US1210388A - Apparatus for distilling fuel. - Google Patents

Description

H. F. WALLMANN. APPARATUS FOR DISTILL-ING FUEL.

APPLxcMmn man MAY 9. 19.2.

1,210,388. Patented Dec. 2 6, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

l FF! l m R- l I 1 t 1 m. R.

wif/fesses H. F. WALLMANN. APPARATUS FR DSTILLING FUEL. AFPUQAUQN man Mvg, 1912.

Patented Dec. 26, 1916.

Il SHEETS-SHEET 2.

im MMM/fm@ H. F. WALLMANN. APPARATUS FOR DISTILUNG FUEL. APPucmuN mm MAY s. 19:2.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEErcE.

HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLMANN, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING FUEL.

Application led Kay 9, 1912. Serial No. 686,720.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENNING Fninmucn VVALLMANN, a citizen of the United States of America. residing at Chicago, in the countyof (look and State of lllinois, have invented a` new, useful, and Improved Apparatus for Distilling Fuel, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, formv ing a part of this specification, in which similar letters and numerals of reference in the several tigures indicate similar parts.

My invention relates to apparatuses tordistilli ng fuel or hydro-carbonaceoussubstances, such as bituminous coal. lignite, wood, peat, garbage, etc., am] more particularly to apparatuses bv which great quantities of hib drocarbo1nn:vous furl can be quickly heated in conseoutiw order by means of the continuous combustion oi' a minimum amount ot' fue] and can thereby be distilled and coked in consecutive order. but in a very short space oiI time; and t-he objects of my improvements are, first.` to provideprefer ably a plurality of substantially vertical distillation conduits cach with two opposite short, stationarv and two opposite long, movable sideoralls` ot which the latter preferably are parallel to each other and con strncted of well heat-romlncting material; sec-ond, to provide the said long movable side-walls with apertures Vt'or he passage of a distilling agent in gaseous tormmthird, to provide on oml ol' two opposite long sieles of earli distillation conduit a movable heating chamber with one or two oli said long side-walls as part` or parts reslnctively of construction; fourth, to provisie ou the other oi' .said two opposite longl sides ot' each distillation conduit a. movable chamber or rlisrhargca-anal for distillatcs with one or two ot' said long sido-walls as part or7 parts respectively of construction: tii'th, to supply a heating agent or heating agi-nts,

f preferably a combustible and air into the said movable heating chamber and, in the preferred case, to burn the said combustible in the said heating chamber; sixth, to provide means for continuously conveying hydro-carbonareous tuel in a certain direction through each ot tlnI said distillation eon duits and for continumisly moving a dis tilting agent, preferably hot gaseous products of combustion or steam or a mixture of such fluids through the conveyed fuel in a direction transverse to the direction of Specification of Letters Patent.

the fuel conveyance toward the said Inovable chamber or chambers for distillates; seventh, to divide the said chamber for distillates into several compartments for separating from each other distillates generated at different stages of distillation; eighth, to support each of the said movable chambers by means of rollers and to provide suitable mechanical means for moving and preferably for reciprocating the said chambers, preferably in opposite directions, with respect to cach other; ninth, to provide special suitable means for producing a heating and distilling agent; tenth, to provide means for simultaneously cooling and discharging the residue of distillation, in special. cases, the produced coke or charcoal and for properly utilizing the heat withdrawn from such residue; and eleventh, to cool a first portion of distillates generated from moist fuel to thereby 'condense steam of said portion, to discharge separately from each other the resulting water and .a noncondensed part of the said portion, and to lead this non-condensed part into incandescent residue of distillation. I attain these objects by the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which'- Figure l is a `vertical section through one special form ofthe apparatus; Fig. 2 isla. vertical section at right angles to Fig. 1` and on the dotted line m-m in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line :nf-dn. in li`igs. 1 and 2; Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a detail of construction; Fig. 6 illustrates a detail of the improved apparatus. i

R is a receptacle or opper for solid fuel located above a plurality of distillation conduits D, D. A screw-eonveyer S may be provided for transporting fuel from a. magazine M into the receptacle R, and a linkbolt conreyer L may evenly distribute the fuel into the distillation conduits D, D. Each of the latter is oblong in plan, and on one of its long sigles is located ai heating vessel H and on the o )posite side a vessel (l for distillates. The licating'vessels H, H as well as the vessels C, C4 for distillates, are each movably supported by rollers, balls or wheels 10, 10 located andproperly lsupporter] within chambers B, B separatedby ineens of partitions 11, 1.1VV from the distillation conduits I), D an by means of partitions 12, 12 from each other. i Such mov- Y able heating vessels or vessels for distillates as are exposed to a one-sided pressure may be sidewise supported by side rollers or halls 13, 13.v Any Suitable mechanical means may be used for reciprocating the vessels H, H and C, C in opposite horizontal directions und preferably so that two neighboring vcssels move always in opposite directions with respect to each other. In thv` drawings ie' indicated n crank shaft 14 with cranks 1T ro erly connected tothe heating vessels; i, I and with cranks 1li nt an :ingle of 180 degrees relative to the rrimknA 15 tor recio rocating the vessels (l, (l for distillatcsv The movable vesqels ll und l extending into the ohnmlmrs l pass through snit-- able openings; in the partition 11 which openings may fit well enongh to prevent on entrance ot' u considerable amount of solid fuel from the distillation rouduits l), l.) into the chambers l5, l or spor-inl means may be provided for pre-venting auch :in entrance ln Figs. 3, 4 und 5 two movable plates '17, 17 with tupvrcd edges are indicatcd which muy be ndiustubly pronged against Ehe sides of tho movable vessels li und C by menno of ruine` 18. Any Solid fuel that notwithstanding cutters into thu ohnmbers B, B mu f be removrd through ports 19.

Any snitnlilc hunting ugent, pretcrubly hot combustible gus muy he mppiicel into tho lower" port oi eiu'h hunting weasel 1i and may pains4 through ronduit@` 30? 2i), :i dis-- tributing cfunsil 21 und through gus outlet@ 22 into n hunting rhnmber Q3, und in tht case that it is intcndvd to burn the gus, nir muy also be introdurcd into Huid hunting chamber 23 by means of tlm pipe nod regu loting vulve 24, the nir chamber 45 und the nir-outlets 26. The gus muy be ignited by spontaneous ignition, if hot enough, or by any suitable menos, evcntuzilly through tho ports 27 und 28. The rl-Hulting products olf combustion muy be diw'hurgcd from unizh hunting vessel Il. through the pipo und vulve 29 into n chimney :iud'tho ntxnosplu-rc. or the heating ugent, whatever it may consist of, muy be delivered through conduits 25u and 31 und horizontal slots 2:52 und $525 into the fuel contuinefl in thc apport-.lining dis;A tillution conduit l) for hunting und finiti]A ling the fuel therein. Suid vonduitf,` Zio anni 31 are oblong in their crol fwrtion :md c tablish two rows` oi slots, said rows ux tending peint the whole longth or juist tho greater part of tho length oi' tho oppor-- taining conduit 'D with tho voxnhined lengths of suid alot@l longer than holt' the length of Suid conduit. The resulting mixture of distilhitcs und heuting und distilling agent muy bc sucked by menus of cxlmuntors` El und E und suit-.dile pipe connections into the horizontal slots 36 und 37 respon. tively und into the interior of the vessels (l, C for distinctes.

In the case that moist furl such us peut,

f'moist lignite or gurboge is ditilled, the distillutria generated in the upper part of the distillation conduits i), l) and contnining nini-li ntcniu muy be kopt Srpurziti from the ront of thel distiilutrs gcnrrutrd farther down in the distillotion-condi:it I). l), in order that (listillsite's of dierent chemio-ui chururter muy later lie treated und utilined or dersfroyed in n diftoront way. For this purpose u partition it muy ne proviind in #auch vessel und also u body oi non-hceit- .'foudsicting motorini Si) preventing :in cib clmnge oi' trnipcrutiure between distilrites of differ-out chemical rhs-tractor. 1n the cose that tho distiliuter irut gvncrncd from moist: foi-,l rontoin .mine viiimtiole nonrronthrombin gus or anni. diuunse pro/during germs from gurluxgm thc rondiincli exhnuntcr nucl blou'i-r it* :mj: giuri: Sorb difitillntrs iron; the slots iii; sind tho pipo T4 through u voudront-fr W tlfig. Vi; For rou druning nimm. otr., for afwntunilui.' diwbzirg- 'ing tier rwuliing wutvr luist un S obnied pipe or tr-.ip into :i neuer :unl for delivering the lunwondvnsziblo gos to may doiiroble lorutim.. profe'rubl-v into n body of iorundcsvent fuel, oslo-Multi.' in tlu-` msc thut the nou-reauslcnfozbh gmx routninn diwuuc liroduring gorros from ',gjurimgc,

in ordini io iloffiiuwi n lli-Ming' und ii'uiilling ugcnt. i invii-ruhig; gfzniiiy :i mrt oi' tin rrmiilru of :lisilzition und l'or tliiu purpose l inol'ornblr nrrungo :L f'om'ilustionf'lnlniincr or proiluee-rilu:l'l, l briow llulintillntion rouduits l, l). un @shown in ifigs. l und i '.l'lw incl in tlul prmluf'ir-slmit ii in Figs. i unil Ei i:- huiilortc-d by munir olI :L cliziin or link-.boli-c-onw'wr l" und by uuzsns oi' cooling rvwls li. K1. iuorubl'r supported la); rollers. iu|ll or u'luu'ls lil loiutcd :nul Supporte-1l in turn within rhunillcrs l, 'l Hnpusllwl by insumo` nlI partitions ll", lll from iiul ronduilsthl bolou tlugmulurcr simil. l'. il 'I'unl( wlmi( 14" with rrunhs l und. lll :irrungwl :it nuglw: ol' lou di griech with rrspvrt. to mich otlwr. muy rc ripromtv ilu wusvls ii und K- prciurubly in horixoulul clirgrtiom. but in opposite direwiiuu willi i'oniur'r to wu'li oilivi'. Ali' und {ire|'cr:il|| wail-r or strooi Supplird through wipes `lul into tho woei-ls l( :md lii for :ilomrbiug limit from tho resultar of dis lillzitioo bvi'oru thc 'dirwmrge tlm-roi" i'roui the Iowa-r imrt oi this :Winn-nin by moons oi' he ronwrvr if. Tho re'nuliing not mixturc ol' :iir :ind strom li-ures thc ronald# l( :ind li* through horixoutul ylot4` :il und nl'tcr Mite-ring into thc lowur port of the produrcrimlft lj rin-:s iu tho fue! lwil thm-ro in toward thc lowor mid ol' vnunl@` li und of ilul ifi-cls if., thm-chr ggfrncrutiug neuliwziivr gam in thu wcll known my. Vl`hcsu cuuulu :iii :irc providcd in stzltionury wnllS of refractory inutoriul 4L cui-li surh wail boing Suspended below u reciprocuily Enorduits 20, gas distributing p exhauster E for sucking able vessel H by means of a stationary metal frame 42 preferably consista of two long pieces of cast iron bolted toget er with the top of a refractory wall between them. These stationary walls Lt1 extend down into the fuel-bed w1thin the producer shaft P and the canals 35 communicate through concanals E21 and gas outlrts 22 with heating chambers 23 so that gas generated in the producer shaft P may flow into the heating chambers 23 and may preferably be consumed therein.

Each of the vessels C being divided by partitions into several compartments, the lowest 43 of the latter is open at its bottom and is connected by means of a pipe 44 to an a part of the semi- Watergas generated in the producer shaft P,

through fuel located above the lower end of the walls 4l and below that of the vessels C. The hot semi-watergas in flowing from the producer shaft P toward the chambers 43 acts as a distilling agent on this fuel and evaporates the rest of volatile matter cony tained therein.

The movable parts of the required piping;r as are connected to the movable vessels ll., C, K, K1 are operatively connected to stationary pipes, exhausters or other stationary parts ofthe apparatus by means of stuffing lmxcs 45 or by similar devices as will be understood by any mechanic.

The movable vessels H and C may preferably be provided with studs 4 for crushin the fuel before it drops from the distillation conduits D, D into the producershaft P.

As the How of the fluid in this apparatus is promoted preferably by suction, proper care is taken that air from the atmosphere can enter into the apparatus only at desirable places and not through a magazine M or through a store-room into which the prouced coke is delivered by means of the conveyer F.

The products of combustion a from the burningr of semi-watergas in the heating-chambers 23 consist mainly of nitrogen. rarbonic acid gas and steam, formingr a mixture which by its passage through the fue] between the slots 33 and 37 at '.1 mod-y erate temperature not effecting a reduction of the carbonio acid gas to carbon-monoxid, mixes with permanently gaseous and also with condensable distillates such as tar, naphtha, ammonia, etc. I heat the mixture of same and distilling fluid to red heat, thus decomposing the condensable distillates and disengagng carbon therefrom which iu its nascent state combines with the carbonio acid to carbonmonoxid, theresult being that the condensa ble distillates are converted into a. permanent, fixed as Without a consequential amount of so id or eondensable residue remaining therefrom. This result resulting conduits D,

will be understood. by every engineer. Tn larger gas plants where 1t 1s of advantage to separately utilize the condensable distillates or a part thereof, l separate the same from the permanently gaseous part of the 'gas mixture by the saine means that are ordinarily used for the same or a similar purpose,

The apparatus operates as follows: After some easily burning' fuel has been placed on the convcyer F, being;r at rest, and has been ignited in any suitable way with the valves 29 open to a chimney, more fuel may be su pplied into the chambers G, (fr, and into the producer-shaft P and some air, water or steam may be admitted into the vessels K and K1 where the Water will evaporate with increased heat from the fire. The exhaus ters El, E2 and E@ may then be started and more fuel supplied until the producer-shaft l and the distillation conduits l), D are filled with fuel to their top. As soon as the fuel in the producer-shaft I has become incandescent, semi-watergas will be generated and flow linto the heating chambers H, VH where it can be ignited through ports :2T and 28 after air has been admitted through the valves and pipes 24. .A slow rotation of the crankshafts M and 14 may now be started and thereby a reciproca] motion of the vessels H, (l, K and K1 fox-'agitatingr the fuel in the conduits D and (fr. By now closing the valves 29, the exhausters E and E2 suck products of combustion from the heating chambers :'23 through the fuel in the conduits D, D and eventually through thc i condenser n and deliver each a mixture of products of combustion and uncondensed distillates to some predetermined location. The exhauster E sucks at the same time semi-watergas through the fuel in the upper part of the prmluoer-shaft l, thereby completely evaporatinar all volatile ingredients of this fuel. As soon as the process of distillation is thus suiiriently advanced, the conveyer F may start to deliver the residue of distillation into a storerooni separated from the atmosphere.

In the case that it is not intended to manufacture coke or charcoal, the coolingr chambers K and K1 and the conveyer F may be dispensed with and a suitable grate substituted.

lith the use of certain kinds of fuel a rcrushing; of the produced coke or charcoal 4may not be necessary and the studs l may accordingly be dispensed with. Also the eonveyer F `may be provided with means for breaking the produced coke or charcoal when discharged from the lower end of the D, and, with such provision made, the studs 4 may be dispensed with.

kported vessel for ol", means In such case the stroke of the reciprocal motion of the vessels C1 and H1 may he reduced to a few inches or to an inch.

lu the case` that the production of a gas not containing a substantial quantityT ot' free nitrogen is desired. the slots il! and 3? may he dispensed with andthe products ot conihustion may he discharged from the heating vessel 23 through a pipe 2) (Figs, l and 2).

In order to more effectively heat the fuel in the distillation conduits l), l) by means of a heating,lr vessel not in couimunication therewith hut heated to a higher tempera turc, a part of the heating vessel. especially a part oi' its long sidewalls may lio made oi' refraetory material such as porrelain`y etc.

ln the case that it is desirable for reasons explained above to lead nou-eoiulensahle gas from moist lfuel and from a condenser lV into ineaxulescent residue of distillation or into a gas llanu, au exhauster Fil may he connected either to a pine fl() and thi-roby to a cooling vessel K or li.

I claim:

l.. In an apparatus for l'ractiomilly distillinp; solid fuel, a distillation conduit constructed to convey solid fuel from a locality of lower toward one ol higher temperature, means for heating.;r luel conveyed within said conduit, an inlet l'or fuel and an outlet for solid combustible into and 'out of respectively said ronduit, a plurality ol" outlets for' distillati-5 from said conduit and, intermediate hetwecn said inlet and said outlet at localities ol' temperatures different from each other, and a plurality of Canals each communicating through om.` of said outlets for distillates with said conduit, and said canals adapted to krop apart distillates of dill'i-rent chemical hal-autel'.

Vln an apparatus for distilling fuel` a distillation conduit, a movably supported heating Vessel adapted to transfer heat to solid fuel in said conduit, a movuhly suplhe discharge of' distillates from the said "onduit, and mechanical means for movingr the two said vessels for agitation' fuel in mid ronduit.

il. In an apparatus for distillingr fuel., a distillation conduit, two movable side-walls ot' the said conduit on opposite sidesl therel'or transt'erring;r heat to solid fuel in ,said conduit. a eau-al for the discharge of distillatemfroni the said conduit, and mechanical means loxmoving said two sidei'alls and llor thereby agitating fuel in :Said conduit.

4. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, a movnhlv supported heating vessel adapted to transfer heat to fuel in said conduit, a combustion chamber within said vessel, means for pupplying fuel and air into said combustion cl'iamber, and mechanical means adapted to be continudistillation conduit for ously in operation for moving said vessel and for thereby egitating fuel in said conduit.

5. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distilling fuel, two stationary side-nails of the said conduit on nouw-:ite aides thereof, two movable side walls ol' the said conduit on opposite sides tlm-entr, and mechanical means adapted to more the said two movable side-wilhelm thereby agitation 'fuel in said conduit.

(l. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit`r two perforated. movahle sidewalls on opposite sides of said conduit, a canal for supplying a4 gaseous distilling fluid through. one of said sidewalls into said ronduit, and a secoial canal for disrhar;'gingr a mixture of distillates and gaseons distilling fluid from said conduit through the other of said sidewalls.

T. lo an apparatus for distilling fuel, a plurality of oblong, substantially parallel distillation eondu'itsi4 two stationary sidewalls on.` opposite sides of each of the said conduits, two movable sidewalls on opposite aides of rauh of the said conduits` in mechanical means for moving Said movable sidewalls.

in an apparatus for distilling fuel. a pluralityV ol oblong' substantially parallel distillation conduits'. two perforated side*- walls on opposite sides et' and in Contact with the` fuel within cach of said conduits, a source of hot distilliug fluid. and two canals provided for each of Said conduits, one ol said two canals communicating with said source and through one ol said two pcrioratml walls with the appel-taining conduit, and the other of said two canals communicating through the other of said two perforated walls with the saine conduit for discharging: therefrom a mixture of distillates and said fluid.

fl. ln an apparatus for fractionally distilling solid fuel, a distillation conduit con'- structed to convey solid fuel from a. locality ot' lower toward one of higher temperature, means for heating fuel conveyed Within said ronduit, three outlets for distillates from said conduit at localities of temperatures dilllcrent from each othern and means forlieening apart dislillates of different chemical character'.

10. In an apparatusfor fractionally distilling solid fuel, a distillation conduit constructed to convey solid fuel from locality of lower toward one of higher temperature s. vplurality of inlets for distilling fluid and a plurality of outlets for mixtures of said fluid and of distillates into and out of respectively said conduit at localities of tempvraturesdilerent from each other, and a plurality of canals for discharging from said outlets separately from each other distillatee of different chemical character.

11. In anapparatus for fractioniily dis tillingr solid fuel, a distillationconduit censtrut-ted to convey solid fuel in downward direction from locality of lower toward one ofn higher temperature, means for heatlng fuel conveyed within said conduit, means for agitating fuel in substantially horizontal directions Within said conduit, and a plurality of outlets for distillates from said conduit at localities of temperatures different from cach other,

1:2. In an apparatus for continuously distilling fuel, a distillation conduit con-- structed to continuously convey fue from an inlet for fuel in substantially vertical dlrection toward an outlet for solid combustible, means provided to be continuously in operation for supplying fuel into said inlet and for discharging solid combustible from said outlet, a combustion chamber lateral to said conduit and constructed to produce, while Ain operation, always gaseous products of substantially, continually uniform chen-1i cal character, means for moving hot gaseous products of combustion from said chamber through fuel'conveyed Within said conduit, and means for separating resulting gaseous mixture of said products and of distillates from resulting residue of distillation.

13. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a substantially vertical distillation conduit, an inlet for fuei at the upper and an outlet for solid combustible at the lower end of Said conduit, a continual source of combles tible gas of substantially` cmitinually uni form chemical character, a combustion chamber lateral to said conduit, an inlet for combustible gas from said source and an air inlet into said chamber, and means for metr4 ing hot gaseous products of coi'nbustion from said chamber through fuel within said conduit. v

1l. In an apparatus for continufmsly` dis tilling fuel, a distillation conduit constructed to continuously convey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward an outlet for solid combustible. means for continuously supplying fuel into said inlet 'and for continuously discharging solid combustible from said outlet, a continual source of combustible gas of substantially, continually uniform chemical character. a heating chamber lateral to said conduit and communicating with said source and constructed to heat fuel conveyed Within said conduit, and an inlet for a hot distilling fluid not containing a eonsequem tial amount of free oxygen into, and an outlet for mixture of saiidiluid and of distillates out of said Conduit through sidewalls thereof and at localities intermediate hetu'een said inlet for fuel and .said outlet for solid combustible. V

l5. In an apparatus for continuously and fractionally distilling fuel. u 'listillation conduit constructed to crntinuously convey fuel from a locality of lower toward one of higher temperature and to fractionally distil said fuel during its conveyance. a plurality of inlets and a plurality of outlets through sidewalls of said conduit and at localities of temperatures different from each other, a combustion chamber communieating, through said inlets with said conduit and provided for delivering gaseous products of combustion thereinto, and a plurality of canals each communicating through one of said outlets with said conduit and provided for keeping apart distillatcs of different chemical character.

lli. ln an apparatus for fraetionally distilliug fuel, a distillation conduit constructed to convey fuel from a locality of lower toward one of higher temperature and to fractionally distil said fuel, an inlet for fuel into and an outlet for solid combustible out of said conduit, a heating chamber lateral to vsaid conduit, an inlet and an outlet for a heating fluid into and out of respectively said chamber, a Vwall qualified to transfer heat from contents of said chamber to fuel-conveyed within said conduit, and a plurality of outlets for distillates from said conduit intermediate between said inlet for ,fuel and said outlet for solid combustible and at localities of temperatures different from each other for discharging separately from each other distillates of dif ferent chemical character.

17. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit with two opposite short and two opposite long sidewalls in its horizontal cross-section, an inlet for fuel and an outlet for solid combustible atthe upper and lower end respectively of said conduit, a substantially horizontalslot for the passage of fluid provided in one of the said long sidewalls at a locality intermediate between said inlet and the said outlet, said slot extending past the whole length or past the greater part of the length of said long side L wall, and means for moving'uid through Suid slot.

18. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit with two opposite shortand 'two opposite long sidewalls in its horizontal c1'osssection. an inlet for fuel and an outlet for solid combustible at the upper and lower end respectively of -said conduit. a substantially horizontal ro'w of slots for the passage of fluid provided in each of the sai long sidewalls at a locality intermediate between said inlet and said outlet` said trow extending past the whole. length or xthe greater part'of the length of said long ,sidewall and the combined length of said slots occupying more than one half of said length of sidewall. and means for moving fluid through said slots.

lfl. In an lapparatus for distilling fuel. a

distillation conduit, means for heating fuel combustible residue o. disitillation, und. a

conveyer below saidvessel and constructed to convey combustible residue of distillation discharged from said conduit.

"20. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, means for heating fuel within said conduit, a movable coolingvesl sel, means for moving said vessel, an inlet -for a. cooling agent into said vessel, and a heatwnducting wall of said vessel and corsstructed to he in contact on one side with said agent and on an op osite side with hot combustible residue o distillation for coolin this residue.

Q1. n an apparatus for distilling fuel, a

within said conduit,

distillation conduit, means for heating fuel a reciprocally movable cooling vessel, means for reciprocating said vessel, an inlet for a. cooling fluid 'into said vessel, and a heat-conducting wall of said vessel and constructed to be in Contact on one side with said fluid and on an o posits side with hot, combustible residue ofpdivtil` lation for cooling this residue.

22. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, a heating chamber, an inlet for a heating agent into said chamber, a heat-conducting wall of said chamber constructed to be in contact on one side with said heatin Y agent and on an opposite side with fuel wlthin said conduit, a cooling vee sel, an inlet for a cooling agent into said vessel, and a heatconducting wall of said vos sel and constructed to he in Contact on one side with said cooling agent 'and on an oo posite side with hot combustible residue of distillation discharged from said conduit.

23. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, a heating chamber lateral to said conduit and communicating therewith, an inlet for a heating fluid ont containing a consequential amount of free oxy en into said chamber, a canal for thc disc arge of distillates and-lateral to said conduit but on an opposite side thereof with respect to said chamber, and means for sui-lt ing said fluid into said chamber and for .sucking distillates from said conduit into and out of said canal.

24. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit, a combustion chamber for heatin fuel within said conduit and lateral to t e latter, an inlet for combustible and an air-inlet into said chamber, a plurality of canalsceparate from each other for the discharge .of distllates and lateral to said conduit but on an opposite side thereoiI with r to said chamber, and means for suckin distiller/es from said conduit into each o said canals and to discharge distillates from each of the same separately and kept apart from distillatcs sucked into and discharged from :my other of said canals.

25. ln an apparatus lor distilling fuel, two distillation conduits, un inlet and an outlet for solid fuel into and out of respectively euch of said two conduits, a comhustion chamber between the two said conduits and constructed to heat fuel within euch of the latter, two inner Walls each between said chamber and one of said two conduits, two outer walls each ut the opposite side of one of said two conduits with respect to the appertaining inner wall, and cach said outer wall provided with an outlet for distillates.

26. ln an apparatus for distilling fuel, a plurality of distillation conduits substantially parallel to each other and each oblong in a horizontal cross-section thereof, an inlet for solid fuel into the pier part and un outlet for combustible resul from the lower part of each of said conduits, aV plurality of heating chambers each adjacent to one of said conduits and located on a iirst oblong side thereof, a pluralitv of diecharge-chambers ad'acent to but cpt apart from each other or the separate disciargc of distillatcs of different character from euch one of said conduits and located on an opposite oblong side of each one of said conduits with respect to said first ob long side, and a wall constructed to keep apart the contents of each two of said adieccnt discharge chambers.

27. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a pluralitv of distillation conduits each constructe to convey solid fuel in a substantially vertical dirci-tion and to distil said fuel during its conveyance, a plurality of combustion chambers each lateral to one of said conduits and each constructed to heat fuel in one ot tbc latter, a conveyor con structed to deliver. combustible residue of distillation dischur ed from the lower part of each one of sai conduits. a mechanism constructed to deliver fuel into the upper part of each one of said conduits, and means for moving said conveyor and said mecha nism. 28. In an apparatus for distillingfuei'; l. plurality of d1stillation-conduits an inlet for solid fuel into and an outlet lor residue of distillation out of each one of said conduits, a plurality of heating chambers each lateral to and communicating with one of said conduits, an inlet for a. distilling fluid into each one of said heating chambers, a plurality of discharge chambers eachflateral to and communicating with one of said con duits, and means for leading said fluid into and through said heatin chambers, into and through said conduits and into and through said discharge-chambers for heatingr fuel within seid conduits andor dis charging resulting distillates.

ue of distillation solid fuel into the upper part and an outlett'or combustible residue of distillation` from .the lower part of each of said conduits, a

plurality of combustion chambers each oblon in a. horizontal crosslsection thereof an each adjacent and lateral to and between two of said conduits, au inlet for combustible and an air-inlet into and an outlet for gaseous products of combustion out of each of said chambers", and'mcans for transferring heat from said ,gaseous products to solidfucl within said conduits.

3l). lu au .apparatus for distilling fuel, two substantially upright distillation conduits lateral und sulistantially parallel to each other and each oblong in a horizontal cross-section thereof, an inlet for solid fuel into the upper, part and an outlet for residue `oi distillation from the lower part of cach of'said conduits, two heating chambers each lateral and substantially parallel to jonc of said conduits and communicating there with. and oblong in the same said crosssection, a source of heating agent communicat ing with each of said heating;r chambers, a dicharge chamber lateral and'substa'ntially parallel to and between said conduits and communicating therewith and oblong in the 'same said cross-section, and means for leading gaseous fluid from said source through said heating chambers and through said conduits into and through said discharge chamber. 4

31. In --an apparatus for distilling fuel, two combustion chambers, an inlet for combustiblc and an air-inlet into each one ot' said two chambers, a distillation conduit between the said two chambers, a wall between each one of said chambers and said conduit,

an inlet for solid fuel into the upper part of said conduit, an outlet for comhustil'ile `residue of distillation from the lower part of said conduit,`and means for leading hot gaseous products from one of said chambers through fuel in said conduit.

32. In an 'apparatus for distillin'g fuel, a' conduit constructed to convey and distilfuel, an inlet for fuel into'and an outlet for combustible residue of distillation from said conduit, a combustion chamber lateral to' said conduit, a wall between said chamber and said conduit, an inlet for combustible and an air-inlet into said chambenimd means For leadingr hot gaseous products of combustion Vfrom said chamber past said wall through fuel within said conduit."y

In anapparatus fordistilhng t'uel, a conduit oblong in a horizontal crossfsectlon and constructed to convey and to distil sohd short'side walls of said conduit, an inlet for solid fuel into the upper part of said conduit, an outlet for residue of distillation 'from a, lower part of said conduit, means' for heating one of said long side walls, an

aperture in the other of said long side-walls, and a canal communicating through said aperture withA said conduit for discharging generated distillates.

34. In an apparatus for distilliug fuel, a

conduit oblong in a vhorizontal cross-section a fuel, two opposite long and two opposite 65.

and constructed to convey and to istil solid j fuel, two Aopposite long perforated andtwo opposite short sidewalls of' said conduit,

means for heating a first of said longr per' foi-ated walls, means for leading,r a hot gaseous 'distilling fluid through said first of said long perforated walls into and through fuel within said conduit, an outlet for a mixture' of said iiuid and distillates from the upper part of said conduit, and a canal communieating through a second'of said long perforated walls `with said conduit for discharging disti'llates therefrom.

35. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, two separate combustion chambers at a dis tance from each other, a separate inlet for combustible and 'a separate air-inlet into each one of said two chambers, means for conveying'solid fuel heated in a location between said tivo chambers toward an outlet 4forresidue of distillation, means for leading hot gaseous products of combustion from said two chambers into andthrough said solid fuel during said conveying, and means' walls and constructed to convey` fuel from` an inlet forfuel ttm-jard an outlet for solid combustible with said fuel distilled during its conveyance, means for heating one o'f.

saidtwo `long sidewalls and thereby fuel;

conveyed in said conduit, a mechanical member provided to b'e in operation for the impeding of an adherence of fuel under distillation within said conduit, to said one of said long sidewalls, and means for moving said member. t

37. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation conduit oblong in a horizontal cross-section thereof and provided withtwo opposite longer and two opposite shorter t side walls .and constructed to convey fuel. `from an inlet for tuel ln downwarddlret-tion toward vah outlet for solid combustible with said' fuel distilled during its conveyance. means for heating fuel within said conduit, and means for .agitating fuel adjacent to said longer walls in ,substantially horizontal directions for impeding its adherence to said longer walls.

38. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a pluralityr of distillation conduits cach oblonff and all to each other substantially paral el in a horizontal crosssection and constructed to convey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward un outlet for solid combustible with said fuel distilled during itsI conveyance, a mechanical member provided for each one. of said conduits to impede an adherence of fuel to a wall of the appertaining conduit, :and means for moving said meinber.

3S). In :in apparatus for continuously and fructioually distilling fuel, a distillation ronduit constructed to continuously convey a mass ol fuel from a locality of lower towa rd omI ol' higher temperature and to fracv tionalli` distl said mass during its conveyance, means l'or heating said mass, means for witlulruwing distillates Yfrom said mass, und means for keeping apart from each other distillates crap 'rated at localities of temperatures diflerent from each other.

4U. In an apparatus for continuously and fraotionally distilling furl, a plurality of distillation conduits earh constructed to convey u uniss of fuel from a locality of lower toward om of higher temperature and l'rartiomdilr dis-til said mass during its conveyance. nii-ans for withdrawin distillates fro-'i said mass, and means or keeping al. i from oaf-.h other distillates evaporated at localities of temperatures different from cach other.

4l. ln an apparatus for distillin fuel, a pluralityr of distillation conduits eac i oblong in a horizontal crosssectiou and each constructed to convey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward an outlet for solid combustible with said fuel distilled during its conveyance, two opposite shorter and two opposite longer sidewalls provided for each of sai conduits, and -u piuralityof substantially horizontal slots provided. 'in each of said longer walls for the passage of fluid and located between said inlet and said outlet and means for moving fluid through said slots.

42. In an apparatus for continuously distilling fuel, a distillation conduit constructed to continuously convey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward an outlet for solid combos tible with said fuel distilled during'its conveyance.l a conveyor constructedto be com tinuously in operation for supplying fuel toward said inlet, a second comjeyer constructed to be continuously in operation for delivering solid combustible discharged from said outlet, means for heatingfuel conveyed in said conduit, and meansor oontinuously separating resulting distilates `from resulting combustible residue of distillatom,

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43. In an apl'mratus for distilling fuel, a plurality of distillation conduits each ob long!` and all to each other suhstantiall parallel in a horizontal cross-section t icreof and each constructed to convey fuel from un inlet for fuel toward an outlet for solid com hustihle with said fuel distilled during its conveyance, two opposite shorter und two opposite longer sidewalls provided for each of said conduits, and a plurality of substantially horizontal rows of slots provided in, cach of said longer r alls for the passage ot fluid and located between said inletand said outlet and each row extending past the whole length or vthe greater part of the length of the appertaining conduit, and means for movin fluid through a part of said slots into ani through another partof said slots out of the appertainin conduit,

44. In an apparatus for distilling hiel, a distillation chamber, means for supplying solid fuel into and for discharging solid combustible out of said chamber, means for heatin and for thereby distillin'g fuel witlr in sai chamber, means for separating resulting distillate:l from resulting residue of distillation, means for preventing an entrance of a consequential amount of -air of natural chemical character into said chamber, a source ot' carbonio acid, a canal constructed to be free of a consequential amount of solid fuel, and means for su plying carbonio acid from said source tlirough said canal into said residue within said distillation chamber after said distillates have been separated from said residue.

45. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation chamber, means for supplying solid fuel into and for discharging solid combustible out of said chamber, means for heatin and for thereby distilling fuel within sai chamber, means for separating resulting distillates from resulting residue of distillation, means for preventing an entrance of a consequential amountof nir of natural chemical characteriinto said cham ber, a combustion chamber constructed to produce, While in operation, always gaseous products not containing a consequential amount of free oxygen but containing a aubV stantial amount of carbonio acid as result of' almost complete combustion, means pro-` vided to prevent an entrance of a consequential amount of solid fuel from said distillm tion chamber into said combustion chamber, means for supplying aseous products from the latter said cham r into, residue pre- 'viously separated from said distillates, and

means for discha'r 'ng resulting gaseoust fluid from said resi ue.

16. In an apparatus `for dstlllmg fuel, a distillation chamber, means for' supplying solid fue4 into and for -discharging solid combustible ont of said chamber,l means for heating and/for thereby Rolling-fuel 'of,substantially continually, uniform chemical character, un air supply, e combustion chamber communicating 'with said source, .With-said uit' supply and with seid distillation chamber, means provided to prevent ,un 4,entrance of e consequential amount of solid fuel from said distillation chamber into seid combustion chamber, means for,

supplying gaseous products of combustion from they latterly said chamber into residue.

previously sepuretedfrom seid distillates, and means for discharging resulting fluid from said reeidue.-

47. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, e distillation chamber, means for supplying solid fuel into and for discharging solid combustible out of seid chamber, means for heating and for thereby distilling fuel within said chamber, .mcunsfor separating resulting distillates from resulting residue of distillation, means for pre,- venting en entrance of e consequential amount of .air of natural chemical cheracter into scid chamber, a primary combustion chamber constructed to produce, While in operation always" substantially one und the same kind of combustible gus with respect. to the chemical character thereof, un air-supply, e secondary com hustion ohumber iu communication Vwith seid primary combustion chamber, with said air-suply' und with mid distillation chamber and) constructed to producevr gaseous products containing a substantiel amount' of carbonio acid, and means 'for' supplyingresulting gaseous products from said secondary combustion chamber into residue separated from said distillates'.'

4,8. In un apparatus for fractionally disf tilling fuel, n distillation conduit constructed to convey h muss of solid fuel from n zone of lower temperature `in con-l trl etes of different chemical character und' secutive order through u` plurality of distillution zones of gradually increusedtempeintures-euch subsequent .zone of u higher tempera-ture than the preceding zone-toward a receptacle for soli( combustible, meuiis for 'preventing an eutiunce of o consequential amount of free oxygen Ifrom the 'atmosphere into fuel conveyed within said zones, menus for heating fuel conveyed A within suifl distillation zones. means for .ogituting fuel within suid distilluton zones m directions transverse to the direction ol its conveyance. unil means for discharging generated distllutcs 4separately out of cach one of Suid distillation zones.

10. in z vru'utus for distillingr fuel` fau-lult constructed to convey rseid receptacle, ineens, for preventin fuel from un inlet for .fuel toward an outlet for combustible residue of distillation, y

means `tor' heating and thereby distilling fuel conveyed within said conduit, n movable sidewall' of said conduit 'and located between suid inlet and seid outlet. and

meunsfor moving Suid sidewall.

'In un apparatus for distilling fuel, l a distillation conduit constructed to convey fuel from un inlet for fueltou'nrd u cooling conduit, means for heating und thereby distilling fuel within vseid4 distillation conduit,meuns for cooling combustible residue of distillation within said cooling conduit, a. moveble'wall of said cooling conduit, und ineens for moving said welll.

- 51. In an apparatus for distilling fuel, c. distillation conduit constructed to con- Vey fuel from an inlet for fuel toward an outlet for combustible residue of distillation, an' aperture in a sidewall of said conduit und 4located between said inlet and said outlet, means provided to prevntgan entrance of a consequential .amount of 4nir in its natural chemical composition into seid conduit, o. combustion' chamber communicating through said uperture with' seid Vconduit and constructed to produce, while in operation, always gaseous products of substantially, continually uniform chemical character, and means for discharging a mixture of said gaseous products and of distillntes from said conduit.

"52. A. combination with an apparatus for fractional distillation. und comprising, 'a plurality of distillation-zones partly of lower and partly of higher temperature` with respect to each other, e receptacle for combustible residue of distillation, e, conduit, meuns for moving portions of a ifnussl of solid fuel in downward direction Within seid conduit through said zones toward,

an entrance of a consequential amount o air of natural chemical character into said conduit, a heating chamber lateral to seid conduit and adapted to heut fuel in the lutter, u luriility of separate receptacles for disseparately from any other of saidzcunalsdiillates from one of seid zones to one of said receptacles for distilletes.

53. A'combination with an apparatus for lot fractional distillation and comprising, a,

plurality of distillation zones partly o f louer und partly of higher temperature with respect to eachother. a conveyor-,for

delivering combustible residue of distille# tion, a conduit, means for moving portions of a muss oi' solid fuel within said condiiit through seid zones toward said conveyer, a plurality of separate receptacles for dis'.-

:llill tillatcs of different chemical character and located exterior of but in operative prox. imity to said apparatus. and a plurality of canals each constructed to deliver separately from unyother of said canals diS- tillates from one oi said said receptacles for distillates.

54. A combination with an apparatus for fractional distillation` and comprising, a first distillation zone of lower and a, second distillation zone of higher temperature with respect to each other, a receptacle for combustible residue of distillation, a conduit, means for moving portions of a mass of solid fuel within said conduit; throufh said zones toward said receptacle, means For preventing au entrance of a consequential amount ot' air of natural chemical character into said conduit, an aperture in a sidewall ot said conduit., means for heating and for thereby distilling fuel in said first zone, means for leading a distilling duid containingl a substantial amount oi' carbonio acid through said aperture into fuel within said second zone, two separate receptacles for distillates of different chemical character and located exterior of but in operative proximity to said apparatus, and tiro canals each constructed to deliver separately from the other one thereof distillates from one ofsaid zones to ono of said receptacles for distillates.

In an apparatus for distilling fuel, two walls at a. distance from each other, two aperturesl one thereof provided within one and the other thereot` provided within the other of said walls, al receptacle for solid fuel, means for moving a mass of fuel between and in Contact with said Walls from said receptacle past said apertures toward an outlet for combustible residue of distillation, means tor leading.,r through each one ot' said apertures gaseous products oi' combustion not containing a consequential amount of air of natural chemical chan aeter, into fuel between said walls, and means for separating rewriting,r fluid from resulting combustible residue of distillation.

5G. In an apparatus for the production ot' distillates and combustible residue of distillation, a distillation conduit, means for moving e mass of solid fuel from a recepv tacle therefor in downward direction through salid conduit toward an outlet of the latter, means for leading; a hot distilling fluid uotcontainingr a consequential amount of air of natural chemical character, into fuel of said mass while moving within said conduit, means Jor sepa'ratin resulting mixture of said fluid and distillates 'from resulting' combustible residue of distillation, and means for transporting resulting separated combustible rcsidue from below said outlet in a direction transverse to the direczones to one of tion ot' Isaid moving toward the exterior of said apparatus.

57. A combination with an apparatus for V'fractional distillation and comprising, a rccoptacle forv combustible residue of distillation, a distillation conduit for conveying solid fuel from a locality of lower through one ol' higher tcn'lperature toward Said receptacle, means l'or preventing an entrance of a consequential. amount of air into fuel within said ronduit, means for heating fuel conveyed within said conduit, a plurality of outlets for distillates from said conduit at localities of' temperatures different from each other, a plurality of separate. receptacles for dstillates ot different Achemical character and located at the exterior of said-apparatus, anda plurality of canals each for delivering separately from any other ol' said canals distillates from one of said outletsl to one of said receptacles for distillates,

5S. A combination with an apparatus for fractional distillation and comprising, aren ceptacle for combustible residue of distillation, a distillation conduit'for conveying solid fuel from a locality of lower past one oi higher temperature toward said receptacle means `for heating fuel conveyed within said conduit, three outlets for distillates from said conduit at localities of temperatures ditl'ercx1t-fron1 eachother, three separate receptacles for distillates of different chemical character' and'located at the exterior of said apparatus, and three canals each tor delivering separately from the other two of said canals, distillates from one of said outlets to one of said receptacles for distillate-S.

5l). In an apparatus for distilling fuel, a distillation chamber, means for supplying solid fuel into and for discharging oomhustihle residue oi distillation out of said chamber, means 'tor leading a rst distilling fluid not containing a consequential amount of air, into fuel within said chamber for primarily distilling said fuel, means for separating resulting distillates from resultin ar residue, means for leading a second distilling Huid of chemical character dierent `trom that of said first fluid but not containing a consequential amount of' air of natural chemical character, into said residue for sccondarily distilling the latter, means for separating resultinganixtnre of gaseous liuids 'from resulting residue of secondary distillation, and means 'for discharging separately from cach other said mixture and said distillates from said chamber.

(i0. ln an apparatus t'or dstilling fuel, two combustion chambers at a distance from each other and constructedl to produce, while in operation, always substantially one and the same kind of gaseous products with sus respect to the chemical character of the latter, and one of said chambers partly located in one with the other of said chambers partlylocated in the other of two geol metrical vertical planes parallel to each other, a receptacle for solid fuel, means for moving a mass of fuel from said receptacle in downward direction between said planes toward an outletl for combustible residue of distillation, means for preventing an entrance of a consequentia amount ofA air of natural chemical character into fuel of said mass during its said moving, means for leading gaseous products from both said chambers through fuel 'of said mass during i its said moving, means for separating resulting mixture of gaseous fluids from 'resulting combustible residue of distillation, and means for transportin resulting separatedv combustible residue outlet in a direction transverse to that of said moving toward the exterior of said upparatus. i

HENNING FRIEDRICH WALLHANN.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM D. PnNnnm'roN, JOHN R. PENNme'roN.

rom below said 2e

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