US1149252A - Gas-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

J. DIANOVSZKY.

GAS Turg'lNE. APPLICATION PILED\OV.15,'1913.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

2 sHETs-SHET 1.

J. DIANOVSZKY.

GAS TURBINE.

APPUcATioN msn Nov. 15. 1913.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ff itat/fri i mi lilla elasthan JQHN DltNQVSZKY, 01T FSQIC, NEW' 'ElSE'", ASSGNR., BY BIRECT ANI@ MESUE ASSEGNMENTS, "2".'0 D. S. YV. MANUEAGTURNG ANB TRABING CRPORATON, OE' NEVI* YORK, N. Y., A GQRPORATXGN U2? NEW "YORK,

am mmm Specicaton or Letters atent.

Patented Einw., 3W,

Application med November 1MB. Serial No. 801,105.

To all 'whom if; may concern Beit known that l', .lons Dmxovsznr, a citizen ot the wUnited States, residing at llassaic. Passaic county, New Jersey, have invented a new and useful improvement in (las-'l`urbines, of which the following isa full. clear, and exact. description.

My invention relates to improvements in ras turbines, that is turbines which operate by the explosion ot' gaseous tuoi, or by conipressed air or other fluid pressure, and the object of my invention is to produce a very simple and ctlicient machine in which the cX- plodod charge is admitted near the center of the machine and on the surface of the rotor, and then permitted to escape toward both ends of the machine so that it will operate by impact and expansively on a series of turbine blades, and thus impart rotary motion to the rotor, although the intake may be at the ends and the exhaust in the center, or the inta ke at one end and the exhaust at the other. The first two arrangements above noted cause a balanced pressure, as the gases will be expanding in opposite direction from the center toward the blades, thus eliminating end friction.

Another important feature of my invention is that l have a hollow rotor, and provide for driving a current of air or other cooling fluid through the rotor, thus rapidly cooling the machine so that water-jaelteting is not necessary, although the outer cylinder can be jacketed in the usual Way if desired.

ln providing for the expansion4 of gases and the intake of the machine, il arrange one or more fuel explosion chambers on the ci@ terior of the machine, and have these eon- .neet with ports in the central chamber on the exterior of the rotor, so that the ex- )loded gases from the exterior chamber will lie conducted to the inner chamber and from thence to the blades.

Reference is to be had to the accoznpany ing drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar reference characters indicate corresponding; parts in all the views. v

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the machine embodying' my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross i Zion on the line 22 of Fig. l., Fig. 3 is an and view of the plate and frame I these chambers.

covering the rotor end. Fig. l is a view ing fluid can pass through it, and is formed of thc outer shell or cylinder 13, the inner la which receives the shaft l5 of the turbine, and the ribs lwvhich connect the members 13 and 1i, and serve to brace the rotor. y

Spaced apart around the middle portion of the machine are the expansion or com bustion chambers 17, which can be supplied in any usual way with explosive charges, and there can be any desired number ol' They connect through port-s 1S with the inner chamber 21 presently rcferred to, and the passage through the port 1S is controlled by a flap valve 19, which can be backed by a spring 2d Obviously any suitable valve can be substituted for the valve 19, and the charge can be supplied to the chamber l? in any usual or preferred manner. The inner or distributing chamber 2l connects as stated with the chamber 17, and is formed between the inner grooved ring 22 which fits around the middle portion of the rotor and an outer ringar 225, these rings being shown best at the bottom ot Fig. l. lt will be seen that by changing the sizes of these rings, that is the thickness ot' them, the size of thc chamber can bc made as de sircd.

From the chamber 21 the expanding gases pass toward the ends of the machine through the turbine blades, and so' give motion to the rotor. These turbine blades can be or' any usual hind, but l prefer the type of blade and ring shown in my application Jfor Letters Patent or' the nitcd States No. 778,627, tiled July 12, i913. The general arrangement is shown best in Fig. l. Next the cylinder il are a series of lined rings 24;. carrying dellccting blades 25, and these rings are spaced apart bythe spacing rin s 26. The several rings 24 and 26 are hslgd snugly together by the ring :nuts 27 at theA viously the fan can be arranged at one end ends of the cylinder l1, and it will be seen Ithat this arrangement provides for tightening the rings, and-,at the same time enables easy access to be had to them in case repairs are necessary. On the rotor are a series of running rings 28 havingblades 29, and these are spaced apart by spacing rings 30, a series of spacing and running rings being held together by nuts 31 at the ends of the rotor, which fasten the several rings in place. The blades 25 deflect the gases against the blades 29 of the rotor rings, so that motion is imparted to the rotor, and by reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the .blades grow larger, that is longer, toward the ends of the turbine, to provide for the expansion of gases. It will be seen that this arrangement makes a very simple construction in which the several parts Yare readily accessible, and in which the rings caxrbe nicely centered and securely held. lWhen the gases reach the ends of the machine they are expanded to such an extent that they have no appreciable pressure, and

the exhausted gases are discharged in the channels 32 of the end/plates 33 which are `secured to the ends ofthe turbine, and can be fastened in anyc'onvenent manner. A good Way is to provide flanges 34 `on the plates 33 which meet langes 35 on the cylinder 10, and the two flanges are fastened t0- gether by --bolts 36. The exhausted gases pass down and out through ports 33hin the legs of the casing.

To provide against an leakage of gases, the ,plates 33 are provided with lips 37 which enter corresponding recesses in the nuts 31, and the plates also have inner lugs 38 which abut with corresponding shoulders -89 on the rings 40 which arer formed on the plates 39,and these are secured to the ends of the rotor. The plates 39a have openings f el therethrough, and are provided with fan etti blades 42 adjacent to the openings, so that when the rotor revolves, a current of air is drawn rapidly through the rotor and serves to cool the machine. I have shown plates 39a and corresponding fans at each end of the machine so as to provide for the air current in case the engine is reversed,vbut ob arrangement for connecting the plates 33 carrying theexhaust to the channels is such as to prevent leakage of exhausted gases, especially as they Will carry very little pressure.

l. A gas turbine comprising a rotor, a hollow cylinder inclosing the rotor and spaced apart therefrom, banks of turbine blades operatively connected With the rotor and cylinder, 'ring nuts arranged at the ends of the rotor and cylinder and connecting with said rotor and cylinder respectively to hold the blades in place, end, plates having exhaust channels therein, said end plates being connected to the cylinder and rotor and havingy annular lips entering corresponding recesses on the rotor nuts, a distributing chamber arranged Within the oyly inder and adapted to discharge directly against the adjacent turbine blades, and an exterior explosion chamber opening di rectly into the distributing chamber.

2. A gas turbine comprising a rotor, a cylinder spaced apart from the rotor, banks of turbine blades operatively connected With the rotor and cylinder, means for directing gases directly against the blades, plates at the ends 4of the cylinder and rotor having exhaust channels to carry away-.the exploded gases from the blades, ring nuts connected respectively to the end `portions of: the cylinder and rotor to hold the blades in place, annular lips on the end plates to tit corresponding recesses on the rotor ring nut, an

annular shoulder on each of the end plates,

and flanges connected tothe rotor and overlapping the aforesaid. shoulders on the end

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