US1141199A - Three-phase transformer. - Google Patents

Description

LlLlQQ.

Vrh Si MOODL Tunai PHASE mw-'Gamm AFPLCTIOH TILES APR. 3. i906.

fazente. Jim@ L 9115.

G SHEETS-SHEE'' l.

' W. S. MOODYI THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER. APrLlcArmN FILED MIR. 3. 196%.

W. S. MOODY.

THREE PHASE TRNSFORMER.

mm APR.3,19O6.

IVW ,11, l., f

5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Patent-ed me L 1915s ments of my invention disclosed herein contain many novel features of construction and arrangement, some, but not all of which, are

. peculiar to the method of cooling employed have described in detail forms in which it' may be embodied.

Uf the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation partly broken away and in section show-l ing'a three-phase transformer oflarge size;

Fig. 2 is a' sectional elevation at right angles to Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. Il is an end elevation partly in section showing the core and winding of the trasformer; Fig. 5 is an elevation of 'a portion of the core and winding of a transformer differing from that shown in Fig; 4l in the arrangement of the means for forming the Ventilating passages for the windings; Fig. 6 is a partial elevation ofv a spacing member used inthe construction shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 isl an end elevation partly broken away and in section of a transformer in which the laminae are vertically disposed; Fig. 8 is a plan showing the manner in which the punchings of the three-phase transformer core may be assembled;`4 Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the oil circulating and cooling system; and Fig. 10 is a perspective view partially broken away, showing on a larger sca-le'and more in detail a portion of the coils and the insulation surrounding the same. l

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the case, tank or receptacle of a three-phase shell-type transformer of large capacity. The receptacle comprisesv a base portion 2 which may advantageously be formed out of cast iron, af' body portion 3 which may advantageously be formed of sheet metal, and a cover portion l preferably formed of cast iron. Suitable means such `as bolts 5 are employed for detachably securing the cover 4 to the body 3 in such manner as to form an oil-tight joint between the cover and the body. The body 3 and the base 2 are connected together' in any suitable manner as by rivets 6 to form an oil-tight joint between them. The cover is provided with suitable man or hand-hole openings, the covers for which may be secured to the cover by bolts 8 so that oil-tight joints between the covers 7 and the main cover l are obtained. The transformer core is made up of laminae assembledv in a frame preferably formed of structural iron. in the construcwindings.

maaien tion shown the frame is formed of top and bottom beams 11 riveted to top and bottom side beams 12 and 12 respectively. As shown, suitable wooden space blocks 13 may be placed between the core and 'the beams 11, 12 and 12. 1n the construction shown the beams 11 and 12 are of the form known as f-beams. The top side beams 12 are formed each of two channel bars between which are connected members 111. The beams 12 and 12 are connected by tie bolts 15. The transformer core is normally suspended from the cover member l by means of links or members 16 secured at their lower ends to the members lll. The upper ends of the links 16 are threaded and pass through apertures formed for the purpose in the transformer cover to engage nuts 17 which bear against bosses formed for the purpose an the upper surface ofthe transformer never. Supports 18 carried by the base member 2 are provided, upon which the' beams 12 may rest when desirable as when the transformer, is being transported. Under these circumstances it will be understood that the nuts 17 are eased up sufiiciently to allow the beamsz`12 to engage the supports 18. lt will be understood that suitable provision may be made for obtaining oil-tight joints where the bolts 17 pass through the cover d.

The core is formed with three pairs of vertically-extending slots or passages 1.9 for the The )rimary coils 20, and secondary coils 21 orming the winding for a phase, pass through the corresponding pair of slots or passages 19 and surround the interme'diate core portion 22. l As shown, the winding for each phase is surrounded by a box-like structure or casing 23 open -at the top and bottom and provided with por-- tions 24 surrounding` the core portion 22.

'lfhis may be better seen by referring to Fig.

10, where it will be seen that the portions 24 consist of flat members ruiming parallel to the sides of the portions of the core inclosed by the coils, portions 24 extending until they come in close proximity with the outside casing 23. In order to hold the casing 23h and the portions 24 in position, there is wound around them a suitable webbing or other material 124, spacers 25 being placed outside of this webbing and between it and the core. The webbing which is illustrated in this drawing is merely for the pur pose of binding the casing 23, portions 24 andthe coils into a compact unit and forms no portion of my invention. The box 2 3 is separated from the adjacent laminar edges by spacers 25 so as .to form core Ventilating spaces or passages between the box and the core independent of the Ventilating spaces for the coils. Surrounding the lower ends of the bones or receptacles 23 are box-like n ieicaberev 26 which may advantageously be formeel of sheet metal anal are secured to the framework in which. the transformer l core is helcl. Tight joints are made between the upper edges of the 'noxes and the under surface of the core. Above the transformer core proper the upper ends of the oasings 23 are supported bers 27 which may advantageously he formeel out` of wood. The hars 27 forni means for supporting suitable bushings 28 for the leads from the sepn arate coils of the transformer., Terminal leads which may he connected to the coil terminals in any suitahle manner as the serv" ice conditions may require, pass out through the Cover of the transformer through `bushings 30. il, ll he unclerstoocl that the joint between each flushing 3Q and the cover, and between the bushing and lea passing,r through it, may loe niacle oil-tight.

The primary and secondery coils for each phase of the transformer may he subdivided and intersperseil in to obtain the most eliicient isposition of conducting materiali Spacers are placed between adjacent sections ol the windings and between the outer portions the windings and the inclosingg hoi: to forni Ventilating passages extending transversely to lthe laminas. These ,spacers may he in the form of long Si'. en' cling transverse y to the laminze shown in nig. l and in Fig. l0. lnstearl spacers of this type, l may use spacers as shown in in which each spacing member is in the forro. of an arm 3l extending parallel tothe lainin and engaging' the apijn'opriate portions of the windings. ie arnis 3l at one erige or one porti ,l of tl'ie windings may he integrally conneeterl together enel may be formeel from a lolzfntlf eens of strip 3l of bos the shape shown in hoarcl or the like ol Each s'lip 3l hears against an inner or outer e e the proper Winfling section'or portion, nil the opposing pairs or arms 3l sicles of the winding section. As shown, lthe 3l elo not ertenci entirely across uhe of the windings which they engage, the s 3l :from strips 3l at oppo- 'the saine vvincling section over- This not only gives a hetand site lap one another. ter cooling flow of the oil, but improves A supp-ly pipe 32 passing through the cover member l connects at its lower encl With a pipe 33 from which connections lead one to each hor: 9.6. The oil entering the transformer through the pipe 32 passes into the boxes 26 ancl from there a portion of the oil passes up through the windings located Within the casing 23j and another portion passes upward into the spaces between the outer surface of the easing 23 and the inner Walls of the conductor-receiving slots of the corethat is, the casing Q3 acts as a division Wall to direct the flow of oil. ln order to obtain a more thorough cooling of the core l buildL up the transformer core or" horizontal bundles of laminas separated by suitable spacers l() so as to forni Ventilating passages or spaces l0 communicating With the passages hetween the box 23 ancl the inner edges of the laminas as best shown in ll. llvlhen this construction is employed p'oler to arrange the spacers l0 so that the passages l0 between adjacent bundles of laininae 9 increase in thirlrness from the bottom of the core upward, as illustrated inA Figs. e? 5 and 7 sinee otherwise the greater pressure of the incoming oil .it the bottom of the transformer would cause an undue proportion of the oil to pass through the lower core spaces, l

The oil circulation system may be arranged so that the oil entirely lls the receptacle l. ln some cases, howeverE l neerelv fill the receptacle to the level shown in Fig. .A The heated oil is carried ont of the transori er oase in anj-,f suitable manner as through a pipe the upper enel oi which terminates an appreciable distance helen7 the oil level "s tie receptacle. in the construction shown.; the lower eno oi? the pipe 35 communicates with a eliamher o6 iorinerl in the case hase 2. For convenience a pas- 37 may be formed in the hase :2 below ,li floor level which from the chamber 36 to the enit orilice 38.

ln order to insure that the oil level shall always he above vone upper enel of the pipe l provide a valve 39 which is normally held closed except nl. en the oil level is such that e float fl() connected to the valve lever ll, one end of which is pivotallv connected to aiixed member fil', is raised, thus openinfr the valve l l?ellerrins` to r it will he that .s

which are openings, not shown, permitting l oil to flow through them anll into pipe. Float l() has a U-shapecl member e0 in operative relation with lever il arranged so that as the float rises with the rise of' the oil level, tno

:tree end of the lever 'will oe raisecl,

loo

. 15, normally held closed.,

thus raising the valve and opening the joint 39', allowing oil to iloW between ribs 393 into the pipes. rls the oil level-is lowered, float Will descend carrying with it the 'free end of lever -l, and, after the lever has reached a certain point, joint 39 will be closed, thus preventing the further outflow oi' oil. The. oil level in the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is just at the stage at which the valve 39 will be opened upon any increase in the amount of oil in the case l. -l/Vith this arrangement there is no tendency for air to be undesirably sucked into the pipe 35, and thereby dissolved in the oil. To provide for removing oil from the transformer Whenever desired, l have provided a drain-pipe l2 leading from the bottom or' the case. `"lhis pipe is normally closed by a valve @rain pipes -ld extending,- from the boxes 2G are provided7 each with a valve Each valve can be opened by means ofla suitable operating means 45 leading through the cover of the transformer whenever' it is desired to allow the oil to drain out of the boites 26.

l'n the diagram view shown in Fig. 9, l'. have illustrated a coolingsystem arranged 'for supplying cold oil to, and removing hot oil. from, a battery of two transformers each oi 'which may be similar to the transformer hcreinbeliore described and illustrated. As shown the oil supply pipe 32 of each transformer, each of which is provided Witha check valve SQfand manuallybperated control valve 32"' receives oil from a nine d6.

The pipe lli is connected by a pipe i7 to the discharge pipes 48 of two similar cooling devices e9. Each pipe i8 may be independently closed by manually-operated valve 48. 1Bipes leading from the discharge oriiiccs 38 of thc transformers, each oi? which may be closed by manually-actuated valve 52., are connected to a pipe 53 which in turn is connected to a pipe 54. The pipe all maybe connected or disconnected at will by valves 55 and 5G, to the inlet pipes 57 and respectively, of two oil pumps 59 and G0. irma1n1allv-actuated valve dl is employed by which the inlet pipe 58 of the pump 60 may be ojened'or closed at Will. The dischargepipo 6'?, from the pump 59 is connected to inlet pipes 63 of the cooling device. ll/l'anua-lly-actuated valves 64rform means for opening' or closingr the connection between the pipe 69 and either inlet pipe 63 at will. An. oil reservoir .65, located at a level above that of the remainder of the circulating` system or containing' air under pressure above the surface ot oil, is con-- nected to the pipes L,lluand 4-7 by a pipe 66. il manually-actuatcd valve G7 Aforms a means for opening and closing the pipe 65 at will. A pipe 68 connects the discharge orifice ot the pump G-l with the reservoir 65. The

pipe @8 may be opened or closed at will by operating manually-actuated valves 69. A

check valve 70 is also provided in the pipe 68 to prevent oil from flowing from the oil reservoir 65 back through the pump 60.

An oil supply receptacle 71 is connected tothe pipe 5l through a valve 72. A pipe 73 which may be opened or closed at will hy a oil withdrawn may be either discharged through the lower portion of the pipe 73 or into the receptacle 7l which for this reason should be below the transformers. y

The oil-cooling device 49 may be of any suitable type. Each may advantageously consistot a coil of pipe 77 (shown in dotted lines in the left-hand device 49, only in Fig. 9), the ends of which are connected to the appropriate pipes 4.8 and 63. Each coil 77 is surrounded by a cylinder 78. An inlet pipe 7 9 leads to each cylinder 78 from a suitable source of water, such as a Well. An outlet pipe S0 leads from each cylinder and is connected to a suction pump 8l. The pipes 80 are connected together' and valves 82 are employed whereby on occasion a cir eulation of water may be obtained through one or both cylinders 78 by means of one or both oi the pumps 8l. t will be observed that pumps Sl are arranged to draw rather than to torce the water through the cylinders '79. rlhis arrangement l prefer be cause l wish at all times to maintain the pressure of' the Water in the cylinders below that of the pressure of the oil in the coils ot pipe 77 so that in case of any leakage in the coils of pipe 77, oilivill flow into the water rather than Water into the oil.

As a precaution against a possible failure oil" the pumps 8l, l may provide means for obtaining; a flow of Water through the cylinders in the following manner: Water under considerable pressure is supplied to the pipes S3 from a supply pipe Sl which may lead from any suitable source, such as the mains of municipal Water supply system., or the like. l'n case the original source of energy o'lI the system, of which the transformer i'orms a part, is a water power, the supply pipe 8-2 may lead from the main water reservoir. The pipes 83 are connected to suitable injector pumps 85 by means of which Water is dra-wn into the cylinders through the pipes 79. and 87 are employed to close the pipes 83 and the discharge pipes 88 from the injector pumps 85 respectively. By the use of these lWhen it is desired to draw oil Sil ifa

suitable valves se "Wed upon came Sure and los di den the same from the top of the transformer casing.

2. ln combination, a casing filled vvith oil or other insulating fluid, a transformer immersed therein comprising core and .coil portions the transformer being provided with independent Ventilating spaces forthe core and coils discharging into the casing, and a circulating system arranged to direct a flow of insulating fluid through said independent Ventilating saaces into the casing and to Withdraw the saine from the top of the casing.

3; l'n combination, a casing filled With oil or other insulating fluid, a' transformer iinmorsed therein comprising core and coil portions the transformer being provided with independent Ventilating spaces for the core and coils discharging into the casing, and a circulating system connected to each of the said independent Ventilating spaces and to the transformer casing near the top thereof so as to direct independent streams of insulating `fluid respectively through ventilating spaces for the core and the Winding.

t. ln combination, a casing filled Withoi or other insulating Huid, a transformer im` mersed therein comprising core and coil portions the transformer being provided `With independent Ventilating spaces for the core -and coils discharging into the casing, a circulating system connected to each of the said independent Ventilating spaces and to the transformer casing near the top thereof so as to directindependent streams of insulating fluid respectively throughv the venti latingspaces for the core and the Winding, and means for controlling the flow of the liquid in said circulating system.

'5. ln combination, a casing filled with oil or other insulating fluid, a transformer immersed therein comprising a core portion made up of laminas assembled in sections separated from each other to provide ventilating openings between adjacent sections, 'and coil portions having Ventilating openings therethrough, a tubular casing separatinigthe Windingfrom the core and spaced therefrom so as to render the core Venti lating passages independent of the passages through the coils, and a circulating system comprising means for directing' a flow of insulating fluid through said independent ventilating spaces.

6. lin combination, a casing filled with oil or other insulating fluid, a transformer ini mersed therein comprising a core portion made up of laminac assembled in 'sections separated from each' other to provide Ventilating spaces between adjacent sections, a coil portion having Ventilating spaces thereu through, a tubular casing separating the Winding from the core and spaced therefrom so as to form Ventilating passages for the manina core independent of the passages through the coils, a closed casing extending from one end` of the core portion of the transformer and inclosins' the aforesaid tubular casing and the end of the transformer Winding, and means for feeding the insulating fluid to said closed casing and withdrawing it from the top of the casing in which the transformer is immersed.

7. l'n combination, a casing filled With oil or other insulating fluid, a transformer immersed therein. comprising a core portion made upwof laminas assembled in sections with Ventilating spaces between adjacent sections, means forming said spaces and adapted to increase the saine in thicknem from the bottom to the top of the core, coil portion having Ventilating spaces therethrough, a .tubular casing separating the Winding from the core and spaced therefrom so as to form Ventilating passages for the core independent of the passages through the coils, a closed casing extending Y from the bottoni of the core portion of the transformer and inclosing the aforesaid tubular casing and the lower end of the transformer Winding, and means for feeding the vinsulating fluid to said closed casing and withdrawing it from the top of the casing in which the transformer is immersed.

8. ln combination, a casing iilled with oiL or other insulating fluid, a transformer immersed therein comprising core and coil portions the transformer being provided With independent Ventilating spaces for the core and coils discharging into the casing, a circulating system arrange( to direct a flow of insulating iiuid through said independent Ventilating spaces and having a discharge pipe leading from the top of the casing, and means for maintaining the oil level in the` transformer above theupper end of the discharge pipe when the system is in operation.

9 .ln combination, a casing filled with oil or other insulating fluid, a transformer immersed therein comprising core and coil portions the tra1 isforiner being provided with independent Ventilating spaces for the core and coils discharging into the casing,-

and a circulating system comprising means for directing the flow of insulating fluid through said independent Ventilating spaces.

10. ln cooling system for electrical ap` paratus, means for obtaining a forced circulation of a fluid. insulator through one por-v tion of a cooling device and for obtaining a forced circulation of a cooling agent for the insulator through another portion of the device, and means by which "when 'desired air may he mixed with the insulator and the cooling agent may be replaced by a heating agent.

ll. ln combination, former located a cooling fluid Il a receptacle, a trans- 1 'u c tnerein, means for `rorcin insulator through said revi ic meines 'oeptacle comprising an inlet pipe and an outlet, said outlet being located beneath the normal level of the duid insulator in said receptacle, and means for mixing air when desired with e insulating inid entering said receptacle. l

l2 ln combination, a normally closed re ceptacle, a transformer iocated therein, means for foraine a cooling inid insulator through said receptacle, said means including an inlet and an outlet, said outlet being located beneath the normal level of the fluid insulator in said receptacle, means for air when desire with the insulat- 5' fluid entering said receptacle, and means removing air from said receptaole l, ln mi 7iliase she -tjfpe transformer a core port ,i and Wint surrounding i fo` ea'h phase, casing, surrounding eacl winding separatinb` it from the core, said o ng havin@l its ends open, a receptacle for i asi each phase secured to one side of the core with one enfl of the corresponding casing; proggectinej noo it, for introducing` a.

cooling -luid int o each receptacle and for causing, n, oa

ss ont therefrom partly through said ci, to cool the Winding and partly without casing to cool the core.

ln a shell ti/pe transformer, ay core portion,` ventila, passages therefor, a winding; surrounding said core portion, a separa-:ting Winding,i from the core, a receptacle secured to one side of said core with its side adjacent the core open, one end of said easing; projectiz/.ig into said receptacle, and means for causing cooling' fluid receipts. i through said .its f the l5. in combinati n, core portion formed ofhodics of lar ne of magnetic material, adjacent seing separated hy spaces, means forming' said spaces adapted to increase the saine in thickness ironi the bottom the top of core, a hath of oil in which said core isiininerscd, means for ineintaining a difference in the pressure of said oil at oposite sides of said hotly iif'hereloy oil is caused to dow through said spaces.

lo in combination, a core formed of laminated loorlies 'of magnetic material., adjacent bodies separated by spaces, means forming said spaces adapted to increase the saine in thickness frein one end of the core to the opposite end of the core, said core seing pierced by a conductor-receiving' opening or passage extending trans versely to the lainin, and means for cansino; oil under pressure to enter the end of said passage at one end the core.

l?. Tin combination, a core portion formed of 'bodies of parallel lalninzn of magnetic material, adjacent loodies boing parated loy spaces parallel with the lamina: extending from one side of said portion to the other, means forming said spaces adapted to in-r crease the same in thickness from one end of the core to the other, 'a bath of oil in which said core portion is immersed, and means for maintaining a difference in the pressure of said oil at opposite sides of said portion and at opposite ends thereof Where- 'oy oil is caused to flow throngh the said spaces in a predetermined manner.

18. ln combination, a receptacle, an electrical device therein, means for obtaining a circulation of a coolingj)- fluid through said receptacle including an outlet passage and a valve controlling the same, and means for automatically maintaining said valve closed except when the level of the cooling,- liquid in said receptacle is soine distance above said outlet lil. in combina" on, a receptacle, hath oil in said recept-acre., an electrical device iinniersed therein, a conduit supplying: cold oil Under pressure :to said engagement, a discharge orifice through which hot oil is sucked out of the receptacle, and a float operated salve oontrollii arra ged to au tolnatioally maintain thV level the oil in the receptacle above the disfharge orifice.

In a transformer, a core, a winding surrounding a portion thereof, a casing separating the winding from the core, a ho like receptacle secured agian-ist the core with said casingl projecting into it, a tank in which said core, Windi and receiiiutacle are Contained, means for ad .ittii'ige a fluid insulator under pressure into said "receptacle, and nieans'incliulinp; an outlet located abo-Ve said core, Windingfand eptacle for with drawing said insulator from said tank.

combination, a receptacle, a transformer contained therein, means for obtaina circulation of a iinid insulator through sait'L recoptac e, and means for cooling said fluid insulator comprisingtwo chambers adjacent each other, and means for forcing; water through one of said chambers and for forcing; the iluid insulator through the other of said chambers so arranged that the pressure in the chamber containing the i'iuid insulator is greater han in the other chainher.

in combination.y a casing,- filled with oil or other insulating,` i'iuid, a transformer irnmersed therein comprisingr core and coil portions the transformer being provided with independent Ventilating spaces for the core and coils discharging into the casing, a circulating system arranged to direct ay flow of insulating fluid through said independent Ventilating spaces into the casing and to Withdraw the saine from the top of the Casing, and means for cooling' the liquid.

23. in combination, a casing filled with oil or otl'ier insulating iiuid, a transformer immersed therein comprising core and coil portions the transformer being provided with independent Ventilating spaces for the core and coils discharging into `the casing,

Q4. lln combination, :L easing llleel with' eil or other insulating fluid, a trensfomner immersed therein comprising eene and cell portions the transformer being pevicled with independent Ventilating spaces for the core and coils discharging into the easing, a simulating system arranged; te diiseet e, flew ef insulating fluid through seid indepencient #Ventilating spaces into the easing and. te Withdraw the saine from 'the top of the eesing, Ineens for Cooling the liquid7 enel ineens :for dehydatng the saine.

@lllce v [enfin] llt is herebyeertifiecl that inKLette feta-ant No. Llllgg, gin upon the elpplieetion 0l' Welter S. l'ieody, of Schenectady, New Yel v' u' pumeinent in linee-Fliese, Transformers, en eirei @Jpn-ears 1n the tion therein that the seine may conform te the iecerfl. of the cese 25. The Combination with e transfeilner Akening e easing, e Winding; comprising e Witnesses BENJAMIN l Henn, .Trini-nn @wenn i n Y l u n a Ly l ,l y l n eetien requiring eoireetlon es lolloule. Vage 7, line Se, for the word engegeinent reed reeptacle; and that the seid Lettere Patent should be feed with 'this @entes-- tige etent Signed and eeeled this Sul dey 0:5 Auguet, A D., 1915.

fisting Commissioner 0j Patents.

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