US1045019A - Automatic balancing device for rotors of pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like. - Google Patents

Description

A. GRIESSMANN & 0. GOTTSGHLING. AUTOMATIC BALANCING DEVICE FOR ROTORS 0F PUMPS, TURBINES, BLOWERS, AND THE LIKE. A'PPLIOATION FILED MAR], 1912.

1 {045,01 9. Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

ilhfi'fihlD entwined canton.

ARNO GEIESSMANN AND OTTO GOTTSCHLING, 01 BER-LIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO THOMAS P. KINGSFORD AND VIZRSGINIA K. HIGGINS, BOTH O'E OSVVEGO, NEW YORK.

AUTOMATIC BALANCING DEVICE FDR ROTQRS F PUMPS, TUB/RIMES, BLOWERS, AND

* THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. sierra.

Application fiIedMareh 1, 1912. Serial No. 680,935.

- and Orro G-orrsorrnrne, subjects of the 'Emperor of Germany, residing at erlin, Germany, have invented certain new. and useful Improvements in Automatic Balancing Devices for Rotors of Pumps, Turbines, Blowers,-.and the Like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvemerits/in means for balancing the thrust in centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and

v the like; and the objects and nature of the invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art in the light of the following explanatidn of the accompanying drawings showing what we now consider to be the preferred embodiment from among other formations and arrangements within the-spirit and scope of our invention.

The invention consists in certain novel features in construction and in combinations and arrangem'ents as-more fully and particularly specified and set forth hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the figure of the drawings is a longitudinal sectional view showing a portion of a pump or the. like, embodying our invention.

- In the drawings, 1, is the axis or shaft of a rotor, such as the impeller systemof a centrifugal or turbine pump or the like, em bodying one or morerunners, or impellers 2,

inclosed within a suitable casing indicated by 3, and forming the internal. or pump chamber a, containing liquid usually at the pump discharge pressure; In the drawings, we show the pressure or discharge end of the rotor and casing, and we preferably form saidend of the casing toprovide a cylinder concentric with the axis, to receive a balancing piston 4, fixed to and rotating with said axis and movable longitudinally therewith. This cylinder preferably receives an adjustable and removable cylinder lining or bushing 30, at'its inner end abutting against a stationary circular annular plate 31, forming the end head of the cylinder and separating the same from the pump pressure chamber a, and formed with an enlarged central opening providing annular liquid passage 6, around and longitudinally of the axis and at its outer end opening into the pressure chamber 0, in the cyl inder and between the opposing faces of the piston and the wall. 6r plate 31. We provide any suitable means to form a throttle fissure or passage between the chambers a and c, automatically controlled by the endwise longitudinal movement of the axis. In the specific example illustrated, we show a transversely arranged annular throttle fissure or passage d, from chamber a, to passage 6, formed by the opposing parallel adjacent surfaces of the plate or wall 31., and an annular abutment 5, fixed to, projecting transversely from and movable longitudinally with the axis 1-. This abutment, can, if so desired, be fornud by an annular projecting flange in the chamber a, and adjacent the inner face of the wall 31, and rigid with a sleeve 50, fixed on the axis 1, between the piston 4, and impeller 2, and

extending through the central opening of the wall 31. v v

In the specific example illustrated, we show the bushing 30, formed near its outer end with an external flange 32, against which a securing ring, 33, abuts, said ring surrounding the outer end of the bushing and being secured to the casing by suitable means, such as bolts 34, and holding the bushing inwardly and against the plate 31, although we do not wish to so limit the broad features of our invention.

To provide a pressure chamber and throttle fissure or outlet therefrom, at the outer end of the balancing piston, we can form or provide the outer end of the piston be yond the piston cylinder with an enlarged annular flange or head 40, having its annular inner side face opposing and arranged adjacent to suitable stationary surfaces of portions fixed to or forming parts of the casing to form the annular pressure chamber f, and the annular throttle fissure 01' outlet 9, therefrom. If so desired, the pressure chamber f, can be formed between the outer edge wall of the bushing 30, and the ring 33, and the annular portion'of the inner side face of the head- 40, surrounding the surface 41.

The balancing piston is so fitted in its cylinder as to provide a narrow passage or sealing fissure e, between the periphery of the piston and the wall of the cylinder and extending longitudinally of the piston and through which liquid can leak or pass from the pressure chamber 0, to the pressure I chamber f. The balancing piston is preferably so proportioned as to slightly overbalance the thrust on the rotor toward the suction end of the pump and hence cause the rotor to normally tend to move toward the pressure end of the pump, and the parts. are so arranged that the throttle passage from chamber a, to chamber 0, will tend to normally maintain the rotor in balanced, intermediate or normal position with the throttle fissure d, of very small capacity or exceedingly contracted to maintain the necessary relative pressures in chambers a and a, to hold the rotor in said balanced position.

If the balance of the rotor should be so disturbed as to cause movement thereof toward the pressure side of the pump, beyond balanced position, the fissure d, is correspondingly reduced to reduce the flow of liquid tochamber c, and to thereby reducethe pressure on the piston in said chamber to normal position.

If, for any reason, conditions should arise to overcome the normal overbalancing of the suction thrust by the piston, and permit movement of the rotor beyond balanced position and toward the suction end of the pump, the width and capacity of the throttle fissure d, will be correspondingly increased for free flow of liquid from chamher a, to chamber c,to maintain the pressure therein resisting movement of the piston toward the left. If for any reason, the

leakage through sealing fissure a, should be excessive or too great to permit the formation of the necessary pressure in chamber 0, to overcome the thrust toward the suction end of the pump, the continued movement to the left will then reduce the width ofthe throttle fissure g, sufiiciently to raise the pressure in chamber f, to the extent necessary to act with the pressure in chamber c, in overcoming the suction thrust and to return the rotor to normal position.

The diameter and area of the surface of the piston head or flange exposed to the pressure in climber. f, is greater than the diameter and surface of the inner piston face exposed to the pressure in chamber 0, and hence in the event of excessive thrust toward the suction end of the pump, the

rotor will be returned to balanced position by the combined pressures in chamber 0, 7,

acting in the same direction on the piston.

This balancingaction will be accomplished by the pressure in chamber f, even if through wear of parts an e'flective balancing pressure cannot be attained injcham ber 0.

It will be noted, that when the parts are in properadjustment and normal or balanced position, the throttle fissure g, is of considerable capacity to avoid formation of effective pressure in chamber 1, whereas fissure d, is of very slight capacity to permit formation of the desired balancing pressure inchambers, and to automatically maintain pro-per balance of the rotorwithout such excessive movement'as to reduce the capacity of throttle fissure g, and create effective pressure in chamber f, for the assistance of the pressure in chamber 0. However, where the pump handles liquid containing much sand, grit or acid, the surfaces forming throttle fissure d, and particularly the surfaces of the piston and piston bushing are subjected to excessive wear and the proper-adjustment of the parts and proportions of the passages and fissures are very apt to he thereby disturbed preventing the maintenance of the proper balancing pressure inchafnber 0, and permitting excessive leakage or flow through passage e, whereby the normal overbalancing of the suction thrust by the piston may be overcome permitting excessive thrust from right to left, that is, toward the suction end of the pump. It is then that the throttle fissure g, the

chamber f, and the enlarged outer end of the piston come into play to maintain the proper balance of the rotor. Advantages, however, are attained, by providing the very narrow throttle fissure d, between the piston and impeller system, inasmuch as said fissure acts asa screen or filter in retaining the larger particles of grit or the like, which might tend to grind outthe piston and piston bushing and the surfaces f01 ml11g throttle fissure g, and furthermore, the surfaces forming throttle fissure g, are normally so widely separated as not: to be subject to the excessive wear of grit and foreign matter. They piston is preferably removably secured to the shaft or axis, and the plate 31, which is subjected to the excessive wear of the grit and impurities can be not only reversible but is readily removable and renewable through the removal of the piston, and parts 33, and 30, hereinbefore described.

The longitudinal passage 1), from the throttle fissure d, to the pressure chamber 0, is preferably of fixed and excessive or considerably increased capacity with respect to the small capacity of.said throttle fissure sage, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

It is evident that various changes, varia tions, and modificationsmight be resorted to in the parts, arrangements and combinations described and hence we do not wish to limit ourselves to the exact disclosure hereof but consider ourselves entitled to all such changes, variations andmodifications as fall within the spirit and scope of our invention defined by theclaims.

That we claim is 1. Means for automatically balancing the end thrust of rotors, comprising a balancing piston on the rotor axis, and means providing a pressure-liquidpassage embodying a pressure chamber at the inner face of the piston, a throttle fissure inlet thereto, a pressure chamber at the outer face of the piston having a throttle fissure outlet of increased capacity with respect to the capacity of said throttlefissure inlet, and a sealing fissure for the leakage of liquid from said inner pressure chamber to said outer pressure chamber. I

2. Means for automatically balancing the end thrust of rotors in centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like, comprising a balancing piston on the rotor axis, and a pressure liquid passage from the pressure chamber of the pump to the outer face of the piston, said passage comprising a liquid pressure chamber at the inner face of the pis ton, a. throttle fissure inlet thereto from the pump pressure chamber, a liquid pressure chamber at the outer face of the piston having a normally inactive throttle fissure out let of normally excessive capacity with respect to the capacity of said fissure inlet, and a sealing .fissure extending longitudinally and exteriorly of the piston for the leakage of liquid from said inner pressure chamber to said outer pressure chamber, said pressure chambers arranged so that the liquid therein will act on the piston in the same direction.

8QMea ns for automatically balancing the end thrust of the rotors of centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like, comprising a balancing piston on the rotor axis having an-outer .facecof greater diameter and area than the inner face of the piston and arranged to'act longitudinally on the rotorin the same direction as the inner face, means providing liquid pressure chambers at said faces, a passage for flow of liquid from the inner pressure chamberto the outer pressure chamber, a throttle fissure inlet of re duced capacity to said inner pressure chamher, and a throttle fissure outlet from said outer pressure chamber and normally of excessive capacity to normally prevent forma- -t1on of effective balanclng pressure in said outer pressure chamber. a

a. Means for automatically. balancing the end thrust of the rotors of centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like, comprising a balancing piston on the rotor axis having a liquid-pressure chamber at its inner face, a throttle fissure inlet thereto from thepressurev chamber of the pump, said piston provided with an enlarged annular outer.

end head providing an outer face of enlarged area, and having a liquid pressure chamber, a throttle fissure outlet from said outer pressure chamber normally of excessive capacity to not throttle the liquid in said outer pressure chamber, and a passage extending longitudinally and exteriorly of the piston for leakage of liquid from said inner to said outer pressure chamber 5. Means for automatically balancing the rotors of centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like, comprising a balancing piston on the rotor axis, a cylinder therefor providing a sealing fissure exteriorly and longitudinally thereof for leakage of liquid from theinner to the outer face of the pis -ton, the inner face of said piston and said tion with said sealing fissure and having a throttle fissure outlet of a normally excesslve capacity.

6. Means for automatically balancing the rotors of centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like, comprising a casing, a balancing piston on the pump axis having an enlarged annular outer end forming an inwardly facing outer annular face, a removable annular plate forming an inner pressure chamber in conjunction with the inner piston face and an annular longitudinal passage thereto, a'n abutment on the axis in conjunction with said plate forming a throttle fissure inlet to said passage, a removable piston" bushing abutting said plate and forming a sealing fissure longitudinally of and around the piston periphery and in conjunction with said outer piston. face forming an outer pressure chamber at said face, and a removable plate having securing means and abutting said bushing and in conjunction with said outer piston face forming athrot- -tle fissure outlet from said. outer pressure chamber.- I

7. Means for automatically balancing the rotors of centrifugal pumps, turbines, blowers, and the like, comprising a casing, a balancing piston on the pump axis, a removable annular plate forming an inner pressure able plate having securing means and abut- 1H chamber in conjunction with the inner pisting said bushrng.

ton face and an annular longitudinal pas- In testimony whereof we allix our signasage thereto, an abutment on the axis in tures in presence of two .witnesses. conjunction with said plate .forming a throt- ARNO GRIESSMANN, tle fissure inlet to said passage, a removable OTTO GOTTSCHLING. piston-bushing abutting said plate and form- WVitnesses:

ing a sealing fissure longitudinally of and VVOLDEMAR HAUPT,

around the piston periphery, and a ren1 ov- HENRY HAsrnR.

Jopies of this patent may be obtained for five. cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

Images