UA119017U - AERODYNAMIC SEPARATOR "GARDEN" WITH ADDITIONAL CLEANING OF GRAIN MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The separator, with additional purification of the grain material by means of a rod device, contains a hopper with a vibrating tray, a cascade generator of air jets, pneumatically connected to a source of supply of air under pressure, and a separation chamber under which collections of fractions are located. The bar device is made in the form of a comb whose rods have different lengths or stiffness, have a finite upward bend, mounted cantileverly at the beginning of the vibrating roller between it and the exit of the hopper, and equipped with a large impurity collector made in the form of a single or double-ended vibrating channel at its free ends. connected to the collection of the first fraction.

Description

The useful model belongs to devices for air separation of loose materials and can be used, mainly, in agriculture for cleaning and sorting seeds of cereal, grass and other crops at selection stations, in farms, in flour milling and compound feed production, as well as in in other sectors of the national economy to separate contaminated bulk materials into separate fractions.

From the state of the art, an aerodynamic separator for separating loose materials is known, which contains a hopper with a vibrating roller, an air jet cascade generator installed below it, pneumatically connected to a source of air supply under pressure, and a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located (see the patent of the Russian of the Federation Mo 2403096 from the classes of the IPC ВО7В 4/02, ВО7В 11/00 published on 10.1.1.2010).

The main significant disadvantage of the known separator is that in the process of separating the bulk mixture, it is impossible to remove large impurities of plant origin from it, in particular fragments of spikelets, root systems, stalks, straw, leaves, etc. The specified impurities have a fairly large aerodynamic resistance (sailability). Therefore, even with a large weight, sometimes exceeding the mass of grains several times, they (impurities), instead of falling into the first collection of fractions, intended for heavy and large impurities, are picked up by the air flow, move through the air jets along the separation chamber and fall into the fraction collectors intended for already separated material. That is, when separating grain material, the known separator does not provide its preliminary cleaning, and therefore does not have the technological possibility of obtaining the separated material of the required quality.

The main significant drawback of the known separator is the imperfection of its design. This is due to the fact that the design of the separator lacks a node capable of preliminarily removing from the loose material large impurities contained in it, especially those of vegetable origin.

The closest analogue of the claimed device is an aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material, which contains a hopper with a vibrating roller, a generator of a cascade of air jets installed below it, pneumatically connected to a source of air supply under pressure, and a separation chamber under which fraction collectors are located, as well as inside the separation chamber, above the fraction collectors, there is a device for cleaning grain material, made in the form of a two-slope prefabricated bar grid, the cantilever ends of the branches

The working bodies of which rest freely on the supporting rotary shafts with brushes located in the gaps between the adjacent branches of the working bodies, and each branch is a rectilinear rod with a hook at one end, with the help of which the branch is put on the central axis of the gable lattice, as well as the distance between branches in the set of the working body can be changed with the help of washers. The angle of inclination of the branches of the working bodies can be changed by vertical movement of the central axis of the grid or horizontal movement of the rotary shafts in different directions, see patent of Ukraine No. 87489 from IPC classes VO7B 4/02, AO1E 12/44 published on February 10, 2014 in Byul. Mo 31.

The main drawback of the known aerodynamic separator is a gradual decrease in productivity during operation due to the imperfection of its design. The presence of this deficiency is explained as follows. The grate for cleaning grain material from impurities is in a static state, which contributes to the contamination of the interbar space with impurities commensurate with it and the so-called "riders" (broken straw, M-shaped fragments of spikelets, etc.), which gradually reduces the throughput of the grate, and therefore performance of the separator as a whole. In addition, since the perimeter of the grating is rigid, the probability of grain jamming between the bars remains quite high, and the cleaners are located only at the end of the grating, therefore, they are able to clean no more than 5 95 of the working area of the grating, which further reduces the performance of the separator, and also forces periodically stop its work for preventive cleaning of the grid.

The useful model is based on the task of improving the quality of grain material separation by removing large impurities from it even before the bulk mixture enters the zone of aerodynamic action by using a comb of a modified design instead of a grid and changing the spatial orientation of the comb, as well as transferring its operation from a static state to dynamic.

The task is solved by the fact that in an aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material using a rod device containing a hopper with a vibrating tray, a generator of a cascade of air jets installed below it, pneumatically connected to a source of air supply under pressure, and a separation chamber under which fraction collectors are located, according to a useful model, the rod device is made in the form of a comb, the rods of which have different lengths or stiffness, have a final bend upwards, 60 are installed cantilevered at the beginning of the vibrating roller between it and the exit from the hopper, and equipped near the free ends with a collector of large impurities , made in the form of a one- or two-slope vibration channel, connected to the collector of the first fraction.

Thanks to the use of a comb (node with an open (free) contour) in combination with different lengths or stiffness of bars, instead of a grid (node with a rigid contour), there is a technical possibility to reduce the stiffness of the bars (cantilever beams) and to give, both to individual groups of bars, and each of them has an autonomous individual oscillatory motion, independent of the amplitude and frequency of oscillation of other rods. With such a variable oscillation of each rod of the comb, the possibility of jamming particles of grain material being separated between them is completely excluded, which allows to ensure a stable throughput capacity of the comb during the entire time of operation of the aerodynamic separator, i.e. to ensure the continuity of the process of separating the mixture of grain material with the same productivity of obtaining the finished final product regardless of the duration of operation of the aerodynamic separator.

Due to the placement of the comb over the vibrating roller and its fastening to it, it is technically possible to transfer it (the comb) from a static passive state to an active dynamic state, giving it an oscillating motion. This will help to improve the quality of separation of impassable large impurities from the mixture of grain material and to increase the throughput of the comb due to more complete use of its working area due to a more uniform distribution of grain material over it. At the same time, the vibration of the comb in this case is provided by the vibrating tray itself, that is, without an additional drive.

Due to the fact that the comb is installed above the entrance to the separation chamber and is located directly above the vibrating roller, it does not prevent the gravitational fall of grain material into the separation chamber, that is, the flow of grain material cleaned of impurities remains stable and enters the zone of aerodynamic action from the vibrating roller. In addition, due to the removal of the comb outside the separation chamber, the possibility of the influence of this cleaning unit on the aerodynamic properties of the cascade of air jets and the formation of turbulence zones is eliminated, which contributes to the constant, stabilized and high-quality separation of grain material into separate fractions.

Due to the presence of final upward bends of the ends of the comb bars, the particles of grain material that "slipped" to the cantilever edge of the comb are slowed down, and therefore it is possible

From their entry into the first collection of fractions together with large impurities, which, as a result, allows the process of separation of grain material without loss of quality grains.

Due to the fact that near the free cantilever ends of the comb rods there is a collector of large impurities, made in the form of a single- or double-sloped channel, the process of directing the selected large impurities takes place even before entering the separation chamber.

Due to the fact that the collector of large impurities is made in the form of a one- or two-slope channel, the process of removal of large impurities occurs automatically (freely sliding along the slope), without using an additional drive for this.

It is clear that the removal of large impurities can be carried out not only in the collector of the first fractions, but also in a separate hopper-accumulator of impurities, if necessary.

Thus, the totality of all the above-described essential features characterizing the claimed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material, obtained due to the introduced structural changes and the change in the location of the cleaning device in combination with its transfer from a static state to a dynamic one, as well as equipping a device for removing large impurities before separation chamber, allows you to achieve the desired technical result, which is expressed in stabilization, increased productivity and quality of separation of grain material without any loss of grain.

The further essence of the proposed useful model is explained by the drawings, which show the following: fig. 1 - side view of the proposed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material, longitudinal section; fig. 2 - node of additional cleaning of grain material, plan view; fig. C - cross section of the proposed aerodynamic separator.

The proposed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material contains a hopper 1 for loading grain material to be separated with a vibrating roller 2, a generator 3 of a cascade of air jets installed under them, which is connected to a source 4 of supplying air under pressure to the generator 3, and a separation chamber 5. Under the separation chamber 5 there are collections of fractions 6 (I, II, SH, IM, M, MI, MII, MP, IX).

At the beginning of the vibrating roller 2, between it and the exit from the hopper 1, a comb 7 is installed, the cantilever free bars 8 of which have different lengths or stiffness, and also have a final bend 9 upwards.

Under the free cantilever ends of the rods 8 of the comb 7, there is a collector of large impurities, made in the form of a two-slope channel 10, which connects with the collector of the first fraction 6 (I). Depending on the specific operating conditions, dimensions and performance of the aerodynamic separator, channel 10 can be made single-pitched, and it can also be directed to a separate hopper-accumulator of large impurities (this version of the separator is not shown for clarity).

The principle of operation of the proposed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material is as follows.

The grain material to be separated is loaded into the hopper 1 of the aerodynamic separator, from where it enters the comb 7. Due to the fact that the comb 7 is located above the vibrating tray 2 and is rigidly connected to it, the latter, oscillating itself, brings the comb 7 also into the oscillating movement. At the same time, due to the fact that the rods 8 of the comb 7 are fixed cantilever (open circuit), and also have different lengths or stiffness, each of them oscillates autonomously with its individual amplitude and frequency of oscillations. The grain material, passing through the oscillating comb 7, is stratified, and its particles (grains), with the exception of large impurities, fall on the vibrating roller 2 and are fed from there by gravity into the separation chamber 5. Large impurities remain on the rods 8 of the comb 7 and thanks to its inclination (in accordance with the inclination of the vibrating roller 2) move to the cantilever edge of the comb 7, from where they enter the two-slope channel 10, through which they independently (slope) fall into the collector of the first fraction b (I) or into a separate hopper-accumulator (not shown) along the corresponding guides channels 11.

The grain material that entered the separation chamber 5, under the action of the cascade of air jets coming out of the generator 3, is divided into separate fractions by air flows, which fall into the corresponding fraction collectors 6 (II, PI, IM, M, MI, MIII , MP, IX).

Thus, the continuous cleaning of grain material proposed in this separator without reducing the performance of the aerodynamic separator leads to a qualitatively new technical result, in comparison with known analogues, which is expressed in the complete preliminary cleaning of grain material from large impurities on the way to the separation chamber, because there are completely no obstacles to destabilize the action of the cascade of air jets on the bulk mixture, and this result is achieved without increasing the overall dimensions of the separator and additional energy sources.

The essential difference between the proposed aerodynamic separator with additional cleaning of grain material and previously known similar separators is the creation of favorable special conditions for simultaneous cleaning and separation of the grain mixture from one technical position. These differences, in aggregate, are provided by the vibration of the comb with various rods, its rigid combination with the vibrating roller, the location of the comb even before entering the separation chamber, and the equipping of the cantilever section of the comb with a one- or two-slope channel for removing large impurities outside the separation chamber, which allows to obtain high quality end product without any loss. None of the known aerodynamic separators can simultaneously have all the listed properties, since they include bulky cleaners that are installed above the hopper (for example, see patents OA79394,

OA79394), which leads to an excessive increase in the dimensions of the separators, or the rod cleaners are located directly in the separation chamber, thereby disrupting the process of aerodynamic influence on the grain mixture, as they create an obstacle for the flow of air flows with the specified parameters (for example, see patents HO2401704, 501176976) , or do not provide cleaning of bulk mixtures at all due to the lack of devices for cleaning as such in their composition, which allows them to be considered incapable of ensuring the production of the final product of the required quality in accordance with the requirements of the technical conditions.

The proposed separator has been tested in practice and implemented in the designs of the nomenclature range of aerodynamic separators of the SAD series (Aerodynamic Separator), manufactured by Aeromech NVF LLC.

The technical advantages of the proposed separator, in comparison with the nearest analogue, include the following: - improvement of the quality of the separation process due to the prevention of large impurities entering the separation chamber; - the continuity of the cleaning and separation process due to providing individual elements (rods) of the cleaning unit (comb) with personal oscillating movements to exclude the possibility of their jamming the grains of the grain material being cleaned; - the possibility of giving the comb oscillating motion without additional costs due to the fact that it is rigidly connected to the vibrating tray; - the possibility of giving the rods of the comb autonomous oscillating movements due to the fact that they have different lengths or stiffness;

- the stability of the throughput capacity of the comb due to the exclusion of jamming of grains of grain material between its bars; - increasing the throughput capacity of the comb due to the distribution under the influence of vibration of grain material over its entire surface; - stabilization of the action of the cascade of air jets on the grain material due to the removal of the comb outside the separation chamber; - no loss of grain material due to the presence of final upward bends on the comb bars, which ensure braking of material grains that "slipped" to the cantilever end of the comb; - the possibility of automatic removal of large impurities even before entering the separation chamber due to the presence of a one- or two-slope channel connected to the first collection of fractions.

The economic effect of the introduction of the proposed separator, in comparison with the use of the closest analogue, is obtained by increasing the quality of the finished product, increasing its output due to the absence of losses, reducing the cost of cleaning grain material and the cost of the aerodynamic separator.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA Separator with additional cleaning of grain material using a rod device, containing a hopper with a vibrating tray, an air jet cascade generator installed below it, pneumatically connected to a source of air supply under pressure, and a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, which differs in that the bar device is made in the form of a comb, the bars of which have different lengths or stiffness, have a terminal bend upwards, are installed cantilevered at the beginning of the vibrating roller between it and the exit from the hopper, and are equipped near the free ends with a collector of large impurities, made in the form of a single or a two-slope vibration channel connected to the collector of the first fraction. rn vo - ik kt BU is o dr rya re nya for kt tyah; And I am -i: Pe and ZSh! ro x Shi (y : zhi y Ka tu BI I sh- NE ! zh we: ni YN z Mi p st ZI yi E write shk ny en re i yi zi z Y y C kash shi nyny NI y z p p p ky ey ts ee nyn ssh ssh mm m y Kan Vsh -h i Uk, Uyah -k Man ek inii Y N Ye s i kish chne 1