TWI820578B - Ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure and method for forming ulterfine powder particle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure and method for forming ultrafine powder particle. The structure includes an air outlet and return structure sequentially connected with a particle forming control structure, a first jet cooling structure, and an elbow pipe direction-changing distribution structure; the front end of the air outlet and return structure connected to a front high temperature evaporator, and the rear end of the elbow pipe direction-changing distribution structure connected to a rear collection and cooling structure. The invention accurately controls each stage of the ultrafine powder particles forming process, including temperature field control, velocity field control, and the control of the connection between each structure, so that the vapor circulating inside uniformly passes through each controlled part, providing stable and controllable conditions for forming ultrafine powder particles as well as obtaining formed particles with uniform particle size, stable morphology and good dispersion.

Description

Ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure and ultrafine powder particle forming method

The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafine powder particle preparation, and in particular refers to an ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure and an ultrafine powder particle forming method.

When using the evaporation and condensation gas phase method to prepare ultrafine powder particles, the material to be prepared is first heated and vaporized at high temperature, and then solidified from the gas state to the liquid state. Because the ultrafine powder particles to be prepared are Micropowder particles are microscopic materials, mostly nano-level, sub-micron or micron-level powders. The size of the formed particles is small, the formation speed is very fast, and the temperature is very high. Although the technical principle of forming is simple, the actual application is very difficult. It is even more difficult to prepare powder particles with uniform particle size, stable morphology, and good dispersion that can be used in batches.

Commonly used methods include an expansion structure to slow down the flow of steam and control particle formation; or a blowing cooling structure to quickly cool the steam. These two methods either have uneven temperatures in the inner and outer layers of the airflow, or blow air into the inner layer. The uneven internal flow pattern will lead to the emergence of a large number of ultra-small and ultra-large particles, which will affect the subsequent use of the powder.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure and an ultrafine powder particle forming method to solve the problem that the current technology will lead to the emergence of a large number of ultra-small and ultra-large particles, affecting the subsequent use of the powder.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical contents:

An ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure is provided in an ultrafine powder particle preparation system and includes a sequentially connected air outlet and return structure, a garbage return structure or a garbage collection structure, and a particle forming control structure.

The front end of the gas outlet and return flow structure is connected to the front high-temperature evaporator, and the rear end of the particle forming control structure is connected to the rear collection or cooling structure.

The ultrafine powder particle preparation system also includes a heating system provided in the high-temperature evaporator to provide a heat source, a feeding system that provides raw materials to the high-temperature evaporator, a circulating cooling system that provides cooling, and a gas source or circulating gas that provides current carrying and cooling. system, a pressure balance system that provides pressure balance control, a first jet cooling structure and an elbow change direction material distribution structure.

Optionally, the front end of the air outlet and return structure is connected to the air outlet of the high-temperature evaporator. The interior of the air outlet and return structure at least includes a first channel for high-temperature steam to enter. A heat preservation or heating device is provided outside the first channel. temperature device.

Optionally, the interior of the garbage return structure or garbage collection structure at least includes a second channel, the front end of the second channel is connected to the first channel, and the rear end is connected to the inner cavity of the particle forming control structure. The second channel There is an insulation or heating device on the outside.

Optionally, the front end of the inner cavity of the particle forming control structure is connected to the second channel, and the rear end of the inner cavity is connected to the collection or cooling structure. An ultrafine powder particle forming area is provided inside the particle forming control structure. The particle forming control structure is equipped with an insulation, heating or cooling structure inside, which indirectly controls the temperature of the ultrafine powder particle forming area through heat conduction or thermal radiation, and controls the passage of particles with the carrier gas through the carrier gas velocity and the cross-sectional size of the ultrafine powder particle forming area. The speed of ultrafine powder particle forming area.

Optionally, the rear end of the particle forming control structure also includes a first jet cooling structure and an elbow changing direction material distribution structure; the first jet cooling structure at least includes an internal third channel, and the particle forming control structure The front end is connected to the ultrafine powder particle forming area, and the rear end is connected to the bending pipe distribution structure. A porous inner layer plate is provided outside the third channel, and cooling gas is evenly sprayed into the third channel from the periphery.

Optionally, the elbow direction changing material distribution structure includes a direction changing cavity, and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are connected to the direction changing cavity, wherein the air inlet pipe is connected to the third channel, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the collection or cooling structure connection.

The angle between the axial centerline of the air inlet pipe and the axial centerline of the air outlet pipe is 30º to 150º.

Optionally, the cooling structure connected to the air outlet pipe is a second jet cooling structure. The second jet cooling structure at least includes an internal fourth channel. The front end of the fourth channel is connected to the bend of the bending pipe to change the material distribution structure. The air outlet pipe is connected, and the rear end is connected to the collection cooling structure.

There are 1 to 12 jet holes of 5 to 50 mm in the fourth channel for jet cooling to the central area of the fourth channel.

Alternatively, a porous jet pipe is provided at the axial centerline of the fourth channel.

The invention also provides a method for forming an ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling pipe structure. Using the ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling pipe structure of the invention includes the following steps:

S1. The material to be prepared as ultrafine powder particles is added to the high-temperature evaporator. The heated and evaporated material vapor is mixed with the carrier gas to form a mixed gas, and then enters the air outlet and return flow structure from the air outlet of the high-temperature evaporator. The air outlet is controlled by insulation or heating. The internal temperature of the reflow structure is higher than the melting point of the material to be prepared.

S2. After passing through the gas outlet and return flow structure, the garbage return flow structure or the garbage collection structure, the mixed gas enters the particle forming control structure. In the ultrafine powder particle forming area within the particle forming control structure, it passes through the insulation structure or heating structure or cooling structure. The structure indirectly controls the temperature of each part of the ultrafine powder particle forming area through heat conduction or thermal radiation, and controls the speed of particles passing through various internal areas with the carrier gas through the carrier gas velocity and pipeline cross-sectional size, providing stable and controllable conditions for particle forming, allowing The substance to be prepared changes from gaseous state to liquid state, liquid state to solid state, gaseous states collide with each other and condense into smaller liquid nuclei, smaller liquid nuclei collide with each other and form larger droplets, or gaseous state collides with smaller liquid nuclei to form larger ones. Liquid droplets, larger droplets continue to collide with each other and grow up or solidify into solid particles. Smaller liquid cores combine with solid particles to form larger solid particles or become core-shell structures. Gas and solid particles combine to form larger solid particles or become core-shell structures. Structure, solid particles continue to cool, thereby preparing particles with the desired particle size and morphology.

S3. The particles with the desired particle size and morphology prepared in step S2 are carried by the carrier gas into the first jet cooling structure, and the cooling gas is evenly sprayed from the periphery into the internal channel through the porous inner layer plate, and the cooling gas is sprayed into the inner channel through the porous inner layer plate, and the The high-temperature gas and the formed particles are mixed and cooled.

S4. The cooled particles are carried by the carrier gas and enter the bending tube distribution structure to separate the defective particles from the good particles. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas and move to the next process. The defective particles are The particles converge towards the garbage return structure or the garbage collection structure.

S5. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas into the collection structure, and the formed ultrafine powder particles are separated from the carrier gas. The ultrafine powder particles are collected as products, and the carrier gas is discharged or recycled.

Optionally, step S4 is also included after step S4. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas and enter the second jet cooling structure, passing through the cooling air nozzle provided inside the second jet cooling structure or provided in the second jet cooling structure. The jet pipe at the axial centerline performs jet cooling to the central area of the channel inside the second jet cooling structure.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention uses a specific structure to precisely control each stage of the ultrafine powder particle forming process, including temperature field control, velocity field control, and control of the connections between each structure. The steam flowing through the structure is used to uniformly pass through each subject. The controlled position provides stable and controllable conditions for the formation of ultrafine powder particles. The formed particles have uniform particle size, stable morphology, and good dispersion.

The technical content of the present invention will be described in detail through examples below. The following examples are only exemplary and can only be used to explain and illustrate the technical content of the present invention, but cannot be interpreted as limiting the technical content of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", The directions or positional relationships indicated by "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have specific characteristics. orientation, construction and operation in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or indicating implies relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

This structure is used to prepare ultrafine powder particles, including but not limited to metal ultrafine powder particles. In the following examples, the preparation of metal ultrafine powder particles is taken as an example for explanation, but this structure is not limited to be only used for the preparation of metal ultrafine powder particles.

When using the evaporation and condensation gas phase method to prepare nanoscale, submicron or micron level microscopic particle powders, a particle aggregation cooling tube structure and particle forming method are used. The structure of the particle aggregation cooling pipe is a channel. Each interface connection mode is designed in the channel to connect various parts. Each stage of the particle forming process is accurately controlled through a specific structure, including temperature field control, velocity field control, and the control of each structure. The internal connection is controlled by using the steam flowing through it to evenly pass through each controlled part, providing stable and controllable conditions for particle forming and creating conditions for microscopic particle forming. Let the substance to be prepared change from gaseous state to liquid state, liquid state to solid state, gaseous states collide with each other and condense into smaller liquid nuclei, smaller liquid nuclei collide with each other to become larger droplets, or gaseous state collides with smaller liquid nuclei to form larger ones. Large droplets, larger droplets continue to collide with each other and grow up or solidify into solid particles. Smaller liquid cores combine with solid particles to form larger solid particles or become core-shell structures. Gas and solid particles combine to form larger solid particles or become nuclei. Shell structure, solid particles continue to cool, thereby preparing particles with the desired particle size and morphology. The formed particles have uniform particle size, stable morphology and good dispersion.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure, which is provided in an ultrafine powder particle preparation system. In the ultrafine powder particle preparation system of the present invention, it also includes a heat source provided in a high-temperature evaporator. A heating system, a feeding system that provides raw materials to the high-temperature evaporator, a circulating cooling system that provides cooling, an air source or circulating air system that provides current carrying and cooling, and a pressure balance system that provides pressure balance control. The above-mentioned parts are all existing technologies, and their connection relationships or structures are not improved in the present invention. Therefore, detailed description is not provided in the present invention, and it can be obtained through prior patent documents.

At the same time, the present invention also provides functional sections inside a superfine powder particle agglomeration cooling tube structure. The cross-sectional shape, diameter size, etc. of each functional section can be set to the same, similar, deformed, or variable diameter as needed, as long as The connection of each functional segment can be designed according to needs. At the same time, the length of each functional segment can be selected as needed and does not affect the implementation of the technical content of the present invention. Each functional segment can also be a multi-segment splicing or each part of the overall structure, which can be adjusted according to actual needs (such as site, production volume, etc.) and is not intended to limit or improve the technical content of the present invention.

The focus of the present invention is the collective cooling pipe structure provided between the high-temperature evaporator and the collection structure, including a sequentially connected air outlet and return structure 1, a garbage return structure or a garbage collection structure 2, a particle forming control structure 3, and a first jet Cooling structure 4, bend pipe direction changing material distribution structure 5 and second jet cooling structure 6.

Among them, the front end of the air outlet and return structure 1 is connected to the air outlet of the inner cavity 7 in the front high-temperature evaporator, and the second jet cooling structure 6 is connected to the collection structure 8 .

The interior of the gas outlet and return flow structure 1 at least includes a first channel for high-temperature steam to enter, and a shell of the gas outlet and return flow structure 1 is provided outside the first channel. An insulation structure is provided between the first channel and the outer shell of the air outlet and return flow structure 1, and a reinforcement structure or heating equipment is provided outside the first channel. The outer shell of the air outlet and return flow structure 1 is a jacket structure, and the inside of the jacket structure passes through Circulating coolant. The first channel is made of a material that does not react physically or/and chemically with the material to be prepared. The temperature inside the gas outlet and reflow structure 1 is controlled by thermal insulation or heating to be higher than the melting point of the ultrafine powder particle material to be prepared.

The garbage return structure or garbage collection structure 2 includes at least a second channel inside. The front end of the second channel is connected to the first channel, and the rear end is connected to the inner cavity of the particle forming control structure 3 . While ensuring the passage of gas, the garbage in the upper pipes or channels is melted into liquid and then refluxed, or the garbage in the upper pipes or channels is collected into a garbage storage bucket to prevent obstruction of the passage of gas in the channel. An insulation or heating device is provided on the outside of the second channel. The insulation or heating device controls the temperature inside the garbage return structure 2 to be higher than the melting point of the required preparation material, or the temperature in the ventilation channel of the garbage collection structure 2 to be higher than the required temperature. The melting point of the material to be prepared should be lower than the temperature in the garbage storage bin.

The front end of the inner cavity of the particle forming control structure 3 is connected to the second channel, the rear end of the inner cavity is connected to the first jet cooling structure 4, and an ultrafine powder particle forming area is provided inside. The ultrafine powder particle forming area is a channel structure, which is the main place for particle forming control. A thermal insulation, heating or cooling structure is provided inside the particle forming control structure 3 to indirectly control the temperature of the ultrafine powder particle forming area through heat conduction or heat radiation. The speed of the particles passing through the ultrafine particle forming area with the carrier gas is controlled by the carrier gas velocity and the cross-sectional size of the ultrafine powder particle forming area, providing stable and controllable conditions for particle forming.

The particle forming control structure 3 includes an outer shell structure, a middle insulation layer and an inner heat conduction layer.

The outer shell structure is a jacket structure, and the jacket structure is used for circulation cooling.

The middle insulation layer has a single-layer or multi-layer structure.

The inner thermal conductive layer forms a thermally insulated channel, that is, the ultrafine powder particle forming area, and is used to indirectly control the temperature of the material circulating in the channel through thermal conduction or thermal radiation.

Through the particle forming control structure 3, the substance to be prepared is changed from gaseous state to liquid state, and liquid state to solid state. The gaseous states collide with each other and condense into smaller liquid nuclei, and the smaller liquid nuclei collide with each other to form larger liquid droplets or gaseous and larger droplets. Small liquid nuclei collide and form larger droplets. Larger droplets continue to collide with each other and grow up or solidify into solid particles. Smaller liquid nuclei combine with solid particles to form larger solid particles or form a core-shell structure. Gas and solid particles combine to form Larger solid particles may become core-shell structures, and the solid particles continue to cool, thereby preparing particles with the desired particle size and morphology.

The first air jet cooling structure 4 at least includes an internal third channel. The front end of the first air jet cooling structure 4 is connected to the ultrafine powder particle forming area, and the rear end is connected to the elbow diverting material distribution structure 5 . A porous inner layer plate is provided in the third channel, and cooling gas is evenly sprayed into the third channel from the periphery to prevent the formed particles from agglomeration due to high temperature.

The bent tube direction changing material distribution structure 5 includes a direction changing cavity, and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are connected to the direction changing cavity, where the air inlet pipe is connected to the third channel, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the collection or cooling structure connection. The angle between the axial centerline of the air inlet pipe and the axial centerline of the air outlet pipe is 30º to 150º.

The cooling structure connected to the air outlet pipe is a second jet cooling structure 6, and the second jet cooling structure 6 at least includes an internal fourth channel. The front end of the fourth channel is connected to the air outlet pipe of the elbow bending material distribution structure 5 , and the rear end is connected to the collection structure 8 .

There are 1 to 12 blow holes of 5 to 50 mm in the fourth channel for blow cooling to the central area of the fourth channel. Alternatively, a porous jet pipe is provided at the axial centerline of the fourth channel.

The present invention also provides a method for forming ultrafine powder particles, using any of the above ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structures, including the following steps:

S1. The material to be prepared as ultrafine powder particles is added to the high-temperature evaporator. The heated and evaporated material vapor is mixed with the carrier gas to form a mixed gas, and then enters the air outlet and return flow structure from the air outlet of the high-temperature evaporator. The air outlet is controlled by insulation or heating. The internal temperature of the reflow structure is higher than the melting point of the material to be prepared.

S2. After passing through the gas outlet and return flow structure, the garbage return flow structure or the garbage collection structure, the mixed gas enters the particle forming control structure. In the ultrafine powder particle forming area within the particle forming control structure, it passes through the insulation structure or heating structure or cooling structure. The structure indirectly controls the temperature of each part of the ultrafine powder particle forming area through heat conduction or thermal radiation, and controls the speed of particles passing through various internal areas with the carrier gas through the carrier gas velocity and pipeline cross-sectional size, providing stable and controllable conditions for particle forming. Let the substance to be prepared change from gaseous state to liquid state, liquid state to solid state, gaseous states collide with each other and condense into smaller liquid nuclei, smaller liquid nuclei collide with each other and form larger droplets, or gaseous state collides with smaller liquid nuclei and form larger droplets. Large droplets, larger droplets continue to collide with each other and grow up or solidify into solid particles. Smaller liquid cores combine with solid particles to form larger solid particles or become core-shell structures. Gas and solid particles combine to form larger solid particles or become nuclei. Shell structure, solid particles continue to cool, thereby preparing particles with the desired particle size and morphology.

In the technical content of the present invention, a smaller liquid core is only a relative concept and does not refer to a specific size. Similarly, a larger droplet is also a relative concept and does not refer to a specific size. Therefore, it is not necessary to specify the specific size of the liquid core as the smaller liquid core and the specific size of the droplet as the larger droplet.

S3. The particles with the desired particle size and morphology prepared in step S2 are carried by the carrier gas into the first jet cooling structure, and the cooling gas is evenly sprayed from the periphery into the internal channel through the porous inner layer plate, and the cooling gas is sprayed into the inner channel through the porous inner layer plate, and the The high-temperature gas and the formed particles are mixed and cooled.

S4. The cooled particles are carried by the carrier gas and enter the bending tube distribution structure to separate the defective particles from the good particles. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas and move to the next process. The defective particles are The particles converge towards the garbage return structure or the garbage collection structure.

S41. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas and enter the interior of the second jet cooling structure, passing through the cooling air nozzle provided inside the second jet cooling structure or the jet tube provided at the axial centerline of the second jet cooling structure. Jet cooling is performed to the central area of the channel inside the second jet cooling structure.

S5. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas into the collection structure, and the formed ultrafine powder particles are separated from the carrier gas. The ultrafine powder particles are collected as products, and the carrier gas is discharged or recycled.

The collected, cooled and formed particles are collected into products, and the carrier gas is discharged or recycled.

Through the cooperation and connection of the above-mentioned structures, the front high-temperature evaporator, the rear collection and cooling structure, the heating system that provides heat sources in the high-temperature evaporator, the feeding system that provides raw materials in front of the high-temperature evaporator, and provides cooling The circulating cooling system, the air source or circulating air system that provides current carrying and cooling, and the pressure balance system that provides pressure balance control work together to complete the continuous cycle industrial production process of particle aggregation, cooling and shaping, and prepare particles with uniform particle size, stable morphology, Well-dispersed nano, sub-micron or micron-sized powders.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. Variations, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

1: Air outlet and return structure 2: Garbage return structure or garbage collection structure 3: Particle forming control structure 4: First jet cooling structure 5: Elbow pipe direction changing material distribution structure 6: Second jet cooling structure 7: Inner cavity in high temperature evaporator 8: Collection structure

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure of the present invention.

without.

1: Air outlet and return structure

2: Garbage return structure or garbage collection structure

3: Particle forming control structure

4: First jet cooling structure

5: Elbow pipe direction changing material distribution structure

6: Second jet cooling structure

7: Inner cavity in high temperature evaporator

8: Collection structure

Claims (9)

An ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure is provided in an ultrafine powder particle preparation system and includes an air outlet and return flow structure, a garbage return flow structure or garbage collection structure and a particle forming control structure connected in sequence; the air outlet and return flow structure The front end of the particle forming control structure is connected to a high-temperature evaporator, and the rear end of the particle forming control structure is connected to a collection or cooling structure. An ultrafine powder particle forming area is provided inside the particle forming control structure. There is an insulation, heating or cooling structure inside the control structure, which indirectly controls the temperature of the ultrafine powder particle forming area through heat conduction or thermal radiation, and controls the passage of the particles with the carrier gas through the carrier gas velocity and the cross-sectional size of the ultrafine powder particle forming area. The speed of the ultrafine powder particle forming area; the ultrafine powder particle preparation system also includes a heating system provided in the high-temperature evaporator to provide a heat source, a feeding system to provide raw materials to the high-temperature evaporator, and a cooling cycle to provide cooling system, an air source or circulating air system that provides current carrying and cooling, a pressure balance system that provides pressure balance control, a first jet cooling structure and an elbow change direction material distribution structure. The ultrafine powder particle agglomeration cooling tube structure of claim 1, wherein the front end of the air outlet and return flow structure is connected to the air outlet of the high-temperature evaporator, and the interior of the air outlet and return flow structure at least includes a first outlet for high-temperature steam to enter. channel, and a heat preservation or heating device is provided on the outside of the first channel. The ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure of claim 2, wherein the interior of the garbage return structure or garbage collection structure includes at least a second channel, the front end of the second channel is connected to the first channel, and the rear end is connected to the first channel. The inner cavity of the particle forming control structure is connected, and a heat preservation or heating device is provided on the outside of the second channel. Such as the ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure of claim 3, wherein the front end of the inner cavity of the particle forming control structure is connected to the second channel, and the rear end of the inner cavity is connected to the collection or cooling structure. The ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure of claim 4, wherein the rear end of the particle forming control structure also includes the first jet cooling structure and the elbow change direction material distribution structure; the first jet cooling structure It includes at least an internal third channel, the front end of which is connected to the ultrafine powder particle forming area, and the rear end of which is connected to the elbow direction changing material distribution structure. A porous inner layer plate is provided outside the third channel, from the periphery to the third channel. Cooling gas is sprayed evenly into the three channels. Such as the ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure of claim 5, wherein the bending tube direction changing material distribution structure includes a direction changing cavity, and an air inlet duct and an air outlet duct are connected to the direction changing cavity, wherein the The air inlet pipe is connected to the third channel, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the collection or cooling structure; the angle between the axial center line of the air inlet pipe and the axial center line of the air outlet pipe is 30° to 150°. The ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling tube structure of claim 6, wherein the cooling structure connected to the air outlet pipe is a second jet cooling structure, and the second jet cooling structure at least includes an internal fourth channel, and the third jet cooling structure The front end of the four channels is connected to the air outlet pipe of the elbow-changing material distribution structure, and the rear end is connected to the collection or cooling structure; 1 to 12 5 to 50 mm jet holes are provided in the fourth channel for injecting air into the fourth channel. The central area of the fourth channel is air-jet cooled; or, a porous air-jet pipe is provided at the axial centerline of the fourth channel. A method for forming ultrafine powder particles, using an ultrafine powder particle aggregation cooling pipe structure as in any one of claims 1 to 7, including the following steps: S1. The material to be prepared for ultrafine powder particles is added into a high-temperature evaporator, and heated The evaporated material vapor is mixed with the carrier gas to form a mixed gas and enters a gas outlet and reflux structure from the outlet of the high-temperature evaporator. The internal temperature of the gas outlet and reflux structure is controlled to be higher than the melting point of the material to be prepared through insulation or heating; S2 . After the mixed gas passes through the gas outlet and return structure, a garbage return structure or a garbage collection structure, it enters a particle forming control structure, and an ultrafine powder particle is formed in the particle forming control structure. area, through an insulation structure or a heating structure or a cooling structure, the temperature of each part of the ultrafine powder particle forming area is indirectly controlled through heat conduction or thermal radiation, and the particles are controlled to pass through the interior with the carrier gas through the carrier gas speed and pipeline cross-sectional size. The speed of each region provides stable and controllable conditions for particle formation, allowing the material to be prepared to change from gaseous to liquid, liquid to solid, gases collide with each other and condense into smaller liquid nuclei, and smaller liquid nuclei collide with each other to form larger particles. Large liquid droplets or gases collide with smaller liquid nuclei to form larger droplets. Larger droplets continue to collide with each other and grow up or solidify into solid particles. Smaller liquid nuclei combine with solid particles to form larger solid particles or form a core-shell structure. , the gaseous and solid particles combine to form larger solid particles or form a core-shell structure, and the solid particles continue to cool, thereby preparing particles with the desired particle size and morphology; S3, the desired particle size and morphology prepared in step S2 The particles are carried by the carrier gas and enter the interior of a first jet cooling structure. The cooling gas is evenly sprayed from the periphery into the internal channel of the first jet cooling structure through a porous inner layer plate, and the incoming high-temperature gas and The formed particles are mixed and cooled; S4. The cooled particles are carried by the carrier gas and enter an elbow-changing material distribution structure to separate the defective particles from the good particles. The good particles are carried by the carrier gas. Move downward to the next process, and the defective particles converge toward the garbage return structure or the garbage collection structure; S5, the good particles enter a collection structure under the carrier gas, and the formed ultrafine powder particles are separated from the carrier gas, in which the ultrafine powder The particles are collected as product and the carrier gas is discharged or recycled. The ultrafine powder particle forming method of claim 8, wherein after step S4, it also includes step S41, in which the good particles are carried by the carrier gas into a second jet cooling structure, and are disposed inside the second jet cooling structure. A cooling air nozzle or a jet pipe arranged at the axial centerline of the second jet cooling structure performs jet cooling to the central area of the internal channel of the second jet cooling structure.