US1163786A - Hoist. - Google Patents

Description

W. 8. SMITH;

HOIST.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.2B. 1914.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

CDLUMEIA PLANOORAPH CO.,WASHINGTDN, D. c.

WILLIAM S. SMITH, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

HOIST.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

Application filed. February 28, 1914. Serial No. 821,648.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, WILLIAM S. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Cambridge, in the county of of MiddleseX and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hoists.

My invention relates to that class of hoists in which a reciprocating movement is imparted to a movable mast for the purpose of raising and lowering the object to be moved.

My device is particularly adapted for use as an ash-hoist in an areaway or shaft, such as is usually provided in a sidewalk and customarily covered with a removable grating or cover. A convenient and inexpensive means for operating this type of hoist is readily found in the ordinary city service water pressure, and for that reason I preferably construct my apparatus for operation by hydraulic pressure, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but it is obvious that other means could be used. In installing this device, the cylinder is ordinarily placed in an upright position at the bottom of the areaway and so located that the arm on the top of the mast and the ash can, or other object to be moved, will clearthe sides of the areaway and the frame of the grating or cover when the mast is raised or lowered. It has been found that under ordinary circumstances, a convenient form of construction is that which embodies a series of sheaves so disposed with relation to each other and the fixed or anchored end of the cable, that a movement at the ratio of three to one will be imparted to the free end of the cable, in comparison with the movement of the mast. I do not, however, confine myself to the ratio of three to one, nor to the operation of my device as an ash-hoist. It has been successfully used at a six to one ratio in a dumb-waiter, and it is obvious that by a readjustment of the sheaves and the location of the anchored end of the cable, the regulation of the movement of the other end of the cable can be varied at pleasure to meet the needs of any particular situation. I

My object has been to provide a compact and inexpensive hoist which can be easily installed so that the mast when in its lowered position will be below the level of the sidewalk or edge of the areaway under, or

V in which, it is customary to install such a the provision of means to prevent the mast H from turning to the right or left until the object to be moved has reached a predetermined position.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the apparatus with mast in lowered position installed in an areaway fitted with a removable grating or cover. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the cylinder and piston. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view along line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view along line H of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view along line 55 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a side elevation on a reduced scale showing the apparatus with the mast in raised position.

1 is a cylinder fitted with cylinderhead 2 by a tight joint at 1*, which said joint may be formed in any suitable manner. Cylinderhead 2 is furnished with inlet 5 which may be connected with a source of supply by means of pipe 6. At or near the other end of cylinder 1 is located plate 3 which may be used to assist in fastening the apparatus to a support and may be bored so as to receive an overflow pipe 7 to take care of anydleakage which may pass by the pistonhea E2 is a cylinder plate which furnishes support for mast 11 and pulley 13, and is bored to receive tierods 1, 4 which are used in locking plates 2 and 3 and cylinderhead 2 together. I have shown the source of supply as being controlled by an ordinary threeway valve 8.

9 is a piston having head 10 and extending beyond plate 2 so as to form a mast 11. Plate 2 is preferably formed with a flange 12 as a support for sheave 13.

In order that sheave 13 may readily be adjusted to suit the requirements of any particular job, I have found it advantageous to provide plate 2 with a plurality of holes 14., 1d and slot 15. Under ordinary circumstances, four tierods are found to be suflicient to fasten the cylinderhead and plates together. By the arrangement of additional holes lt above-described, tierods i, a may be put in position, and when the apparatus is to be installed, if it becomes necessary to make a slight readjustment in order properly to locate sheave 13, by swinging it to the right or left, this can readily be acconr plished by removing the nuts on tierods II, lifting plate 2 and turning it until another setfof holeslet, 1% is brought into alinement with the tierods. Sheave 13 may be fastened in place on plate 2 by means of strap 13, bolt 13 and nut 13, or in any other suitable manner, and a further adjustment of sheave 13 is accomplished by loosening nut 18 and moving the sheave to the right or left as the case may be.

16 is an aperture through plate 2, of suflicient size to allow the passage of mast l1, and it is of advantage to have this aperture of such size that plate 2 will act as a guide to mast 11. I preferably construct mast 11 and piston 9 integral, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but it is obvious that a variety of other forms of construction could be adopted.

17 is a key attached to, or made integral with, mast 11 and'adapted to slide in keyway 18 of guide 19. Key 17 is preferably made of such length, and guide 19 is preferably so located, that when mast 11 has been sufiiciently raised, so as to bring the object to be moved into a predetermined position above the top of the areaway, key 17 will have passed beyond keyway 18. In the ordinary form of construction, it is not desirable that key 17 should be out of engagement with keyway 18 when the mast is in its lowered position, but, in the accompanying drawings, it has been shown as out of such engagement, thus permitting the mast to be turned to the right or left when the object to be moved is at the bottom of the areaway, as well as when the object has been raised above the top of the areaway.

20 is an arm attached to and carried by mast 11. By means of the key and keyway hereinbefore described, arm 20 is prevented from swinging to right or leftwhile the key is in engagement with the keyway, thereby preventing arm 20 and the object to be hoisted from coming into engagement with the side of the areaway or the edge of the cover frame.

I preferably chamfer the edges of keyway 18, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and at, and bevel the ends of key 17, as illustrated in Fig, 1, in order more readily to facilitate the entrance of the key into the keyway, and thus avoid the accuracy of adjustment by e the operaton which would otherwise be required in starting to raise or lower the mast. Guide 19 is, of course, rigidly fastened to any suitable support.

21 and 22 are sheaves, one on either end of arm 20 and attached thereto by means of straps 23, or in any other suitable manner. 2a is a flexible connection such a cable, rope or chain whlch passes over sheaves 13,

moved. The other end of the flexible connection is rigidly anchored to arm 20, and,

in the present instance, is illustrated as being attached thereto sheave 21.

The operation of my device is as follows: Pressure being admitted to cylinder 1 by turning valve 8, will cause piston 9 to rise carrying with it mast 11. The immediate entrance of key 17 into keyway 18 will hold mast 11 and arm 20 from turning until the free end of cable 24 has reached a position above the top of the areaway, when key 17 will become disengaged from keyway 18 and arm 20 may be swung to the right or left as desired. To facilitate this movement, it is obvious that piston 9 may be allowed to turn in piston-head 10, or that the mast, piston and piston-head may be turned in cylinder 1. I do not, however, limit myself'to this precise form of construction as any one of several other well known forms of mechanical construction could beadopted to "permit the movement above described. The upward by means of strap 23 of movement of the piston and mast will'carry sheaves 21 and 22, and, as flexible connection 2% isattached to arm 20, this operation will cause an upward movement of the free end having hook 25 which will be at the ratio of three to one in comparison with the speed and length of travel of the mast. hen different ratios are desired, such, for instance, as a four to one or six to one ratio, one end of the flexible connection 2 1 would have to be anchored at some fixed point other than ings. Under ordinary circumstances, I am enabled, by this arrangement, to install the apparatus by placing the head of the cylinder on the bottom of the areaway, which is not infrequently on a level with the floor of L the basement or cellar of the building in connection with which it is desired to use the apparatus, thus obviating the necessity of boring or digging as would ordinarily be the case with a ratio of two to one.' By fas- .1 tening arm 20 to mast 11, so that one end of the arm is at a greater distance than the other from the mast, and locating the anchor for the cable and the various sheaves so as mast to buckle and the friction on guide 19 to balance the load, I overcome the tendency which would otherwise exist of causing the which would otherwise result from the adoption of a three to one ratio. By utilizing plate 3 to rigidly fasten the top of cylinder 1 to a fixed support, the pull or strain at that point of the apparatus is counteracted. The consequence is that by this arrangement I approximate an equalization of the pull on the opposite sides of the mast, which results in an easy upward and downward movement of the mast with a minimum of friction and with little or no tendency to tip or buckle.

Claims:

1. In a hoist, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein and extending beyond the end of said cylinder, means to cause said piston to have a reciprocating movement, an arm carried by said piston, a sheave on said arm, a plurality of other sheaves, a flexible member passing over said sheaves, means to hold one end of said flexible member, and means to prevent said piston from turning until the free end of said flexible member has reached a predetermined position, and then to allow said piston to be turned to right or left.

2. In a hoist, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, means to cause said piston to have a reciprocating movement, a mast attached to said piston so as to move in conjunction therewith, a series of sheaves,

a flexible member passing over said sheaves and actuated by the movement of said mast, an anchor for one end of said flexible member, said member and sheaves being so ar ranged that the free end of said flexible member will travel a greater distance and at higher speed than said mast, a guide for said mast, and a means to prevent said mast from turning until the free end of said flexible member has reached a predetermined position, and then to allow said mast to be turned.

3. In a hoist, the combination of a mast, means to cause said mast to have an upward and downward movement, a plurality of sheaves, a flexible member passing over said sheaves, an anchor for one end of said flexible member and means to prevent said mast from turning until the free end of said flexible member has reached a predetermined position and then to allow said mast to be turned, the arrangement of said anchor, flexible member and sheaves being such that when movement is imparted to said mast, the free end of said flexible member willbe caused to travel a distance proportionately greater and at a higher rate of speed than that of said mast.

4. In a hoist, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein and extending beyond the cylinder as a mast, an arm on said mast, a key on said mast, a guide for said mast, a

keyway in said guide, said key and keyway being so disposed that said key will slide in said keyway when said mast is moved and will be out of engagement with said keyway when the arm 011 said mast has reached a predetermined position.

5. In a hoist, the combination of a cylinder having an inlet, a piston in said cylinder and extending beyond one end thereof to form a mast, an arm carried by said mast, an adjustable plate attached to said cylinder, a fixed pulley, a pulley carried by said arm, a flexible member running through said pulleys and having one end so anchored that the movement of said mast will cause the free end of said flexible member to travel a distance greater than that traveled by said mast, and a guide for said mast consisting of an interlocking key and keyway to hold said mast from turning while said mast is being raised or lowered and to permit said mast to be turned after it has been raised.

6. In a hoist, the combination of a cylinder, a cylinder-head therefor, a piston therein, means for admitting pressure into said cylinder at one end thereof, so as to cause the piston to move toward the other end of said cylinder and afterward to relieve said pressure so as to allow said piston to resume its original position, a mast connected with said plston so as to move in conjunction therewith, an arm 011 said mast having its respective ends at unequal distances from said mast, a plate attached to said cylinder and adapted to be used to fasten said cylinder to a support, an aperture through said plate for an overflow, another plate attached to said cylinder and adapted to be used as a guide for said mast, means for fastening said plates, cylinder and cylinderhead together, a sheave adjustably attached to the plate adapted to be used as a guide for said mast, a pulley at or near each end of said arm, a flexible member fastened to the end of said arm which is the nearer to said mast and passing over the pulley attached to said plate and the pulleys attached to said arm, another guide for said mast adapted to be fastened to a support, and means to hold said mast in movable engagement with said last-mentioned guide so as to prevent the turning of said mast until the arm thereon has reached a predetermined position, and then to permit said mast to be turned.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this the twenty-fifth day of February, 1914:.

WILLIAM S. SMITH. Witnesses:

LEONA C. HILTZ, f ARTHUR P. HARDY.

lfopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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