UA119473U - METHOD OF GROWING SUNFLOWER - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of growing sunflower includes foliage and early spring tillage, sowing, plant care. Sunflower sowing is carried out simultaneously with winter forage with a seeding rate of 400 thousand pieces. seeds per ha, without the use of herbicides on sunflower stairs and row treatments.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of growing sunflowers.

In the conditions of oversaturation of crop rotation with sunflower, which is observed today in Ukraine, when about two million hectares of this crop are sown annually, the question of reducing the negative impact of sunflower on the soil arises. It is known that after growing sunflowers, the soil becomes depleted of nutrients, moisture reserves in the soil decrease, its microbiological condition deteriorates, and infection with specific diseases increases.

There is a well-known method of cultivation, according to which sunflower is sown in a mixture with winter vetch

Ievdokimov V.M., Yershova V.A., Kirakosyan O.V., Lysenko F.T. Winter hardiness and productivity of winter vetch variety Siverska 2. Sat. New in the technologies of growing fodder crops, potatoes and vegetables in the North-West of Russia. S.-Peterburg. 1993. P. 11-18) provides for the use of a mixture for silage, with inter-row cultivation of the soil from weeds. But the known method does not reduce the negative impact of sunflower on the soil.

In the spring, the work begins with closing the moisture with heavy harrows, harrows diagonally to the tillage. If the frost is not leveled, the first cultivation should be carried out simultaneously with the preparation of the soil for early spring crops to a depth of 10-12 cm, and the second - after the mass germination of weeds before sowing sunflowers with cultivators equipped with arrow feet, to a depth of 6-8 cm. BZSS-1.0 harrows are attached to the cultivator for leveling and crumbling the soil. On leveled fields, you can limit yourself to one pre-sowing cultivation of 6-8 cm, sunflower is sown with a seed drill with the number of 5-6 seeds. per meter to a depth of 6-8 cm, which is generally known in the technology of sunflower cultivation | Hkalych I.D. The flower of the sun (fundamentals of sunflower biology and agrotechnics): monograph / I.D. Tkalych, Yu.I. Tkalich, S.G. R'Ichyk //sub. ed. Dr. S.-kh. Sciences, Prof. I.D. Weaver - Dnipropetrovsk, 2011. - 172 si.

The useful model is based on the task of improving the method of growing sunflowers by simultaneously sowing sunflowers with winter vetch with a seeding rate of 400,000 pieces. seeds per hectare, herbicides are not used on sunflower seedlings, inter-row cultivation is not carried out.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of growing sunflowers includes spring and early spring tillage, sowing, and plant care. Sunflower sowing is carried out

At the same time as winter vetch with a sowing rate of 400,000 pcs. seeds per hectare, without the use of herbicides on sunflower seedlings and inter-row processing.

Winter vetch, sown in spring, does not form seeds, therefore, in sunflower crops, it increases the supply of soil with compounds of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, improves the microbiological condition of the soil and suppresses the development of diseases, especially lupus.

Winter vetch plants contribute to lowering the temperature of the upper soil layer due to shading. Before the ripening of sunflower baskets, winter vetch ends its growing season and further protects the soil as a mulch from moisture evaporation. During the harvest period, the reserves of productive moisture are higher, the supply of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increases, which is a positive factor for the subsequent crop rotation.

The proposed useful model has new (excellent) features: sunflower sowing is carried out simultaneously with winter vetch with a sowing rate of 400,000 seeds. seeds per hectare; herbicides are not used on sunflower seeds; inter-row processing is not carried out.

New (distinctive) features when interacting with known features ensure the discovery of new technical properties of a useful model.

Namely, reducing the negative impact of sunflower on the soil. Growing sunflowers in a binary crop with winter vetch, which in the process of growth accumulates biological nitrogen, which remains in the soil, since when winter vetch is sown in the spring, it does not form grain. The vegetative mass of the latter is a good mulch, which helps to preserve moisture in the soil.

The use of the proposed useful model provides a reduction in the negative impact of sunflower on soil fertility, a reduction in weediness, and a significant reduction in the development of disease (downy mildew).

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of growing sunflowers, which includes tillage and early spring tillage, sowing, plant care, which is distinguished by the fact that the sowing of sunflowers is carried out simultaneously with winter vetch with a seeding rate of 400,000 pieces. seeds per hectare, without the use of herbicides 60 steps of sunflower and inter-row processing.