming a part of.this specification illustrates an apparatus with which the invention may be carried out.

-Referring to the drawing, lil represents a suitable kettle having a jacket 2 and also provided with any siiitable stirring apparatus, not shown. The form of stirring apparatus shown in copending application Se- -rial No. 612,181, filed March 4, 1911,-is,

however, preferred. 3 and l5 represent steam supply pipes provided with valves -l and 16, respectively, and connecting respectively with the pipes 7 and 8 which lead into the yacket 2,` the first at the top and' the second at the bottom of the jacket. 5 and 17 represent water supply pipes provided with p-ipe 19 connects the pipe 7 with pipe 9 and is provided With a valve 20 therein. The jacket 2 is also provided vvith a pet-cock 21 at its upper end'.

In carrying out the invention in one form, the required amount of Water is placed in the kettle With all the valves closed. The valves 4 and l2 are then opened to permit steam to enter the jacket and the Water in the kettle is heated thereby, but not to over the bursting temperature of the starch, and preferably not over 140 F. The valves Il and 12 are then closed and when the tem` perature of the kettle has become equalized so that the temperature 'of the inner WallsY thereof is not too high, the starchy material is added and stirred until thoroughly mixed with the Water. Then the caustic soda solution or other digesting agent is added gradually With continued stirring. During this addition the valves 4 and 12 may be opened slightly to admit just enough steam to keep the temperature from falling too low until the mixture comes across or the starchy material is dissolved. When themixture comes across the valves 4 and 12 are closed and the valves 17 and 20 opened to admit cooler Water in order to check the actio of the heat to prevent overcooking after the lstarchy material has dissolved, the stirring oi the batch being all the While preferably continued. The glue is then ready for use or may be left to stand and again stirred and warmed if desired before using.

Or the invention in one form may be carried out by putting the starch and required amount of Water in the kettle and having it thoroughly' mixed, and then the valves 6, 11 and 21 opened so as to nearly till the jacket 2 with water up to the top of the loop 9. Then with continual stirring of the mixture the valves 6, 11 and 21 are closed and the valves 16 and 20 opened and steamadmitted to the lower part of the jacket so as to gradually heat the Water in the jacket to the required degree. During this gradual heating the solvent may be gradually added and 1when the mixture has come across the valves 1G and 2O are closed and the valves 5 and 11 opened to admit cooler water to the jacket so that the temperature of the batch is reduced to about 120U F. to prevent cvercooking of the glue after it has Colne across.

Although it is not preferred, the careful regulation or' the heating may be obtained hv opening` the valves 1 and 12 and carefully admitting steam together with the gradual addition of solvent and continual stirring of the mixture in the kettle great care being taken that the temperature at no part of the batch reaches the bursting temperature of the starch, and preferably not ver 150o F., and stopping the admission of the steam to check the action of the heat before the mixture has come across and at such time that the heat retained by the kettle Will not produce overcooking after the mixture has come across. However, it is preferred to check the action of the heat admitting,r cooler water to the jacket at such time that the heat retained b the kettle Will not-produce overcooking a ter the mixture has come across.

As above stated, the maximum tempera-` ture required varies with the amount of solvent used and it also varies with the kind of starch base and the kind of solvent used. `W ith high grade cassava starch preliminarily treated in accordance with description of nited States `Letters Patent 1,020,656 and 1% of caustic potash it is about 155, F. to 160 F., and decreases regularly as the amount of caustic is increased. With of caustic soda it is about the same and decreases in substantially the same manner with. increase in the caustic soda. lithsilicate ot soda a larger percentage (about 18%) is required to produce really goed results, and about 10% at 150O F. 1With salicylic acid, fairly good results can be obtained with 2% at. 150o F. y

Accordingly, the present inventionis not limited to precise temperatures or percentages of solvent, or kind of solvent, and many variations in these and other respects may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broader vaspects.

Ea ving fully and clearly described the improvements, what is claimed as new and (le-- sired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. rThe process of making joiners glue in a jacketed kettle from starch, Water and solvent, which consists in stirring the glue mixture in the kettle and simultaneously' heatine the same by admitting a heating agent to the jacket but so that the temperature of the batch in the kettle Wil] not reach the bursting point of the starch, and checking the action of the heating agent at such time that the heat retained will not cause overcooking of the glue after it has come..

across or become dissolved.

The process of making joiners glue in a jacketed kettle from starch, Water and solvent, which consists in stirring the glue mixture in the kettle and simultaneously heatingthe same by admitting Water t0 the jacket and injecting steam with the Water to heat` the latter but so that the temperature et the batch does not reach the bursting point of the starch, and checking the action mixture "heating same by agent to the jaciiet but so tufo of the limes? 'walls of tite reach the bursting point o clieclfzi'igj too action of t i@ l cooler Trata? to the @ticket at sus heat atziinefl not canse ot the glue a'zttei it has como aooss'o --ocome dissolvedi al. Tho pfocass of makiig joiners glua in a, gacketed kettle from starch, Water incl solvent, which Consists in stiiring 'the glue mixture in the kettle and Simultaneously heating the sume oy admitting Water to the jafzket and injecting steam into the water o lietl latter out so that the temperaure of the batch does not reach the hoisting int of 'the starch, ami Checking the action 'the heat by admitting; ooolo mit@ 'to the cnet at scli time that the limit @tained ovecooliiig of is come tcioss or become d The process of making join@ "s Q n, jackatecl kottle fiom starch, wat@ and, solvent., which consists in stift-fing the glue mixture in 'the kettle und simultaneously heating the same "oy admitting a heating ugent 'to the jacket out so that the tempomtue of the batch Will not lo@ so great as to materially weaken the adhesivo mower of the glue for gluing up veneers, nino checking the iwtion ot' the heating agent at such time that. the retained will not, cause overing of tile glu@ site: it has across or become tlissolvefl Y Tilt-r posess of making joineirsi glue im iucketetl kettle from starci, waiter and t? xviii li Consists iii sti ing tfno glue he kettle and siiiultanoously ue for gluing up veneers, and checking tion. of the heating agent. by admitting t ler wats? to the jacket at such time that the -:etakd will not cause overoooking of the glue after 'it has como across or '2'. lie process of making joinsrs glue in a jacketecl kettle from starch., Water and solvent, which consists in stirring the glue mixture in the kettle and simultaneously lit-ating the same by admitting water to the jacket and injecting steam with the wat@ to liet the latta but so that the, temperature ot' tha Jmitch will not be so great as to miterially weaken the adhesivo power of the glue for gluing up veneers, ami checking the action or" the heat oy admitting cooleiv write? 'to the jacket at such that the heat. retained will not cause ovoicooking of the gino after it has come across or become diSsolv'efl.A

ln testimony whereof, l have signed my imm@ to this specification in the presenca of two subscribing Witnesses.

GERTRUDE S. PERKINS, Ewout/rim of Fmn: G. Perking, deceased.

Witnesses L. MCMIL'LEN, M. MCVILLEN.

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