UA22680U - Method for contour firing in layered rocks - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for contour firing in layered rocks relates to mining-producing industry, in particular to methods of blasting rock massif, and can be used at open-pit operations at mineral extraction, in building at construction of profile grooves, trenches and pits.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model refers to the mining industry, in particular to the methods of undermining a mountain 2 massif and can be used in open-pit mining operations, in construction, in the construction of profile recesses, trenches, and pits.

The closest technical solution, chosen as a prototype, is the method of contour blasting in layered rocks, which includes drilling from the surface of the upper edge of the ledge, in the plane of the intended contour, in the direction opposite to the fall of the layers, a number of inclined parallel wells. Wells are drilled to a depth of 70 mm with redrilling for the lower edge of the ledge. The distance between the wells in a row is determined from the dependence of athauax(zipA nsozA ОВ), where amax - Distance between wells in a row in monolithic rocks, m;

A - the angle of fall of layers to the vertical, degrees;

B - the angle of drilling wells to the vertical, degrees.

After drilling wells, they are charged with both cartridge and loose explosives. A warhead is placed in the charge, which is connected by an explosive chain. A filler is placed in the upper part of the well, an explosive charge is placed in the bottom part, and there is an air cavity between the charge and the filler.

Detonation of the charge of the contour well is done with an advance of 75-100ms. After the blasting of adjacent wells, a contour gap with a width of at least 0.23-0.24 m is formed between them, the surface of which preserves 8,095 traces of wells, but the formed contour surface is permeated with a network of radial cracks and microcracks induced by the energy of the explosion with their penetration to a depth of at least 0.50 -0.75m deep into the contour massif.

The contour surface of the slope of the ledge is unevenly worked by the energy of the explosion along its entire plane, with a wide contour gap formed that is not sufficiently equal along the entire height of the slope of the ledge due to the dispersion of the energy of the explosion into the massif around each adjacent and extreme well of the contour row. (Author's certificate Mo1743257 A1, 5MPK 29 E21С37/00, E4203/04, 1990). -

The disadvantages of the known method are the insufficient quality of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge along its entire height, since the formed contour gap will be wide enough and not sufficiently even along the entire height of the slope of the ledge due to significant dispersion in the sections between adjacent wells of the energy of the explosion in layered rocks, which contributes to the opening of natural cracks and microcracks of rocks deep behind the contour massif. In this case, the contour crack o is formed with a width of at least 0.23-0.24 m, although it preserves up to 8095 traces of wells, but (ee) the formed contour surface is permeated with a network of radial cracks and micro cracks induced by the energy of the explosion with penetration to a depth of at least 0 ,50-0,75 m deep behind the contour massif. In addition, the contour surface и-ои is unevenly worked by the energy of the explosion along the entire height of the slope of the ledge, as a result of the use of bottom charges Ge of the explosive substance. This technology leads to rock chipping along the line of wells of the contour row

Zo occurs along a broken line with the formation of a zone of residual deformations in the upper part of the slope of the ledge, which can lead to involuntary chipping of layers during further blasting operations in the quarry, and this, in turn, will lead to a decrease in the angle of the slope of the ledge with a violation of its stability. In addition, with such a technology of contour blasting in layered rocks, there will be a relatively large volume of drilling work, a sufficiently large " specific consumption of the explosive substance, as well as large emissions of explosion products into the environment and a significant Z 70 seismic impact on industrial and civilian objects , which will reduce their service life. c The reasons preventing the obtaining of the technical result of the claimed useful model, "with" the prototype, are: - drilling of inclined parallel wells of a contour row with over-drilling beyond the lower edge of a large-diameter ledge and with a small distance between adjacent wells of the row determined from the declared ratio 75 leads to a relatively large volume of drilling operations and a significant specific consumption of explosives; o - the formation of an explosive charge in the bottom part of the well, the placement of a charge in the upper part of the ka with an air cavity between the charge and the charge, a warhead, then after detonating the charge of the wells of the contour row between the adjacent wells, a contour gap will be formed, which preserves 8095 traces of the well, but

The formed contour surface will be penetrated by a network of radial cracks and microcracks caused by the explosion energy (ee) 20 with their penetration to a depth of at least 0.50-0.75 m deeper than the contour massif. The contour surface of the slope of the ledge will be unevenly developed along its entire plane, and the contour gap formed will not be sufficiently equal along the entire height of the slope of the ledge, as a result of the dispersion of the explosion energy into the massif around each adjacent well in layered rocks, it will contribute to the opening of natural cracks and micro-cracks of rocks in depth contour massif, which during further blasting operations in the quarry may lead to involuntary splitting of layers, 99 reduction of the slope angle of the ledge with a violation of its stability. c The task of the proposed useful model is to develop a method of contour blasting in layered rocks, in which, by ensuring the possibility of forming along the entire plane of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge, a narrow enough equal contour gap simultaneously along the entire height of the slope of the ledge due to the possibility of uniform concentrated and directed combined action of energy explosion, which is formed in the form of a thin 60 cumulative metal jet and a cumulative flow of shock waves, and jets of explosion products, between adjacent wells of the contour row in the direction of the intended contour along the entire plane of the contour surface of the ledge slope, achieve an increase in the quality of the contour surface of the ledge slope, ensuring its long-term stability, reducing the volume of drilling work and the specific consumption of explosives, and due to this, environmental protection is improved, ensuring the preservation of industrial and civilian objects, and increasing their service life.

The essential features of the proposed useful model are: - drilling from the surface of the upper edge of the ledge, in the plane of the intended contour, in the direction opposite to the fall of the layers, a number of inclined parallel wells; - placement of loose explosive charges in wells; - blowing up wells; - wells are drilled to the depth of the lower edge of the ledge with placement of solid explosive charges in them with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed in the extreme wells on the side of adjacent wells, and in adjacent wells on both sides relative to every 7/o wells with thin metal lining of each cumulative notch; - the length of the explosive charge is no more than 0.80--0.85 of the depth of the wells; - the volume of the longitudinal cumulative recess of the outer well of the row is equal to the volume of the cumulative recesses of adjacent wells and is at least 8-1295 of the volume of the well along the length of the charge; - the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks is determined from the dependence of 15. atssh1.45--1.50.amon (vVipPAzhsovA SE).

The new significant features of the proposed useful model are: - wells are drilled to the depth of the lower edge of the ledge with placement of solid explosive charges in them with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed in the extreme wells from the side of adjacent wells, and in adjacent wells on both sides relative to each adjacent well with a thin metal lining of each cumulative recess; - the length of the explosive charge is no more than 0.80--0.85 of the depth of the wells; - the volume of the longitudinal cumulative recess of the outer well of the row is equal to the volume of the cumulative recesses of adjacent wells and is at least 8-1295 of the volume of the well along the length of the charge; - the distance between the wells in a row in layered rocks is determined from the dependence of acE1.45-1.50.amon (vViPAzhsova SE). -

Thus, thanks to the combination of known and new essential features, it became possible to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between them and the obtained technical result.

Due to the fact that the drilling of wells is done to the depth of the lower edge of the ledge, with the placement of continuous explosive charges in them with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed in the extreme wells from the side of adjacent wells, and in adjacent wells from both sides relative to each adjacent well with the thin metal lining of each cumulative notch.

This will make it possible to achieve a concentrated and directed combined action of the energy of the explosion, which is formed in the form of a thin cumulative metal jet and a cumulative flow of shock waves, and jets of products from the explosion, between adjacent wells of the contour row in the direction of the intended contour along the entire

From the plane of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge, as when detonating the charges of the wells of the contour row drilled to the depth of the lower edge of the ledge, the detonation wave moves along the entire length of the charge in the direction of the cumulative recess. Under the action of the pressure of the detonation wave, the metal lining of the cumulative recess begins to move in the radial direction along the entire length of the charge to its longitudinal axis, as if squeezing and "closing". Due to the compression of the metal lining, a portion of the metal from its inner surface flows and is ejected along the entire length of the charge in the direction of the adjacent well in the form of a thin density, which has a high o) s speed, which can reach a maximum within the limit equal to twice the detonation speed of the explosive. When "» meeting on its way with the rock, the metal cumulative jet penetrates it, the rock "spreads in radial directions relative to the metal cumulative jet, forming a narrow gap that deepens in the direction of the adjacent well. After the end of the detonation process, shock waves and explosion products form a cumulative flow of shock waves and jets of explosion products, the pressure of which reaches a value of up to 10 hPa and is ejected in a thin jet along the entire length of the well in the direction of adjacent wells with a speed of 14,000-1,600 Ω/sec., deepening a gap formed by a metallic cumulative jet.

During the interaction of simultaneously detonating charges of adjacent wells, on the line of their placement, the impact on the bedrock

The number of bridges between adjacent wells of cumulative metal jets and cumulative flows of shock so 20 Waves and jets of explosion products coincides and is summed up. As a result, a narrow gap is formed between adjacent wells. In the direction perpendicular to the formed narrow gap, the destructive stresses c are practically zero. Disturbances do not spread deep into the massif, and the contour surface of the formed narrow gap will be much smoother, undisturbed by blasting. This will contribute to improving the quality of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge to ensure its long-term stability, reducing the volume of explosive works and the specific consumption of explosives. c Due to the fact that the length of the explosive charge is no more than 0.80-0.85 of the depth of the well, the volume of the longitudinal cumulative recess of the outermost well of the row is equal to the volume of the cumulative recesses of the adjacent well and is at least 8-1295 of the volume of the well along the length of the charge, this will make it possible to reduce the specific consumption of the explosive substance and provide the possibility of a concentrated and directed combined action 60 of the explosion energy, which is formed in the form of a thin cumulative metal jet and a cumulative flow of shock waves and jets of explosion products between adjacent wells of the contour row in the direction of the intended contour along the entire plane of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge, which will help to increase and ensure its long-term stability, reduce the volume of drilling work and the specific consumption of explosives. b5 If the length of the charge is taken to be more than 0.85 of the depth of the well, it will be irrational, as it will only increase the specific flow rate of the explosive substance and will not improve the effect of the combined action of the energy of the explosion on the rock to obtain a narrow enough even contour gap simultaneously along the entire height the slope of the ledge.

In the event that the volume of the longitudinal cumulative recess of the outermost well of the row is greater or less than the volume of the longitudinal cumulative recesses of the adjacent well, then the combined action of the explosion energy will be uneven in the direction of the intended contour along the entire plane of the contour surface of the ledge slope and, accordingly, the contour gap will be not even and wide, in addition, if the volume of cumulative recesses is taken to be less than 8-1295 of the volume of the well, then the formed cumulative metal jet will be of low density, insufficient to penetrate the rock to the extent that a narrow contour gap equal to 70 the entire height of the slope of the ledge.

Due to the fact that the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks is determined from the dependence of ash -1.45--1.50.amon (zipAnsozA (9), where ash is the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks, m; amon. - Distance between wells in a row in monolithic rocks, m;

A - the angle of fall of layers to the vertical, degrees;

B - the angle of drilling wells to the vertical, degrees.

This makes it possible to more rationally determine the parameters of drilling and blasting operations along the contour row, since the determined dependence takes into account the angle of fall A of the formations, the drilling angle B of the wells of the contour row, the maximum distance between the wells in monolithic rocks and the coefficient of increase in the breakthrough distance between the wells of the contour row during their blasting.

Wells drilled in the plane of the contour, with a slope in the direction opposite to the direction of the fall of the layers, cross all the layers in the plane of the contour, forming a kind of monolithic sections, limited by adjacent wells and layers. During the interaction of simultaneously detonating charges, on the line of their placement, the impact on rock bridges between adjacent wells of cumulative metal jets and cumulative flows of shock waves and jets of explosion products coincides and is summed up. As a result, a narrow gap is formed between adjacent wells, the surface of which preserves more than 90,195 traces of wells. In the direction Z perpendicular to the formed narrow gap, the destructive stresses are practically zero. Disturbances do not extend into the depth of the massif, and the contour surface of the formed narrow gap is at the same time much more even along the entire height of the slope of the ledge, undisturbed by explosive works, preserves and ensures the appropriate long-term stability "3

From the slope of the ledge.

If the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks is less than 1.45-1.50.amon (zipAnsozA 098), then the number of wells in the contour row will increase, as a result of which Ge) the volume will increase drilling operations and the specific consumption of the explosive substance, which will be irrational to use such a dependence. see

In the event that the distance between the wells in a row in layered rocks - a ,, will be greater than 1.45-1.50.amon (zipAnsovA-98), then there will not be enough explosion energy for a uniform concentrated and directed combined action on the destruction of rock formations a bridge between adjacent wells and the possibility of forming a narrow enough even contour gap at the same time along the entire height of the slope of the ledge and will accordingly reduce the quality of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge and its stability.

The essentiality of the method of contour blasting in layered rocks is explained by the drawings, where: t c - in Fig. 1 - the scheme of placement of wells of the contour row in the vertical plane is presented; h - in Fig. 2 - the diagram of placement of wells of the contour row in the horizontal plane is presented; » - in Fig. 3 - the diagram of placement of wells with the angle of drilling to the vertical and the angle of fall of formations with the distances between the wells of the contour row is presented; - in Fig. 4 - a scheme of placement in the vertical plane of wells of a contour row with charges of explosive substance and lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge; from - to Fig. 5 - section along A-A Fig. 4,

The claimed method is carried out as follows. b" On the basis of geological data on the angle of dip of layers 1 of the deposit in the plane of the expected contour, a series of inclined parallel wells 2 are drilled in the known 50 method. Drilling of wells 2 is done from the surface of the upper edge of ledge C in the direction opposite to the dip of layers 1 to the depth of the lower edge of ledge 3 The distance m) between wells of the 2nd row is determined in layered rocks a, from the following dependence: ash -1.45-1.50.amon (zipAnsozA (9), where ash is the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks, m ; 29 1.45-1.50 - the coefficient of increase in the punching distance between wells of a contour row when they are blown up; c amon - Distance between wells in a row in monolithic rocks, m;

A - the angle of fall of layers to the vertical, degrees;

B - the angle of drilling wells to the vertical, degrees.

This dependence takes into account the angle of fall A of layers 1 to the vertical and the drilling angle B of wells 2 of the contour row 60 to the vertical, as well as the maximum distance between wells 2 in monolithic rocks. The direction of fall of layers 1 is shown by the arrow Gud, the direction of drilling of wells 2 is shown by the arrow E s. To prove the specified dependence, consider the triangle ABC (Fig. 3).

We need to determine the distance between adjacent wells 2 - (AB). We take the angle of inclination of layers 1 from the vertical plane A, and the angle of drilling wells 2 to the vertical axis, equal to B. We take the side BC of the triangle because ABC is equal to Oman. The height CO of triangle ABC divides it into two rectangles. The side OB of the triangle SOV is equal to OB, and OB is amonvipA. The height CO of the triangle ABC is equal to CO, and CO-auonosovA, whence the side AO of the triangle ABC is equal to ; therefore, the total length of AB is equal to

Ap-a so5s

MES ia(907 - 8) so5 s | ; after transformation we get

AV - Amon 1902 -5 schu Kamon and 5ips

AV-au,-amon (zipAzhnsozA 98)

In the proposed method, continuous charges 4 of an explosive substance with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches 5 along the entire length of the charge 4 are placed in wells of the contour row. In the extreme wells 2 of the row, cumulative notches 5 are formed from the side of adjacent wells 2, and in adjacent wells 2 from both sides relative to each adjacent well 2 with a thin metal lining b of each cumulative notch 5.

Therefore, taking into account the cumulative effect, the empirically determined coefficient of increase in the punching distance between wells of a contour row when they are blown up is 1.45--1.50, then the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks a,, is determined by the following dependence a, - 1.45--1.50.amon (zZipAnsozA (98). After drilling wells 2, thin metal linings 6 are placed in them in one of the known ways, for example, with an angular profile along the entire length of the charge 4 for forming lateral longitudinal cumulative recesses 5 of the explosive charge 4 substance. The length of the charge 4 is no more than 0.80-0.85 of the depth of the well 2, and the volume of the lateral longitudinal cumulative recess 5 of the extreme well 2 of the row relative to the adjacent well 2 is equal to the volume of the two lateral longitudinal cumulative recesses 5 of the adjacent well 2 and is at least 8-12 95 of the volume of well 2 along the length of charge 4 (Fig. 4, 5). After placing linings 6 in wells 2, wells 2 are charged with bulk explosive along the length ini charge 4 and place in it at least three fighters 7, 29 connected by an explosive chain. In the upper part of the well, place the hammer 8. 2

After placement in the wells 2 of thin metal linings 6, for example, angular profile, warheads 7, charges 4 of explosive substance and hammer 8, the process of creating in the wells 2 a contour row of solid charges 4 of explosive substance with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches 5 with a thin metal lining b along the entire along the length of charge 4 in adjacent wells, while the volume of the lateral longitudinal cumulative recess 5 of the outermost well is equal to the volume of the lateral longitudinal cumulative recesses 5 of the adjacent well so and is at least 8-1295 of the volume of well 2 along the length of charge 4.

When the charges 4 of the wells 2 of the contour row are detonated, a detonation wave occurs, which moves uniformly along the entire length of the charge 4 in the direction of the cumulative recess 5. Under the action of the pressure of the detonation wave, the metal lining 6 of the cumulative recess 5 begins to move in the radial direction along the entire length of the charge 4 to its longitudinal axis, as if pressing and closing. Due to the compression of the metal lining 6, a particle of metal c from its inner surface flows and is ejected along the entire length of the charge 4 in the direction of the adjacent well 2 in the form of a thin cumulative metal jet of high density, which has a high speed, which can reach a maximum within the limit equal to twice the detonation speed of the explosive substances When meeting the rock on its "path, the metal cumulative jet penetrates it, the rock spreads in radial directions relative to the metal cumulative jet, forming a narrow gap that deepens in the direction of the adjacent well 2. c" After the end of the detonation process, shock waves and explosion products form a cumulative flow of shock waves and jets of explosion products, the pressure of which reaches a value of up to 10 hPa and is ejected in a thin jet along the entire length of well 2 in the direction of adjacent wells 2 at a speed of 14,000-1,600 Ω/sec., deepening the gap formed by the metal cumulative jet. where Wells 2, drilled in the plane of the intended contour, with a slope in the opposite direction to the fall of layers 1, intersect all layers 1 in the plane of the contour, forming a kind of monolithic sections, limited by adjacent wells 2 and layers 1. When simultaneously detonating charges of 4 adjacent

Me of wells 2, on the line of their placement, impact on rock bridges between adjacent wells 2 cumulative

Go) 20 metal jets and cumulative flows of shock waves and jets of explosion products coincide and are summed up. In part, at a point equidistant between charges 4, the cumulative effect m is doubled compared to the explosion of one charge 4. As a result, a narrow gap is formed between adjacent wells 2. In the direction perpendicular to the formed narrow gap, the destructive stresses are practically zero. Disturbances do not spread into the depth of the massif, but a narrow, sufficiently even contour gap formed along the entire 22 planes of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge 1 at the same time along the entire height of the slope of the ledge, undisturbed by explosive works, improves the quality of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge and ensures the appropriate long-term stability of the slope of the ledge 1 , while the volume of drilling works and the specific consumption of the explosive material are reduced.

The technological parameters of the claimed method were obtained empirically by the SE "Research Mining and Mining Institute 60" as a result of laboratory studies of the influence of uniformly applied loads on the formation of cracks in layered rocks when drilling inclined parallel wells of a contour row, with given technological parameters, drilled in the direction opposite to the dip of the layers , as well as when simulating with the help of microexplosions the technology of contour detonation in layered rocks of well charges with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed from the side of adjacent 62 wells with thin metal lining.

Example.

Industrial tests of the proposed method were carried out in Kryvbas at the "Yuzhnyi" quarry of the Artem State University of Applied Sciences, where the rocks are crushed into folds with tectonic disturbances, with an angle of inclination of the strata of 209. The rock ledge has an angle of separation of 69-70 to the horizontal, height 15m, length 50m, width 27m, strength 10-12 points on the scale of prof. M.M. Protodiakonova.

From the surface of the upper edge of the escarpment, in the plane of the expected contour, in the direction opposite to the fall of the layers, a series of parallel wells with a diameter of 200mm, inclined at an angle of 302 to the vertical, were drilled to a depth of 15m to the lower edge of the escarpment. The distance between wells in a row is determined in layered rocks with the following dependence: ash -1.50.amon (zvipAnsozA (OV), where au is the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks, m; amon - Distance between wells in a row in monolithic rocks, m;

A - the angle of fall of layers to the vertical, deg.;

B - the angle of drilling wells to the vertical, degrees;

The specified dependence takes into account the coefficient of increase in the penetration distance between the wells of the contour row when they are blown up, which is determined empirically, is taken as equal to 1.50, amon - The distance between the wells in monolithic rocks is 2.0 m, the angle of fall of the formations to the vertical is А-202, the drilling angle wells to the vertical B-Z0e, then the distance between the wells in a row in layered rocks - a, will be: ash -1,50.2,0(vip2Oonsov20949302)-2 4M

After drilling the wells of the contour row, they form a lining for the lateral longitudinal cumulative recesses of the charge along its length, which is made of an angular profile of thin sheet metal with a thickness of 1.0-4.5 mm and is placed in the outer wells from the side of the adjacent wells, and in the adjacent wells - from two sides relative to each adjacent well. Lining of the corner profile in the outermost 29 wells is 75x75mm, and in adjacent wells 5O0x5Omm. The length of the cladding is 0.85, 15m-12.75m. The volume of the longitudinal cumulative recess of the outermost well of the row is equal to the volume of the lateral longitudinal cumulative recesses of the adjacent well and is 40710 cm C (10965) of the volume of each well of the contour row along the length of the charge.

After placing in the wells metal linings forming longitudinal cumulative recesses, the wells are charged for a length of 0.85 of the depth of the well, that is 12.75 m of loose explosives with gramonite 79/21. In the charges, three warheads - T-400 checkers are placed evenly along the length of the charge, filled with explosives, and the checkers are connected with an explosive chain. In the upper part of the well, it is placed. Gee!

After placing the metal linings in the wells in relation to the charges, warheads and packing, the process of formation of continuous explosive charges in the wells with lateral longitudinal cm cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed from the side of the adjacent wells with thin metal linings, ends.

When detonating the charges of the wells of the contour row, the detonation wave moves along the entire length of the charge in the direction of the cumulative recess. Under the action of the pressure of the detonation wave, the metal lining of the cumulative recess -o begins to move in the radial direction along the entire length of the charge to its longitudinal axis, as if squeezing and closing. Due to the compression of the cladding, a portion of the metal from its inner surface flows and is ejected along the entire "z" length of the charge in the direction of the adjacent well in the form of a thin cumulative metal jet of high density with a high speed, which can reach a maximum within the limits equal to twice the detonation speed of the explosive substance. When meeting a rock on its way, the cumulative jet penetrates it, the Kyu 15 rock spreads in the radial direction relative to the cumulative metal jet, forming a narrow gap, which is directed deep into the adjacent well. After the end of the detonation process, shock waves and explosion products form a cumulative flow of b" shock waves and jets of explosion products, the pressure of which reaches a value of up to 10 hPa and a narrow jet that is ejected along the entire length of the well in the direction of adjacent wells at a speed of 14,000-1,600 Ohm/sec ., deepens ee) 50 the gap formed by the cumulative metal jet. o Wells drilled in the plane of the contour, with a slope in the direction opposite to the direction of the fall of the layers, cross all the layers in the plane of the contour, forming a kind of monolithic sections limited by adjacent wells and layers. During the interaction of simultaneously detonating charges, on the line of their placement, the impact on rock transitions between adjacent wells of cumulative metal jets and cumulative flows of 59 shock waves and jets of explosion products coincides and is summed up. In part, at a point located at an equal distance between the charges, the cumulative effect is doubled compared to the explosion of a single charge. As a result, a narrow gap 60-7 mm wide is formed between adjacent wells, the slope surface of which preserves more than 9095 traces of wells in the form of recesses equal to 3095 volumes of each well of the contour row along their entire length. In the direction perpendicular to the formed narrow gap, the destructive stresses are practically zero. Disturbances do not spread deep into the massif, and the contour surface of the formed narrow gap, which is much smoother, that is, more level, undisturbed by blasting, preserves and ensures the appropriate long-term stability of the slope of the ledge, while the volume of blasting and the specific consumption of explosives are reduced.

During the blasting of inclined wells of the contour line, the laboratory of blast control and mining seismics of the State Enterprise "NDRI" carried out instrumental measurements of the level of seismic waves during blasting operations. A decrease in the intensity of oscillations in the areas of industrial and civilian objects adjacent to the quarry on 14-1695 was established in comparison with similar indicators during mass explosions using known technology.

The technological parameters of the claimed method were empirically obtained by SE "NDRI" as a result of laboratory experiments on the influence of uniformly applied loads on the formation of cracks in layered rocks when using inclined wells of a contour row with specified technological parameters drilled in the direction opposite to the fall of the layers, as well as during modeling using microexplosions, contour detonation technologies in layered rocks of well charges with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed from the side of adjacent wells with a thin metal 7/0 lining.

The application of the proposed useful model will increase the quality of the contour surface of the slope of the escarpment, ensuring its long-term stability, reduce the volume of drilling work and the specific consumption of explosives, which will improve environmental protection, ensuring the preservation of industrial and civil facilities and increasing their service life. The technical result is achieved due to the possibility of 7/5 Concentrated and directed combined action of the energy of the explosion, which is formed in the form of a thin cumulative metal jet and a cumulative flow of shock waves, and jets of explosion products, between adjacent wells of the contour row in the direction of the intended contour along the entire plane of the contour surface slope of the ledge, by ensuring the possibility of forming along the entire plane of the contour surface of the slope of the ledge a narrow enough even contour gap simultaneously along the entire height of the slope of the ledge.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is the method of contour blasting in layered rocks, which includes drilling from the surface of the upper edge of the ledge, in the plane of the intended contour, in the direction opposite to the fall of the strata, a series of inclined parallel wells, placing in them charges of loose explosives and blasting, which is distinguished by the fact that - wells are drilled to the depth of the lower edge of the ledge, with the placement of solid explosive charges in them with lateral longitudinal cumulative notches along the entire length of the charge, formed in the extreme wells on the side of adjacent wells, and in adjacent wells on both sides relative to each o z of the adjacent wells wells with a thin metal lining of each cumulative recess, while the length of the explosive charge is no more than 0.80-0.85 of the depth of the well, the volume of the longitudinal cumulative d) recess of the outermost well of the row is equal to the volume of the cumulative recesses of the adjacent well and is not less than 8-12 956 of the volume of wells and along the length of the charge, and the distance between wells in a row in layered rocks is determined from the dependence: с . where . (' сч - Ж ны " V a, 1.45 1.505, y (IP (their - Owl, - distance between wells in a row in layered rocks, m; A, " - distance between wells in a row in monolithic rocks, m; From 730 ей s mon. (Angle of fall of layers to the vertical, degrees; ;» " В - angle of drilling wells to the vertical, degrees. name) name) (about) (ee) (42) 60 b5