US1114769A - Liquid-fuel furnace. - Google Patents

Description

A. T. JUNBS. LIQUID FUEL PURNCE. APPLICATION FILED JULYH. 1911.

1,1 14,769.Y Patented 001;. 27, 1914,.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. T. JONES.

LIQUID FUEL PURNAGB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 17, 1911.

f Patented Oct. 27, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1HE MORRIS PEYERS UNITED sTA'rEs PATENT,4 oEEicE. l

AMANDA T. JoNEs, or NEW YORK, Nv.l

LIQUID-FUEL FURNACE.

To all whom it may concern: j

Be it known that I, AMANDA T JONES, a citizen of the United States, reslding at .New York city, in the borough of Brook lyn and Statey of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Furnaces, of which the following is a specification. f

This invention relates in general to liquid fuel furnaces and more particularly to furnaces for burning liquid fuel and aims to improve the general construction of furnaces of this character and to provide novel and improved mechanism for feeding Land distributing the oil to the combustion chamber of the furnace. A

It'has beenfound by experimentation and `.repeated tests that oil burning furnaces 'erated under which consume large quantities of fuel oil can not be successfully and practically opconditions of' forced draft when the fuel is fed to the combustion chamber through burners constructed to opcrate upon the injector principle, for the reason that complete combustion of the oil so vdelivered can not be effected, and the unconsumed carbon particles will escape from the combustion chamber and be delivered from the furnace inlarge quantities in the form of a heavy black smoke. In my pres-k ent invention, I aim to overcome this heretofore objectionable feature in oil-burning furnaces by eecting complete combustion of all the carbon particles so that little, if any smoke is given off even when forced draft is demanded, and in order to accom'- plish this result', I have provided mechanism for feeding the oil to the combustion chamf ber, under the lniiuence of gravity, 1n thm attenuated streams or drops which fall into the revolving ame established in my novelly constructed combustion chamber where they are completely consumed.

It is also an object of my invention to provide a specially constructed roof for my combustion chamber through which the liquid fuel percolates and which roof maybe easily and readily removed for the purpose of renewal should it eventually suffer from wear and tear.

An additional object of the invention is to provide improved distributing devices which will distribute the oil evenly and uniformly to the combustion chamber and, furthermore, to provide lmechanism for delivering the oil to the distributing devices and Specification of Letters Patent. Patented 0G13. 27, 1914. Application led July 17, 1911. Serial No. 638,902. i i i i for automatically maintaining a requisite mechanism adjusted to the requirements of the furnace.

Other aims and objects and many of the l advantages 0f my invention will be appar-` ent as 1t becomes better understood vby ref-r erence to the followingfdescription when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings illustrating one preferred embodiment thereof. 1

On thefdrawings--Figure 1k isla diagramf matic view partially in section of a `boiler jequippedwith my invention. Fig. 2 isa transverse sectional View taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional viewon the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4l is a `detail plan view of the regulate ing device on the float chamber.` y l,

. `On the drawings, 5 designates the boiler which may be of any well known or preferred construction, in front of which is locatedfthe flue 6 open at kthe top and ex# tending down partially in front ofther combustion chamber 7. Above the com-= bustion chamber. the fluevi'seXtended laterally to form ai chamber or cul-de-sac 8 in pairing theboiler when occasion requires. The bridge wall 12which forms the rear l wall of the combustion chambery is of suitable form to cause reverberation of the `flame within "the chamber so that the oil-particles delivered thereto from above will be com- 'pletely yconsumed before the fiame is drawn throughthe throat 13 around the .boiler `and to the stack. The combustion chamber itself, is equipped with a plurality of arches 111 (best shown in Figs. 1 and 2) which are adapted' to support the perforated slabs 15 preferably formed of refractory brick material or similar substance. In the drawings I have shown three arches supporting two perforated slabs but it willbe obvious that',y the number ofslabs and arches employed will vary accordingto the width of each individual` furnace. `The distributers 9, as shownl in Fig. 2, preferably/offV-shape 'fin cross-section, are arranged in' a series transversely Iof the furnace andeach is provided with a centrally disposed longitudinally extending partition 16 which divides the distributers into two compartments and insures a distribution of fuel from both sides of each distributer. The ends 17 of the distributers are higher than the'sides to prevent the overiiow of the oil at the ends such as might occur in marine boilers as the result of the rolling and pitching of the ship. The sides of the distributers arev provided with overiow notches or nipples 18 through which the oil overflows through the slabs 15. rlhe perforations in the slabs are preferably so arranged that one perforation is disposed directly beneath each .of the overflow nipples 18 and, in each perforation is positioned a tube or nipple 19 preferably made of metal and provided with an enlarged cup-shaped top 2O to receive the oil from the distributers. In the operation of the furnace the .oil drips from the distributer into the ycups from whence it passes through the tubes and falls in attenuated streams or drops into the furnace where it is consumed by the reverberating flame. Should Vthe tubes or nipples 19 become coated o-r stopped up with an accumulation of viscous or dried oil the slabs may easily be pulled out from their places, above the furnace through the door 21 in the front of the flue whereupon the nipples may be removed individually from the slabs and:

- distributers into the combustion chamber,

cleaned or replaced by new tubes.

A leveler 22 is located transversely of: the flue in front of the lateral chamber 8j and is connected with each of the distrib` uters through a. short pipe 23 through which; the oil iowsfrom the leveler to the dis-I The leveler is preferably closed,l as shown in Fig. 1, and in yorder that the oil may rise to the required level therein,

tributers.

I have provided a short vent pipe 24 through which air and gas may escape. The leveler is supplied with oil through a pipe 25 from any suitable source of oil supply and a hand-valve 26 is providedat the lowest point in the pipe to enable ,theleveler and distributers to be drained when desired. A hand-valve 27 may also be Alocated in the upright-part of the pipe 25 so that the pipe 25 connecting with the source ofl oil supply may be drained without draining vthe leveler and distributers, ifdesired, by opening the valve 26 and closing the valve 27. The oil t is maintained at the proper level in the leveler and in the distributers by an automatic controlling mechanism which I will now describe.

In the pipe 25 ythere is disposed a float chamber 28 which is adapted `to contain .a

quantity of oil and in which is located a float 29. The contracted upper end yof the chamber is threaded as indicated at 30, to receive a similarly threaded cap 31. A valve '32 is disposed the pipe 25 abQve-ithetleat chamber and from the body of this valve extends an operating arm 33 which opens and closes the valve 32 as its outer end is lowered and raised. A tube or sleeve 34 `provided at its lower end with a radial flange 35 is slidingly mounted in the cap 31 and the upper end of the tube is provided with an eye or loop 36 adapted to t over the outer end of the arm 33. The float 29 is equipped with a stem 37 which projects upwardly into the tube 34 and this stem is adjustably connected with the tube by means of a set-screw 36 which passes through the opening in the tube and is threaded through a collar 38 slidingly mounted on the stem 37. When the mechanism is rst assembled and adjusted the valve 32 is opened and the level of the liquid is permitted to rise in the float chamber and in the leveler and the distributers until it nearly overflows through the nipples 18 of the distributers. At this instant the valve 32 is closed by the automatic rise of the lever 33 under the action ofthe rising float 29, which will rest upon the liquid'in the float chamber. The setscrew 36 being loosened it will be evident that the iioat stem 37 will slide freely in the `sleeve 34 until the float assumes its normal position. The set-screw 36 is thereupon tightened to rigidly connect the float stem with the tube 34. Should it now be desirable to permit the oil to overflow from the the cap 31 may be screwed down upon the contracted portion of the float chamber until the oil overflows in the desired quantity. It will be evident that as the cap is screwed down the valve 32 will be correspondingly opened and by adjusting the position of the cap the quantity of oil delivered to the combustion chamber may be regulated'to a line degree of accuracy.r

In order` to insure against careless adjustment of the cap 31, I have provided on its upper face a series of designation marks 39 and have liXed on the float chamber an indicator 40 so that if the position of the regulating cap relatively to the indicator is noted when the furnace is operating satisfactorily, this same adjustment may be readily attained at any future time by turnthe cap until it is brought into the same relative position with respect to the indicator. A glass gage 51 is also provided through which the height of the fuel in the float chamber may be noted and a handvalve 52vis provided in the pipe 25 which may be closed should it be desirable at any time to drain the leveler and distributers without draining the float chamber.

A series of twyers 41 open at one end into the lower part of the flue 6 and at their other end into the combustion chamber. rod or bar 42 is disposed transversely lof the furnace uponwhich v,the twyers are supportas indicated at 43, to permit air to be drawn at this point directly into the furnace. The

tWyers Which open into the flue are adapt` ed to deliver air from the flue into the combustion chamber at a point some little distance above the floor of the chamber. In order to provide for forced draft in the combustion chamber, I employ a steam pipe 44 connected With any suitable source of steam supply and preferably provided with a regulatingv valve 45. This steam pipe terminates in a transversely extending pipe 46 which is provided With a plurality of branches 47, each entering one of the twyers 4l. as shown in Fig. 1. The pipe 44 is provided With a turn buckle coupling 48 by means of which the length of the pipe may be regulated so that the branches may be pushed farther into the combustion chamber or Withdrawn to secure the best results. Once the proper adjustment of the branches 47 relatively to the twyers has been attained, it is seldom necessary to further manipulate the turn buckle or to further adjust the branches or the tvvyers. It will be obvious that when steam is admitted to the tWyers through the branches 47, an injector action Will take place and air together With the steam Will be delivered under pressure to the combustionf chamber to produce the required forced dra t.

In order that the furnace may be quickly and readily started and in order `that an unusually hot fire may be produced in cases of emergency, I have equipped the floor of the combustion chamber With a series of oil pans 49, each being connected with a pipe 50, Which communicates With any suitable source of oil supply. lVhen it is desired to utilize these pans for starting the furnace or in cases of emergency as has been noted, the oil is admitted tothe pans from any suitable source of supply and may be ignited in the combustion chamber. The flame produced from the ignition of this oil will readily ignite the oil which is then admitted through the perforated slabs from the roof of the combustion chamber and once the furnace has been started and the supply of oil from the distributers has been regulated, the furnace will then continue to run without the assistance of the pans 49 and the oil supply thereto may be shut off. This under method of feeding may be omitted from the smaller sizes of furnaces if desired. The peculiarly constructed bridge Wall l2 in conjunction with the bottoni draft through the opening 48 and also in conjunttion with the forced draft set up by the twyers 4l, Will cause the flame in the combustion cham ber to roll upon itself and rever-berate so that the attenuated streams and drops of oil fed to the chamber by the distributers will pletely consumed inthechamb'er, lea-vingno unburned carbon particles to be carried through the flues, andthereby obviating the thick heavy smoke Which has heretofore been one of the objectionable features in oil burning furnaces, especially when required to do heavy or forced Work.

I claim: t

l. In an oil burning furnace, the combination of a lever, a plurality of distributers connected therewith, a combustion chamber located beneath said distributers, a pipe for supplying fuel to said leveler, means kfor controlling the supply of fuel to the leveler, and means including a plurality of nipples for conveyingthe oil from the distributers to the combustion chamber.

2. In an oil burning furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, aleveler, means for supplying liquid fuel thereto, a plurality of distributers above said combus# tion chamber connected with said leveler and arranged to distribute the fuel throughout the area of the combustion chamber, a vent connectedvvith the top of said leveler to perydrop into the center of the flame and be comn,

mit the liquid to rise therein, and a valve i y leveler and distributers may be drained.

3. In an oil burning furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, a closed leveler, a vent located in the top thereof, Whereby to permit liquid to rise in said leveler, a plurality of open-topped distributers arranged above said combustion chamber and connected With said leveler, a partition dividing each of said distributers into tWo compartments, and means for maintaining a y level of liquid yin said leveler sufficient to caues a steady but restricted overflow from said distributers.

4. In an oil burning furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, a flue arranged in the front Wall of said furnace and having a lateral chamber extending over the combustion chamber, a series of open-topped distributers disposed in said lateral chamber, longitudinal partitions dividing each of said distributers into a plurality ofcompartments, a leveler arranged in said flue and connected with each of said distributers, means for maintaining a predetermined level of fuel oil in said leveler andl distributers, and a series of tWyers communicating with said flue beneath the leveler and With said combustion space.

5. In an oil burning furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, an opentopped flue, a lateral chamber extending from said flue over the combustion chamber, a plurality of distributers arranged in said lateral chamber, and one or more perforated slabs disposed between said combustion chamber and said lateral chamber,the pervertical alinement with the sides of said dis! tributers to conduct the liquid fuel from said distributers to the combustion charnber.

6; ln an oil burning furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, one or more perforated slabs forming the top thereof, a plurality of distributers located above said slabs, and a plurality of removable tubes or nipples arranged in the perforations in said slabs through which the liquid fuel is fed from the distributers to the Combustion chamber.

"1'. ln an oil burning furnace, the combina-- tion of a combustion chamber, a perforated slab forming` the top of said Chamber, and a plurality of tubes or nipples having oupshaped upper ends disposed in the perforations of said slab and adapted to distribute the liquid fuel from above said slab to the Combustion chamber.

8. In an oil burning furnace, the co1nbi nation of a combustion Chamber, a plural- Copies of this patent maybe obtained for ity of arches formed therein, a slab supported on said arches and forming the top of the combustion chamber, oil distributing means disposed above said slab, and removable nipples disposed in the perforations in said slab and adapted to feed the liquid fuel from said distributers to the combustion Chamber. l

9. In an oil burning furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, a plurality of fuel pans disposed in the floor thereof, means vfor supplying fuel to said pans, perforated ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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