TWI861822B - Fireproof foaming thermal insulation material is used to suppress the thermal runaway and heat spread of battery modules and its control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a design and control method of a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material for suppressing thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules, including: providing a battery module having an outer cover and a plurality of battery packs located inside the outer cover; providing an exhaust passage between each battery pack and the outer cover; providing a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material at a positive electrode position of each battery pack; and providing a flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material on the outside of the fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material.

Description

Fireproof foaming thermal insulation materials are used to suppress thermal runaway and heat spread of battery modules. Design and control methods of thermal runaway and heat spread.

The present invention relates to a design and control method for suppressing thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules. Specifically, it relates to a design and control method for suppressing thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules using a fireproof foaming expansion insulation material.

In conventional battery modules (e.g., lithium battery energy storage modules) of the prior art, when thermal runaway occurs and spreads to fire, it will cause a serious safety problem. Specifically, when a short circuit occurs inside the battery module, thermal runaway is likely to occur, causing the temperature inside the battery module to rise sharply, thereby causing dangerous situations such as fire and explosion. Since conventional battery modules contain tens of thousands of cells, once thermal runaway occurs in the cell 10 shown in FIG. 1, a chain reaction will often be triggered, causing the entire battery module to spread to fire. In order to avoid these safety issues, commercial regulatory agencies in various countries and regional alliances currently use various methods to simulate, such as short circuit, overcharge, over discharge, collision, drop, etc., to ensure that the battery will not explode, catch fire, leak, and other harmful behaviors to avoid causing harm to users. However, there is currently no complete solution to the thermal runaway and spread of fire in battery modules.

On the other hand, in a traditional battery module, as shown in FIG1 , when the battery cell 10 is in thermal runaway, it will be accompanied by a violent exothermic chemical reaction, causing hazards such as gas emission, fire, and even explosion, and accompanied by a large amount of smoke release, which may further cause the battery module cover to be damaged, burned, or exploded. The explosions mentioned mainly include two types, namely, battery module cover explosion and gas explosion. In view of the hazards of these explosions, more rigorous consideration and preventive design are required in the battery module design and control method, so that it has the function of suppressing battery burning to ensure the safety of users.

In the existing Chinese invention patent application No. 104284700A, the first solution discloses a battery pack, comprising: one or more battery cells; a shell surrounding the one or more battery cells, wherein at least a portion of the shell is spatially separated from the one or more battery cells; and a fire retardant and a fire suppressant placed between the shell and the one or more battery cells. The fire retardant and the fire suppressant include a thermal expansion agent, which can prevent, hinder and/or extinguish a fire in the battery pack by filling the space between the shell and the one or more battery cells. At least a portion of the shell is spatially separated from the battery core, which means that there is a space between them, and the fire retardant and fire suppressant are placed in the space. Fire retardants and fire suppressants are substances that can be used to prevent combustion, retard fire, or inhibit the spread of fire in a battery pack. Through a thermal expansion agent means that the thermal expansion agent expands when the temperature of the surrounding objects increases (for example, when the battery pack is overheated).

The advantage of the first embodiment is that the battery does not require any additional added or removable parts like for example external storage. The external covering isolator is replaced by a more effective internal agent that expands in case of fire. Since the first embodiment is a passive safety solution, it does not require any additional useful parts.

Another advantage of the first case is that it does not contain bromine (Br) compounds or other toxic compounds generally used in flame retardants. Moreover, since the fire retardant and fire suppressant are placed in the space between the casing and the battery core, and some space is reserved for the expansion of the fire retardant and fire suppressant in the event of a fire, it is possible to provide air or liquid cooling through the reserved space in the normal battery operation mode.

A further advantage of the first embodiment is that the thermal expander reacts to the temperature increase in the battery pack in the most efficient way. This means that the thermal expander begins to expand without the battery core actually burning or melting. That is, if these battery cores overheat, the thermal expander can react to it and expand. It seals the heated area from external oxygen and prevents the transfer of heat, providing a precaution and acting as a flame retardant. On the other hand, if the battery core still catches fire, the thermal expander isolates the inside of the burning battery, thereby extinguishing the fire in the battery core. The thermal expander also effectively blocks the spread of combustion gases and fills cracks if the battery casing is damaged.

In the embodiment of the previous case one, the thermal expansion agent is thermal expansion graphite. By thermal expansion graphite is meant graphite, graphite salt or graphite intercalation compound that increases in volume in response to external heat. An example of this material is thermal expansion graphite provided by GK ^TM (manufacturer of Graphit Krophfmiihl AG, Germany). In the embodiment of the previous case one, the at least one battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell. It has been shown above that these battery cells will catch fire when damaged and the reasons are explained. They are also the most widely used batteries in many industries. In the embodiment of the previous case one, the battery pack is a battery pack for an electric vehicle. Safety is the most important factor in electric vehicles, and damage to the high-energy battery packs of such vehicles can easily occur in traffic accidents. In the embodiment of the previous case one, the fire retardant and fire suppressant are applied to the inner surface of the casing. This can better cool the battery core during normal operation of the battery pack. In the embodiment of the previous case one, the thermal expansion agent substantially seals the one or more battery cores. In other words, the fire retardant and fire suppressant including thermal expansion graphite substantially cover the entire inner surface of the casing or the entire surface of the battery core. In this embodiment, thermal expansion must start in the heating area or fire area closest to the battery core, which provides more efficient heat management.

The main claim of the first case is: a battery pack (1), comprising: one or more battery cells (2), a shell (3) surrounding the one or more battery cells (2), wherein at least a portion of the shell (3) is spatially separated from the one or more battery cells (2), and a fire retardant and a fire suppressant (4) placed between the shell (3) and the one or more battery cells (2), characterized in that the fire retardant and the fire suppressant (4) include a thermal expansion agent, which can prevent, hinder and/or extinguish a fire in the battery pack (I) by filling the space (5) between the shell (3) and the one or more battery cells (2).

The technical field of the previous case is similar to this case, but the graphite in the previous case only has an expansion barrier function and does not have an insulation and heat insulation effect. In order to prevent the spread of fire, the fireproof layout of this case is to make the fireproof foam expansion insulation material thin so that it can adhere to the inside of the ventilation area, and at the same time, the battery module can maintain air circulation during normal operation. In addition, the previous case is a completely closed shell form, and the battery module life will be shorter. This case can continuously dissipate heat for the battery module and increase the service life of the module.

In the existing Republic of China invention patent publication No. 202133473A, a fireproof cover is disclosed, especially a fireproof cover applied to a battery. The battery has the function of storing electrical energy. Multiple batteries are connected in series or parallel to form a battery device, which can be used as a power source for electronic equipment, such as as a power source for electric vehicles. When the battery is impacted by external force, it may also cause high-temperature flames to erupt, and this high-temperature flame will spread to other battery cells, causing the battery device to explode. In the past, multiple insulating plates can be set inside the battery device, and the insulating plates are used to separate the fireproof passage. The batteries are isolated from each other by the fireproof passage. When one of the batteries in the battery device is damaged (e.g., the battery is punctured or hit) and a fire occurs, the fire passage can act as a barrier to prevent the smoke, heat or flame generated by the damaged battery from being transmitted to the batteries in front and behind, and guide the smoke, heat or flame generated by the damaged battery to the outside of the battery device, thereby reducing the chance of fire spreading. Although using an insulating plate to separate the fire passage can reduce the chance of battery fire spreading, a sufficiently long fire passage is required to effectively guide the smoke, heat or flame generated by the damaged battery to the outside of the battery device. Furthermore, using multiple insulating panels to separate fireproof passages will add a lot of extra space, so that the volume of the battery device cannot be effectively reduced, causing inconvenience in the application of the battery device.

One purpose of the previous case is to propose a fireproof cover, which is set on a positive electrode of a battery, and a fireproof material is set inside the fireproof cover; when the battery is damaged and a fire is emitted from the positive electrode, the fireproof material in the fireproof cover will expand due to heat and produce carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide produced by the fireproof material will be used to extinguish the fire; in addition, the expanded fireproof material will cover the positive electrode to play a role in heat insulation and oxygen isolation, thereby achieving a flame retardant effect.

To achieve the above purpose, the second previous case provides a fireproof cover for use on a battery. The battery includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The fireproof cover is arranged on the positive electrode of the battery. A fireproof material is arranged inside the fireproof cover. When the fireproof material is in a high temperature environment, it will expand due to heat and produce carbon dioxide.

The main claim of the previous case No. 2 is: to provide a fireproof cover for use on a battery. The battery includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. A fireproof cover is arranged on the positive electrode of the battery, and a fireproof material is arranged inside the fireproof cover. When the battery is damaged and a fire is emitted from the positive electrode, the fireproof material in the fireproof cover will expand due to heat and produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide produced by the fireproof material is used to extinguish the fire.

The technical field of the previous case 2 is similar to that of this case. The cost of that case is high, it requires more complicated processing operations, and the content used to extinguish the fire is unknown. Therefore, it is essentially an irrelevant patent to this case.

In the existing ROC invention patent publication No. 201314934A, a solar cell backside protective sheet having a weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer, an adhesive layer and a plastic film is disclosed. Furthermore, the third previous case is about a solar cell module formed using the aforementioned solar cell backside protective sheet. A solar cell backside protective sheet having flame retardancy that satisfies the flame spread test specified in UL-1703, excellent long-term moisture and heat resistance and long-term outdoor weather resistance, and a solar cell module formed using the solar cell backside protective sheet is provided.

The solar cell back protection sheet of the third case is a solar cell back protection sheet comprising a weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) with a film thickness of t (μm), a plastic film (2) and an adhesive layer (3). One side of the solar cell back protection sheet is formed by the weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1). Furthermore, the other side of the solar cell back protection sheet is formed by the adhesive layer (3). Moreover, the aforementioned weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) contains a phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) selected from the group consisting of phosphazene compounds, phosphinic acid compounds, and (poly) melamine phosphate, and a weather-resistant resin (B) selected from the group consisting of fluorine-based resins, urethane-based resins, and polyester-based resins. The film thickness t of the aforementioned weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) is 2.5-20% of the total film thickness of the solar cell back protective sheet, and the total phosphorus concentration from the aforementioned phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) in the aforementioned weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) is 2.1-14.2% by weight.

The phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) in the aforementioned weather-resistant flame retardant resin layer (1) preferably contains 20 to 50% by weight. The total phosphorus concentration of the phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) in the aforementioned weather-resistant flame retardant resin layer (1) is preferably 3 to 10% by weight. The aforementioned weather-resistant resin (B) is preferably a fluorine-based resin, or an oligomer polyester-based resin having an inherent viscosity of 0.6 (dl/g) or more and a cyclic trimer content of 1% or less by weight.

The solar cell module of the third preceding case is a solar cell module comprising a solar cell surface sealing sheet (I) located on the light-receiving side of the solar cell, a sealing material layer (II) located on the light-receiving side of the aforementioned solar cell, a solar cell element (III), a sealing agent layer (IV) located on the non-light-receiving side of the aforementioned solar cell, and the aforementioned solar cell back side protective sheet (V) adjacent to the aforementioned non-light-receiving side sealing agent layer (IV), wherein the weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) constituting the aforementioned solar cell back side protective sheet is located at the farthest position from the aforementioned solar cell surface sealing sheet (I).

According to the third preceding case, an excellent effect can be achieved, which can provide a solar cell backside protection sheet having flame retardancy that meets the flame spread test specified in UL-1703, and having excellent long-term moisture and heat resistance and long-term outdoor weather resistance, and can be provided cheaply, and a solar cell module formed by using the solar cell backside protection sheet.

The main claim of the third prior case is: a solar cell backside protective sheet, which is a solar cell backside protective sheet comprising a weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) with a film thickness of t (μm), a plastic film (2) and an easy-adhesion agent layer (3), one side of the aforementioned solar cell backside protective sheet is composed of the aforementioned weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1), and the other side of the aforementioned solar cell backside protective sheet is composed of the aforementioned easy-adhesion agent layer (3), the aforementioned weather-resistant flame-retardant resin layer (1) contains a phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) and a weather-resistant resin ( B), wherein the phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) is selected from the group consisting of phosphazene compounds, phosphinic acid compounds and (poly) melamine phosphate, the weather-resistant resin (B) is selected from the group consisting of fluorine-based resins, urethane-based resins and polyester-based resins, the film thickness t of the weather-resistant flame retardant resin layer (1) is 2.5-20% of the total film thickness of the solar cell back protective sheet, and the total phosphorus concentration from the phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) in the weather-resistant flame retardant resin layer (1) is 2.1-14.2% by weight.

The technical field of the previous case 3 is different from that of this case. That case uses a flame-retardant resin as a fireproof material, and there is no means to actively prevent combustion. This case can directly start the expansion of the fireproof foaming thermal insulation material through temperature sensing, and actively prevent combustion.

In the existing PCT patent publication No. 2020133750A1, a battery pack is disclosed, including multiple batteries and a box, wherein the multiple batteries are contained in the box; each battery includes an explosion-proof valve; the box includes a lower box for supporting the battery and an upper box cooperating with the lower box, the upper box includes an upper plate and a lower plate, and the lower plate and the upper plate cover are combined to form a storage space for containing a fire extinguishing agent; the explosion-proof valve of each battery faces the lower plate of the upper box, and the lower plate is configured to be melted and then release the fire extinguishing agent in the storage space. The lower plate is provided with a weak area, which is opposite to the explosion-proof valve of each battery. Multiple batteries are arranged in a row, and the lower plate is provided with a weak area, and the weak area covers the area formed by all explosion-proof valves of each battery row in the height direction. The weak area is provided with a groove so that the thickness of the weak area is less than the thickness of other parts of the lower plate. The weak area is provided with notches along its periphery.

The upper box body also includes a partition wall, and the receiving space is divided into a plurality of receiving chambers by the partition wall, and each receiving chamber is opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery of each battery row V. The upper box body also includes a fireproof board, which is arranged between the inner surface of the upper plate and the fire extinguishing agent. The fireproof board is a cloud motherboard. The thickness of the lower plate is less than that of the upper plate. The lower plate includes: a bottom wall; a side wall extending upward from the four sides of the bottom wall; and a flange extending outward from the four sides of the side wall, and the flange is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the upper plate.

The beneficial effects of the fourth case are as follows: In the battery pack of the fourth case, when the battery has thermal runaway (the high-temperature gas generated inside the battery breaks through the explosion-proof valve of the battery and is released from the battery, wherein the high-temperature gas that breaks out of the explosion-proof valve may be accompanied by flames and may also be mixed with high-temperature electrolyte), the generated high-temperature gas and/or flame will melt through the lower plate of the box body at the position corresponding to the explosion-proof valve, thereby forming a melted burning area on the lower plate, and the fire extinguishing agent in the lower plate will quickly flow out of the burning area to reach the runaway area. On the one hand, the fire extinguishing agent cools the high-temperature gas and/or extinguishes the flame, and on the other hand, the flowing fire extinguishing agent will enter the interior of the explosion-proof valve to reduce the temperature of the battery, thereby suppressing the thermal runaway of the battery.

The main claims of the fourth case are: a battery pack, comprising a plurality of batteries (1) and a case (2), wherein the plurality of batteries (1) are contained in the case (2); each battery (1) comprises an explosion-proof valve (11); the case (2) comprises a lower case (21) for supporting the battery (1) and an upper case (22) cooperating with the lower case (21), wherein the upper case (22) comprises an upper The upper plate (221) and the lower plate (222) are combined with the upper plate (221) to form a storage space (S) for storing the fire extinguishing agent (3); the explosion-proof valve (11) of each battery (1) faces the lower plate (222) of the upper box body (22), and the lower plate (222) is configured to be melted and then release the fire extinguishing agent (3) in the storage space (S).

The technical field of the previous case 4 is similar to that of this case. In that case, a fire retardant, which is an aerogel fire extinguisher, is placed in a space to extinguish the fire. This is different from the method of this case, which uses temperature to activate the expansion of fireproof foaming thermal insulation materials to actively prevent combustion. It is essentially an unrelated patent to this case.

The existing Chinese invention patent No. 110433419B involves the field of lithium-ion battery technology, especially a lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule and a lithium-ion battery.

The fifth previous case provides a lithium electric thermal runaway fire suppression capsule, which includes: a capsule container that generates a rupture within the range of 60°C to 200°C and a thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor disposed inside the capsule container. Optionally, the rupture pressure range of the capsule container is 0.1MPa to 2MPa, the rupture container has a capsule container wall, and the thickness of the capsule container wall ranges from 0.01mm to 3mm. Optionally, the capsule container adopts one or more of heat shrink film, PP, PE, PET, glass and aluminum plastic film. Optionally, the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor includes the following components by weight: 60% to 90% of fire extinguishing agent; 10% to 40% of flame retardant; 0% to 30% of driving agent. Optionally, the flame retardant is one or more of an organic phosphorus flame retardant, a nitrogen compound flame retardant, a halogenated carbonate flame retardant and a silicon flame retardant. Optionally, the driving agent includes a non-flammable liquid or gas with a vapor pressure in the range of 0.1 MPa to 2 MPa. Optionally, the driving agent includes one or more of perfluoropentane, monochlorotrifluoropropylene, pentafluoropropane, decafluorobutane, hexafluoropropane, and heptafluoropropane. Optionally, the fire extinguishing agent includes a non-flammable liquid with a boiling point in the range of 40°C to 120°C. Preferably, the fire extinguishing agent is one or more of perfluorohexanone, nonafluorobutyl methyl ether, trifluorotrichloroethane, perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene, decafluoropentane and hexafluoropropylene trimer.

The fifth previous case also provides a lithium-ion battery, including a housing and a lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule as described above, wherein the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule is disposed inside the housing. Optionally, the lithium-ion battery further includes a pole group and positive and negative poles, the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule is disposed between the housing and the pole group, and the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule is disposed on the side of the pole group.

In summary, the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule of the previous case 5 wraps the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor with a capsule container to prevent the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor from direct contact with the outside world and prevent the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor from affecting the conductivity of the electrolyte and the like. When a fire occurs, the capsule container will rupture when the ambient temperature reaches 70℃~100℃, thereby releasing the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor inside to prevent the thermal runaway reaction. At the same time, the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule of the lithium-ion battery of the previous case 5 is arranged inside the shell. When the lithium-ion battery enters the thermal runaway gas generation phase, the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule will rupture due to the high-temperature smoke, and the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor will be sprayed into the battery. The fire extinguisher flows into the battery. Because of its moderate boiling point, it can absorb heat and vaporize when the battery is at a high temperature. The driver is used to push perfluorohexanone and flame retardant into various parts of the battery.

The main claim of the previous case No. 5 is: a lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule, characterized in that the lithium thermal runaway fire suppression capsule comprises: a capsule container that breaks within the range of 70°C to 100°C and a thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor disposed inside the capsule container; the thermal runaway fire composite inhibitor comprises the following components by weight: 60% to 90% fire extinguishing agent; 10% to 40% flame retardant; and 10% to 40% driving agent. 5%~30%; the fire extinguishing agent includes one or more of perfluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene which is non-flammable and has a boiling point of 46°C, and decafluoropentane which is non-flammable and has a boiling point of 54°C; the driving agent is pentafluoropropane, and the bursting pressure range of the capsule container is 0.5MPa~1.5MPa; the capsule container has a capsule container wall, and the thickness range of the capsule container wall is 0.2mm~1mm.

The technical field of the previous case 5 is similar to this case. The method used in that case is similar to the fire extinguishing patch. This method can only deal with local fires. If the fire is too large, it cannot prevent the spread of fire. In addition, due to its high price, it is mostly used in power facilities such as transformer boxes. This case can start the expansion of fireproof foaming thermal insulation materials through temperature sensing, actively prevent combustion, and simultaneously complete the expansion of fireproof foaming thermal insulation materials in the temperature sensing ventilation area to prevent the inflow of external combustion-supporting gas and cause secondary spread of fire.

In view of this, how to provide a fireproof foaming thermal insulation material for use in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal spread of battery modules, so that when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, the battery pack that has thermal runaway is blocked and the normal temperature of other battery packs is maintained to avoid spread of fire, is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in this industry.

In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fire-proof foam expansion insulation material for use in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules. When the battery pack has thermal runaway, it can directly trigger the expansion of the fire-proof foam expansion insulation material through physical temperature to fill all gaps, block the battery pack that has thermal runaway, isolate and avoid temperature changes, maintain the normal temperature of other battery packs, and avoid extension of fire, thereby achieving the effect of fire prevention.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material for use in the design and control method of suppressing thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules, including: providing a battery module having an outer cover and a plurality of battery packs located inside the outer cover; setting an exhaust channel between each battery pack and the outer cover; setting a fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material at a positive electrode position of each battery pack; and setting a high thermal conductivity material that resists flame breakdown on the outside of the fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material; the main material of the fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material is a substrate and an insulator, the substrate is a phosphorus silicon material, and the flame retardant is composed of but not limited to an acid source, a carbon source, a gas source, etc.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is applied to the design and control method of the ability to suppress thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules, and the battery modules include but are not limited to integrated energy storage cabinets, battery backup power modules (BBU), uninterruptible power systems (UPS), DC charging piles, battery packs, 5G communication base station power supply modules, battery arrays (Cell Array), battery modules (Module), battery packs (Pack), battery cabinets and battery management systems (Racking) and other integrated battery packs.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is applied to the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules. The batteries having the fireproof expansion expansion insulation material include but are not limited to lithium batteries, cylindrical batteries, angular batteries and soft pack batteries.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is applied to the design and control method of the battery module for suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning of the battery module, and the battery module further includes at least one related device, and at least one related device includes but is not limited to a battery pack and a fan.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming thermal insulation material of the present invention is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of the battery module, and the design and control method thereof have a plurality of batteries in the battery module that are connected in parallel or in series.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is used in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning ability of the battery module, wherein the acid source is a dehydrating agent, the carbon source is a carbon forming agent, and the gas source is a foaming agent.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming thermal insulation material of the present invention is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of the battery module. The high thermal conductivity material with flame-proof performance and control method includes but is not limited to SUS304 flame-proof steel.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material of the present invention is used to suppress the thermal runaway and heat extension of the battery module. The design and control method thereof further include a starting step: step (1): removing the exothermic reaction gas; step (2): temperature-sensitive expansion fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material; and step (3): completing thermal runaway battery isolation and temperature control.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is applied to the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal extension of the battery module. The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material is further arranged in the ventilation area and the fireproof barrier wall.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material for use in the design and control method of suppressing thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules, including: providing a battery module having an outer cover and a plurality of battery packs located inside the outer cover; providing an exhaust passage between each battery pack and the outer cover; providing a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material at a positive electrode position of each battery pack; and providing a flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material outside the fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material; the feature of the invention is that it further includes a fire-extinguishing patch, and the fire-extinguishing patch is adjacent to the fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material or the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material.

10:Battery Cell

100:Battery module

110: Outer cover

120:Battery pack

121: Positive position

130: Ventilation area

200: Exhaust channel

300: Fireproof foaming thermal insulation material

400: High thermal conductivity material that resists flame penetration

500: Fire extinguishing patch

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a traditional battery module that triggers a chain reaction due to thermal runaway, leading to a fire spread throughout the battery module.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the design and implementation example of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention for suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules and its control method.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the battery cover of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention used in the design of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal extension of the battery module and its control method.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the design of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention for suppressing thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules and the setting of the high thermal conductivity material with flame resistance and control method.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the exhaust passage of the fireproof foaming thermal insulation material of the present invention used in the design of the ability to suppress thermal runaway and thermal burnout of battery modules and its control method.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the multi-directional expansion of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention, which is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of the battery module and its control method.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention being used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of the battery module and its control method, and the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material is set in a ventilated place.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the use of the fire-proof foaming thermal insulation material of the present invention for the design of suppressing thermal runaway and thermal spread of battery modules and the use of the fire-extinguishing patch of the control method thereof.

The present invention is described in detail as follows with the accompanying drawings and in the form of an embodiment. The drawings used in the text are only for illustration and auxiliary description, and may not be the actual proportion and precise configuration after the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the proportion and configuration of the attached drawings should not limit the patent scope of the present invention in actual implementation.

Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. The design and control method of a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material used in the present invention for suppressing thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules include: providing a battery module 100, the battery module 100 having an outer cover 110 and a plurality of battery packs 120 located inside the outer cover 110; setting an exhaust channel 200 between each battery pack 120 and the outer cover 110; setting a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material 300 at a positive electrode position 121 of each battery pack 120; and setting a flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 on the outside of the fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material 300.

In detail, the foamed expansion thermal insulation material of the present invention is applied to the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and heat extension of the battery module, by attaching the fireproof foamed expansion thermal insulation material 300 to the gap between the flame-proof high thermal conductivity material 400 provided in the outer cover 110 of the battery module 100 and the battery pack 120 (such as a lithium battery pack) (i.e.: Fireproof channel), and the positive position 121 of the battery pack 120 (such as a lithium battery pack) is attached to the upper edge of the fireproof channel (i.e., attached to the inner area of the high thermal conductivity material 400 that resists flame penetration), so that it has the effect of maintaining temperature balance in a normal state, and can form a fireproof foam expansion seal at the fire source when thermal runaway occurs, thereby blocking the temperature changes inside and outside.

In addition, before the temperature of the battery module 100 reaches the temperature at which the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 starts to expand, the temperature of the battery module 100 can be controlled by removing the exothermic reaction gas. When the temperature is high enough to make the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 reach the temperature at which the expansion starts, the foaming expansion of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 is triggered, thereby filling the gap between the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 lining of the outer cover 110 inside the battery module 100 and the multiple battery packs 120 and the battery module (i.e., the fireproof passage), achieving fireproof and heat-insulating effects, thereby maintaining the uniform temperature management of the battery module 100 and avoiding thermal runaway and extended burning caused by excessive temperature.

The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 described in the present invention can be applied to the fire protection of the battery module 100. The battery module 100 of the present invention includes but is not limited to integrated energy storage cabinets, battery backup power modules (BBU), uninterruptible power systems (UPS), DC charging piles, battery packs, 5G communication base station power supply modules, battery arrays (Cell Array), battery modules (Module), battery packs (Pack), battery cabinets and battery management systems (Racking) and other integrated battery packs. In addition, the batteries contained in the integrated battery pack in the battery module 100 include but are not limited to lithium batteries (the form includes but is not limited to cylindrical batteries, angular batteries, soft pack batteries), etc. The outer cover 110 of the battery module 100 also includes but is not limited to metal shells, etc. The battery module 100 further includes at least one associated device, and the at least one associated device includes but is not limited to components such as a battery pack, a fan, and their quantities, and the arrangement method thereof is also not limited.

The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules. The design and control method thereof have the following core technologies:

1. Layout of fireproof foaming and thermal insulation materials and battery fireproof design

The fireproof design of the layout of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is to directly trigger the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 through the battery module 100 when the aforementioned types of assembled battery packs are in thermal runaway, so that it produces a foaming expansion insulation reaction, and then produces an insulation mechanism to prevent the entry of oxygen from the external system, thereby achieving the effect of fire prevention. The layout of the battery fireproof design can be implemented by taking the battery backup power module (BBU) as an example as shown in FIG. 3.

Among them, the outer cover of the battery backup power module (BBU) shown in Figure 3 can adjust the design of the ventilation area and the ventilation fan according to different design requirements. Therefore, the scope of design based on this change is all within the scope of protection requested by the patent in this case.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , the outer cover 110 is shown as the outer cover of the battery backup power module, and the fireproof foaming heat insulating material 300 is respectively attached to each independent battery pack (Pack) in the battery backup power module (BBU) lined with the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 (as shown in FIG. 4 ), wherein the multiple batteries in the battery module 100 can be a combination of parallel or series connection.

In this way, when thermal runaway occurs, flames and high-temperature liquid will escape from the positive electrode pressure relief valve of the cylindrical battery in the battery pack, and through the high temperature of the fireproof channel, the fireproof foam expansion insulation material 300 will be attached to the inner lining of the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 above the fireproof channel at the positive end, or the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 will be arranged on the outside of the fireproof foam expansion insulation material 300. The flame-resistant material 400 (such as SUS304 flame-resistant steel) is used. When a high-temperature flame is generated, the fire-resistant foaming and heat-insulating material 300 will immediately foam and diffuse in multiple directions, thereby covering the entire fire source to achieve an oxygen-free effect. The flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 further prevents the internal flame from penetrating out, thereby preventing the flame from spreading to the outside.

The layout quantity and position of the fireproof foaming thermal insulation material 300 and the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 shown in FIG. 4 can be adjusted according to different design requirements. Therefore, the scope of design based on such changes is within the scope of protection requested by the patent in this case.

2. Material design and characteristics of fireproof foaming thermal insulation material 300

The fireproof foaming expansion heat insulation material 300 of the present invention is a temperature-triggered foaming expansion heat insulation material, and its main materials are a base material and an insulating agent. The base material is a phosphorus silicon material, and the flame retardant is composed of but not limited to an acid source (dehydrating agent), a carbon source (carbon forming agent), a gas source (foaming agent), etc., and the foaming expansion temperature is adjusted by the ratio of the phosphorus silicon material, the insulating agent and other additives. Taking the target 180°C foaming expansion as an example, the expansion ratio can reach 8 to 15 times. By rapidly generating a large amount of microporous thermal insulation foam, the material can cover the entire battery module 100, sealing the gap caused by fire deformation, preventing flames, smoke, heat, etc. from penetrating between two components (such as: two battery packs in the battery backup power module (BBU)), achieving oxygen-free, sealed, and heat-insulating source transmission, thereby preventing other parts of the battery module 100 from being damaged by fire.

The fireproof foaming thermal insulation material 300 of the present invention has the following characteristics:

1. When the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 is heated, a large amount of microporous insulation foam can be quickly generated on the surface of the material. The microporous insulation foam can prevent the further degradation of the inner polymer and the release of combustibles to the surface.

2. Fireproof foaming thermal insulation material 300 can prevent the transfer of heat source to polymer and isolate oxygen source, thereby effectively preventing the spread of flames and achieving effective flame retardant effect.

The advantages of the fireproof foaming thermal insulation material 300 of the present invention are as follows:

1. The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 is a foam expansion material that does not generate expansion pressure. Therefore, unlike traditional graphite expansion materials, it will not cause the outer shell of the battery module 100 to rupture, causing oxygen to enter and cause secondary combustion.

2. The fireproof foamed heat-insulating material 300 is flexible and can be processed into special shapes according to the appearance of the battery module 100. It can be installed by surface adhesive, which is easy to apply.

3. The fireproof foamed expansion insulation material 300 is a foam-like expansion material with insulation effect. Therefore, when the battery module 100 is laid out for battery fireproof design, there is no need to consider the insulation problem. The traditional graphite expansion material only has a barrier effect, and has no heat insulation effect.

4. The foam produced by the 300% fireproof foaming heat insulation material fills the internal voids to form multi-directional expanding foam, directly isolating oxygen and inhibiting the spread of fire.

5. Fireproof foaming thermal insulation material 300 is a high temperature resistant material (can cope with temperatures above 1000°C), and its carbonized structure is also high temperature resistant, so there will be no re-ignition.

3. Material design and characteristics of high thermal conductivity material 400 that resists flame penetration

The flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 of the present invention is a flame-resistant material that can prevent holes from being formed due to flame penetration, thereby causing external combustion-supporting gas to be sucked into the battery module, causing stronger thermal reaction combustion, explosion, secondary combustion, etc. At the same time, through the heat source conduction effect of the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400, the heat source is expanded to other places in the battery module 100 to synchronize the expansion of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 in other areas, thereby improving the reaction to the flame and the insulation effect of blocking. The flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 can include but is not limited to SUS304 flame-resistant steel, etc., and has the conditions of including but not limited to flame-resistant and high thermal conductivity.

4. Excluding exothermic reaction gases and the foaming and expansion mechanism of fireproof foaming and expansion insulation materials

The present invention eliminates the exothermic reaction gas and uses the passing temperature of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 as a starting condition to trigger the foaming and expansion of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 and achieve a fireproof effect. The starting mechanism and step flow are as follows: Step (1): eliminate the exothermic reaction gas; Step (2): temperature-sensitive expansion of the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material; and Step (3): complete thermal runaway battery isolation and temperature control.

(1) Exhaust exothermic reaction gas: As shown in FIG. 5 , when the lithium battery in the battery module 100 is in thermal runaway, a violent thermochemical reaction will be triggered, which will first produce exothermic reaction gas, so the exothermic reaction gas needs to be removed first to control the temperature. Taking the aforementioned "battery fire protection design of the layout of fireproof foaming expansion insulation material" as an example, before the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 triggers the temperature (such as setting it to 180°C to trigger expansion), it first keeps the air unobstructed through the exhaust channel designed internally, vents the exothermic reaction gas, and releases high-pressure energy. The high thermal conductivity material 400 that resists flame breakdown can avoid excessive temperature accumulation, thereby effectively controlling the temperature. Taking the aforementioned "layout of fireproof foaming expansion insulation materials for battery fireproof design" as an example, a space for the exothermic reaction gas to be ejected during thermal runaway can be reserved at the positive electrode exhaust port of the battery pack (because the exothermic reaction gas will be discharged from the positive electrode of the battery). In this way, when thermal runaway occurs, the exhaust channel inside the entire battery backup power module (BBU) can be kept unobstructed, ensuring that the gas is fully discharged and high-pressure energy is released to avoid excessive temperature accumulation.

Step (2) Temperature-sensitive expansion fireproof foaming expansion insulation material: As shown in FIG6 , when the lithium battery in the battery module 100 is in thermal runaway, and the exothermic reaction gas is released through step (1), the lithium battery in the battery module 100 is still in thermal runaway and enters an irreversible reaction mechanism, a spread of fire will occur, causing the lithium battery in thermal runaway to spread to adjacent lithium batteries and trigger a chain reaction. In the aforementioned "layout of fireproof foaming expansion insulation material for battery fireproof design", the attachment position of the internal fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 is selected around the inner shell of the battery pack or above the fireproof passage at the positive electrode of the battery cell (i.e., the inner lining of the high thermal conductivity material 400 that resists flame breakdown), so that when the battery pack reaches the trigger temperature (such as setting it to 180°C to trigger expansion), the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 is immediately activated to expand in multiple directions to fill all the internal gaps of the battery pack, and also fill the heat dissipation ventilation flow channel, so as to achieve a partition mechanism to prevent heat spread and complete the insulation effect. At the same time, the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 transmits the surrounding heat radiation, heat transfer, and heat convection reaction quickly to achieve rapid heat source conduction, and simultaneously expands other fire-proof foaming expansion insulation materials 300 to establish an isolation chamber effect to prevent the flame from spreading further. Taking the aforementioned "battery fire protection design of the layout of fire-proof foaming expansion insulation materials" as an example, once the internal trigger temperature is reached, the fire-proof foaming expansion insulation mechanism is immediately activated to fill all internal gaps and block the heat dissipation ventilation channel.

Step (3) completes thermal runaway battery isolation and temperature control: After step (2) is started, the fireproof foamed heat insulating material 300 expands to prevent the isolated battery pack (Pack) and the gases released by the electrolyte of the lithium battery itself, including but not limited to methyl methacrylate, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other flammable gases from contacting with external combustion-supporting gases (such as air, oxygen), thereby avoiding the elimination of conditions such as the inhalation of external combustion-supporting gases when the battery pack (Pack) is in a negative pressure state to the outside, causing stronger thermal reaction combustion, explosion, secondary combustion, etc.

As mentioned above, the "layout of fireproof foaming and thermal insulation materials for battery fireproof design", "material design of fireproof foaming and thermal insulation materials" and "high thermal conductivity material design to resist flame penetration" are combined to form a fireproof layout and the foaming and expansion mechanism of the fireproof foaming and thermal insulation materials to remove the exothermic reaction gas. The battery backup power module (BBU) is used as an example. The implementation process and the effects produced are as follows:

1. When any independent battery pack, that is, a set of battery cells in the power module (BBU) has thermal runaway, its high temperature will cause surrounding heat radiation, heat transfer, and heat convection reactions. The design of the fireproof passage will remove the heat source.

At this time, the fireproof foaming and expansion insulation material at the thermal runaway location will rapidly expand and suppress the generation of flames due to the high temperature triggered expansion effect and also have a heat insulation effect, limiting the thermal runaway battery cell to the runaway range.

2. The flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 can quickly transfer high temperatures through surrounding heat radiation, heat transfer, and heat convection reactions, achieving the effect of rapid heat source conduction through its high thermal conductivity.

3. The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 located adjacent to the thermal runaway independent battery pack and thermal runaway battery cell triggers the expansion of the adjacent fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 through the rapid heat source conduction characteristics of the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 to establish an isolation chamber effect and prevent the flame from continuing to spread.

It should be noted that the aforementioned method of removing the exothermic reaction gas and the method of temperature-sensitive expansion fireproof foam expansion insulation material can be adjusted according to different design requirements. Therefore, the scope of design based on such changes is within the scope of protection requested by the patent in this case.

The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules, and its control method can further have the following applications:

1. Design of fireproof foam expansion insulation materials in ventilation areas and flame-proof walls to prevent secondary burning

The present invention can attach the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 to the ventilation part and the flameproof baffle of the battery module 100, so as to ensure that when thermal runaway occurs in the battery module 100, the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 on the inner surface of the ventilation part and the flameproof baffle structure can sense the temperature synchronously, immediately trigger foaming expansion, and block the structure for heat insulation, thereby closing the cavity of the battery module 100, blocking the heat transfer between the inside and outside of the battery module 100, and preventing oxygen from entering the battery module 100 to cause more intense combustion or explosion, and after the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 is carbonized, it can also form a protection to prevent secondary re-ignition. In addition, in order to cope with the normal battery module, a heat dissipation fan will be installed near the ventilation and flameproof wall. The thinness of the fireproof expansion foam insulation material 300 will not affect the operation of the fan or the failure of the air convection and cooling mechanism in the normal use of the battery module.

The implementation example of fireproof design for ventilation is shown in FIG7: the design attaches a fireproof foaming heat-insulating material 300 to the inner side of a high thermal conductivity material (such as SUS304 flame-resistant steel) that is flame-resistant, and is attached to the outlet of the positive pressure relief valve of the battery pack. This attachment method can reserve a ventilation and temperature-averaging duct for the ventilation, so that the battery module 100 can maintain smooth air inside and outside under normal use. Once the attached fireproof foamed expansion insulation material 300 senses the set temperature, it will start to expand to form foam to block the air flow in the ventilation area. The flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 is used to quickly transfer heat to the outer cover 110 to dissipate heat, and transfer heat to the adjacent fireproof foamed expansion material 300 to trigger the foamed expansion isolation chamber effect early to prevent the fire from spreading.

In addition, the design can also attach a fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 to the flame-proof barrier check valve. This prevents the flame from spreading due to the out-of-control temperature of the battery cell, which may cause the organic solvent to spray back and affect the possibility of secondary burning of the battery module.

The aforementioned method of using fireproof foaming and expansion insulation materials in ventilation and flameproof walls can be adjusted according to different design requirements. Therefore, the scope of design based on such changes is within the scope of protection requested by the patent in this case.

2. Fireproof foaming expansion insulation material can activate the expansion barrier mechanism after sensing temperature

The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 of the present invention can be triggered to expand by temperature sensing, and does not require additional power supply to trigger the expansion action. Therefore, no electricity is needed, and the material will expand by temperature sensing.

3. Fireproof foam expansion insulation materials can sense temperature individually and activate expansion blocking mechanisms individually

The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 of the present invention can expand by sensing temperature, so the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 corresponding to the individual battery pack in the battery module 100 can expand individually by sensing temperature, without affecting the battery pack that has not thermally runaway and is also covered by the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 after expansion.

4. Application of flame-resistant high thermal conductivity materials in battery module covers

The flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 of the present invention can also be applied to the battery cover, directly improving the cover's flame-resistant ability and improving the fire protection effect. In the battery backup power module (BBU) shown in FIG. 3, by making the cover with flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400, the cover can have the ability to resist flame puncture.

5. Introduction of fire extinguishing patches and their application in active fire extinguishing design

The fireproof foaming expansion insulation material of the present invention is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal burning of the battery module. The design and control method thereof further include a fire extinguishing patch 500, and the fire extinguishing patch 500 is arranged adjacent to the fireproof foaming expansion insulation material 300 or the high thermal conductivity material 400 that resists flame penetration. In detail, the fire extinguishing patch 500 is a fire extinguishing product based on microcapsule technology, which is composed of a synthetic capsule and a bonding agent, and has the effect of active fire extinguishing. It can respond to potential fire points, and the synthetic capsule stored in itself will burst due to heat, and immediately release gas to extinguish the fire. The fire extinguishing patch 500 can effectively solve the fire rescue problem in relatively closed and small spaces (such as the spaces and gaps between components in the battery module), and can prevent large fires caused by sporadic flames.

In this way, the present invention can deploy a fire extinguishing patch 500 in the battery module 100 by using the thermal conductivity of the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material 400 in the battery module 100, and quickly trigger the fire extinguishing patch 500 through thermal conduction to achieve the effect of active fire extinguishing in the battery module. The deployment embodiment of the fire extinguishing patch 500 in the battery module 100 is shown in FIG8 . It can be set in each component space and gap in the battery module 100 (such as the gaps between each battery pack, that is, each battery cell in the embodiment), and through contact with the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material, the active fire extinguishing is completed by heat-sensitive triggering.

In summary, in conventional battery modules (e.g., lithium battery energy storage modules) of the prior art, when thermal runaway and fire spreads, it will cause serious safety problems. Specifically, when a short circuit occurs inside the battery module, thermal runaway is likely to occur, causing the temperature inside the battery module to rise sharply, leading to dangerous situations such as fire and explosion. Since conventional battery modules contain tens of thousands of cells, once thermal runaway occurs, it often triggers a chain reaction, causing the entire battery module to spread (as shown in Figure 1). In order to avoid these safety issues, commercial regulatory agencies in various countries and regional alliances currently use various methods to simulate, such as short circuit, overcharge, over discharge, collision, drop, etc., to ensure that the battery will not explode, catch fire, leak, and other harmful behaviors to avoid causing harm to users. However, there is currently no complete solution to the thermal runaway and spread of fire in battery modules.

On the other hand, in traditional battery modules, when the battery cell thermally runs away, it will be accompanied by a violent exothermic chemical reaction, causing hazards such as gas emission, fire, and even explosion, accompanied by the release of a large amount of smoke, and may further cause the battery module cover to be damaged, burned or exploded. The explosions mentioned mainly include two types, namely battery module cover explosion and gas explosion. In view of the hazards of these explosions, more rigorous consideration and preventive design are required in the battery module design and control methods, so that it has the function of suppressing battery burning to ensure the safety of users.

In order to solve the above-mentioned known technical problems, the present invention uses a fireproof foam expansion insulation material to arrange the battery fireproof design. By attaching the positive electrode position of the inner lining of the outer cover of the battery pack (such as a lithium battery pack) in the battery module, when any battery pack in the battery module has thermal runaway, the physical temperature directly triggers the fireproof foam expansion insulation material to expand and fill all gaps, blocking the battery pack that has thermal runaway, isolating and avoiding temperature changes, maintaining the normal temperature of other battery packs, and avoiding fire spread, thereby achieving the effect of fire prevention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They cannot be used to limit the patent scope of the present invention. In other words, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the patent scope of the present invention.

100:Battery module

120:Battery pack

121: Positive position

130: Ventilation area

200: Exhaust channel

300: Fireproof foaming thermal insulation material

400: High thermal conductivity material that resists flame penetration

Claims (10)

A fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules and its control method, including: providing a battery module, the battery module has an outer cover and a plurality of battery packs located inside the outer cover; setting an exhaust channel between each battery pack and the outer cover; setting a fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material at a positive electrode position of each battery pack; and setting a high thermal conductivity material that resists flame breakdown on the outside of the fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material; its characteristics are that the main materials of the fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material are a substrate and an insulating agent, the substrate is a phosphorus silicon material, and the flame retardant is composed of parts including but not limited to an acid source, a carbon source, a gas source, etc. The fireproof foam expansion insulation material as described in claim 1 is applied to the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules, wherein the battery module includes but is not limited to integrated energy storage cabinets, battery backup power modules (BBU), uninterruptible power systems (UPS), DC charging piles, battery packs, 5G communication base station power supply modules, battery arrays (Cell Array), battery modules (Module), battery packs (Pack), battery cabinets and battery management systems (Racking) and other integrated battery packs. The fireproof foamed thermal insulation material as described in claim 1 is used in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning ability of battery modules, wherein the battery includes but is not limited to lithium batteries, cylindrical batteries, angular batteries and soft pack batteries. The fireproof foamed expansion insulation material as described in claim 1 is applied to the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning ability of the battery module, wherein the battery module further includes at least one associated device, and the at least one associated device includes but is not limited to a battery pack and a fan. The fireproof foamed expansion insulation material as described in claim 1 is used in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal spread of the battery module, wherein the multiple batteries in the battery module are connected in parallel or in series. The fireproof foaming expansion thermal insulation material as described in claim 1 is used in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning ability of the battery module, wherein the acid source is a dehydrating agent, the carbon source is a carbon forming agent, and the gas source is a foaming agent. The fireproof foamed expansion insulation material as described in claim 1 is used in the design and control method of suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal burning ability of the battery module, wherein the high thermal conductivity material that resists flame penetration includes but is not limited to SUS304 flame penetration resistant steel. The fireproof foamed expansion thermal insulation material as described in claim 1 is used to design and control the ability to suppress thermal runaway and thermal burning of battery modules, and further includes a startup step: step (1): removing exothermic reaction gas; step (2): temperature-sensitive expansion of the fireproof foamed expansion thermal insulation material; and step (3): completing thermal runaway battery isolation and temperature control. The fireproof foamed expansion thermal insulation material as described in claim 1 is applied to the design and control method for suppressing the thermal runaway and thermal spread of battery modules, wherein the fireproof foamed expansion thermal insulation material is further arranged in at least one ventilation area and/or at least one fireproof barrier. A fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material is used to suppress the thermal runaway and thermal extension of battery modules and its control method, including: providing a battery module, the battery module having an outer cover and a plurality of battery groups located inside the outer cover; setting an exhaust channel between each battery group and the outer cover; setting a fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material at a positive position of each battery group; and setting a flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material on the outside of the fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material; its characteristic is that it further includes a fire extinguishing patch, the fire extinguishing patch is adjacent to the fireproof foam expansion thermal insulation material or the flame-resistant high thermal conductivity material.