^440913 五、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係與電池管理系統(Battery Management System, BMS)有關，特別是一種能夠耐受高電流的電池管理系統。 【先前技術】 隨著環保意識枱頭，且石油價格節節上升階段，各式關於 動力系統的節能商品紛紛被開發出來，例如：油電混合車、電 動車、電動摩托車及電動自行車等。然而，這類的動力系統通 常需要高容量的電池與發電機之間的良好搭配，才能發揮出較 佳地效能，因此，電池管理系統(BMS)開始有許多廠商投入開 發’例如，台灣第494071及523947號等專利。 其中，第494071號專利係揭露一種電動車輛複合型電池， 其包括至少一第一電池組、至少一第二電池組及一電力切換模 組，該第一電池組具有高能量比，該第二電池組具有高動力 比，该電力切換模組係用以偵測該第一及第二電池組之端電壓 及輸出電流。當該電動車輛行驶於平坦路面時，由該第一電池 組輸出電能；當該電動車輛行驶於上坡或起步狀態時，則由該 第二電池組輸出電能，以應付瞬間較大扭力輸出。然而，該專 矛要藉由兩組電池組搭配，才能在電能不足時提供補償。 【新型内容】 本創作之主要目的在於提供—種動力系_電能管理裝 △置’其可藉由該電能管理裝置的電能管理，來達到補償不足電 月b之目的’並改善先前技術所述第494071號專利需要兩組電 3 M440913 池之缺點。此外，本創作之電能管理裝置係能防止電池組被過 度充電，以延長該電池組的使用壽命。 本創作之次一目的在於提供一種動力系統的電能管理裝 置，其藉由設置電驛來達到耐受瞬間的高電流，並改善電驛耗 能的缺點。 緣是，為了達成前述目的，依據本創作提供之一種動力系 統的電能管理裝置。該動力系統包括至少―電池組、一發電機 及至少一負載。該發電機用以產生電能。該電池組係儲存有電 能，且用以接收該發電機所產生的電能。該負載係用以接收該鲁 電池組及該發電機供應的電能。該電能管理裝置包括一控制電 路及一電驛。該控制電路係連接該電池組及該發電機。該電驛 係連接該控制電路，且具有一開關。其中，該控制電路係用以 控制該開關切換於一充電位置及一過充保護位置的其中一 者。當该開關處在該充電位置時，該發電機產生的電能係對該 電池組充電，且該電池組能對該負載放電。當該開關處在該過 充保護位置時，該發電機係無法對該電池組充電，且該電池組 能對該負載放電。 馨 【實施方式】 為了詳細說明本創作之技術特點所在，茲舉以下之一較佳 實知例並配合圖式說明如后，其中： 如第一及二圖所不，第一及二圖係繪示本創作的一較佳實 施例的-動力祕的魏管理裝置。軸力系統通常是汽車' 機車、船舶及機器人等需要電池的動力系統，於此實施例中係 以一汽車為例來作說明。 4 M440913 該汽車包括一發電機卜至少一電池組2及多種負載3。 該發電機1用以產生電能，更詳而言之，該發電機！係在汽車 被啟動後才開始產生電能。該電池組2係儲存有電能，且用以 接收該發電機1所產生的電能，該電池組2較佳係選用缝、 鋰錳、鋰鎳鈷錳、磷酸鐵鋰及鋰系材料之電池。該些負載3通 常是啟動馬達、車燈、冷氣、風扇、防盜器、行車電腦、點菸 器、廣播裝置及多媒體播放裝置等需要電力的裝置。 φ 該電能管理裝置4包括一控制電路40及一電驛42。該控 制電路40係連接該電池組2及該發電機1。該電驛42係連接 該控制電路40，且具有一開關420。其中，該控制電路4〇係 用以控制該開關420切換於一充電位置pi及一過充保護位置 P2的其中一者。當該開關420處在該充電位置ρι時，該發電 機1產生的電月b係對该電池組2充電’且該電池組2能對該負 載3放電，表不，该發電機1能错由該控制電路傳送電能 至該電池組2，以對該電池組2充電，而該電池組2也可以對 # 負載放電。當該開關420處在該過充保護位置p2時，該發電 機1係無法對該電池組2充電，且該電池組2能對該負載3放 電，以避免該電池組2被過度充電而損壞。 該控制電路40具有一電壓感應器400,係用以感測該電池 組2的電壓。較佳地，該電驛42係選用電磁電驛，且具有一 電磁元件421。若該電壓感應器400判斷該電池組2的電壓高 於一預設電壓時，該電壓感應器400傳遞電能至該電磁元件 421，以使該電磁元件421產生磁場，而驅使該開關42〇位在 該過充保護位置P2。若該電壓感應器400判斷該電池組2的 5 M440913 電壓低於該預設電壓，該電壓感應器400不傳遞電能至該電磁 元件421，以使該開關420位在該充電位置pi。於此實施例中， 該電池組2的預設電壓係設為13·2伏特。當該電池組2被充 電至14.2伏特時’該電壓感應器400就會判斷該電池組2以 經過充’而驅使該電磁元件421產生磁場，及將該開關420切 換在該過充保護位置Ρ2上。當該電池組2被消耗電能至低於 該預設電壓（即13.2伏特）時’該電壓感應器4〇〇停止輸送電能 至該電磁元件421 ’以使該開關420被切換在該充電位置pi。 如第二及三圖所示，第三圖係繪示該電壓感應器的電路· 圖。該電壓感應器400具有一比較器401、一電壓調整器402、 一齊納(zener)二極體403及一電子開關404。於此實施例中， 該比較器401選用型號4011B的積體電路，該比較器401具有 至少一反及閘’該反及閘的運作原理於此不再贅述。該電壓調 節器402係連接該電池組2的正極B+、該反及閘的輸入端及 接地端’且選用型號78L10的元件，以輸出穩定的1〇伏特電 ®。該齊納二極體403係連接該電池組2的正極B+及該反及鲁 間的輸入端2。該電子開關404係連接該反及閘的輸出端、該 電池組2的正極B+及該電磁元件421，且在該電子開關404被 導通時傳輸電能至該電磁元件421，該電子開關404可以選用 電晶體、功率晶體等電子式開關。其中，在該電壓感應器400 列斷該電池組2的電壓高於該預設電壓時，即該電池組2被過 充’表示，該電壓調整器402及該齊納二極體403係分別輸出 向準位彳5说(1)至該反及閘，以使該反及閘依據該兩高準位信 說(1)輸出高準位信號(1)，使該電子開關404導通，如此，該 M440913 反及閘就會輸出10伏特電壓至該電子開關404,以使該電子開 關404被導通，及透過該電子開關404將電能傳遞至該電磁: 件421。相同地，若該齊納二極體403還沒被導通時，表示， 該電池組2沒有被過充，這樣，該比較器4〇1的反及閘就會輪 出低準位信號(0)，也就是〇伏特。^440913 V. New Description: [New Technology Field] This creation is related to the Battery Management System (BMS), especially a battery management system that can withstand high current. [Prior Art] With the environmental awareness desk and the rising price of oil, various energy-saving products related to power systems have been developed, such as hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, electric motorcycles and electric bicycles. However, such power systems usually require a good combination of high-capacity batteries and generators in order to achieve better performance. Therefore, battery management systems (BMS) have begun to be developed by many manufacturers'. For example, Taiwan 494071 And 523947 and other patents. No. 494,071 discloses an electric vehicle composite battery including at least a first battery pack, at least one second battery pack, and a power switching module, the first battery pack having a high energy ratio, the second The battery pack has a high power ratio, and the power switching module is configured to detect the terminal voltage and the output current of the first and second battery packs. When the electric vehicle runs on a flat road surface, electric energy is output by the first battery pack; when the electric vehicle travels in an uphill or starting state, electric energy is output from the second battery pack to cope with an instantaneous large torque output. However, the spear must be matched by two sets of battery packs to provide compensation when the power is insufficient. [New content] The main purpose of this creation is to provide a kind of power system _ power management device △ set, which can be used to compensate for the lack of electricity b by the power management of the power management device' and improve the prior art Patent No. 494071 requires the disadvantages of two sets of electrical 3 M440913 cells. In addition, the power management device of the present invention prevents the battery pack from being overcharged to extend the life of the battery pack. The second objective of the present invention is to provide a power management device for a power system that achieves a high current that withstands an instant by setting an electric cymbal and improves the disadvantages of power consumption. The reason is that, in order to achieve the foregoing object, a power management device of a power system provided by the present invention is provided. The power system includes at least a battery pack, a generator, and at least one load. The generator is used to generate electrical energy. The battery pack stores electrical energy and is used to receive electrical energy generated by the generator. The load is for receiving the Lu battery pack and the electrical energy supplied by the generator. The power management device includes a control circuit and an electric power unit. The control circuit is connected to the battery pack and the generator. The electrical system is connected to the control circuit and has a switch. The control circuit is configured to control the switch to switch to one of a charging position and an overcharge protection position. When the switch is in the charging position, the electrical energy generated by the generator charges the battery pack and the battery pack can discharge the load. When the switch is in the overcharge protection position, the generator cannot charge the battery pack and the battery pack can discharge the load.馨 [Embodiment] In order to explain in detail the technical features of the creation, one of the following examples will be described and the following description will be given with reference to the following: Where: First and second diagrams, the first and second diagrams A dynamic management device of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The axial force system is usually a power system that requires a battery, such as a locomotive, a ship, a robot, and the like. In this embodiment, a car is taken as an example for illustration. 4 M440913 The car includes a generator, at least one battery pack 2 and a plurality of loads 3. The generator 1 is used to generate electrical energy, more specifically, the generator! It is only after the car is started that it starts to generate electricity. The battery pack 2 stores electric energy and is used for receiving electric energy generated by the generator 1. The battery pack 2 is preferably a battery of slit, lithium manganese, lithium nickel cobalt manganese, lithium iron phosphate and lithium material. These loads 3 are typically devices that require power, such as starter motors, lights, air conditioners, fans, immobilizers, driving computers, cigarette lighters, broadcast devices, and multimedia playback devices. φ The power management device 4 includes a control circuit 40 and an electric circuit 42. The control circuit 40 is connected to the battery pack 2 and the generator 1. The power unit 42 is coupled to the control circuit 40 and has a switch 420. The control circuit 4 is configured to control the switch 420 to switch to one of a charging position pi and an overcharge protection position P2. When the switch 420 is in the charging position ρι, the electric circuit b generated by the generator 1 charges the battery pack 2' and the battery pack 2 can discharge the load 3, indicating that the generator 1 can be wrong. Electrical energy is transferred from the control circuit to the battery pack 2 to charge the battery pack 2, and the battery pack 2 can also discharge the # load. When the switch 420 is in the overcharge protection position p2, the generator 1 cannot charge the battery pack 2, and the battery pack 2 can discharge the load 3 to prevent the battery pack 2 from being overcharged and damaged. . The control circuit 40 has a voltage sensor 400 for sensing the voltage of the battery pack 2. Preferably, the power unit 42 is an electromagnetic circuit and has an electromagnetic element 421. If the voltage sensor 400 determines that the voltage of the battery pack 2 is higher than a predetermined voltage, the voltage sensor 400 transmits electrical energy to the electromagnetic component 421 to cause the electromagnetic component 421 to generate a magnetic field, thereby driving the switch 42 to be clamped. At the overcharge protection position P2. If the voltage sensor 400 determines that the voltage of the 5 M440913 of the battery pack 2 is lower than the preset voltage, the voltage sensor 400 does not transfer power to the electromagnetic component 421 to cause the switch 420 to be at the charging position pi. In this embodiment, the preset voltage of the battery pack 2 is set to 13·2 volts. When the battery pack 2 is charged to 14.2 volts, the voltage sensor 400 determines that the battery pack 2 is charged to drive the electromagnetic element 421 to generate a magnetic field, and switches the switch 420 to the overcharge protection position Ρ2. on. When the battery pack 2 is consumed with electrical energy below the predetermined voltage (ie, 13.2 volts), the voltage sensor 4 stops transmitting power to the electromagnetic element 421 'so that the switch 420 is switched at the charging position pi . As shown in the second and third figures, the third figure shows the circuit diagram of the voltage sensor. The voltage sensor 400 has a comparator 401, a voltage regulator 402, a Zener diode 403, and an electronic switch 404. In this embodiment, the comparator 401 selects the integrated circuit of the type 4011B, and the comparator 401 has at least one reverse gate. The operation principle of the reverse gate is not described herein. The voltage regulator 402 is connected to the positive terminal B+ of the battery pack 2, the input terminal of the reverse gate and the ground terminal ' and is selected from the type 78L10 to output a stable 1 volt voltmeter. The Zener diode 403 is connected to the positive electrode B+ of the battery pack 2 and the input terminal 2 between the opposite ends. The electronic switch 404 is connected to the output end of the reverse gate, the positive electrode B+ of the battery pack 2, and the electromagnetic component 421, and transmits electrical energy to the electromagnetic component 421 when the electronic switch 404 is turned on. The electronic switch 404 can be selected. Electronic switches such as transistors and power transistors. Wherein, when the voltage sensor 400 breaks the voltage of the battery pack 2 higher than the preset voltage, that is, the battery pack 2 is overcharged, the voltage regulator 402 and the Zener diode 403 are respectively The output indicates to the level 彳5 (1) to the reverse gate, so that the reverse gate outputs the high level signal (1) according to the two high level signals (1), so that the electronic switch 404 is turned on, The M440913 reverses the gate and outputs a voltage of 10 volts to the electronic switch 404 to cause the electronic switch 404 to be turned on, and to transfer electrical energy to the electromagnetic component 421 through the electronic switch 404. Similarly, if the Zener diode 403 has not been turned on, it indicates that the battery pack 2 is not overcharged, so that the reverse gate of the comparator 4〇1 will rotate out of the low level signal (0). ), that is, volts.
實際上，汽車在啟動的瞬間需要較大的電流(例如8〇安培 (Amp))，因此，較佳係選用能耐受較大電流的電驛犯，以耐受 汽車啟動時的瞬間電流。此外，在該發電機丨尚未運轉時由 該電池組2供應該汽車的負載3所需之電能。當該汽車啟動完 成，該發電機1就會開始運作，在該電池組2電力低於額定電 壓13.2伏特時，該發電機1就能透過控制電路4〇將該電驛C 的開關420切換在該充電位置P1上，並以高於13 2伏特的電 壓(例如14.4伏特)對該電池組2充電。又在該電池組2被充飽 (例如14.2伏特）時’該電壓調整器4〇2及該齊納二級體4〇3都 導通，該比較器401的反及閘輸出1〇伏特，此時，該電驛42 的開關420就會切換在該過充保護位^ p2上，以避免該電池 纪2被持續充電而損壞。 特別地’當汽車在運行中將冷氣開啟時，該發電機1供應 的電壓會因為冷氣被啟動，而發生電壓不足的現象此時，; 控制電路40會_該電池組2的電能，來補償瞬間的壓降: 再者，當汽車運行到上坡路段時，該發電冑i也需要供應較高 =壓，此時’該控制電路4〇也會利用該電池組2的來 補償不足的電壓。 請再參照第二圖 該電驛42還有一蕭特基二級 7 M440913 422(Schottky Barrier Diode) ’係連接該開關42〇，且位在該過 充保護位置P2上。特別地，若汽車連續運行後暫時停車於路 旁，隨後，再次將Ά車發動，此時，該電辱42的電磁元件421 可能還沒放電完畢’表示，該開關420還停留在該過充保護位 置P2上，這樣啟動瞬間的最大冷啟動電流(c〇ld cranking amperes)就會直接流過該蕭特基二極體422，於此實施例中， 較佳係選用允許流過2200安培的蕭特基二極體。若該電驛42 内未設有該蕭特基二極體422，則可採用外接該蕭特基二極 體，以達成上述之目的。 鲁 該控制電路40還包括一電容405，係連接該電壓感應器 400及該電驛42的開關420 ’並與該發電機1形成並聯。該電 容4〇5較佳係選用麥拉電容（Metallized P〇lyester Film Capacitor) ’以使該電壓感應器400能獲得較穩定的電壓。 其中，該電驛42數量會依據該電池組2的電芯容量及該 負载3最大電流來決定’例如’該些負載瞬間啟動需要超過2〇〇 安培的電流’因此’可以選用三個容量為80安培的電驛，或鲁 五個容量為40安培的電驛來符合需求。 8 M440913 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係繪示本創作之動力系統的電能管理裝置的方塊 圖。 第二圖係繪示該電能管理裝置的電路圖。 第三圖係繪示該電壓感應器的電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1發電機 2電池組 3負載 4電能管理裝置 40控制電路 401比較器 402電壓調整器 403齊納二極體 404電子開關 405電容 42電驛 420開關 400電壓感應器 421電磁元件 422蕭特基二級體 P1充電位置 P2過充保護位置In fact, the car needs a large current (for example, 8 amps (Amp)) at the moment of starting. Therefore, it is better to use an electric smash that can withstand a large current to withstand the instantaneous current when the car starts. Further, the electric energy required for the load 3 of the automobile is supplied from the battery pack 2 when the generator 丨 is not operating. When the vehicle is started up, the generator 1 will start to operate. When the power of the battery pack 2 is lower than the rated voltage of 13.2 volts, the generator 1 can switch the switch 420 of the electric switch C through the control circuit 4 The battery pack 2 is charged at the charging position P1 and at a voltage higher than 13 2 volts (for example, 14.4 volts). When the battery pack 2 is fully charged (for example, 14.2 volts), the voltage regulator 4〇2 and the Zener diode 4〇3 are both turned on, and the reverse gate output of the comparator 401 is 1 volt. At this time, the switch 420 of the electric switch 42 is switched on the overcharge protection bit ^p2 to prevent the battery cell 2 from being continuously charged and damaged. In particular, when the car is turned on during operation, the voltage supplied by the generator 1 may be activated due to cold air, and the voltage is insufficient. At this time, the control circuit 40 compensates the power of the battery pack 2 Instantaneous pressure drop: In addition, when the car runs to an uphill section, the power generation 胄i also needs to supply a higher = voltage, at which point the control circuit 4 利用 will also use the battery pack 2 to compensate for the insufficient voltage. Referring again to the second figure, the switch 42 has a Schottky Barrier Diode which is connected to the switch 42 and is located at the overcharge protection position P2. In particular, if the vehicle temporarily stops at the roadside after continuous operation, then the brake is started again. At this time, the electromagnetic component 421 of the humiliation 42 may not be discharged yet, indicating that the switch 420 remains in the overcharge. In the protection position P2, the maximum cold start current (c〇ld cranking amperes) at the moment of starting directly flows through the Schottky diode 422. In this embodiment, it is preferred to allow the flow to pass through 2200 amps. Schottky diode. If the Schottky diode 422 is not provided in the battery 42, the Schottky diode may be externally connected to achieve the above object. The control circuit 40 further includes a capacitor 405 connected to the voltage sensor 400 and the switch 420' of the battery 42 and formed in parallel with the generator 1. The capacitor 4〇5 is preferably a Metallized P〇lyester Film Capacitor to enable the voltage inductor 400 to obtain a relatively stable voltage. The number of the electric shovel 42 is determined according to the battery capacity of the battery pack 2 and the maximum current of the load 3, for example, the current of the load needs to be more than 2 amps of current for the instantaneous start-up. Therefore, three capacities can be selected. 80 amps of electricity, or five amps with a capacity of 40 amps to meet demand. 8 M440913 [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram shows a block diagram of the power management device of the power system of the present creation. The second figure shows the circuit diagram of the power management device. The third figure shows the circuit diagram of the voltage sensor. [Main component symbol description] 1 generator 2 battery pack 3 load 4 power management device 40 control circuit 401 comparator 402 voltage regulator 403 Zener diode 404 electronic switch 405 capacitor 42 electric 驿 420 switch 400 voltage sensor 421 electromagnetic Component 422 Schottky secondary body P1 charging position P2 overcharge protection position