US1217645A - Concrete building. - Google Patents

Description

K. R SCHUS'EE. CONCRETE SULDING. APPLICATmN 'mso FEB. s, i911.

Patented Feb. 27, im 3 SHEETS-SHEET K. R. SCHUSTER.

CONCRETE BUILDING,

APPLICATION FILED FEB. s. 1911.

mlm/15,

3 SHEETS-SHEET?.

@warms Patented Feb. 27, E917.

K. R. SCHUSTER. l CONCRETE BUILDING.I

I APPLlCATlON FILED FEB. 9. 1911. 121'7.,645 A 3 SHEETSr-SHEET 3- wlmffssfsf Ml @www l/WEN mi? w Q "gvz,

mmm Fei). 27, 1917( ,complete floor. saicl section being' f OFFICE.

KARL R. SCEUSTER, OFNEVJ YGRK, N. Y., SSLGNQ'R T0 FRANCIS M. BARTON, OF

' CHGAG, ILLINOIS.

CNCEETE BUILNG.

*1,217 ,15g-:5. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 2?, 191m,

Application filed February 9, 1911. Serial No. 607,620.

To all 'whom z'' vmay concer/n:

Be itknown that l'`r KARL R. cnns'rniij a citizen oi the United S'tates, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Milnliattai'i,ooui1ty and Slate of New York, have invented new and useful lmproyements in. fonCl/rete Buildings, of which the following is/a full) rlear. and exact description.

This invention relates to certain improve ments in concreto building, and more par ticillarly lo the reinforcement of the/ooncree slalo flooring', whereby the strains and stresses occurring' within,- the flooring' adiacen to the columns or ohor supports will he better taken care of.

lin my improved -consirnccioin l provide a main reinforren'lenl disirilnited uniformly over the floor space irrespeoive of the presence of columns or other supports for the Allo'or. anal over hese columns l provide a, seiiarate or auxiliary reni-foirement; which has iis main portion ilisposerl adjacent to the upper surface. of the floor, and presents lownwardlY extending portions distributed arounrl the support lio constitute shear meinhers. rlfhis, auxiliary re'i'nforoemont'mayassume rarions flill'ererit forms, hul; il, preferA ably eon'inriees a series oi rods properly posilionefl anfl having the outer ends o the rolls formino; 'flle shear members.

lelererme is lo he haci the accompanyin,Y drawings which form a Dart of this speoiliratiom and in ,vl'iiehjsimilar referenre Characters indicate oorresponiiing parte in th severe-il views.

Figure 1 is a plan View nl a portion olf a floor, showing the reinorfement in Dosi` tion.y really for the concrete5 and showing; one form of ai'ixiliary reinforcement which l may employ overxa eolmnn;

Fig. 2 isa vertical section through the taken on a line corresponding to the line 2 of Fig.

Fig. il is a plan View of another forni'o auxiliary reinforcement;

Fig. l is a vertical section somewhat simi lar to Fig. 2, but showing, the reinforcement of Fig. 3, vthe main reinforcement not being illustrated i* Figs. 5 and (l are views similar to Figs.- 3 and L but showing a further form of auxiliarv reinforcen'ient.

Figs. T and flare views similar to Figs-4 and Q, hill showing another arrangement of .rods to form the auxiliary reinforcement;

Figs. 9 and l0 are views similar to Figs. 3 and l, hutshowingI a further modilieil form;

Figs. ll and l2 are similar views of a :still further forni of ailxiliary reinforcement:

Figs. lfl and ll are Views similar lo Figs.

7 and 8. hut showing another arrangement of auxiliary reinforcement; anrl Figs. 15 and` lll are Dian vviews of oiher auriliary reinforcements which. may he emi'iloyecl. y

a main rein'foroenieim. l emploi7 wo sets of reinforcing rods or hars, the rolls or hars" of one sel; being' parallell 'to each other and ai; right angles to the rods or hars of the other set.

ln Fig, l, I have illustrated rods 2O lgoing; to -inalre un one set ami roiis 2l goingy to 11i-alie un the other ser. all of these rods being rlisposeil substantially at a 415C angle to the Walls 2Q and or the huihlinff. These Walls are preferably of Con'crele, and may have piers 2li: formed integral therewith. The two of rods Q0 and 21 are disposed in uniform spar/ell relationshipover the floor ami subdivide the latter inlo a large nnniher or' rectangular spares. ihe rolls which pass over the eohnrins are preferably leavier han the others.,

To reduce the weight oi ghe floor and to avoid the use of suoli a larize quanlity of concrete;y l mayv @lare in each ol' lhose sena-l rale spares or eoinnartmenls a whole rile or bloc-,lc of lema-cotta. The specific, monstruo tion of these hollow tiles or hlorlis (lo not oinlroilv any portion ofthe invention herein @lai-ined an l` therefore.y they have not been illustrated in detail. ln rire Upper left-hand portion of Fig. l, l', have illustrated liagrannnatically a few of ihee blocks or tilesy lo show theirrespeoire positions in respect to the reinforcenient. oi the character illustrated in my prior :1piilioation lio. 554,982. filed .April l2, 1910.

lr is not at all essentialthat the rods 2O anil 2l extend at an acute angle to the Walls of lhe huilding as is shown in Fig. l.. 'llheJ` two sets may he arranged parallel to the two rigrlitrangular walls. 4il desired. ln Figs. 7 and l'l` l have illustrate@ tiro setsof rods il? and ai rigrhr angles to each other, the

ermerliate be- Preerahlv -these blocks-or tiles are tween the walls, I utilize concrete columns of any suitable form a'nd reinforced in any suitable manner. In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated concrete` columns 29, without illustrating'any type of reinforcement.' It is, of course, understood that some kind would preferably be employed.

My invention relates particularly to the reinforcement of the floor at those places directly above the colnn'ms and in the immediate vicinity of the columns. This reinforcement, which is separate from the main reinforcement of the floor, is what I designate an auxiliary or secondary reinforcement, and, which in combination with thel columns and the main reinforcement, constitutes the main feature of my inven.- tion. This auxiliary or secondary reinforcement may be constructed in numerous different ways, but it is preferably forn'ied of rods either fastened together or placed in position separately. These rods are preferably .deformed solls to form a better bond with the concrete, and each rod has a portion disposed adjacent to and substantially parallel with the upper surface of the floor, and a portion extending toward the lower surface of the floor to constitute a shear member.

I do not wish to be limited to any specific Arrangement of rods in this auxiliary or v secondary `reinforcement, inasmuch as the saine general'eifect may be securedin different ways. In Figs. 1 and 2, I have illustratedan auxiliary reinforcement over the column 29 and formed of two sets of rods 2l() and 31. All of the rods 3() are parallel to each other and parallel to the main rods 2'0,-a.nd all of the rods 31 are also parallell to each other and are at right angles tothe rods 30, in other words, parallel to the rods l21,. This network of rods 30 and 31 covers that portion of the floor directly above the c'olumn 29, and also covers a considerable area of the floor surrounding this portion over the column. Each of" the rods 3() and lhas its center portion disposed closely adjacent to the upper surface of the floor and itsfend portions bent dow'niif'ardly and outwardly so as to terminateadjacent to the lower surface of the floor.; This downwardly extending portion lies substantially parallel to the direction of 'shearing stresses, and constitutes shear members.'

'In Figs. 3 and y4, I have illustrated a form of auxiliary reinforcement in which rods 32 are arranged radially rather than in -separate parallel sets, and in which each rod extends from the periphery of the reinsoic'ed area inward radially and termina esjust beyond the center of the auxiliary rein rcement. Each of these rods 32 has its outer enti bent downwardly to form a shear me y r, and each rod adjacent to the center of e reinforcement extendsacross and is BEST AvAiLAeLE cop supported by a ring 33. At its inner end, each rod extends down through this ring so as to form a secure anchorage directly over the column. I have not illustrated'the main reinforcement in Fig. l. although it is, of course, understood that such a main reinforcement would be employed.

In the forms of auxiliary reinforcement illustrated in Figs. 1 to l inclusive. the rods are not rigidly connected together before being placed in position, unless it be by means of suitable wires wrapped around the contacting portions. Such wires have not been illustrated, as thevwonld tend to coufuse rather than elucidate'the iunior-tant' f features.

In Figs. 5 and o, I have illustrated a form and through lthis loop all of the rods 35 ex) tend. After all of the rods have been as-1 sembled within the loop and with the loop at the center of each rod. suitable wedges 36 and 3o are driven into the loop to bind the rods in place and to subdivide them into two groups. The outer ends of the rods are then bent laterally so as to distribute them in radial and spaced rclatioliship, as illustrated inl Fig. 5. These rods 35 have their ends bent downwardly to form shear members.

This reinforcement 'may be shipped in separate pieces and rfscmbled on the job, or the rods may be rigidly secured -within the loop or ring 2H and have their end porarrives at the job.

In Figs. T and 8, l have illustrated the type of reinforcement somewhat similarto that shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but in which the rods 3T are bent to form hooks 38 engaging with the ring 35S instead of merely passing through the ring to form an anehorage as in forms shown in Figs. 3 and 4. These rods are arranged radially, and their hooked engagement with the ring resists any tendency toward longitudinalmovement under the stress to which they arc subjected. 'l'he rods may have radial arrangement ./without the employment of any ring. In Figs. i? and 10, I have illustrated a form on ufhich there are t wo sets of rods 39 and 10, one set being suma-posed on the other at the center and the outer portions of the rods bijnt` laterally in respect to the superposed portions so'asmto give the proper radial distribution. A further form in which the tions spread apart after the reinforcement.

rolls may be arranged radially without ncto the rods 40, and, in addition to this, there is a second set of rods l2, each of which has a hook portion engaging with and receiving' the parallel center portions of the rods of Si the other set,

lThe hook portions of the yrods l2 serve to hold the rods of the other set together, and also serve as anchors for their respective rods. il? In l?) `and lei, I have illustrated a form of auxiliary reinforcement somewhat similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that instead of employing single-spaced rods, l bend cach rod to form an elongated loop with parallel side portions l2 and' lil, which are substantially the equivalent of two adjacent rods of the form shown in Figs. l, and 2. The loop has its ends bent downwardly to form two parallel shear members 29 connected together at their lower ends, and

this connection may be utilized for the auxiliary reinforcement to the main or primary reinforcement of the floor. As show-n, the horizontal rods .28 of the main reinforcen'ient extend through one set of bends and the rods 27 extend through the other set. Thus, the entire reinforcen'ient is woven or connected together to prevent displacement during the y, admission of the concrete. im As previously stated, Figs. fland ll 'show diferent radial arrangements of the rods Without the em'iloyment of a connecting ring or loop. Fig. 15 shows a further arrangenient in which. a central pin Ll-lis employed` il around which rods-'l5 forming one setare bent in one direction and rods 1G formingl a second-set are bent in the opposite direction. lfliese two sets of rods may lie in superposed planes, and` although they are not exactly t@ radial, they are approximately so far as the strain exerted is concerne( The central pin ist may,` if desired, be omitted, in which case the rods could be looped together as shown in Fig. i6. in this' arrangement, the rods are divided into two sets 47 and 48, and each rod is bent at the center to a greater or less degree by interlocking the center loops, each set of loops being anchored to the other set. lt is not thought necessary to show side' il?. elevations or sections of the reinforcement if Vshown in Figs. l5 and 16, as it is understood that each of these rods preferably has its vouter end bent downwardly to form a shear 'member'. u ffl The auxiliary or secondary reinforcement :is employed to take care of the negative bending moment in the floor slab, for. which .-,piirpose said reinforcement is positioned over or in vertical alinement with the post or column` and near the top surface of the i i door slab, whereas the positive bending molgnient is taken care of `in the Hoor slab by the ,"/inain reinforcement which is shown as the "we series of crossing rods positioned in the "door slab near the underside thereof. lm-

' inforcement of the floor slab and from the 80 .reinforcement of the column when the latter reinforcement is employed, and. third, in a preferred form of the invention the auxiliary reinforcement is in the form of a metal mat composed (ff two seijes of rods the ends of which are looped andl are extended dowiiwardly from the plane of the body of the mat, thel rods of one series crossing or intersecting with the rods of the other series so as to produce the mat. e0

The employment of a mat separate from, and independent of, the floor slab reinforce-v 'ment andthe column reinforcement is an advantage for the reason,

mainly, that the rods are bentand assembled to produce the mat at a factory or other manufacturingestablishment,at which place, the mat can be, and'is, made .bythe employment of unskilled labor, whereas to assemble the rods at the time of installing the floor slab requires the use of skilled and more expensive labor.

ln addition, the complete mat is more easily and rapidly installed, thus saving time and labor, when the workmen are engaged in installingthe licor sla' lt isy apparent that 105 with the matin a coiplete, ready to be laid conditionpit can bev placed over the column,

and the rods of the main reinforcement are then interlaced with the downwardly inclined loopedend portions of the rods composing the met constituting the auxiliary reinforcement, after which the concrete niaterial is dumped or deposited and tamped into place, the several rods being so disposed as to allow ample space for thoroughly tamping the concrete.

Having thus described my invention what l claim as new and desire lay-Letters Patent, is:

1.. In a concrete building the combination 120 with a floor slab and supporting column therefor of main reinforcing rods for the Hoor slab and an auxiliary reinforcement incorporated in the lioo'r and disposed over the column, said auxiliary reinforcement being formed of two sets of intersecting rods,

the end portions of these latter being inclined downwardly to cross or intersect the horizontal plane of the main reinforcing rods and said downwardly inclined portions of the auxiliary rods being bent back so as to form loops through which the main reinforcing rods extend.

2. ln a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab, a supporting column therefor, alid main reinforcing rods to take care of the positive bending uiomciit of said slab, of an auxiliary reinforcement embedded in the floor slab ucar the top surface thereof and msitioncd in substantially the verti( al plane of said supporting column for takin,"r care of the iii-gative 'bending moment of said floor slab, said 'auxiliary reinforcenient being separate from said main reinforcing rods and being composed of rods the cud portions of which are extended downwardly from the horizontal plane of the body of said auxiliary reinforcement, said downwardly extended end portions of the rods composing said auxiliary reinforcen'ient having loops which receive the main rods and said downwardly extending end portions constituting shearniembers for the oor slab supporting coliun El. ln a concrete buildingfilhe combination with a lloor slab` a supporting column therefor, and main reinforcing rods to take care of the positive bending moment of said slab, of an auxiliary reinforcement embedded in thitloor slab near the top surface thereof and positioned substantially in the vertical plane of said supporting coliiiun for` taking caro of the negative bending moment of said floor slab, said auxiliary reinforcement beingr separate from said main reinforcing rods and comprising rods each of which has a portion thereof disposed horizontally in the same plane as all the other rods and the end portions of which rods are inclined downwardly from the horizontal plane of the body forming said horizontal portions of tbc rods composing said auxiliary reinforcement, said downwardly inclined portions of the auxiliary rods heilig locked with the main reinforcing rods and constitutingr shear members for the Hoor slab capital of 'said supporting column.

4. In a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab` a supporting column therefor, and main reinforcing rods embedded in the fioor slab near the under surface thereof fo taking care of the positive bending nioment, of an auxiliary reinforcement embedded in the floor slab near the top surface thereof and positioned in vertical alinemcnt with the column and the capital thereof for taking care ofthe negative bending moment of said slab, said auxiliary reinforcement consisting of rods separate and disconnected from the main reinforcing rods, Said auxiliary rods cach having a certain part thereof horizontally disposed over the column and thc end portions of said auxiliary rods being 4inclined downwardly from the horizontal plane of the body of said auxiliary reinforcement formed by the horizontal portions of said rods, said downwardly inclined end portions of the auxiliary rods having locking engagement with said main reinforcing rods and constitutin shear members for the floor slab of tie supporting column.

ln a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab, a supporting column therefor, lind main reinforcing rods embedded in said slab near the under surface thereof, of auxiliary reinforcing rods embedded horizontally in said slab near the upper surface thereof and positioned over the siipportin column, said auxiliary rods having their en portions extended downwardly from the plane of the horizontal ortions thereof and said downwardly extended rods crossing the horizontal plane of lthe main reinforcing rods so as to serve as shear members for the Hoor slab where it joins with the column,- said downwardly extended ends of the auxiliary rods being looped and. said main rods extending through the loops of said extended ends of the auxiliary rods.

6. In a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab, a supporting column therefor, and main reinforcing rods embedded in said slab near the under surface thereof, of an auxiliary reinforcement composed of two series ofcrossing rods constituting a mat separate from` the main reinforcing rods, said mat being embedded in the floor slab near the upper surface thereof and posiltioned in vertical alinement with said column, said rods composing the auxiliary reinforcing mat having their respective'end portions inclined downwardly from that horizontal plane of the body forming said mat and said downwardly inclined ends of the rods heilig looped, the main reinforcing rods extending through the loops of the auxiliary rods and the downwardly inclined ends of the auxiliary rods constituting shear members for the floor slab adjacent to the. column.

7. Building construction embodying supporting columns, a' floor slab, main reinforcing rods positioned in the lower part of the floor slab, andan auxiliary reinforcement positioned over the column and in the upper part of said slab, said auxiliary reinforcement embodying substantially horizontal rods provided at their ends with loops exsaid main rods engaging or interlacing with said loops.

8, A unitary metal mat or grille for rein forced floor slabs composed of two series of crossing rods the ende; of which rods are providcd with loops, said loops bein inclined relatively to the plane of the boi y of said mat formed by said crossing rods said inclined loops of the mat or grille being adaptedy for the reception of other rods which cotended downwardly to meet said main rods,A

l operate to reinforce a floor slab in the area between slab-supporting columns.

9.*A metal mat or grille for reinforced floor slabs comprising connected horizon- Itally positioned rods forming thebody of said mat or grille, the end portions of said `rods being formed'into loops and said loops being inclined relatively to the plane of said' body, said inclined loops ofthe niet orfgrille being adapted for the reception of other rods which cooperate to reinforce. a door 'slab in the area between slab-supporting,

'e'olumnsA y 10. Building construction embodying a flat slab supported 'on columns extending in rows, mainrods incased in the Aslab at the lower part thereof, said main rods compris ing two seriesv with the rods of one series 4crossing the rods of the other` series in the farea between the columns, and an auxiliary reinforcing mat positioned in theslab near the top surface thereof and` in vertical aline` ment with the column, said auxiliary reinforcing mat being separate from the main rods and comprising short rods havingltlieiiw end portions extended downwardly from the plane of th'e'mat and locking with the main rodsand serving .as shear members for said slab.

' 11. 'Buildingv construction embodying a hflat, slab supported on columns extending iny vtwo directions, main reinforcing rods incased within the slab adjacent to the lower surface thereof, said main rods comprising two series of rods arranged for the rods of one series to cross the rods of the ot'hei'series in the area between the columns, and auxiliary reinforcements positioned in the. slab adjacent to the upper surface thereof and in the ivertical plane of said columns, eachl auxiliaryreinforcement comprising a unitary lstructure composed of attached rods the endlk portions of which are extended down- 'wardly through the material of the slab, which extended end 'poitioiis yof said attached rods are loc-fred willi-the main rods l and'perforinrthe function of shear members for said slab. f

VL2. Building construction embodying a flat slab supported on columns extending in two directions, main reiii'forcing'rods positioned within the slab adjacent to the under surface thereof, said'main rods being. in two .series with the rods of one series crossing the rods of the other series in theA area be- BEST AVAILABLE COP tween thevcoluinns, and auxiliary ,metal reinforcements positioned within the slab near the top surface thereof and in vertical alinement with thel respective columns,l each auxiliary reinforcement being composed of rods 'united in a unitary structure separateV from the main rods and adapted to bepositioned as a, uni-t within the material of the l slab, said rods of the unitary auxiliary re. infor-cement being provided with 'down-165 wardly inclined end portions .extending i through the material of the slab and having locking engagement ywith/ the main 'rods and serving the function of'shear members for said slab. ,f- .l A v13. A mat member for a column head rinforcenient'in a flat" slab floor construction,

the lower portion of the slab'.

11i. A niet for a'coluinn headreinforoement in a flat slab floor construction, com- 80 I pi'ising members, 4each of which is formed ofy a series ofv rods arranged in substantially parallel relation and'in substantially a common pla-ne and having their outer ends connected together, the rods of one member crossingand overlyii'ig` tbe so fait the other member, said members a zhei indsrbeing extended downwardly to tne lower portion ofthe slab. A

15. A reinforced concrete structure comprisiiig columns, a fiat slab floor, and mats formed of belts ofrods disposed substan* tially parallel to and'near the top of the slab and extending longitudinally `and transversely and resisting the bending moment over the columns, and vextending'outwardly -froni the column beyond the point of counter-tlexui'e, and belts of rods close and parallel to the bottom of the slab and ex tending` between the columns and resisting 100 the positive bending moment, said mats .having loopsin which the bottom rods are laid.

ln testimony whereof l have signed my name to this speciication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

KARL R. SCHUSTER.

Nitnessesz A C. W. FiiiizBANii, W. C. CAMrsiiLL.

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