US1003284A - Well-digging apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

C. B. MARTIN.

V WELL DIGGING APPARATUS.

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA n.14, 1910. Y l

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ennemis B.' MARTIN, or Pommern, onEGoN.

WELL-mesme Arrennrus.

' Speciicatioii of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 12, 1911.

application inea pru i4, 1910. serial No. 555,409'.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES B. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Portland, in the county of Multnomah and State of regon, have invented a new and Improved Well-Digging Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and eX- act description.

rl`his invention relates to apparatus for digging wells, and for forming bores in the earth, t'or did'erent purposes, and has reference more particularly to apparatus or `this class comprising a casing adapted to headv'anced into the here as it is formed, a drill head associated with the casing, andmeans for conducting duid pressure to the drill head to cause the saine to advance into the earth.

'lhe object of the invention is to provide asimple, strong and e''cient 4apparatus for digging Artesian, oil or other wells', in which Huid pressure is used for operating the drill head, by ineens of which bores can be drilled ra idly and at comparatively low cost, whic can he employed for forming bores through sand, earth, or rock, by means of which the work can be carried on rapidly and without interruption, which does not easily become disarranged, and which requires comparatively little supervision.

he invention consists in the construction and combination of parts to be more fully described hereinafter and particularly set forth in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a par-t of this ,specification, in which similar characters of refern ence indicate corresponding partsy in all the views, and in which Figure l is a vertical section showing an embodiment of my invention in operation in comparatively soft material, suchasdirt or sand; Fig. 2 is 4e similar view showing the apparatus used for drilling e. bore through rock; Fig. 3 is enlarged longitudinal section of the lower end of the drill casing and the drill head; ll'ig. l is a similar view, the

section being teken at right anglesto the section shown in Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 is an end view of the drill point.

BeforeA proceeding to a more detailed eirplanetioiio my invention it should` be clearlyA understood, thet`" while the appare;` tus is particularly useful for digging oil and Artesian wells, it canf'also-beA advantafrom metal o eration. If rock is encountered, however, Y t

e hydraulic pressure is used to raise the drill head and point a distance, whereupon it descends gravitationally when the pressure isreleased. By repeating these operations a bore can be drilled with ease, through rock. The pressure is turned ed automatically when the drill head rises, and conscquently the parts descend under the inhuence Aci? their weight, vand strike a heavy blow at the lower end of the bore, with a corresponding cutting action. Any suitable,

available pressure can be'employed. l have found that hydrauliclpressure of two hundred and fifty pounds to the square inch, withn a flow of one thousand gallons a ininute, is adequate for the operation of my apparatus, under ordinary circumstances.

Referring more particularly to the draw ings, I employ s.- tubular casing 10, fashioned iping or the like, and consist ing prefereJ ly of sections which can be easily jointed together. As the casing def scends into the bore with the progress of the drilling operation, additional sections can be added to lengthen the casing as necessary. At the lower end, the casing has therein a lining collar 11, at the lower edge of which is located, wit-hin the casing, a gasket or washer'12 of any suitable material. Within the lining collar is' movably located e. drill head 13 consisting of an elon ted member which fits fairly snugly within the collar, and has two passa es 14 and 15 respectively, extending longitu inally through it. Near the lower end, it is provided .with threads 16 bymeans of which it can be screwed intoa laterally extended,tepered drill point l?,

which has e. chamber '18 therein, and is pro vided with perforetions 19. The point has a. cutter 20 which has a. tubular shank 21 positioned' in an end openingV or passege 22 of the point. Theshank-21commiinicates with a tubular extension 23 ofthe' drllll-hed.

The extension is inclined to one side when the drill head and point are associated,

extends to the outlet passage 22. The passageliof the head terminates at the lend thereof, as is shown most clearly in. Fig. 3.

` The head 17 may be of'any suitable size, and if so desired, may be provided with ribs 24. It extends laterally beyond the tubular casing 10, andlin normal positions of the parts, seats against the lower end of the casing and the gasket 12. The drill head, near the upper end has recesses in the opposite sides thereof, adapted to receive pegs or studs 26 which constitute keepers to hold the drill head and point in the positions shown-in Fig. 3. The keepers 26 are connected by a iexible member or line 27 for a purpose which will appear hereinafter.

I employ a pressure pipe 28, andan es- 'cape pipe 29. These at the lower ends have extended parts 30 and 31, which are located vin the passages 14 and 15 respectively. The

latter have the upper ends reduced to form shoulders adapted to engage the extended parts of the plpes, so that the same are retained in position. A stop member 32 has openings 33 through which the pipes pass. It is rigidly secured to the pipes and forms an abutment for a helical spring 34. The latter is mounted about the pipes and engages the upper end of the drill head.

The pressure or supply pipe 28 has coni nected thereto at its upper end, by means of a suitable coupling 35, a hose 36, or other conduit, for supplying the fluid under pressure, from a suitable pipe system 37. I provide la Valve 38 of an convenient type, by meansfof which the ow of fluid into the pipe 28 'can` be controlled and regulated. The escape pipe discharges at an convenient point, and if so desired, a redge or other pum can be connected with the esca e pipe, to acilitate the iow of the iuld through it. At times it will be found convenient to employ a counterweight. As is shownA for example in Fig. 2, a suitable stand 39 .is .erected near the upper end of the bore, and has a pulley 40, over which .a rope 41' passes. The rope is secured to a ycrosspiece42, mounted near the upper ends of the pipes and has at the otherextremity a Suitable weight 43. The weightgtends to lift the pipes, and the drill head and oint associated therewith.' In the form o the invention shown in Fig. 2, the supply pipe, at the upper end has a valve 44, an operating arm 45 of -which is pivotally secured to a suitable support 46,y forl a purpose to appear hereinafter. The form of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used for drilling throu h soft material, such as sand, or dirt. T e bore A resultin is formed by the erosive action of the iiuid under pressure, as well as the weight of the apparatush The water enters through the ipe 28 at high pressure, and ows through tlie drillhead, escaping at the point, through the shank passage. It

washes away the material so that the drill head adually forces its way downward througr the material. The water escapes by entering the chamber .18 through .the openings 19, and fiowing to the escape plpe, through the passage 15. A certain quantity of the water will also find its way to the surface of the earth through the bore A at the outside of the casing 10.

If it is desired to use the apparatus for drilling through rock or other resistive material, the keepers 26 are removed by means of a grapple which is let down into the casing and employed to seize the line 27. When thekeepers are removed, the drill head is capable of a limited reciprocating movement vertically. The operation of the device is then as follows i The valve 38 is opened, the water at once rushes into the pipe 28, and to the head, escaping with great violence at the point. The result is that the reaction drives the drill head upward against the tension of the spring, compressing the same', and thus carrying the pipes 28 and 29 upward with it untll the position of the parts shown in Fig. 3 is reached that is until the point engages at the lower end o the casing. The upward movement of the fpressure pipe 28 has closed the valve 44, the

operating member 45 of which is secured to the support 46. This causes the pressure to cease, and the drill head gravitationally returns to its original position, striking the head a blow at the lower end of the bore B. This drilling action is repeated until the bore is carried as far as desired. The coun- I terweight 43 assists in raising the drill head and the p ressure and supply pipes. The

spring assists the downward movement of Athe drill head when the pressure is shut off,

forated, iuid can enter the well through it.

If so desired, suitable means can be provided or holdin the casing 10 centrally within the bore. l owever, in the course of the drilling operation, earth and stones, or other material in the bore will gradually pack in around the casing at different points,

and thus serve to center it within 4the bore. I {aving thus described my invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a casing, a movable drill head at the lower end of said casing', nieans for conducting fluid under pressure to said head, and means for temporarily' holding said head against movement relative to said prising a casing, a-movable drill head at the lower end of said casin and havin a drill point, a pipe for lconducting dui under pressure to said head, a valve controlling the ow of duid through said pipe,a spring tende ing to depress said head a pi e for conducting duid away from said head, and a keeper for holding said head a ainst movement relative to said casing, sai keeper being releasable from a point remote from said head.

d. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a casing, a reciprocating drill head at the lower end thereof and having a limited movement, a pipe :for supplying duid pressure to said drill head to raise the same,

a valve located near the entrance of the bore for regulating the duid pressure in said pipe, and mechanical connections between said 'pi e and said valve whereby a movement oigsaid pipe serves to close said valve.

5. Apparatus or the class described, comprising a casing, a reciprocatin drill head at the lower end thereof and iavin assages therethrough, a drill point carried by sa1d head and communicatin with said pas' sages, a spring tending to old said head in a depressed position, a pi for sup lying duid under pressure to sai head an communicating with one of said passages, a duid pressure escape pipe communicating with the other of said passages, a valve controllin a dow of duid through said rst pipe an located near the upper end thereof, and means for closin said valve by an upward movement of sai i e.

6. Apparatus ofpthe class described, comprising acasing, a reciprocatin drill head at the lower end thereof and avingA as sages therethrough, a drill point carrie by said head and communicating with said assages, a spring tending to hold said hea in a depressed position, a pipe for sup lying duid under pressure to said head and communicating with one of said passages, a duid pressure escape ipe communicating with -the other of said passages, a valve controlling a :flowof fluid through said-first pipe, means rork closing said valve by an upward movement of sa1d pipe, anda counterweight tending to raise said pipe.

-. 7. .l Appartaus ofr the class descri comof Huid into one of said pipes,

prisinga casing, a reciprocating drill head at the lower end thereof and having a perforated drill point, said head having passages therethrough, pipes communicating with said passages, a stop member carried by said pip, a spring engagin said stop member and said head, and ten ing to depress the latter, a valve for regulating the flow and a fixed support operatively connected to said valve, whereb a movement of said pipe having said va ve serves to close the latter.

8. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a casing, a reciprocating drill head "at the lower end thereof and havmg a perforated drill point, said head having passages therethrough, pipes communicatin with said passages, a stop member carried by said pipes, a s ring en agin l member and said ead, an ten ing to deress the latter, a valve for regulating the dow of fluid into one of said pipes and connected therewith, a ixed support operatively connected to said valve, whereby a movement of said pipe having said valve serves to close the latter, said head havin a recess, and a removable member locate in said recess and serving to prevent the movement of said head relative to said Casin Apparatus of the class descri d, comprising a casing, a reciprocatingI drill head at the lower end thereof and having a perforated drill point, said head having pas-` sages therethrough, pipes communicating with said passages, and extending longitudinally of said casing, a stop member carried by said pipes, a spring en aging said stop member and vsaid head, an tending to depress the latter, a valve for regulating the dow ofduid into one of said pipes, said valve having an o erating arm, a fixed support having sai arm pivotally secured thereto, whereby a movement of said pipe having said valve, serves to close the latter, and a counterweight connected with said pipes and tending to raise the same.

10. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a casing, a reciprocating drill head at the lower end thereo and having a perforated drill point, said head having passages therethrough, pipes communicating with said dinally of said casing, a stop member carried by said pipes, a spring en agin said stopmember and said head, an tending to depress the latter, a valve for regulating the flow of fluid into one of said pipes, said valve having an operating arm, a xed support havin said arm pivotally secured thereto, Awhere y a movement of said ipe having said valve, serves to close the atter and a counterweight connected with said pipes and tending to raise the same, said passages having the upper ends reduced, sard pipes having enlarged parts located within passages, and extending longituf said stop i seid' passages,a under said reduced ends thereof; whereby said pipes serve tov 'limit the `downward movement of said head.

11. Apparatus of the class described, comE prising a, Casin having a lining collar et the lower end t ereof, a drill head located. at the lower end of said casing, within said lining coller, and having a drill point` laterally extended beyond said easlng, Seid 10 drill pointbeing' of annular form at the uper end and adapted to seat at the lower en of said"`casing, and a gasket positioned at the lower endef said casing.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 15 two subscribing witnesses.

n CHARLES B. MARTIN. l Witnesses:

ERNEe'r Koen J. EDWARD Whse.

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