TWI782056B - 具有mgat2抑制活性的縮合環衍生物 - Google Patents
具有mgat2抑制活性的縮合環衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI782056B TWI782056B TW107124096A TW107124096A TWI782056B TW I782056 B TWI782056 B TW I782056B TW 107124096 A TW107124096 A TW 107124096A TW 107124096 A TW107124096 A TW 107124096A TW I782056 B TWI782056 B TW I782056B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種具有單醯基甘油醯基轉移酶2(monoacylglycerol acyltransferase,以下亦稱為MGAT2)抑制作用之化合物、或其製藥上容許之鹽及含有其之醫藥組成物。
肥胖被定義為相對於除去脂肪之體重,體內蓄積有過剩之脂肪或脂肪組織的狀態,被認為係健康問題之主要風險因子。身體質量指數(BMI)為將成人(15歲以上)之集團或個人分類為體重超重或肥胖時,所共同使用的身高體重比之單純指數。身體質量指數(BMI)被定義為:將以公斤表示之體重除以用公尺表示之身高的平方(kg/m2)。世界保健機關將BMI為25kg/m2以上定義為「體重超重」,將30kg/m2以上定義為「肥胖」。另一方面,日本肥胖學會將BMI為25kg/m2以上定義為「肥胖」。因為,包含糖尿病或脂質異常症的肥胖相關疾病之數目因應BMI而增加,再者,該疾病之數目之平均值於BMI為25kg/m2時成為1.0以上之故。根據世界保健機關於2005年之調査, 全世界中有約16億人體重超重,其中至少4億人為肥胖。肥胖主要係由於卡路里攝取相對於身體活動或日常生活消耗之比率增加所導致。藉由近年來含有高脂肪、高糖分之食物的攝取增加,肥胖人數增加,預估2015年全世界中有7億人以上被診斷為肥胖。在此等之治療方面,係進行飲食療法、運動療法、藥物療法等。在藥物療法方面,可使用奧利司他(orlistat)、美新達(mazindol)、西布曲明(sibutramine)等藥物,然而沒有能夠滿足藥效與副作用兩方面者。
肥胖症之原因有中性脂肪之過度攝取。從飲食攝取到的中性脂肪(三甘油),於消化管內,藉由胰脂肪酶分解為2-單醯基甘油及游離脂肪酸後,被小腸上皮細胞吸收。藉由單醯基甘油醯基轉移酶(MGAT),游離脂肪酸之醯基被轉移至2-單醯基甘油。所生成之二醯基甘油進一步藉由二醯基甘油醯基轉移酶(DGAT)轉變成中性脂肪。
MGAT係被鑑定出MGAT1、MGAT2及MGAT3三種亞型。其中,MGAT2及MGAT3於小腸中高度表現,研判其參與小腸中之脂肪吸收。
藉由使用MGAT2基因剔除小鼠進行之實驗,已報導由於高脂肪飲食負荷,將使小腸中之MGAT2的表現亢進,MGAT活性上升(非專利文獻1)。再者,在MGAT2基因剔除小鼠中,已確認因高脂肪飲食負荷所造成的體重增加之抑制、胰島素抗性引發之抑制、血中膽固醇上升之抑制、脂肪肝形成等之抑制、能量消耗之亢進(非專利文獻2)。
迄今為止,雖然已報導具有MGAT2抑制活性之化合物(專利文獻1至19、非專利文獻3至13),然而並未揭示下文所示之本發明之化合物。
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2010/095767號
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2012/091010號
[專利文獻3]國際公開第2012/124744號
[專利文獻4]國際公開第2013/082345號
[專利文獻5]國際公開第2013/112323號
[專利文獻6]國際公開第2013/116065號
[專利文獻7]國際公開第2013/116075號
[專利文獻8]國際公開第2014/074365號
[專利文獻9]國際公開第2014/133134號
[專利文獻10]國際公開第2014/193884號
[專利文獻11]日本特開2014-5245號
[專利文獻12]日本特開2014-9165號
[專利文獻13]國際公開第2015/112465號
[專利文獻14]國際公開第2015/129845號
[專利文獻15]國際公開第2015/134699號
[專利文獻16]國際公開第2015/134701號
[專利文獻17]國際公開第2015/191681號
[專利文獻18]國際公開第2016/121782號
[專利文獻19]國際公開第2017/069224號
[非專利文獻1] Journal of Biological Chemistry (2004), 279, 18878-18886
[非專利文獻2] Nature Medicine (2009), 15, (4), 442-446
[非專利文獻3] Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letter (2013), 23, 2721-2726
[非專利文獻4] Med. Chem. Commun (2013), 4, 1305-1311
[非專利文獻5] Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letter (2015), 23, 5922-5931
[非專利文獻6] Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letter (2015), 23, 4544-4560
[非專利文獻7] Journal of Lipid Research 2015, 56, 747-753
[非專利文獻8] European Journal of Pharmacology, 2015, 758, 72-81
[非專利文獻9] Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2015), 58, 3892-3909
[非專利文獻10] HETEROCYCLES 2016, 92, 470-484
[非專利文獻11] Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2016, 64, 228-238
[非專利文獻12] European Journal of Pharmacology, 2016, 791, 569-577
[非專利文獻13] Analytical Biochemistry, 2016, 501, 48-55
本發明之目的為提供一種具有MGAT2抑制作用之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽,及含有此等之醫藥組成物。
本發明人等專心研究之結果,成功地合成具有MGAT2抑制作用之優良化合物。亦即,本發明係關於下述。
[1]一種式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽,
(式中,式:
所示之部分為
X為C(=O);R1為氫;R2a為式:
(式中,環C為苯或吡啶;R5各自獨立地為鹵素、鹵烷基、鹵烷氧基、可經鹵素或鹵烷基取代之非芳香族碳環式基、或可經鹵素或鹵烷基取代之非芳香族雜環式基,n為1至3之整數);R2b為烷基、或鹵烷基;R2a及R2b亦可與鄰接之碳原子一起形成環B,環B為式:
(式中,R6各自獨立地為鹵素、鹵烷基、鹵烷氧基、可經鹵素或鹵烷基取代之非芳香族碳環式基、或可經鹵素或鹵烷基取代之非芳香族雜環式基,R14a及R14b各自獨立地為氫或鹵素,n為1至3之整數);R3a為氫,R3b為氫;R4a為羧基或式:
L3為單鍵或伸烷基,R7為氫、鹵素、烷基磺醯基、可經側氧基取代之非芳香族雜環式基、可經烷基取代之非芳香族碳環磺醯基、或式:-S(=O)(=N-H)-RS1,RS1為烷基;R4b為可經取代基群α取代之烷基、可經取代基群β取代之芳香族碳環式基、或可經取代基群β取代之芳香族雜環式基,取代基群α為鹵素、鹵烷氧基、及非芳香族碳環, 取代基群β為鹵素、氰基、烷基、鹵烷基、及烷氧基)。
[4]如前述[1]記載之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽,其係選自化合物I-8、I-10、I-12、I-23、I-24、I-34、I-67、I-170、I-190、I-212、I-236、I-253、I-275、I-276、II-93、II-94、II-103、II-121、II-151、II-168、II-174、II-203、II-225、II-233、II-270、II-276及II-295所構成之群組。
[5]如前述[1]記載之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽,其係選自化合物I-9、I-72、I-97、I-100、I-104、I-110、I-122、I-131、I-133、I-163、I-167、I-168、I-186、I-193、I-200、I-242、I-280、I-284、II-67、II-72、II-87、II-137、II-147、 II-201、II-202、II-214、II-238、II-262、II-273及II-274所構成之群組。
[6]一種醫藥組成物,其含有前述[1]至[5]中任一項記載之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽。
[7]如前述[6]記載之醫藥組成物,其具有MGAT2抑制作用。
[8]如前述[6]或[7]記載之醫藥組成物,其係使用於MGAT2相關疾病的治療或預防。
[9]如前述[8]記載之醫藥組成物,其係使用於肥胖症、代謝症候群、高脂血症、高中性脂肪血症、高VLDL血症、高脂肪酸血症、糖尿病或動脈硬化症之治療或預防。
[10]一種MGAT2相關疾病的治療或預防方法,其特徵為投予前述[1]至[5]中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上容許之鹽。
[11]如前述[1]至[5]中任一項記載之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽,其係用於MGAT2相關疾病的治療或預防。
[12]一種前述[1]至[5]中任一項記載之化合物、或其製藥上容許之鹽之用途,其係用於MGAT2相關疾病的治療或預防。
本發明之化合物係具有MGAT2抑制作用,在作為肥胖症、代謝症候群、高脂血症、高中性脂肪血症、高VLDL血症、高脂肪酸血症、糖尿病或動脈硬化症之預防劑、及/或治療劑上有用。
以下,說明本說明書中所用的各術語之意義。各術語只要未特別預先聲明,在單獨使用之情況,或與其他術語組合使用之情況,均以相同意義使用。
所謂「構成」之術語,意指只具有構成要件。
所謂「包含」之術語,意指不限定於構成要件,不排除未記載之要素。
「鹵素」包含氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、及碘原子。特佳為氟原子及氯原子。
「烷基」包含碳數1至15,較佳為碳數1至10,更佳為碳數1至6,進一步更佳為碳數1至4之直鏈或分枝狀之烴基。可列舉例如:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基、異己基、正庚基、異庚基、正辛基、異辛基、正壬基、正癸基等。
就「烷基」之較佳態樣而言,可列舉甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基。就進一步更佳態樣而言,可列舉甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、第三丁基。
「伸烷基」包含碳數1至15,較佳為碳數1至10,更佳為碳數1至6,進一步更佳為碳數1至4之直鏈或分枝狀的2價烴基。可列舉例如:亞甲基、伸乙基、 伸丙基、四亞甲基、五亞甲基、六亞甲基等。
「芳香族碳環式基」意指單環或2環以上之環狀芳香族烴基。可列舉例如:苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基等。
就「芳香族碳環式基」之較佳態樣而言,可舉出苯基。
「非芳香族碳環式基」意指單環或2環以上之環狀飽和烴基或環狀非芳香族不飽和烴基。2環以上之「非芳香族碳環式基」亦包含於單環或2環以上之非芳香族碳環式基縮合有上述「芳香族碳環式基」中之環者。
再者,「非芳香族碳環式基」亦包含如下述之交聯之基、或形成螺環之基。
就單環之非芳香族碳環式基而言,較佳為碳數3至16,更佳為碳數3至12,進一步更佳為碳數4至8。可列舉例如:環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、環丙烯基、環丁烯基、環戊烯基、環己烯基、環庚烯基、環己二烯基等。
就2環以上之非芳香族碳環式基而言,較佳為碳數8至20,更佳為碳數8至16。例如,二氫茚基、茚基、苊萘基、四氫萘基、茀基等。
「芳香族雜環式基」意指環內具有1個以上任意地選自O、S及N之相同或相異之雜原子的單環或 2環以上芳香族環式基。2環以上之芳香族雜環式基亦包含於單環或2環以上之芳香族雜環式基縮合有上述「芳香族碳環式基」中之環者。
就單環之芳香族雜環式基而言,較佳為5至8員為,更佳為5員或6員。可列舉例如:吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、三唑基、三基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、異唑基、唑基、二唑基、異噻唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基等。
就2環之芳香族雜環式基而言,較佳為8至10員,更佳為9員或10員。可列舉例如:吲哚基、異吲哚基、吲唑基、吲基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、啉基、呔基、喹唑啉基、啶基、喹喏啉基、嘌呤基、喋啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并異唑基、苯并唑基、苯并二唑基、苯并異噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并呋喃基、異苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并三唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基、咪唑并噻唑基、吡并嗒基、唑并吡啶基、噻唑并吡啶基等。
「非芳香族雜環式基」意指環內具有1個以上任意地選自O、S及N之相同或相異之雜原子的單環或2環以上之環狀非芳香族環式基。2環以上之非芳香族雜環式基亦包含在單環或2環以上之非芳香族雜環式基縮 合有上述「芳香族碳環式基」、「非芳香族碳環式基」及/或「芳香族雜環式基」中之各個環者,再者,亦包含在單環或2環以上之非芳香族碳環式基縮合有上述「芳香族雜環式基」中之環者。
再者,「非芳香族雜環式基」亦包含如下述之交聯之基、或形成螺環之基。
就單環之非芳香族雜環式基而言,較佳為3至8員,更佳為5員或6員。可列舉例如:二烷基、硫雜環丙基、氧雜環丙基、氧雜環丁基、氧硫雜環戊基、氮雜環丁基、噻吩基、噻唑啶基、吡咯啶基、吡咯啉基、咪唑啶基、咪唑啉基、吡唑啶基、吡唑啉基、哌啶基、哌基、嗎啉基、N-嗎啉基、硫嗎啉基、N-硫嗎啉基、二氫吡啶基、四氫吡啶基、四氫呋喃基、四氫吡喃基、二氫噻唑基、四氫噻唑基、四氫異噻唑基、二氫、六氫氮呯基、四氫二氮呯基、四氫嗒基、六氫嘧啶基、二氧雜環戊基、二、氮丙啶基、二氧雜環戊烯基、氧雜環庚基、四氫噻吩基、硫雜環己二烯基、噻基等。
「可經取代基群α取代」意指任意位置之碳原子、氮原子或硫原子可與選自取代基群α的1個以上之基鍵結。又,「可經取代基群β取代」亦相同。
本發明之化合物的特徴為藉由在式(I)之二氫吡啶酮等單環上縮合環A,而具有MGAT2抑制作用之點。又,就其他特徴而言,為藉由在二氫吡啶酮等單環上縮合環A,而可避免烯酮結構,抑制毒性之點。
式(I)所示之化合物不是限定於特定之異構物者,包含全部可能之異構物(例如,酮-烯醇異構物、亞胺-烯胺異構物、非鏡像異構物、光學異構物、旋轉異構物等)、消旋體或此等之混合物。
式(I)所示之化合物的一個以上氫、碳及/或其他原子,可分別被氫、碳及/或其他原子之同位素置換。就如此之同位素之例而言,分別包含如2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F、123I及36Cl之氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、碘及氯。式(I)所示之化合物亦包含經此種同位素置換之化合物。該經同位素置換之化合物亦可用作為醫藥品,包含式(I)所示之化合物的全部放射性標識體。又,用以製造該「放射性標識體」之「放射性標識化方法」亦包含於本發明中,該「放射性標識體」可用作為代謝藥物動態研究、結合檢定中之研究及/或診斷之工具。
式(I)所示之化合物的放射性標識體可利用該技術領域中周知之方法調製。例如,式(I)所示之氚標識 化合物可藉由使用氚之觸媒性脫鹵化反應,於式(I)所示之特定化合物中導入氚而調製。此方法包含在適當的觸媒,例如Pd/C的存在下,於鹼存在或不存在下,使式(I)所示之化合物經鹵素適當地取代而成的前驅物與氚氣反應。用以調製氚標識化合物之其他適當方法可參照“Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Sciences,Vol.1,Labeled Compounds(Part A),Chapter 6(1987年)”。14C-標識化合物可藉由使用具有14C碳之原料而調製。
就式(I)所示之化合物的製藥上容許之鹽而言,可列舉例如:式(I)所示之化合物與鹼金屬(例如,鋰、鈉、鉀等)、鹼土金屬(例如,鈣、鋇等)、鎂、過渡金屬(例如,鋅、鐵等)、氨、有機鹼(例如,三甲基胺、三乙基胺、二環己基胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、葡甲胺、伸乙基二胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、喹啉等)及胺基酸之鹽、或與無機酸(例如,鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、碳酸、氫溴酸、磷酸、氫碘酸等)、及有機酸(例如,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、草酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、扁桃酸、戊二酸、蘋果酸、苯甲酸、酞酸、抗壞血酸、苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸等)之鹽。尤其可列舉與鹽酸、硫酸、磷酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸之鹽等。此等鹽可依照通常進行之方法形成。
本發明之式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽有形成溶劑合物(例如,水合物等)、共結晶及/或結晶多形的情況,本發明亦包含如此之各種溶劑合物、共結 晶及結晶多形。「溶劑合物」亦可指對於式(I)所示之化合物,與任意數之溶劑分子(例如,水分子等)配位。藉由將式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽放置於大氣中,吸收水分,有附著吸附水之情況,或形成水合物之情況。又,藉由將式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽進行再結晶,有形成結晶多形之情況。「共結晶」意指式(I)所示之化合物或鹽與相對分子(counter molecular)存在於同一結晶格子內,亦可形成任意數之相對分子。
本發明之式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽有形成前藥(prodrug)之情況,本發明亦包含如此之各種前藥。前藥為具有能化學性或代謝性分解之基的本發明化合物之衍生物,藉由加溶劑分解或於生理學條件下,在活體(in vivo)中形成藥學上活性之本發明化合物的化合物。前藥包含在生體內之生理條件下接受酵素氧化、還原、水解等而轉化為式(I)所示之化合物的化合物、及藉由胃酸等進行水解而轉化為式(I)所示之化合物的化合物等。選擇適當前藥衍生物的方法及製造方法係例如記載於“Design of Prodrugs,Elsevier,Amsterdam,1985”。前藥有本身亦具有活性之情況。
式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽具有羥基時,例如,可例示藉由使具有羥基之化合物與適當的醯鹵化物、適當的酸酐、適當的磺醯氯、適當的磺酸酐及混合酸酐反應,或使用縮合劑進行反應,而製造之如醯氧基衍生物或磺醯氧基衍生物的前藥。可列舉例如: CH3COO-、C2H5COO-、tert-BuCOO-、C15H31COO-、PhCOO-、(m-NaOOCPh)COO-、NaOOCCH2CH2COO-、CH3CH(NH2)COO-、CH2N(CH3)2COO-、CH3SO3-、CH3CH2SO3-、CF3SO3-、CH2FSO3-、CF3CH2SO3-、p-CH3O-PhSO3-、PhSO3-、p-CH3PhSO3-。
(本發明化合物之製造法)
本發明之式(I)所示之化合物,例如,可藉由下述所示的一般合成法而製造。萃取、精製等只要是進行利用通常有機化學之實驗進行的處理即可。
本發明之化合物可參考該領域中周知之手法並合成。
(一般合成法1)
本發明之式(I)所示之化合物(下述a5),可依照例如下述之製法而製造。
(式中,X1為氯、溴、碘、三氟甲磺酸鹽;X2為氯、溴、碘;其他各記號與前述相同意義)
藉由使化合物a1與化合物a2及鹼反應,可得到化合物a3。
就鹼而言,可列舉三乙基胺、二異丙基乙基胺、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸銫、碳酸鉀等。
反應溫度為0℃至100℃。
反應時間為1小時至10小時。
就反應溶劑而言,可列舉甲醇、乙醇、四氫呋喃等。
藉由使化合物a3與氯化銅或溴化銅等鹵化劑及酸和亞硝酸鈉等水溶液反應,可得到化合物a4。
就酸而言,可列舉鹽酸或乙酸等。
反應溫度為0℃至100℃。
反應時間為1小時至10小時。
藉由在金屬觸媒及鹼存在下,使化合物a4與硼酸、硼酸酯或三烷基錫烷等反應,可得到化合物a5。
就金屬觸媒而言,可列舉乙酸鈀、雙(二亞苄基丙酮)鈀、肆(三苯基膦)鈀、雙(三苯基膦)鈀(II)二氯化物、雙(三-第三丁基膦)鈀等,相對於化合物a4,可使用0.001至0.5莫耳當量。
就鹼而言,可列舉氫氧化鋰、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、第三丁醇鉀、第三丁醇鈉、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鈉、磷酸鈉、磷酸氫鈉、磷酸鉀、磷酸氫鉀等,相對於化合物a4,可使用1至10莫耳當量。
硼酸、硼酸酯或三烷基錫烷等,相對於化合物a4,可使用1至10莫耳當量。
反應溫度為在20℃至溶劑之回流溫度,視情況,於微波照射下之溫度進行。
反應時間為0.1至48小時,較佳為0.5小時至12小時。
此外,藉由使胺、亞胺或氰化鉀等與化合物a4反應,可合成在R4a上具有胺、亞胺或氰基等之化合物a5。
又,R4a為羰基胺基、磺醯基胺基等時,可藉由將各種官能基附加在化合物a3上而合成。
(其他法)
上述化合物a3可藉由例如下述之製法而製造。
(式中,各記號與前述相同意義)
藉由使化合物a1與肼水合物反應,可得到化合物a6。
反應溫度為0℃至100℃。
反應時間為1小時至20小時。
就反應溶劑而言,可列舉甲醇、乙醇、四氫呋喃等。
藉由使化合物a6與鹼及鹵化物等反應,可得到化合物a3。
就鹼而言,可列舉碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸 銫、三乙基胺、二異丙基乙基胺、氫化鈉等。
反應溫度為0℃至100℃。
反應時間為1小時至10小時。
就反應溶劑而言,可列舉四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、二甲基甲醯胺等。
本發明之化合物具有MGAT2抑制作用,可用作為肥胖症、代謝症候群、高脂血症、高中性脂肪血症、高VLDL血症、高脂肪酸血症、糖尿病、動脈硬化症等之預防劑或治療劑。
本發明化合物不僅具有MGAT2抑制作用,亦具備作為醫藥之有用性,具有下述任一項或全部之優良特徴。
a)代謝穩定性高。
b)顯示高溶解性。
c)光毒性之疑慮小。
d)肝毒性之疑慮小。
e)腎毒性之疑慮小。
f)對心血管系統之毒性疑慮小。
g)消化管障礙之疑慮小。
h)藥物相互作用之疑慮小。
i)經口吸收性高。
j)清除率小。
k)移行至標的組織之移行性高。
l)酵素活性強。
m)藥物代謝酵素之誘導少。
n)藥效強。
o)MGAT2抑制作用之選擇性高。
p)化學穩定性高。
本發明之醫藥組成物可藉由經口方式、非經口方式之任一種方法投予。就非經口投予之方法而言,可列舉經皮、皮下、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、腹腔內、經黏膜、吸入、經鼻、點眼、點耳、陰道內投予等。
經口投予時,只要依照常法,調製成內用固形製劑(例如,錠劑、散劑、顆粒劑、膠囊劑、丸劑、薄膜劑等)、內用液劑(例如,懸浮劑、乳劑、酏劑、糖漿劑、檸檬劑、酒精劑、芳香水劑、萃取劑、煎劑、酊劑等)等通常所用之任一種劑型而投予即可。錠劑可為糖衣錠、薄膜包覆錠、腸溶性包覆錠、緩釋錠、片錠、舌下錠、口含錠、咀嚼錠或口腔內崩散錠,散劑及顆粒劑可為乾糖漿,膠囊劑可為軟膠囊劑、微膠囊劑或緩釋性膠囊劑。
非經口投予時,可以注射劑、點滴劑、外用劑(例如,點眼劑、點鼻劑、點耳劑、氣溶膠劑、吸入劑、洗滌劑、注入劑、塗佈劑、漱口劑、浣腸劑、軟膏劑、硬膏劑、果凍劑、乳膏劑、貼附劑、敷劑、外用散劑、栓劑等)等通常所用的任何劑型進行適當地投予。注射劑可為O/W、W/O、O/W/O、W/O/W型等之乳液。
在本發明化合物之有效量因應所要混合適合其劑型之賦形劑、黏合劑、崩散劑、潤滑劑等各種醫藥用添加劑,可形成醫藥組成物。再者,該醫藥組成物亦可 藉由適當地變更本發明化合物之有效量、劑型及/或各種醫藥用添加劑,形成幼兒用、高齡者用、重症患者用或手術用之醫藥組成物。幼兒用醫藥組成物較佳為對12歲或小於15歲之患者投予。又,幼兒用醫藥組成物可對出生後未達27日、出生後28日至23個月、2歲至11歲或12歲至16歲或18歲之患者投予。高齡者用醫藥組成物較佳為對65歲以上之患者投予。
本發明之醫藥組成物之投予量,期望考慮患者之年齡、體重、疾病之種類或程度、投予路徑等方面而設定,經口投予時,通常為0.05至100mg/kg/日,較佳在0.1至10mg/kg/日之範圍內。非經口投予時,依據投予路徑而有較大差異,通常為0.005至10mg/kg/日,較佳在0.01至1mg/kg/日之範圍內。只要將此以1日1次或分為數次投予即可。
併用藥劑之投予量,可以臨床上所用之用量作為基準而適當地選擇。又,本發明化合物與併用藥劑之摻配比,可依據投予對象、投予途徑、對象疾病、症狀、組合等而適當地選擇。例如,在投予對象為人類時,相對於1重量份之本發明化合物,可使用0.01至100重量份之併用藥劑。
本發明之醫藥組成物針對肥胖症(但是,限於同時具有2型糖尿病及脂質異常症,即使進行飲食療法/運動療法,BMI仍為25kg/m2以上之情況)亦有效。
本發明之醫藥組成物對於事先採用飲食療 法及運動療法之效果不充分的高度肥胖症亦有效。
本發明之醫藥組成物亦可與其他抗肥胖藥(含有具有抗肥胖作用之化合物的醫藥組成物、可使用於肥胖症或肥胖症之體重管理等的藥劑)組合使用。例如,藉由將含有具有抗肥胖作用之化合物的醫藥組成物與本發明化合物併用,可使用於肥胖症之預防及/或治療,或肥胖症之體重管理等。又,藉由將含有本發明化合物之醫藥組成物與含有具有抗肥胖作用之化合物的醫藥組成物併用,可用於肥胖症之預防及/或治療或肥胖症之體重管理等。又,本發明之醫藥組成物之投予療法,亦可與飲食療法、藥物療法、運動等組合使用。
本說明書中所用之簡稱表示下述意義。
DIEA:N,N-二異丙基乙基胺
DMA:二甲基乙醯胺
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺
DMSO:二甲基亞碸
HATU:O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸鹽
以下列舉實施例及試驗例,進一步詳細地說明本發明,惟本發明不是受此等所限定者。
實施例1
將已知化合物1(WO2017069224A1)(54.7mg,0.142mmol)溶解於四氫呋喃(1.1mL),於冰冷下添加苯基肼(28μL,0.28mmol),攪拌20分鐘。於冰冷下,在反應液中添加DIEA(50μL,0.28mmol),並於室溫攪拌3小時後,進一步於70℃攪拌1小時。將反應液之溶劑減壓餾去,將所得到之殘餘物藉由管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物2(59.4mg,產率92%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.01-2.10(2H,m),2.17(1H,dt,J=12.8,8.3Hz),2.24-2.39(2H,m),2.49(1H,ddd,J=12.8,7.4,3.8Hz),2.83-3.01(2H,m),2.93(1H,d,J=15.9Hz),3.06(1H,d,J=15.9Hz),4.02(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),5.12(2H,s),5.37(1H,s),6.78(1H,s),6.79(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.29(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.39(1H,t,J=7.3Hz),7.51(2H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.57(2H,d,J=7.5Hz).
將化合物2(44.9mg,98.4μmol)、2-甲磺醯基乙酸(54mg,0.40mmol)、及N,N-二環己基碳化二亞胺(82mg,0.40mmol)懸浮於二氯甲烷(2mL)中,並於室溫攪拌25小時。在反應液中追加N,N-二甲基胺基-4-吡啶(2.4mg,20μmol),並於室溫進一步攪拌4小時。在反應液中追加2-甲磺醯基乙酸(27mg,0.20mmol)及N,N-二環己基碳化二亞胺(41mg,0.20mmol),並於室溫進一步攪拌24小時。將反應液過濾,並減壓餾去濾液之溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製。進一步將得到之固體用二異丙基醚洗淨,得到化合物I-34(36.3mg,產率64%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.95-2.06(2H,m),2.19-2.32(3H,m),2.44-2.54(1H,m),2.90(3H,s),2.91-3.04(2H,m),3.09(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.18(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.88-3.97(2H,m),4.02(1H,d,J=14.3Hz),4.22(1H,d,J=14.3Hz),6.12(1H,s),6.66-6.72(1H,m),6.76-6.79(1H,m),7.18(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),7.35-7.52(5H,m),9.66(1H,s).
實施例2
將化合物1(1.0g,2.60mmol)溶解於乙醇(15mL),添加肼1水合物(0.65ml,13.0mmol),並從室溫至80℃攪拌18小時。室溫下,於反應液中添加碳酸氫鈉水,用氯仿萃取,並以硫酸鈉乾燥。將溶劑減壓餾去,進行懸浮精製(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到化合物3(890mg,產率90%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.01-2.18(m,3H),2.25-2.42(m,3H),2.81-3.02(m,4H),4.00(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),5.49(s,1H),6.75-6.77(m,2H),7.22(d,J=9.0Hz,1H).
將化合物3(100mg,0.24mmol)溶解於二氯甲烷(1.0mL),添加1-溴-2-甲氧基乙烷(66.7mg,0.48mmol)及碳酸銫(313mg,0.96mmol),並於90℃攪拌2小時。室溫下,於反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,並以硫酸鈉乾燥。將溶劑減壓餾去,得到為粗生成物之化合物4。
將化合物4之粗生成物(0.24mmol)溶解於甲苯(1mL)中,於室溫下添加2-(甲磺醯基)乙酸(66.2mg,0.48mmol)及N,N’-二環己基碳化二亞胺(99.0mg,0.48mmol),並攪拌1小時。室溫下、於反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,並以硫酸鈉乾燥。將溶劑減壓餾去,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)及逆相層析精製,得到化合物I-55(30.0mg,2階段產率22%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.01-2.20(m,3H),2.25-2.44(m,3H),2.85-2.97(m,3H),3.09(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),3.30(br-s,3H),3.39(s,3H),3.72(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),3.99(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),4.13(br-s,2H),4.28(br-s,2H),5.68(s,1H),6.77(br-s,2H),7.20-7.22(m,1H).
實施例3
將化合物3之(719mg,1.89mmol)溶解於DMF(7mL), 添加甲磺酸2-環丙基乙酯(466mg,2.84mmol)及碳酸鉀(1.31g,9.45mmol),並於80℃攪拌5小時。室溫下,於反應液中加水,用氯仿萃取,並以硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由管柱層析(乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物5(358mg,產率42%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.06-0.10(m,2H),0.46-0.51(m,2H),0.63-0.72(m,1H),1.69-1.75(m,2H),2.03-2.15(dt,J=30.7,9.3Hz,3H),2.28-2.43(m,3H),2.82-3.00(m,4H),3.93-4.02(m,4H),4.78(br-s,2H),5.23(s,1H),6.76-9.78(m,2H),7.23-7.25(m,1H).
將化合物5(2.30g,5.13mmol)及二氯化銅(1.38g,10.3mmol)溶解於乙酸(7mL)及濃鹽酸(11mL),將亞硝酸鈉(460mg,6.67mmol)之水溶液(1mL)於冰冷下滴入,並在冰冷下攪拌45分鐘。將反應液用氯仿萃取,將有機層以飽和氯化銨水溶液及2M碳酸鈉水溶液洗淨後,用硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由管柱層析(氯仿-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物6(1.24g,產率52%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:-0.04-0.05(2H,m),0.40-0.51(2H,m),0.61-0.72(1H,m),1.69-1.82(2H,m),2.01-2.10(2H,m),2.14(1H,dt,J=13.1,8.3Hz),2.25-2.42(3H,m),2.82-3.00(2H,m),2.94(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.08(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),4.01(2H,t,J=5.9Hz),4.24(2H,t,J=7.0Hz),5.59(1H,s),6.76-6.80(2H,m),7.22(1H,d,J=9.0Hz).
將化合物6(1.57g,3.36mmol)溶解於DMA(16ml),添加氰化鉀(678mg,10.4mmol),並於微波照射下,在200℃攪拌3小時。讓反應液回至室溫後,添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水及水,將水層以己烷-乙酸乙酯(2:1)萃取。將有機層用水及飽和食鹽水洗淨後,以硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,得到化合物7之粗生成物(1.46g)。
將化合物7之粗生成物(212mg)、疊氮化鈉(150mg,2.31mmol)及氯化銨(124mg,2.31mmol)懸浮於DMF(4.2mL)及水(0.4mL)中,於140℃攪拌3小時。讓反應液回至室溫後,添加檸檬酸水溶液,並將水層用乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥,並減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物I-24(162mg,2階段產率66%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.01-0.06(2H,m),0.36-0.42(2H,m),0.73-0.82(1H,m),1.88(2H,q,J=7.1Hz),2.02-2.11(2H,m),2.18(1H,s),2.20(1H,dt,J=13.3,8.2Hz),2.26-2.39(2H,m),2.45(1H,ddd,J=13.0,7.7,4.5Hz),2.88-3.06(2H,m),3.12(1H,d,J=15.9Hz),3.22(1H,d,J=15.9Hz),4.03(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),4.99-5.13(2H,m),5.97(1H,s),6.79-6.83(2H,m),7.24(1H,d,J=9.3Hz).
實施例4
將化合物7(1.46g,3.18mmol)溶解於四氫呋喃(6mL)及甲醇(6mL),添加5N氫氧化鈉水溶液(6.4mL,3.2mmol),微波照射下,於120℃攪拌75分鐘。讓反應液回至室溫後,添加2N鹽酸(30mL),將水層用氯仿萃取,並將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物2(1.12g,產率73%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:-0.02-0.02(2H,m),0.39-0.45(2H,m),0.69-0.77(1H,m),1.78(2H,q,J=7.2Hz),2.02-2.11(2H,m),2.21(1H,dt,J=13.2,8.2Hz),2.26-2.39(2H,m),2.45(1H,ddd,J=13.0,7.7,4.5Hz),2.93(1H,dt,J=16.2,7.7Hz),3.01(1H,ddd,J=16.5,8.6,4.3Hz),3.09(1H,d,J=16.2Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=16.1Hz),4.03(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),4.76-4.89(2H,m),6.01(1H,s),6.79-6.84(2H,m),7.19-7.23(1H,m),15.66(1H,s).
將化合物2(486mg,1.02mmol)及羰基二咪唑(495mg,3.05mmol)溶解於四氫呋喃(5mL),並於70℃攪拌100分 鐘。讓反應液回至室溫後,添加甲磺酸醯胺(484mg,5.09mmol)及二疊氮雙環十一烯(0.77mL,5.1mmol),並於室溫攪拌14小時。減壓餾去溶劑後,在殘餘物中添加2N鹽酸(20mL),並將水層用氯仿萃取,將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由固體化(二異丙基醚-氯仿)而精製,得到化合物I-12(281mg,產率50%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.00-0.04(2H,m),0.41-0.47(2H,m),0.67-0.76(1H,m),1.78(2H,qd,J=7.2,1.4Hz),2.02-2.11(2H,m),2.18(1H,dt,J=13.2,8.2Hz),2.26-2.36(2H,m),2.40(1H,ddd,J=13.1,7.7,4.4Hz),2.91(1H,dt,J=16.4,8.1Hz),2.99(1H,ddd,J=16.5,8.6,4.5Hz),3.07(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.18(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.38(3H,s),4.02(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),4.75-4.87(2H,m),5.95(1H,s),6.79-6.83(2H,m),7.20-7.23(1H,m),14.99(1H,s).
實施例5
將化合物7(23.1mg,50.4μmol)及5%鈀碳(23mg)懸浮於甲醇(1.5mL)及濃鹽酸(0.2mL)中,在氫環境下,於室溫攪拌4小時。過濾反應液後,減壓餾去溶劑,得到化合物 9(24.9mg,產率99%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-D6)δ:-0.08-0.04(2H,m),0.34-0.41(2H,m),0.58-0.67(1H,m),1.59-1.67(2H,m),1.91(2H,dt,J=15.6,6.4Hz),2.14-2.28(2H,m),2.36-2.45(2H,m),2.90(2H,t,J=6.7Hz),2.94(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.01(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),4.01(2H,t,J=6.1Hz),4.22(2H,t,J=6.7Hz),4.38(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),4.43(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),6.68(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.3Hz),6.85(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),7.01(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),8.42(1H,s),8.73(3H,s).
將化合物9(6.0mg,12μmol)懸浮於四氫呋喃(0.7mL),添加乙酸酐(6μL,0.06mmol)及三乙基胺(17μL,0.12mmol),並於室溫攪拌20分鐘。添加甲醇(2mL)後,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物I-10(4.6mg,產率76%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:-0.05-0.05(2H,m),0.39-0.48(2H,m),0.60-0.72(1H,m),1.75(2H,q,J=7.0Hz),2.02(3H,s),2.03-2.10(2H,m),2.14(1H,dt,J=13.1,8.0Hz),2.25-2.36(2H,m),2.40(1H,ddd,J=12.9,7.7,4.2Hz),2.83-2.97(2H,m),2.96(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),3.07(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),4.02(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),4.27(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),4.55(1H,dd,J=16.1,4.8Hz),4.76(1H,dd,J=16.1,6.0Hz),5.73(1H,s),6.76-6.81(2H,m),7.19-7.24(1H,m),8.65-8.72(1H,m).
實施例11
在(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(134g,1.11mol)之甲苯(500mL)溶液中,添加四乙氧基鈦(141mL,666mmol)、化合物51(100g,444mmol)之四氫呋喃(250mL)及甲苯(250mL)溶液,並於90℃攪拌12小時。於室溫下,在反應液中添加飽和氯化銨水溶液後,用乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層用飽和氯化銨水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物52(82g,產率56%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.32(s,9H),3.24-3.31(m,1H),3.45-3.53(m,1H),4.27-4.41(m,2H),7.09-7.12(m,2H),7.83(d,1H,J=8.31Hz).
於-78℃,在1mol/L六甲基二矽疊氮化鋰之四氫呋喃溶液(334mL,333mmol)中添加乙酸甲酯(26.5mL,333mmol), 並攪拌1小時。於-78℃,在反應液中滴入氯化鈦三異丙氧化物(110g,424mmol)之四氫呋喃(250mL)溶液,攪拌2小時。於-78℃,在反應液中滴入化合物52(50.0g,151mmol)之四氫呋喃(250mL)溶液,並攪拌30分鐘。添加飽和氯化銨水溶液及羅謝爾鹽(Rochelle salte),升溫至室溫並攪拌12小時。然後,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以水洗淨後,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物53(35g,產率57%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.09(s,9H),2.26-2.36(m,2H),3.04(q,2H,J=5.6Hz),3.53(s,3H),4.22-4.26(m,1H),4.34-4.37(m,1H),5.45(s,1H),7.01-7.07(m,2H),7.28(d,1H,J=8.56Hz).
在化合物53(1.4g,3.46mmol)之二烷(15mL)溶液中,添加雙聯頻那醇硼酸酯(bis(pinacolato)diboron)(1.32g,5.19mmol)、二氯化[1,1’-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]鈀(II)二氯甲烷錯合物(1:1)(0.141g,0.17mmol)及乙酸鉀(1.02g,10.4mmol),並於100℃攪拌4小時。於室溫下,在反應液中添加30%過氧化氫水(1.96mL,17.3mmol),並攪拌2小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以10%硫代硫酸鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫鈉乾燥,並減壓餾去溶劑。使所得到之殘餘物溶解於DMF(10mL),添加碳酸銫(1.69g,5.19mmol)及三氟甲磺酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯 (597mL,4.16mmmol),於室溫下攪拌12小時。在反應液中添加10%檸檬酸水溶液,以乙酸乙酯萃取,用飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,並減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物54(1.23g,產率84%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.22(s,9H),2.21-2.28(m,1H),2.52-2.57(m,1H),2.77(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),2.96(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),4.19-4.25(m,1H),4.31(q,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.45-4.51(m,1H),5.13(s,1H),6.40(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=8.8,2.6Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=8.8Hz,1H).
在化合物54(545mg,1.29mmol)之甲醇(1.1mL)溶液中添加4mol/L鹽酸二烷溶液(0.64mL,2.57mmol),並於室溫攪拌1小時。減壓餾去反應液之溶劑後,使所得到之殘餘物溶解於四氫呋喃(4.5ml),並添加2-氰基乙酸(219mg,2.57mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(493mg,2.57mmol)及三乙基胺(0.71mL,5.15mmol),於室溫攪拌3小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑,得到化合物55(483mg,97%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.14-2.20(m,1H),2.81-2.88(m,1H),3.02(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),3.17(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),3.33(dd,J=20.2,18.9Hz,2H),3.70(s,3H),4.19-4.32(m,4H),6.40(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),6.54(dd,J=8.8,2.8Hz,1H),7.15(s, 1H),7.20(d,J=8.8Hz,1H).
在化合物55(497mg,1.29mmol)之甲醇(2.5mL)溶液中添加28%甲醇鈉之甲醇溶液(993mg,5.15mmol),並於室溫下攪拌1小時。在反應液中添加2mol/L之鹽酸水溶液(6mL)及水,用乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層以水洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥。濃縮後,使所得到之殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水進行逆萃取。然後,冰冷下在水層中添加濃鹽酸,藉由濾取析出之固體,得到化合物56(340mg,75%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-D6)δ:1.99-2.15(m,2H),2.67(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),3.21(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),4.09-4.15(m,1H),4.20-4.25(m,1H),4.72(q,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.49(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.64(dd,J=8.8,2.6Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.89(s,1H).
在化合物56(500mg,1.41mmol)之二氯乙烷(5mL)溶液中,添加氯化磷醯(0.152mL,1.69mmol)及DMF(0.136mL,1.70mmol)之二氯乙烷(5ml)溶液,並於室溫攪拌75小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑,得到化合物57(486mg,92%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.24-2.27(m,2H),3.00(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),3.43(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),4.17-4.35(m,4H),5.92(s,1H), 6.42(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.63(dd,J=8.8,2.5Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=8.8Hz,1H).
在化合物57(100mg,0.27mmol)之乙醇(2mL)溶液中,添加2-肼基-5-甲基吡啶鹽酸鹽(51.4mg,0.32mmol)及碳酸氫鈉(56.3mg,0.67mmol),並於70℃攪拌7小時。然後,加水,用氯仿萃取,以飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物58(77.6mg,產率63%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.15-2.26(m,2H),2.36(s,3H),3.01(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),3.27(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.21-4.24(m,2H),4.32(q,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.20(s,1H),6.42(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.61(dd,J=8.8,2.6Hz,1H),7.18(s,2H),7.50(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.63(dd,J=8.6,2.2Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.19(s,1H).
於0℃,在化合物58(430mg,0.94mmol)之二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中添加2-(甲磺醯基)乙醯基氯(3.74mmol)之二氯甲烷(3ml)溶液及吡啶(0.303ml,3.74mmol),攪拌1個半小時。在室溫下加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,並以硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇,胺基矽凝膠)精製,再以己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物I-275(320mg,59%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.19-2.31(m,2H),2.40(s,3H),3.11(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),3.22(s,3H),3.41(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),4.14(s,2H),4.23-4.25(m,2H),4.33(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.59(s,1H),6.44(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.62(dd,J=8.8,2.6Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.69-7.72(m,1H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.30(br-s,1H),11.19(s,1H).
實施例12
在化合物51(1.75g,7.69mmol)中添加(S)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(1.03g,8.45mmol)及四乙氧基鈦(3.22mL,6mmol),並於100℃攪拌2個半小時。將反應液以乙酸乙酯及水稀釋,並用乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層以飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物59(1.86g,產率73%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.32(s,9H),3.24-3.31(m,2H),3.46-3.53(m,2H),4.28-4.41(m,2H),7.09-7.13(m,2H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,1H).
在1mol/L六甲基二矽疊氮化鋰四氫呋喃溶液(9.01mL,9.01mmol)中,於-78℃添加四氫呋喃(15mL)及乙酸甲酯(0.72mL,9.01mmol),並攪拌30分鐘。於-78℃,在反應液中滴入1mol/L氯化鈦三異丙氧化物之己烷溶液(11.3mL,11.3mmol),攪拌20分鐘。然後,於-78℃滴入化合物59(1.86g,5.63mmol)之四氫呋喃(16mL)溶液,並攪拌1小時。添加飽和氯化鈉水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以水洗淨後,減壓餾去溶劑、將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物60(2.07g,產率77%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.22(s,9H),2.22-2.29(m,1H),2.56-2.61(m,2H),2.78(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),2.93(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),4.20-4.25(m,1H),4.43-4.49(m,1H),5.17(s,1H),7.02-7.05(m,2H),7.11(d,J=8.3Hz,1H).
在化合物60(512mg,1.22mmol)之1,4-二烷(5mL)溶液中添加雙聯頻那醇硼酸酯(341mg,1.34mmol)、乙酸鉀(359mg,3.66mmol)及二氯化[1,1’-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]鈀(II)二氯甲烷加成物(19.9mg,0.024mmol),重複3次減壓、氮置換後,加熱回流3小時。冷卻至室溫後、將不溶 物進行矽藻土過濾,減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物用四氫呋喃(5mL)稀釋,添加30%過氧化氫水溶液(277mg,2.44mmol)及1mol/L氫氧化鈉水溶液(0.244mL,0.244mmol),並於室溫攪拌19個半小時。將反應液以硫代硫酸鈉5水合物(606mg,2.44mmol)處理,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以水洗淨後,減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物61(391mg,產率94%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.23(s,9H),2.21-2.28(m,1H),2.45-2.50(m,1H),2.78(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),2.99(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),4.17-4.22(m,1H),4.43-4.50(m,1H),5.10(s,1H),6.23(s,1H),6.34(s,1H),6.40(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=8.6Hz,1H).
在化合物61(380mg,1.11mmol)之DMF(1.5mL)溶液中添加三氟甲磺酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯(310mg,1.34mmol)及碳酸鉀(185mg,1.34mmol)並於室溫攪拌14小時後,加溫至60℃進一步攪拌2小時。將反應液用乙酸乙酯及水稀釋,將有機層以水洗淨後,減壓餾去溶劑,在所得到之殘餘物的甲醇(2mL)溶液中添加4mol/L鹽酸二烷溶液(0.557mL,2.23mmol),於室溫攪拌1小時。將反應液之溶劑減壓餾去,進一步添加甲苯,減壓餾去溶劑,在所得到之殘餘物之二氯甲烷(4mL)溶液中添加2-氰基乙酸(161mg,1.89mmol)、1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸 鹽(363mg,1.89mmol)及三乙基胺(0.463mL,3.34mmol),並於室溫攪拌19小時。將反應液之溶劑減壓餾去,以乙酸乙酯及水稀釋,將有機層用水洗淨,減壓餾去溶劑,得到化合物62之粗生成物。
在化合物62之粗生成物之甲醇(4mL)溶液中,添加60%氫化鈉(270mg,6.75mmol),並於室溫攪拌5小時。添加2mol/L鹽酸水溶液(3.34mL,6.68mmol)後,減壓餾去溶劑,用乙酸乙酯及水稀釋,將有機層以水洗淨後,減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物以己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物63(324mg,產率82%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-D6)δ:1.99-2.13(m,2H),2.65(d,J=17.1Hz,1H),3.19(d,J=17.1Hz,1H),4.09-4.17(m,1H),4.20-4.25(m,1H),4.72(q,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.48(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.64(dd,J=8.8,2.3Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H).
在化合物63(308mg,0.869mmol)之1,2-二氯乙烷(6.2mL)懸浮液中添加N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(63.5mg,0.869mmol)及氧氯化磷(133mg,0.869mmol),並於室溫攪拌18.5小時。在反應液中加水,濾取析出之固體,得到化合物64(312mg,產率96%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.26(2H,t,J=5.5Hz),3.00(1H,d,J=18.8Hz),3.44(1H,d,J=18.8Hz),4.15-4.29(2H,m), 4.30(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),4.34(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),5.83(1H,s),6.42(1H,d,J=2.5Hz),6.63(1H,dd,J=8.8,2.4Hz),7.33(1H,d,J=8.8Hz).
在化合物64(500mg,1.34mmol)之四氫呋喃(4mL)溶液中添加肼1水合物(225mg,3.35mmol),並於室溫攪拌1小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物65(432mg,產率87%)。
[M+H]=369.00、測定條件C
在化合物65之(333mg,0.91mmol)之乙腈(2mL)溶液中添加化合物66(324mg,1.09mmol)及碳酸銫(397mg,1.22mmol),並於80℃攪拌1個半小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,得到化合物67(137mg,產率31%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.14-2.26(m,4H),2.93(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),3.21(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),3.97-4.03(m,4H),4.19-4.21(m,2H),4.32(q,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.83(s,2H),5.19(s,1H),6.41(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.60(dd,J=8.8,2.5Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=8.8Hz,1H).
於室溫,在化合物67(137mg,0.28mmol)之甲苯(2mL) 溶液中添加2-(甲磺醯基)乙酸(191mg,1.38mmol)及N,N’-二異丙基碳化二亞胺(0.22ml,1.38mmol),並攪拌3小時。於室溫下加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以飽和碳酸氫鈉水洗淨後,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇)精製,藉由甲醇-水粉末化,得到化合物II-121(82.4mg,產率49%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.09-2.18(m,2H),2.29-2.36(m,2H),3.03(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),3.21(s,3H),3.31(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),3.99-4.35(m,10H),5.92(s,1H),6.40(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.60(dd,J=8.8,2.4Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),9.56(s,1H).
實施例13
在化合物53(5.50g,13.6mmol)之甲醇(60mL)溶液中添加4mol/L鹽酸二烷溶液(3.40mL,13.6mmol),並於室溫攪拌1小時。然後,減壓餾去溶劑後,使所得到之殘餘物溶解於四氫呋喃(60ml),並添加2-氰基乙酸(2.31g, 27.2mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(5.22g,27.2mmol)及三乙基胺(7.54mL,54.4mmol),於室溫攪拌1小時。在反應液中添加飽和氯化銨水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以水洗淨後,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物68(4.80g,產率96%)。
在化合物68(4.80g,13.1mmol)中添加1mol/L甲醇鈉甲醇溶液(26.1mL,26.1mmol),並於室溫下攪拌3小時。在反應液中添加1mol/L鹽酸水溶液(150mL),並以乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層以水洗淨後,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥。濃縮後,使所得到之殘餘物藉由己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物69(3.75g,86%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:2.06-2.12(2H,m),2.71(1H,d,J=17.5Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=17.0Hz),4.12-4.17(1H,m),4.22-4.27(1H,m),7.01(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.11(1H,dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz),7.42(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.91(1H,s).
在化合物69(2.00g,5.97mmol)之二氯乙烷(20mL)溶液中,添加DMF(4.64mL,59.7mmol)及氯化磷醯(0.61mL,6.56mmol),於室溫攪拌19小時。在反應液中加水,用氯仿萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,並以己烷-乙酸乙 酯粉末化,得到化合物70(1.03g,產率49%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.27(br-s,2H),3.03(d,J=18.6Hz,1H),3.41(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),4.17-4.31(m,2H),5.96(s,1H),7.07-7.27(m,3H).
在化合物70(250mg,0.71mmol)之乙醇(5mL)溶液中添加2-肼基-5-甲基吡啶鹽酸鹽(135mg,0.85mmol)及碳酸氫鈉(148mg,1.77mmol),並於70℃攪拌1個半小時。在反應液中加水,以氯仿萃取,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑,藉由在所得到之殘餘物中添加二異丙基醚,進行粉末化,得到化合物71(237mg,產率76%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.15-2.29(m,2H),2.36(s,3H),3.03(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),3.24(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.22-4.24(m,2H),5.23(s,1H),7.04(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.10(dd,J=8.4,2.0Hz,1H),7.19(br-s,2H),7.42(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.61-7.64(m,1H),7.76(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.19(br-s,1H).
在化合物71(100mg,0.23mmol)之甲苯(2mL)與水(0.4mL)溶液中添加環丙基三氟硼酸鉀(101mg,0.68mmol)、二氯化[1,1’-雙(二-第三丁基膦基)二茂鐵]鈀(II)(0.148g,0.227mmol)及碳酸銫(0.222g,0.681mmol),於100℃攪拌3小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙 酯)精製,並以己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物72(20.4mg,產率22%)。
於0℃,在化合物72(20.4mg,0.051mmol)之二氯甲烷(1mL)溶液中添加2-(甲磺醯基)乙醯基氯(0.20mmol)之二氯甲烷(0.3ml)溶液及吡啶(0.016ml,0.20mmol),攪拌3小時。於室溫下,在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇,胺基矽凝膠)精製,得到化合物II-168(14.2mg,54%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.68-0.72(m,2H),0.95-1.00(m,2H),1.81-1.88(m,1H),2.19-2.28(m,2H),2.40(s,3H),3.11(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),3.23(s,3H),3.42(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),4.14(s,2H),4.20-4.22(m,2H),5.61(s,1H),6.57(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.73(dd,J=8.2,1.8Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.70(dd,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.30(s,1H),11.17(s,1H).
實施例14
在(R)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(631mg,5.21mmol)之甲苯(2.5mL)溶液中添加四乙氧基鈦(0.654mL,3.12mmol),並添加化合物73(384mg,2.08mmol)之甲苯(2.5mL)溶液,於100℃攪拌3小時。於室溫下,在反應液中添加檸檬酸水溶液及乙酸乙酯,過濾不溶物,並以乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層以飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物74(428mg,產率72%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.32(s,9H),3.31-3.38(m,1H),3.45-3.52(m,1H),4.27-4.33(m,1H),4.36-4.41(m,1H),6.43-6.49(m,2H).
於-78℃,在1mol/L六甲基二矽疊氮化鋰四氫呋喃溶液(2.23mL,2.23mmol)中添加四氫呋喃(1mL)及乙酸甲酯(0.178mL,2.23mmol),攪拌1小時。然後,於-78℃滴入1mol/L氯化鈦三異丙氧化物己烷溶液(2.98mL,2.98mmol), 並攪拌30分鐘。然後,於-78℃滴入化合物74(428mg,1.49mmol)之四氫呋喃(1mL)溶液,並攪拌4小時。在反應液中添加10%之檸檬酸水溶液及羅謝爾鹽,升溫至室溫並攪拌12小時,用乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物75(305mg,產率57%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.22(s,9H),2.19-2.27(m,1H),2.45-2.49(m,1H),2.74(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),3.40(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),3.70(s,3H),4.19-4.24(m,1H),4.51-4.57(m,1H),5.02(s,1H),6.36-6.47(m,2H).
在化合物75(305mg,0.85mmol)之甲醇(2.6mL)溶液中,添加4mol/L鹽酸二烷溶液(0.44mL,1.77mmol),並於0℃攪拌1小時。減壓餾去反應液之溶劑後,使所得到之殘餘物溶解於四氫呋喃(2.5ml),添加2-氰基乙酸(108mg,1.27mmol)、HATU(482mg,1.27mmol)及三乙基胺(0.29mL,2.11mmol),並於室溫攪拌4小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,並以己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物76(170mg,產率62%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.08-2.14(m,1H),2.83-2.90(m,1H),2.96(d,J=14.7Hz,1H),3.26-3.33(m,3H),3.75(s,3H), 4.13-4.18(m,1H),4.27-4.33(m,1H),6.35-6.44(m,2H),7.51(s,1H).
在化合物76(393mg,1.21mmol)之甲醇(4mL)與四氫呋喃(1mL)溶液中添加1mol/L甲醇鈉之甲醇溶液(2.6mL,2.6mmol),並於室溫下攪拌7小時。在反應液中添加2mol/L之鹽酸水溶液(1.3mL),於濃縮後所得到之殘餘物中添加甲醇,將不溶物藉由過濾除去,減壓餾去溶劑。在所得到之殘餘物中添加乙酸乙酯進行粉末化,得到化合物77(213mg,60%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-D6)δ:2.07-2.17(m,2H),2.72(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),3.19(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),4.10-4.22(m,2H),6.61(br-d,J=10.2Hz,1H),6.78-6.84(m,1H),7.89(s,1H).
在化合物77(1.0g,3.42mmol)之二氯乙烷(10mL)溶液中添加DMF(2.66mL,34.2mmol)及氯化磷醯(0.35mL,3.76mmol),並於室溫攪拌20小時。在反應液中加水,用氯仿萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯)精製,得到化合物78(413mg,產率39%)。
[M+H]=310.95、測定條件C
在化合物78(50mg,0.16mmol)之乙醇(1mL)溶液中添 加2-肼基-5-甲基吡啶鹽酸鹽(30.8mg,0.19mmol)及碳酸氫鈉(34mg,0.40mmol),並於80℃攪拌2小時。在反應液中加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗淨後,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,減壓餾去溶劑。將所得到之殘餘物溶解於二氯甲烷(1.0mL),於0℃添加2-(甲磺醯基)乙醯基氯(0.64mmol)之二氯甲烷(1.0ml)溶液及吡啶(0.052ml,0.64mmol),攪拌3小時。於室溫下加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,以硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾去溶劑,將所得到之殘餘物藉由矽凝膠管柱層析(氯仿-甲醇,胺基矽凝膠)精製,並以己烷-乙酸乙酯粉末化,得到化合物II-203(52.7mg,41%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.19-2.26(m,1H),2.32-2.40(m,4H),2.99(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),3.22(s,3H),3.81(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),4.15-4.20(m,4H),5.77(s,1H),6.47-6.52(m,2H),7.69-7.71(m,1H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.30(br-s,1H).
以下所示之化合物亦同樣地施作而合成。
此外,II-276雖未進行立體化學之結構確定,然而為光學活性之化合物。
將各化合物之物理數據示於下述。
表中之「RT」表示於LC/MS(液體層析/質量分析)之保持時間(分鐘)。「MS」表示於LC/MS之質量(M+H),「LCMS法」表示LC/MS之下述任一個測定條件。
管柱:ACQUITY UPLC(註冊商標)BEH C18(1.7μm i.d.2.1×50mm)(Waters)
流速:0.8mL/分鐘
UV檢測波長:254nm
移動相:[A]為含有0.1%甲酸之水溶液,[B]為含有0.1%甲酸之乙腈溶液
進行5%-100%溶劑[B]之線性梯度溶析3.5分鐘後,維持100%溶劑[B]溶析0.5分鐘。
管柱:Shim-pack XR-ODS(2.2μm i.d.50×3.0mm)(Shimadzu)
流速:1.6mL/分鐘
UV檢測波長:254nm; 移動相:[A]為含有0.1%甲酸之水溶液,[B]為含有0.1%甲酸之乙腈溶液
梯度:進行10%-100%溶劑[B]之線性梯度溶析3分鐘後,維持100%溶劑[B]溶析0.5分鐘。
管柱:ACQUITY UPLC(註冊商標)BEH C18(1.7μm i.d.2.1×50mm)(Waters)
流速:0.55mL/分鐘
UV檢測波長:254nm
移動相:[A]為含有0.1%甲酸之水溶液,[B]為含有0.1%甲酸之乙腈溶液
梯度:進行5%-100%溶劑[B]之線性梯度溶析3分鐘後,維持100%溶劑[B]溶析0.5分鐘。
各實施例所得到之NMR分析係於300MHz進行,使用DMSO-d6、CDCl3測定。
以下,記載本發明化合物之生物試驗例。
調製例1(重組人類MGAT2之調製)
將在N末端附加有Flag-tag之人類MGAT2全長基因插入pFastBac(Invitrogen公司製)。根據Bac-to-Bac桿狀病毒表現系統(Invitrogen公司製)之實驗指南,製作重組桿狀病毒,並感染Sf-9細胞。將回收之細胞進行超音波破碎後,藉由離心回收膜部分。藉由使用抗Flag抗體之西方墨點法(Western blot)分析確認表現,製成重組人類MGAT2酵素液。
試驗例1(人類MGAT2抑制活性之測定)
在分注有0.2μL各個本發明化合物之DMSO溶液的Corning公司製之聚苯乙烯製384孔微培養盤中,添加以檢定緩衝液(含2mmol/lDTT之100mmol/L磷酸緩衝液(pH7.4))調製成之酵素溶液5μL、及基質溶液(100mmol/L磷酸緩衝液(pH7.4)、30μmol/L 2-油醯基甘油、10μmol/L油醯基-CoA)5μL,攪拌及離心後,於濕潤箱中進行室溫1 小時培育。酵素反應後,藉由添加50μL之含內部標準(Internal Standard(IS))之停止液(含有0.2μmol/L甘油二油酸酯-d5(Diolein-d5)、0.4%甲酸及50%異丙醇)使反應停止,密封於島津GLC公司製之培養盤後,攪拌及離心,使用RapidFire360及Agilent 6550 Q-TOF質量分析裝置,藉由電噴霧離子化法進行測定。檢測屬於基質之2-油醯基甘油之反應產物(P)甘油二油酸酯(Diolein)及IS之銨加成物離子,使用其峰高度計算出峰強度比P/IS,藉此評估抑制活性。抑制活性係將有/無添加酵素分別設定為對照(+)/對照(-),將抑制率分別設為0%及100%抑制,將添加有發明化合物時之峰強度比P/IS設為樣品,依照下述公式,藉由TIBCO Spotfire(TIBCO Software公司製)計算出。
抑制活性(%)=[1-{樣品-對照(-)}/{對照(+)-對照(-)}]* 100
將各個本發明化合物之抑制活性結果示於下表中。表中之IC50(nM)係表示呈現50%酵素抑制的濃度。
試驗例2(代謝穩定性試驗)
使市售之匯集人類肝微粒體(Pooled Human Liver Microsomes)與本發明化合物反應一定時間,藉由比較反應樣本與未反應樣本計算出殘存率,評估本發明化合物被肝臟代謝之程度。
在含0.5mg蛋白質/mL之人類肝微粒體的0.2mL緩衝液(50mmol/L Tris-HCl pH 7.4、150mmol/L氯化鉀、10mmol/L氯化鎂)中,於1mmol/L NADPH存在下,在37℃,反應0分鐘或30分鐘(氧化反應)。反應後,於甲醇/乙腈=1/1(v/v)溶液之100μL中添加並混合50μL之反應液,再以3000rpm離心15分鐘。將離心上清液中之本發明化合物藉由LC/MS/MS定量,以0分鐘反應時之化合物量當作100%,計算反應後之本發明化合物的殘存量。
(結果)顯示化合物濃度為0.5μmol/L之殘存率。
試驗例3(溶解性試驗)
本發明化合物之溶解度係於1% DMSO添加條件下確定。藉由DMSO調製10mmol/L化合物溶液,將6μL之本發明化合物溶液添加至594μL之pH6.8人工腸液(在250mL之0.2mol/L磷酸二氫鉀試液中添加118mL之0.2mol/L NaOH試液,並加水成為1000mL)。於25℃靜置16小時後, 將混合液進行抽吸過濾。將濾液藉由甲醇/水=1/1(V/V)稀釋成2倍,依照絕對校正線法,使用HPLC或LC/MS/MS測定濾液中濃度。
(結果)
試驗例4(光毒性試驗)
就試管中(in vitro)光毒性試驗而言,進行紅血球光溶血試驗,該試驗係以對生體膜之作用及光過氧化作為指標之評估法(Wolfgang J.W.Pepe et al.,ATLA29,145-162,2001)。在本法中,使用相對於以二甲基亞碸作為媒介之本發明化合物之調製液,添加2.5%(v/v)羊紅血球液而成的混合液(濃度:0.1至0.0008%)。準備二個添加有該混合液之微培養盤,對一個微培養盤使用紫外線螢光燈(GL20SE燈、三共電氣及FL20S-BLB燈,Panasonic)進行UVA及UVB區域之光照射(10J/cm2,290至400nm),與未進行光照射之微培養盤一起施加離心操作後,測定上清液之吸光度(540nm或630nm)。為了求取光毒性判定用的二個指標(對生體膜之作用及光過氧化),針對從本發明化合物獲得之吸光度,計算出光照射及未照射之各自於媒介中之吸光度的 相差值,而提供以下之計算。關於對生體膜之作用,係從光照射與未照射之吸光度(540nm)之差求取光溶血率,對於光過氧化,係求取光照射與未照射之吸光度(630nm)的變化量。此外,在光溶血率之計算中,將從使用蒸餾水進行強制溶血之2.5%(v/v)之羊紅血球液所得的吸光度(540nm),作為光溶血率100%之基準。光溶血率未達10%,且於630nm之吸光度之變化量未達0.05時,視為(-);光溶血率為10%以上,且於630nm之吸光度之變化量為0.05以上時,視為(+)。
(結果)
化合物I-34:(-)
試驗例5(細胞障害性試驗)
使用屬於細胞影像分析儀之Toxinsight(Thermofisher Scientific公司製),自動測定化合物曝露後之細胞數,評估本發明化合物之細胞障害性。
以成為60000cells/mL之方式,將HepG2細胞(來自人類肝癌細胞)播種於384孔培養盤中,24小時後在各孔中添加化合物溶液。就化合物溶液而言,使用含本發明化合物之DMSO溶液(將最高濃度設定為50μmol/L,以2倍公比進行5階段稀釋,最低濃度為約3.1μmol/L),使用只含有DMSO之溶液作為陰性對照,使用喜樹鹼(camptothecin)溶液作為陽性對照。將本發明化合物之DMSO溶液、陰性對照溶液、或陽性對照溶液添加於各孔中。71小時後,於各孔中添加Hoechst 33342溶液,該Hoechst 33342溶液係 以使最終濃度成為1μg/mL的方式利用杜爾貝科(Dulbecco)磷酸緩衝液(D-PBS)稀釋而成者,在37℃、5%CO2培育箱內進行1小時核之染色。染色後,使用4%多聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde),於37℃之CO2培育箱內固定20分鐘。最後,用D-PBS洗淨3次後,使用Toxinsight(Thermofisher Scientific公司製),計測每孔中有螢光顯色的核之數目。每1濃度設置4孔,計算出與4孔中之核數目(未觀察到障害性之細胞數)之平均值的偏差(SD)。相較於陰性對照群,計算出平均值比陰性對照之平均值減少50%以上的化合物曝露濃度(IC50)。IC50之值越小,判斷細胞障害性之風險越高。
試驗例6(抗肥胖作用試驗)
在經給予高脂肪食物(TestDiet;58Y1)之C57BL/6j小鼠(DIO小鼠)中,檢討實施例之化合物的抗肥胖作用。
購入5週齡之雄性C57BL/6j(Clea Japan),在12小時之日夜循環下,餵予高脂肪食物,飼育4週,製成DIO小鼠。從投予化合物之3週前,以1日2次投予媒介(0.5%HPMC)。根據馴化投予期間中之體重、攝餌量變化,進行無作為化並實施隨機分群(n=7)。從Day1至Day28為止,以1日2次,進行實施例化合物或媒介(0.5%HPMC)之強制經口投予。每日測定體重、攝餌量。在Day28解剖,實施睪丸上體脂肪重量之測定,及所採取之血液的生化學檢査。
試驗例7(CYP抑制試驗)
使用市售之匯集人肝微粒體進行,就人類主要5種CYP分子(CYP1A2、2C9、2C19、2D6、3A4)之典型基質代謝反應而言,以7-乙氧基試鹵靈(resorufin)之O-脫乙基化(CYP1A2)、甲苯磺丁脲之甲基-氫氧化(CYP2C9)、美芬妥因(mefenitoin)之4’-氫氧化(CYP2C19)、右美沙芬(dextromethorphen)之O脫甲基化(CYP2D6)、特菲那定(terfenadin)之氫氧化(CYP3A4)作為指標,本發明化合物評估各個代謝物生成量藉由本發明化合物被抑制之程度。
反應條件如下。基質:0.5μmol/L乙氧基試鹵靈(CYP1A2)、100μmol/L甲苯磺丁脲(CYP2C9)、50μmol/LS-美芬妥因(CYP2C19)、5μmol/L右美沙芬(CYP2D6)、1μmol/L特菲那定(CYP3A4);反應時間:15分鐘;反應溫度:37℃;酵素:匯集人肝微粒體0.2mg蛋白質/mL;本發明化合物濃度:1、5、10、20μmol/L(4種)。
於50mmol/LHepes緩衝液中,分別將各5種基質、人肝微粒體、本發明化合物以上述組成添加作為反應溶液,並將該反應溶液及屬於輔酵素之NADPH添加在96孔培養盤內,開始進行作為指標之代謝反應。於37℃,反應15分鐘後,藉由添加甲醇/乙腈=1/1(V/V)溶液使反應停止。於3000rpm,離心15分鐘後,將離心上清液中之試鹵靈(CYP1A2代謝物)藉由螢光多標識計數器或LC/MS/MS定量,將甲苯磺丁脲氫氧化體(CYP2C9代謝物)、美芬妥因4’氫氧化體(CYP2C19代謝物)、右菲烷(dextrorphan)(CYP2D6代謝物)、特菲那定醇體(CYP3A4代謝物)以LC/MS/MS定 量。
將於反應系中只添加溶解有藥物之溶劑(亦即,DMSO)者,當作對照(100%),算出殘存活性(%),使用濃度及抑制率,藉由邏輯模型之逆推測,計算出IC50。
(結果)
化合物II-103:5種>20μmol/L
試驗例8(BA試驗)
經口吸收性之檢討的實驗材料及方法
(1)使用動物:使用小鼠或SD大鼠。
(2)飼養條件:讓小鼠或SD大鼠自由攝取固體飼料及滅菌自來水。
(3)投予量、分群之設定:將經口投予、靜脈內投予依照預定之投予量進行投予。如下述方式設定群組。(每種化合物之投予量有變更)
經口投予1至30mg/kg(n=2至3)
靜脈內投予0.5至10mg/kg(n=2至3)
(4)投予液之調製:經口投予係以溶液或懸浮液形式投予。靜脈內投予係將其進行可溶化而投予。
(5)投予方法:經口投予係藉由經口導管強制地投予至胃內。靜脈內投予係藉由附有注射針之注射器從尾靜脈或大腿靜脈投予。
(6)評估項目:經時地採血,使用LC/MS/MS測定血漿中本發明化合物濃度。
(7)統計解析:關於血漿中本發明化合物濃度之推移, 使用非線形最小平方法程式WinNonlin(註冊商標),計算出血漿中濃度-時間曲線下面積(AUC),並由經口投予群及靜脈內投予群之AUC,計算出本發明化合物之生物利用性(BA)。
(結果)
化合物II-94:73%
試驗例9(CYP3A4(MDZ)MBI試驗)
關於本發明化合物之CYP3A4抑制,從藉由代謝反應之增強來評估「基於機構之抑制(Mechanism based inhibition)(MBI)」能力。使用匯集人肝微粒體,以咪達唑崙(midazolam)(MDZ)之1-氫氧化反應作為指標,評估CYP3A4抑制。
反應條件如下。基質:10μmol/L MDZ;預反應時間:0或30分鐘;反應時間:2分鐘;反應溫度:37℃;匯集人肝微粒體:預反應時0.5mg/mL,反應時0.05mg/mL(10倍稀釋時);本發明化合物預反應時之濃度:1、5、10、20μmol/L(4種)。
在96孔培養盤內添加預反應液,該預反應液係於K-Pi緩衝液(pH7.4)中將匯集之人肝微粒體、本發明化合物溶液以上述預反應之組成添加,以使基質及K-Pi緩衝液稀釋成1/10之方式,將該預反應液之一部份移行至另一96孔培養盤中。添加作為輔酵素之NADPH,開始進行作為指標之反應(無預反應),以預定之時間反應後,藉由添加甲醇/乙腈=1/1(V/V)溶液,使反應停止。又,在殘留之預反應液中 亦添加NADPH,開始進行預反應(有預反應),經預定時間之預反應後,以使基質及K-Pi緩衝液稀釋成1/10之方式,將一部分移行至另一培養盤內,開始進行作為指標之反應。預定時間之反應後,藉由在反應液中添加甲醇/乙腈=1/1(V/V)溶液,使反應停止。將進行各個指標反應之培養盤以3000rpm離心15分鐘後,藉由LC/MS/MS定量離心上清液中之1-氫氧化咪達唑崙。
將於反應系中只添加溶解有本發明化合物之溶劑(亦即,DMSO)者作為對照(100%),計算出將本發明化合物以各種濃度添加時之殘存活性(%),使用濃度及抑制率,藉由邏輯模型之逆推測,算出IC。以預培育(Preincubataion)0分鐘之IC/預培育30分鐘之IC當作轉移之IC值(shifted IC),若轉移之IC為1.5以上,視為陽性,若轉移之IC為1.0以下,視為陰性。
(結果)
化合物II-103:陰性
試驗例10(粉末溶解度試驗)
在適當之容器中適量地加入本發明化合物,於各容器中,各添加200μL之JP-1液(在氯化鈉2.0g,鹽酸7.0mL中加水成為1000mL)、JP-2液(在pH6.8之磷酸鹽緩衝液500mL中加水500mL)、20mmol/L牛磺膽酸鈉(TCA)/JP-2液(在TCA 1.08g中添加JP-2液成為100mL)。在添加試驗液後並全量溶解時,適當地追加本發明化合物。密閉並於37℃振動1小時後進行過濾,在各濾液100μL中添加100μL 之甲醇進行2倍稀釋。稀釋倍率可因應所需加以變更。確認無氣泡及析出物,密閉並振動。依照絕對校正線法,使用HPLC定量本發明化合物。
(結果)
化合物II-94:JP-2液:3.4μmol/L
試驗例11(Fluctuation Ames試驗)
評估本發明化合物之致突變性。
將20μL之凍結保存之鼠傷寒沙門氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)TA98株、TA100株)接種於10mL液體營養培養基(2.5%Oxoid nutrient broth No.2)中,於37℃振盪10小時,進行前培養。TA98株係將8.0mL之菌液離心(2000×g,10分鐘)並除去培養液。將菌懸浮在8.0mL之MicroF緩衝液(K2HPO4:3.5g/L、KH2PO4:1g/L、(NH4)2SO4:1g/L、檸檬酸三鈉二水合物:0.25g/L、MgSO4‧7H20:0.1g/L)中,添加於120mL之暴露(Exposure)培養基(含有生物素:8μg/mL,組織胺:0.2μg/mL,葡萄糖:8mg/mL之MicroF緩衝液)。TA100株係將3.1mL菌液添加於暴露培養基120mL中,調製成試驗菌液。將本發明化合物之DMSO溶液(從最高用量50mg/mL以2至3倍公比進行數階段稀釋)、作為陰性對照之DMSO、作為陽性對照之溶液分別以12μL與588μL之試驗菌液(在代謝活化條件下,498μL之試驗菌液與90μL之S9 mix之混合液)混合,該陽性對照溶液在非代謝活化條件下,對於TA98株,使用50μg/mL之4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物之DMSO溶液,對於TA100株,使用 0.25μg/mL之2-(2-呋喃基)-3-(5-硝基-2-呋喃基)丙烯醯胺之DMSO溶液;在代謝活化條件下,對於TA98株,使用40μg/mL之2-胺基蒽DMSO溶液,對於TA100株,使用20μg/mL之2-胺基蒽DMSO溶液分別以12μL與588μL之試驗菌液(在代謝活化條件下,498μL之試驗菌液與90μL之S9 mix之混合液,並於37℃振盪培養90分鐘。將230μL之暴露有本發明化合物之菌液混合於1150μL之指示劑(Indicator)培養基(含有生物素:8μg/mL,組織胺:0.2μg/mL,葡萄糖:8mg/mL,溴甲酚紫:37.5μg/mL之MicroF緩衝液)中,以各50μL之方式分注於微培養盤(48孔/用量)中,於37℃靜置培養3日。由於包含藉由胺基酸(組織胺)合成酵素基因之突變而獲得增殖能力之菌的孔,係因pH變化而從紫色變為黃色,計算每1用量於48孔中變色為黃色之菌增殖孔的數目,與陰性對照群相比並評估。致突變性係以(-)表示陰性,以(+)表示陽性。
(結果)
化合物I-24:(-)
試驗例12(hERG試驗)
以評估本發明化合物之心電圖QT間隔延長風險為目的,使用表現人類ether-a-go-go相關基因(hERG)通道之CHO細胞,檢討本發明化合物對心室再極化過程中擔任重要角色之延遲整流K+電流(IKr)的作用。
使用全自動膜片箝制(patch clamp)系統(QPatch;Sophion Bioscience A/S),藉由完整細胞膜片箝制法,將細 胞保持於-80mV之膜電位,賦予-50mV之洩漏電位後,記錄賦予+20mV之脫極化刺激2秒,進一步賦予-50mV之再極化刺激2秒時所誘發的IKr。產生之電流安定後,將溶解有目標濃度之本發明化合物的細胞外液(NaCl:145mmol/L、KCl:4mmol/L、CaCl2:2mmol/L、MgCl2:1mmol/L、葡萄糖:10mmol/L、HEPES(4-(2-羥基乙基)-1-哌乙磺酸(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid):10mmol/L,pH=7.4),於室溫條件下,施用於細胞10分鐘。使用解析軟體(Falster Patch;Sophion Bioscience A/S),從所得到之IKr計測以保持膜電位之電流值為基準的最大尾電流之絕對值。進一步,計算出相對於本發明化合物施用前之最大尾電流的抑制率,評估本發明化合物對IKr之影響。
(結果)顯示化合物於濃度10μmol/L之抑制率。
化合物I-253:6.9%
製劑例
本發明化合物可經由任何先前之途徑,尤其是,以經腸道,例如經口,例如錠劑或膠囊劑之形式;或非經口,例如注射液劑或懸浮劑之形式;局部,例如洗劑、凝膠劑、軟膏劑或乳膏劑之形式;或經鼻形式或栓劑形式,作為醫藥組成物而投予。與至少1種藥學上可容許之載劑或稀釋劑一起,包含游離形式或藥學上可容許之鹽形式的本發明之化合物,的醫藥組成物,可依照先前之方法,藉由混合、造粒或包覆法而製造。例如,就經口用組成物而言,可製 成含有賦形劑、崩散劑、黏合劑、潤滑劑等及有效成分等的錠劑、顆粒劑、膠囊劑。又,就注射用組成物而言,可製成溶液劑或懸浮劑,亦可進行滅菌,又,亦可含有防腐劑、安定化劑、緩衝化劑等。
本發明化合物由於具有MGAT2抑制作用,例如,在作為用於肥胖症、代謝症候群、高脂血症、高中性脂肪血症、高VLDL血症、高脂肪酸血症、糖尿病、動脈硬化症等MGAT2相關疾病的醫藥上有用。
Claims (15)
- 一種式(I)所示之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽,
- 一種醫藥組成物,其含有申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項所述之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽。
- 一種申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項所述之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽之用途,其係用於製造MGAT2相關疾病的治療劑或預防劑。
- 一種申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項所述之化合物或其製藥上容許之鹽之用途,其係用於製造肥胖症、代謝症候群、高脂血症、高中性脂肪血症、高VLDL血症、高脂肪酸血症、糖尿病或動脈硬化症之治療劑或預防劑。
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CN115698003B (zh) | 2020-02-07 | 2024-10-11 | 加舒布鲁姆生物公司 | 杂环glp-1激动剂 |
CN114685502A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-01 | 由理生物医药(上海)有限公司 | 作为kras-g12c抑制剂的螺环类化合物 |
AU2022344074A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2024-02-29 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases linked to anti-obesity activity |
AU2023218370B2 (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2024-11-28 | Quanta Therapeutics, Inc. | Kras modulators and uses thereof |
WO2023230190A1 (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-30 | Quanta Therapeutics, Inc. | Pyrimidine based modulators and uses thereof |
CN119365463A (zh) | 2022-06-13 | 2025-01-24 | 盐野义制药株式会社 | 二氢吡啶酮衍生物或其溶剂合物的晶体 |
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