UA123195C2 - ROOT TUBER CLEANER FROM IMPURITIES - Google Patents

Abstract

Root and potato cleaner from impurities belongs to agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of potato harvesters. This device differs from the already known in that the drive cleaning rollers form an inclined support sloping cleaning plane, from the lower part of which with a gap installed a cascade of several vertically arranged, with corresponding gaps to each other, drive elastic beaters of the same diameter having the same directions of rotational movements directed downwards, and their lengths are equal to the lengths of the coil springs, so that the frame in cross section forms a vertically located cleaning working channel of angular shape, the supporting slope cleaning plane is deflected from the vertical to an acute angle. horizontally and is on top of the cleaning channel, ie on the side of the upper end of the slope plane, on the side of the drive shafts of the coil springs, and the unloading conveyor is located at the bottom of the cleaning channel, ie installed to the end ends of the lower drive elastic beater and cantilever the end of the lower coil spring. The device for transportation and cleaning of root crops provides increased efficiency of cleaning of root crops from impurities.

Description

is located on top of the cleaning channel, that is, on the side of the upper end part of the sloping plane, on the side of the drive shafts of the spiral springs, and the unloading conveyor is located at the bottom of the cleaning channel, that is, it is installed to the end ends of the lower drive elastic beater and the cantilever end of the lower spiral spring.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops ensures an increase in the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

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The invention belongs to agricultural engineering, in particular, it relates to devices for cleaning and transporting root vegetables, which can be used in the cleaning systems of potato harvesters.

The design features of many root and tuber pile cleaners from soil impurities and plant residues consist in the fact that they include, as a rule, sequentially placed main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors , cleaning slides, lump crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (Petrov G.D. Potato harvesting machines. Calculation and design. -

Moscow: Mashinostroenieye, 1972. - 400 p.).

The nearest to the proposed invention is the cleaner of root and tuber piles from impurities implemented in the patent of Ukraine Mo 43907, 15.01.2002, Byul. Mo 1. The root tuber pile cleaner consists of three cleaning rollers, which are made in the form of cantilever spiral springs and installed on the main frame and connected to the drive in a rotational movement, while mutual overlapping and separating gaps are formed between the spirals, as well as the feeding and unloading conveyors, shields that prevent losses of root crops.

During the operation of this cleaner, a pile of root crops is fed to the surface of the cleaning rollers with the help of a feeding conveyor. At the same time, the spiral springs rotate, their cantilevered free ends perform oscillating movements under the action of a variable load, soil impurities and plant residues are immediately sifted through the separating gaps and coils of the spiral springs, and the root tuber bodies are transported by spirals in the direction of the unloading conveyor, which loads them into the hopper or into the vehicle.

The disadvantage of such a root tuber cleaner from impurities is the insufficient quality of soil separation and cleaning of root tuber bodies from impurities in the case of significant soil and plant impurities in the root tuber heap that is submitted for cleaning. This is due to the fact that spiral springs form a virtually flat cleaning surface with small depressions between adjacent spirals, and therefore it is possible to grind and disperse, first of all, a pile of root vegetables at a low loading speed. Themselves

The spiral springs (especially their ends) perform insufficient oscillations, because they are under the influence of a significant loading of a bunch of root vegetables, which is actually fed to cleaning at a constant speed. The location of the cleaning surface actually horizontally does not ensure the creation of sufficient effort to transport the root tuber bodies in the direction of the cantilever ends of the spiral springs, and accordingly, high quality cleaning of the root tuber bodies from soil impurities and plant residues.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in the cleaner of root and tuber fruits from impurities, which consists of several driven cleaning rollers, made in the form of cantilever spiral springs, installed in such a way that mutual overlap and separating gaps are formed between the spirals, as well as feeding and unloading conveyors, according to with the invention, the driven cleaning rollers form an inclined supporting inclined cleaning plane, on the side of the lower part of which a cascade of several vertically located, with corresponding gaps to each other, driven elastic beaters of the same diameter, which have the same directions of rotational movements, directed downwards, is installed with a gap , and their lengths are equal to the lengths of the spiral springs, in such a way that on the frame in the cross-section a vertically located cleaning working channel of an angular shape is formed, the support inclined cleaning plane of which is deviated from the vertical at an acute angle, while the feeding conveyor is installed horizontally but it is located on top of the cleaning channel, that is, on the side of the upper end part of the inclined plane, on the side of the drive shafts of the spiral springs, and the unloading conveyor is located at the bottom of the cleaning channel, that is, it is installed to the end ends of the lower drive elastic beater and the cantilever end of the lower spiral spring.

The structural scheme of the proposed cleaner for root and tuber crops from impurities is shown in fig. 1 (general top view). In Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1.

The root and tuber cleaner from impurities consists of a main frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, several (in this case four) drive cleaning rollers made in the form of cantilever spiral springs 3, mounted on an additional frame 4. Drive cleaning rollers in the form of cantilever spiral springs Z form it is an inclined supporting or sloping cleaning plane. The cleaning rollers, which are made in the form of spiral springs 3, are mutually located on the additional frame 4 in such a way that mutual overlapping and separating gaps are formed between the spiral springs C. Cantilever spiral springs 3, installed at one end on hubs 5, connected to drive shafts 6, which rotate in one direction, and their other ends are located freely.

Drive shafts 6 of spiral springs Z are provided with rotational movements by gear wheels 7 (including parasitic gears), which rotate thanks to the general flexible drive shaft 8. To the obliquely located support inclined cleaning plane formed by the drive cleaning rollers in the form of cantilever spiral springs Z from the lower side its part with a gap, a cascade of several vertically located, with corresponding gaps to each other, drive elastic beaters 9 is installed.

Drive elastic beaters 9 have the same diameters and have the same directions of rotational movements directed downwards. The lengths of the driving elastic beaters 9 are equal to the lengths of the cantilever spiral springs 3. Together, the support sloping cleaning plane formed by the driving cleaning rollers in the form of cantilever spiral springs З and the cascade of vertically installed drive elastic beaters В form on the additional frame 4 a vertically located cleaning working channel, which in the cross section has an angular shape.

Due to the fact that the cantilever spiral springs C and the drive elastic beaters 9 have the same dimensions, and also thanks to this location relative to each other, the working cleaning channel of such an asymmetric angular shape is formed (that is, one side of which, that is, the supporting inclined cleaning plane is deviated from the vertical by sharp corner a, the second side is formed by a cascade of beaters 9, located vertically, and the top is directed downwards). Elastic beaters 9 have drive shafts 10, which provide them with rotation with the same angular velocities in one downward direction. At the same time, the feeding conveyor 2 is installed horizontally, it is located on top of the cleaning channel, that is, on the side of the upper end part of the supporting inclined cleaning plane, on the side of the drive shafts of the spiral springs 3. The unloading conveyor 11 is located at the bottom of this cleaning channel, that is, it is installed to the end ends of the lower drive elastic biter 9 and the cantilever end of the lower spiral spring

C. To prevent the loss of roots and tubers around the cleaning working channel of an angular shape, created by cleaning rollers made in the form of spiral springs C and

With vertically arranged elastic beaters 9 (ie around the additional frame 4), flat rectangular protective screens 12 are fixed. The directions of rotational movements of the working bodies of the root tuber cleaner from impurities, as well as the movement of the root tuber flows, are shown by arrows.

The root and tuber cleaner from impurities works as follows:

A pile of roots and tubers is fed by the feeding conveyor 2 into the corner-shaped cleaning working channel. Due to the fact that the feeding conveyor 2 is located horizontally, the parts of the pile of root vegetables have a horizontal speed of movement and their larger part 1 is directed almost horizontally to a cascade of several vertically arranged, with corresponding gaps to each other, driven elastic beaters 9. This applies to the bodies of root vegetables, small soil impurities, plant residues, rhizomes, etc. The heaviest soil formations and stones can immediately fall (immediately fall down) on an inclined support sloping cleaning plane, formed by cleaning rollers made in the form of spiral springs 3, which are forced to rotate in one direction (that is, immediately fall under the influence of their own weight to the uppermost spiral spring 3). However, depending on the different weights of the parts of the pile of root vegetables and the linear horizontal speed provided to them by the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2, the parts of the pile, thanks to this mutual arrangement of the working elements of the cleaner, are immediately divided into separate parts. Thus, the lightest parts of the pile of roots and tubers are fed by the horizontally located feeding conveyor 2 and fall onto the uppermost driving elastic beaters 9 (that is, the elastic beaters 9 located in the upper part of the working cleaning channel), parts of the pile of medium weight are also fed to the driving elastic beaters 9, located in the middle part of the cascade, and finally, the heaviest parts of the pile fall on the lowermost driving elastic beaters 9 (that is, beaters 9 located at the very bottom of the working cleaning channel).

That is, right away, even when the working cleaning channel is loaded, there is an effective and actually not energy-consuming separation of the elements of the root and tuber pile into separate components. At the same time, the drive elastic beaters U, wherever they are in this vertical cascade, rotating thanks to their drive shafts 10, strike with their blades on parts of the pile of roots and tubers, further dispersing them and separating them more efficiently into individual components. A cascade of several vertically arranged, 60 with corresponding gaps to each other, drive elastic beaters 9, does not pass the bodies of root vegetables through itself, that is, through its vertical surface, due to the fact that the gaps between adjacent drive elastic beaters 9 take into account the size of the bodies of root vegetables, but are small soil impurities and plant remains are effectively carried out by them from the inner cavity of the working cleaning channel to the side outside the cleaner. In addition, the elastic blades of the drive beaters 9 inflict soft blows on the bodies of the roots and tubers themselves, after the feeding conveyor 2 throws them to the wall formed by the drive beaters 9 at the appropriate speed, knocking off the adhering soil from them, and push them downwards (due to the directions of rotation ) on the support sloped cleaning surface, i.e. the surface of the cleaning rollers in the form of spiral springs 3. Since the drive beaters 9 are elastic, this excludes damage to the bodies of root and tuber crops during impacts. A fundamentally important point is that the heavy parts of the root tuber pile mostly move inside the working cleaning channel in the direction of the cascade of driven elastic beaters 9 in free fall along curved trajectories. And this means that they reach the lower elastic beater 9 with the greatest acceleration of free fall. This significantly increases the force of contact interaction of such a part of a pile of roots and tubers with the elastic blade of the beater 9, which significantly increases the efficiency of grinding such parts, which, as a rule, are strong soil formations intertwined with rhizomes, or generally contain stones. The 9 parts of the pile of roots and tubers knocked off by the driven elastic beaters fall on an inclined supporting inclined cleaning plane, which is formed by the driven cleaning rollers in the form of cantilever spiral springs Z and is finally distributed over the surface of the cleaning rollers with a high degree of uniformity. It is here, on the inclined supporting sloping cleaning plane, that the main effective cleaning of root and tuber crops from impurities takes place.

The parts of the pile of root and tuber fruits are knocked off by the driven elastic beaters 9 on the supporting sloping cleaning plane, are pressed against this plane with a certain force (under the action of only a part of their own weight, since the supporting sloping plane has an inclination) are guaranteed to be captured by the coils of the spiral springs C and are transported by them not only in the radial, but also and in axial directions, that is, in two directions at once. An important point is that the feeding conveyor 2 (of a sufficiently small width) is located on top of the cleaning channel, i.e. on the side of the upper end part of the supporting sloping cleaning plane, on the side of the drive shafts 6

From the spiral springs 3, therefore, the majority of parts of the pile of root crops (soil formations with the bodies of root crops, intertwined with the rhizomes of sedge and other plants) will initially be located in the zone of the least deformed parts of the spiral springs 3. And then there is a guaranteed capture of the parts of the pile by turns of the spiral springs З and у as these parts move in the axial direction by the spiral springs Z, the cantilever ends of the spiral springs 3 begin to oscillate, where the bodies of the root vegetables accumulate in the vast majority. The indicated oscillations of the cantilevered ends of the spiral springs Z will contribute to the effective sifting of the bodies of root vegetables and their high-quality cleaning from the stuck pound. Due to the rotational movements of the cleaning rollers in the form of spiral springs 3, which are provided due to the fact that one of their ends is installed on hubs 5, connected to drive shafts 6, which rotate in one direction, and gear wheels 7 (including spur gears) , which rotate thanks to the common flexible drive shaft 8, as well as the oscillating movements of their cantilever ends under the action of variable load, the main cleaning of the bodies of root crops from soil impurities and plant residues and the removal of impurities from the working cleaning channel through turns and gaps between spiral springs 3. Since the cleaning rollers, which are made in the form of spiral springs 3, are mutually located on the additional frame 4 in such a way that mutual overlapping and separating gaps are formed between the springs Z themselves, then there is a guaranteed self-cleaning of the spiral springs Z from adhering soil, which in general also improves the quality cleaning root vegetables from impurities. However, if root tuber bodies are released directly from the heap in the upper part of the supporting sloped cleaning plane (that is, in the upper part of the cleaning working channel of an angular shape), then they immediately roll down (carry out an independent rotational movement in the downward direction) under the action of gravity, due to the fact that the support sloping cleaning plane is deviated from the vertical at an angle a and the bodies of the root vegetables themselves, since they have the overwhelming majority of round shapes capable of this. At the same time, the specified downward rolling of the bodies of root and tuber crops can effectively occur both on the surfaces of the spiral springs themselves (in their radial direction), as well as on the layer of soil that will be on them, or on the same layer consisting of parts of the pile. The dimensions of the corner " should be chosen based on the fact that the movement of the parts of the pile of roots and tubers downwards along this cleaning plane should be somewhat slow, which will enable the cleaning rollers in the form of spiral springs З to effectively capture small soil impurities and plant residues with their coils and remove them to in the lateral direction outside the cleaner. At the same time, the spiral springs C must be guaranteed to perform the function of transporting the bodies of root vegetables in the axial direction, that is, in the direction of their cantilever ends. And, finally, under the action of a variable load, the free (cantilever) ends of the spiral springs Z must perform oscillating movements, which makes it possible to significantly activate the process of capturing and removing impurities through these cantilever ends and to better clean the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops from adhering soil.

Since the unloading conveyor 11 is located below and on the side of the cleaning working channel, which in cross section has an angular shape, that is, it is installed to the end ends of the lower elastic beater 9 and the cantilever end of the lower spiral spring 3, it is through the end ends of the indicated blocks of the working organs of this cleaner that the final cleaning the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities. And it is here that the maximum narrowing of the working cleaning channel as a whole occurs and it is here that all impurities pass downward (under the influence of their own weight) along the entire width of the cleaning working channel (along the entire length of the lower spiral spring C and the lower drive elastic beater 9) and fall down beyond the limits cleaner

The root tuber bodies here do not pass vertically down, due to the fact that the gap between the lowermost elastic biter 9 and the lowermost spiral spring Z is such that takes into account the average size of the root tuber bodies and does not allow loss of the root tuber bodies. And the root tuber bodies are discharged from the working cleaning channel in a completely different, perpendicular direction. And therefore, the coils of the lowermost spiral spring Z capture only the bodies of root vegetables and only transport them in the lateral direction. Soil impurities and plant residues are actually not transported in the lateral direction by turns of the lower spiral Z. And therefore, finally, for the bodies of root and tuber crops and the flow of impurities in this cleaner, at the final stage of cleaning, the working bodies, as well as their mutual location, create conditions for movement in different directions. After complete cleaning of the root tuber bodies, they finally fall on the unloading conveyor 11 and are loaded into a bunker or a vehicle. To prevent losses of root crops in other lateral directions, protective screens 12 are used, which actually surround the additional frame 4 on all sides. Thus, such an asymmetric shape of the angular-shaped cleaning working channel, one of the sides of which, namely the support inclined cleaning plane, is deviated from the vertical by an acute angle sa, the other side

Zo has a vertical direction, which allows you to significantly activate the process of cleaning the bodies of root and tuber fruits from impurities. At the same time, two fundamentally new and different processes of interaction of parts of a pile of roots and tubers with various working bodies are combined inside the specified cleaning channel. Thus, at the first stage of cleaning, parts of the pile are thrown into different places of the cascade of vertically arranged drive elastic beaters 9. That is, even when the cleaning working channel is loaded, the pile of pile is dispersed into separate components. For the heaviest parts of the pile, conditions are created for their free flight along a curved trajectory, for a longer period of time, and, accordingly, with the greatest acceleration at the end of the flight. When interacting with the lower elastic beater 9, that is, when their blades hit, such movement and reflection will contribute to the effective destruction of these heavy parts of the root tuber pile. Beating with elastic beater blades 9 parts of the pile in the reverse direction, i.e. on the supporting sloping cleaning plane, which is deviated from the vertical at an acute angle " completes the complete cleaning of the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities, thanks to a new operation - the movement of parts of the pile in the axial direction of spiral springs Z and simultaneous free rolling down of root tuber bodies under the influence of their own weight. And, at the end, a new operation for unloading the working cleaning channel at the bottom contributes to the separation of the translational movement of the bodies of root and tuber crops in a perpendicular direction and impurities vertically downwards. At the same time, the active removal of impurities from the bodies of root and tuber crops in this working cleaning channel occurs simultaneously in three directions - two lateral and the bottom.

Such a combination of the working bodies of the cleaner and precisely such their mutual arrangement and giving the components of the pile fundamentally different in terms of physical characteristics of cleaning efforts (giving the parts of the pile free flight along different trajectories, capture by elastic blades with a vertical cascade of beaters 9, elastic impacts, repulsion in the reverse direction, forced capture coils of spiral springs on the support cleaning plane, free rolling on the support plane and free fall downwards under the action of its own weight) allows to significantly improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

The use of the proposed cleaner of root vegetables from impurities will improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities. (510)

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A cleaner of root and tuber crops from impurities, which consists of several driven cleaning rollers, made in the form of cantilever spiral springs, installed in such a way that mutual overlapping and separating gaps are formed between the spirals, as well as feeding and unloading conveyors, which is characterized by the fact that the driven the cleaning rollers form an inclined support inclined cleaning plane, on the side of the lower part of which a cascade of several vertically arranged, with corresponding gaps to each other, drive elastic beaters of the same diameter, which have the same directions of rotational movements, directed downwards, and their lengths are equal to the lengths of the spiral springs, in such a way that on the frame in the cross-section a vertically located cleaning working channel of an angular shape is formed, the support inclined cleaning plane of which is deviated from the vertical at an acute angle, while the feeding conveyor is installed horizontally and is located with the top of the cleaning channel, that is, on the side of the upper end part of the sloping plane, from the side of the drive shafts of the spiral springs, and the unloading conveyor is located at the bottom of the cleaning channel, that is, it is installed to the end ends of the lower drive elastic beater and the cantilever end of the lower spiral spring. OEM" x nvaesnnnny still z z ke Ku certain nenyh NI li o , ory GE hi 6 A PE u sto YAZ gu y - Y y vo I Y Id y vk AKA OBU, A Kn She NN LA V Mu OEM i A VAYIMIMA pt ve LADA LIVO tA Print) ЧК и І І IM Z aus sia fik. 1 VILA yuyu 10 shil i, s u i kh shchi da, I SO a i MA Se ri pla vi am um Fig. 2