TWI741297B - Responsible construction method of low fouling and low corrosion in refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method for refrigeration and air-conditioning projects. The method integrates chemical water treatment energy-saving improvement and dynamic EER to achieve a stable state, and provides the entire system of refrigeration and air-conditioning projects for low-fouling and low-corrosion energy-saving responsibility construction The energy-saving responsibility construction method includes: scale treatment steps for scale prevention and corrosion prevention, construction steps for low scale and low corrosion, and steps for energy-saving inspection of the entire system of air-conditioning engineering. These steps not only provide refrigeration and air-conditioning design specifications & construction After standard commissioning acceptance or completion, energy-saving improvement equipment inspection with water treatment response effect and anti-scaling effect, as a quality control procedure and inspection standard for refrigeration and air conditioning engineering design supervision, and can provide steady-state operation procedures for the host , Group control steady-state technology improves the engineering quality of air-conditioning projects.

Description

Responsible construction method of low fouling and low corrosion in refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering

The present invention relates to a low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method for refrigeration and air-conditioning projects, in particular to a method that integrates technologies in the three fields of chemical water treatment, computers, and air-conditioning to achieve energy-saving improvement, anti-corrosion, and establishment of steady-state operating procedures. Control steady-state technology to provide technicians and contractors in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry with a low-fouling and low-corrosion construction method for refrigeration and air-conditioning projects based on the design and construction specifications.

Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems have existed for many years, including (1) refrigerating and air-conditioning mainframes for cooling, refrigerants that transfer cold energy or ice brine pipelines (where the ice brine outlet temperature is usually set at a fixed temperature, for example, 7 ℃), water-cooled cooling water system for heat dissipation Pipes, water towers or air-cooled condenser fans, as well as refrigerating air-conditioning boxes, blowers or direct expansion evaporators on the air side of the terminal refrigeration and air-conditioning rooms; (2) heat pumps, boilers, etc. for heating; (3) ) Air compressors for air supply, etc.; (4) Other systems that are connected by water systems. The refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering system whose design and construction was transferred to the owner to operate has also been in operation for more than 30-50 years, including electromechanical control, monitoring integration, operation and selection, etc. That is, it is a refrigeration and air-conditioning integration technology that has integrated control, monitoring, value engineering and other cross-field mechanical and electrical energy-saving control of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system itself.

The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry commonly refers to the design specifications, contracting specifications, and construction specifications of the project project. They all refer to the same specifications. The content includes the project drawings, bids, and specifications, which are referred to as specifications. As for the contract, the contractor’s construction specifications after the contract is signed, the difference is only the application of the term, the difference in the meaning of the context, and the technical means of the content are the same. It means that the design specification is the refrigeration provided by the technician in the architect The refrigerated warehouses and building air-conditioning spaces will be designed according to the professional technology of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry to design the aforementioned mainframes, pipelines, air-conditioning boxes, blowers, and other machinery, etc., and contractors will construct them accordingly. This is the industry's practice. Although refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians design load calculations based on steady-state data, the specification is limited to equipment specification sheets but not as good as actual dynamic operation. Moreover, due to the lack of steady-state technology in the monitoring database, the data are all randomly picked dynamics. Data, EER used in group control of refrigeration and air-conditioning mainframe operation (including operation selection) technology used in construction and operation is also only dynamic energy consumption data, which is called group control dynamic technology. The total energy consumption of these data is still based on dynamic data, so its optimization is only a false optimization, and only has the significance of statistical total comparison; it is said that the dynamic data includes load up and down data, False (distortion) optimization The data filtered through the program are all load reduction energy consumption data. In order to highlight the effectiveness, the compared data must also be the load energy consumption data, but it is distorted because there are more load upgrades. The illusory energy saving difference with the reduced load energy consumption data means the so-called "digital game". It not only violates the same basis and the stability conditions when comparing, but also violates the law of conservation of energy. This is that the present invention does not use dynamic data and eliminates it. Therefore, the operation value of the steady-state data of the patent No. I628425 is used to re-establish the host operation group control technology (hereinafter referred to as the group control steady-state technology) to have reproducibility. It achieves real energy-saving optimization, and is progressive and practical.

The applicant started technical research on energy-saving construction specifications for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems in 1985 (1996), and received seven R&D grants from the Ministry of Economic Affairs SBIR between 1989 and 1998 (2000-2009). In 1991 (2002), although the EER engineering specification pictures and texts were written, there were repeated unsuccessful trials or another 8 types of 40 technical works and no successful cases, because both of them lacked the key "implementation technical means." , And the implementation conditions of the norms did not reach the threshold of the “creation of technical ideas” of the patent right. In other words, the content disclosed at that time was only the copying mode and text description of the file's graphic copy modification and the lack of key technical means. The lack of clear explanation at the turning point of the change has made the technology not only ambiguous and unsuccessful. Moreover, the disclosed content is for the business of attracting investment. The pictures and texts of the methods are completely absent from the calculation of water quality and quantity, which belongs to "the conception of lack of technical means to achieve the goal". The refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians and engineering companies in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry are limited to refrigeration and air-conditioning technology. They have a limited understanding of the connotation of water treatment chemical technology, the ins and outs, the relationship or correlation of various parts and components, and the effectiveness of the response to water quality. Without the willingness, Gein's discussion has caused the industry to fall into the quagmire of lack of technology. As long as "water treatment manufacturers provide what they provide, they will accept" the helplessness and embarrassment, the water treatment chemical technology integration refrigeration and air-conditioning project has not been successfully implemented, which means that the aforementioned works Patent requirements for "lack of technical means for implementation".

In addition, although Article 70 of the Government Procurement Law stipulates "quality control procedures and inspection standards", the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry is still limited by the industry’s impact on fouling. The measured operating EER data also lacks the technology of steady-state EER, and the "quality control procedures and inspection standards" have not been formulated for a long time. For the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, special water treatment chemical technology belongs to a different field of technology and has its own difficulties. In addition, fierce competition in the engineering industry and even vicious bidding have been heard from time to time, so that the industry has difficulty in self-protection of the industry's technology. , Even the first step to understand the technology in different fields is lack of willingness; in addition, the operation of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system is dynamic. Therefore, the integration of the prior art refrigeration and air-conditioning system is limited to static research and discussion, and does not involve Two technologies, EER analysis of operating dynamics and energy-saving improvement of water treatment.

In addition, from the perspective of the chemical industry, they also lack the technology related to refrigeration and air-conditioning. They are also restricted by the technician method. Therefore, the integration of technologies across the two industries is even more difficult. The water treatment adopts physical or chemical methods to prevent scale and corrosion. They are both one technique and two effects. Unfortunately, the two methods have not taken into account the problem of the variability of the cooling water caused by the load of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system. They only stay at the conceptual level and have no requirements for effective verification. The refrigerating and air-conditioning water treatment has already fallen into the predicament of the three-no ) The fouling found in 506 ice water main engines in the actual measurement is still quite serious. The expectation has gradually turned to disappointment, and now it has been paralyzed and desperate. This 33.125% has not been included in the calculation of the improvement effect of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry. The refrigerating and air-conditioning mainframe consumes a huge amount of energy, accounting for 55-60% of the entire system, so the refrigerating and air-conditioning mainframe occupies a representative position.

The refrigeration and air-conditioning monitoring industry only has monitoring technology and lacks EER technology. Therefore, the monitoring judgment function and database of programming are only used for recording whether operation requirements are required. After creation, only the search and display of raw data, whether it is running, hours... etc. , Start-stop control and other basic technologies, there is no high-end technology compared with EER analysis, refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians, engineering companies are also limited to refrigeration and air-conditioning technology, the dynamic operation of the main engine involves EER technology because of the lack of chemical dynamics technology. Distinguishing and judging EER dynamic and steady-state data, EER data has become a waste of no economic benefit, and no industrial use value. In the past 30 years, it has been struggling to make a breakthrough, but it has been troubled and helpless. Although the Taiwan Invention Patent Case No. I628425 that the applicant applied for approval has disclosed the implementation of these high-level technical ideas, the use of various equipment, and the relationship between key components, the response of refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians and engineering companies to water treatment is limited by the lack of the industry. Chemical technology in different fields, so the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry has no intention to discuss it. In other words, the air-conditioning industry (operators, engineering companies, technicians) are not familiar with the efficiency of the actual host, especially based on the actual host efficiency as dynamic EER, and cannot distinguish the steady-state EER. Therefore, the refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project The construction, installation and operation and maintenance of the mainframe are limited to the mechanical and electrical manufacturing and installation of the refrigeration and air-conditioning mainframe, as well as fault repair and restoration of the original operation. Whether the operation process of the refrigeration and air-conditioning mainframe meets the energy requirements Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), due to the lack of objective measurement verification and analysis and comparison, in the design and construction level, in order to avoid causing troubles that cannot be handled, almost no one wants to touch it. In addition, most of the existing refrigeration and air-conditioning main units use traditional pointer-type meters and use manual meter reading and recording (only a few use electronic meter connections), not only because the recording conditions are inconsistent and the continuity does not meet the requirements, Moreover, because the recorded values have not been analyzed and compared, they have no reference value. In addition, the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry has been well aware of the serious decline in the efficiency of refrigeration and air-conditioning units caused by fouling for 30 years. However, in the face of the dilemma that water treatment improvement is a cross-field chemical technology, it is impossible to judge its goodness. It has long been expected to have good products to achieve the improvement purpose. However, due to the lack of EER measurement verification, it has been delayed, and it has been blindly waiting. Based on the country’s need to develop high-efficiency refrigerating and air-conditioning main units, the Ministry of Economic Affairs supports the ITRI to establish a large amount of funds for the steady-state operation of cooling water and ice brine thermostats, pumps and other experimental fields. However, the actual operation of the mainframe is not economical. No one has set up a steady-state operating device such as a constant temperature bath, which has resulted in the industry not establishing a steady-state operating program for the mainframe in the past 30 years.

Furthermore, scale, as its name implies, is dirt in the water, which can be further divided into hard dirt and soft dirt. The hard dirt component usually refers to calcium carbonate, and the soft dirt component includes sludge, algal slime, etc. The hazards of scaling, corrosion, and algae to refrigeration and air-conditioning projects are well known in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, but it is difficult to progress because the solutions involve cross-field chemical and microbiological technologies. The industry has also made a number of efforts, but unfortunately they are still using individual equipment separately, which has exhausted them and is unable to make further systematic integration planning and calculations. The use of individual equipment, such as the existing patents for the prevention and treatment of scale, such as: Republic of China Patent No. M279636 (using variable frequency electromagnetic field to destroy the combination of calcium and magnesium ions and carbonate ions in water), No. M436496 (using a filter The double water purifying effect with refinement can reduce impurities in the water, thereby reducing the generation of scale), No. M462272 (using a magnetic rod to magnetize the water in the tube to reduce the generation of scale), No. M470846 (dissociating positive ions and Negative ions can remove scale, rust, calcium carbonate and bacteria in the water pipeline), No. M509221 (using electrical appliances to adsorb scale) and No. M517196 (using a magnetic rod to magnetize water to remove water scale), And U.S. Patent Nos. 4153559, 4366053, 4505815, etc. However, these domestic and foreign patent cases only proposed some structural solutions for scale treatment, but did not protect the efficiency and performance requirements of the main engine after the anti-scale effect, let alone the advanced technology of the present invention in the air-conditioning engineering design and construction. The energy-saving improvement and effectiveness verification of the whole project.

In addition, the traditional detection for energy saving and anti-scaling has two kinds of crystallization kinetics detection method and simulated heat exchanger detection method for more than 20 years. Among them, the crystallization kinetic detection method is used for calcium carbonate crystal growth rate from 2.0*10 ^-10 m/sec. It is reduced to 1.0*10 ^-10 m/sec or even 0.0*10 ^-10 m/sec, which means that there is a 50% inhibition effect and complete inhibition. The simulated heat exchanger detection method is adopted to increase the temperature of the heat source side, so that the temperature difference between the heat source side and the cooling water is 7.86 times the temperature difference between the actual heat source side and the cooling water. For example: the cooling water inlet temperature is 30°C, the outlet water temperature is 35°C, freezing The condensing temperature of the air conditioner is 36℃, the average heat transfer temperature difference is 36-(35+30)/2=3.5℃, and the heat source side is increased to 60℃, the average heat transfer temperature difference is 60-(35+30)/2=27.5 ℃, the heat transfer rate increases by 27.5/3.5=7.86 times. This method can quickly detect the rate of fouling on the surface of the simulated heat exchanger. Similarly, a slower fouling rate can determine the efficiency of inhibiting fouling, that is, the untreated fouling rate is 100mg/cm2/month, and the fouling rate by the scale processor is reduced to 40mg/cm2/month, which means there is 60% inhibition effect, the rate of "0mg/cm2/month" means complete inhibition. The above-mentioned two kinds of energy-saving and anti-scaling detections stay outside the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, not to mention the adoption of the design method and construction method of the whole system of the project.

In view of the above, the applicant developed a method for EER measurement verification and analysis of refrigeration and air-conditioning mainframes (Taiwan Invention Patent No. I628425) in 2015 (2016), and only proposed some measurement verification and analysis methods for mainframe EER. In addition, in the Republic of China 107 (2018), a heat exchange system with anti-fouling effect and an anti-fouling method (Taiwan Invention Patent Application No. 107117591) was developed and completed for the application of low fouling of refrigerating and air-conditioning main units. Each independent host 31, 32 and their respective cooling towers 41, 42 (as shown in the third figure), that is, this method actively improves the calcium ions and carbonate ions in the water quality, so that the untreated or incompletely treated water does not reach 100 % Anti-scaling effect is processed, that is, the remaining components are charged in the cooling water of the operating refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, forming scale crystals CaCO3(s) to be processed {Ca ⁺² +CO ₃ ^-2 →CaCO ₃ (s)} , Which is different from the traditional energy-saving and anti-scaling detection method. In short, the applicant's previous application for the EER measurement verification and analysis method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning host, and the method of anti-fouling effectiveness are mainly shown in the fourth figure. They are all stand-alone (non-engineering systems) to establish a dynamic database of operating EER. 50. Eliminate non-steady-state data (build a steady-state database) 51. Adjust the anti-scaling effect water treatment 52. Draw weekly and monthly if there is no improvement curve (or WWHH conversion table) 53 to provide refrigeration and air-conditioning hosts for energy-saving improvement .

However, the aforementioned related patented technologies developed recently have not been able to provide system-level improvements to refrigeration and air-conditioning projects for energy-saving and anti-corrosion, and they have also not proposed steady-state energy-saving technologies such as main engine operating value reduction detection method, operating group control, and operating machine selection.

In summary, the operation of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems is dynamic, so that the integration of the prior art refrigeration and air-conditioning systems is only static research and discussion. For the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, water treatment chemical technology belongs to a different field of technology and does not involve Operating steady-state EER analysis and water treatment energy-saving improvement are two technologies. For the chemical industry, due to the lack of refrigeration and air-conditioning related technologies and the limitations of the technician method, it is more difficult to integrate technologies across the two industries; the applicant has experienced During the period from 1989 to 1998 (2000-2009), the Ministry of Economic Affairs SBIR researched and developed this invention. The missing items were consulted by the Department of Chemical Engineering of National Taiwan University, Department of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning of Beijing University of Science and Technology, many refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians, engineering companies and Second, the guild industry collected papers and passed the R&D plan and practice test from 1998 to 107 (2009 to 2018). It took 18 years to complete the "technical means of implementation", which shows that the integration of the present invention is time-consuming It took a lot of effort, especially after the patent No. I628425, to further develop the specification technology of the design method construction method, including: design specification, construction specification, design supervision and manufacturing, and the specification and technical characteristics of the construction method reached the stage of implementation, and the present invention was successful.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method for refrigeration and air-conditioning projects, which integrates the three fields of chemical water treatment, computers, and air-conditioning technologies to achieve energy-saving improvement, anti-corrosion and establishment of steady-state operating procedures. Provide design and construction requirements for steady-state operation data to retrospectively test the basis of the air-conditioning host design data and verify the difference between the basis and the actual operating data, so as to improve the previous non-technological establishment of the actual field partial load and host capacity, and it is impossible to test whether it is sufficiently solid , And the new air-conditioning main engine can only be simulated at the main engine factory to test defects such as full load, that is, the actual operation is under partial load condition, and the relative full year 8,760 hours of full load condition is usually less than 10 Hours, only a very small percentage, the present invention can provide solid inspections throughout the year; and using the present invention to use the effectiveness test of water treatment as the key to improve the quality of refrigeration and air-conditioning projects, and establish new construction specifications including: design specifications, construction specifications, Design supervision to achieve progress and practical effects.

Another purpose of the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention is to use the steady-state EER technology to formulate a responsible construction method (ie design specifications & construction specifications), thereby forming "quality control procedures and inspection standards" (I.e. design supervision), provide energy-saving improvement equipment inspection for anti-scaling effect to facilitate the display of improvement results of energy-saving equipment, and propose steady-state energy-saving technology and steady-state operation procedures for air-conditioning host operation group control and operation selection. The three technologies can be used separately depending on the situation to improve the energy-saving technology of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry. Without investing in expensive constant temperature baths and other experimental field devices, the steady-state EER group (COP, EER, kW/RT) can be obtained, and the operation record Select the time period when the source of the heat load of the main engine is stable, and cooperate with the establishment of the change of the main engine operation mode to achieve the effect of the steady state requirement of CNS 12575. Furthermore, use equipment with anti-scaling and anti-corrosion effects to list the effectiveness verification requirements of the improvement technology, and It is used to calculate the improvement benefit, to facilitate the promotion of the results and increase the acceptance, so as to achieve progress and practical effects.

To achieve the above objectives, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention at least includes: scale treatment steps for scale prevention and corrosion prevention, construction steps for low scale and low corrosion, and energy-saving inspection and corrosion of the entire system of air-conditioning engineering The scale rate step, wherein the scale treatment step of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion is to combine the cooling water flow of each host in the entire refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering system into a parallel common pipe, which flows out of the same set of cooling towers and flows back to circulate water after heat dissipation, and, Provides water treatment based on the total tonnage of the system host and meets the actual water quality and quantity benchmarks of the entire system, and achieves the scale treatment capacity for the specified effect of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion; this low-scale and low-corrosion construction step is to integrate the refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering The system is operated in accordance with the actual water treatment by calculating and adjusting the water volume and water quality standards, so that it changes proportionally with the load, so as to supplement the interaction of water flow, discharge, and water quality. System-wide low fouling and low-corrosion effects; the entire system energy-saving inspection corrosion rate of the air-conditioning project is based on a case-specific specification design to use a heat exchanger to simulate the fouling rate of equipment, or Crystallization kinetics is used to test the scaling rate, or the operating value reduction rate is used for testing; the test piece (mild steel or copper) is also used as the representative corrosion rate of the pipeline equipment for testing, providing the overall system of air-conditioning engineering anti-scaling and anti-corrosion efficiency test .

Another feature of the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention is that it is further provided with the calculation step of the anti-scaling improvement benefit based on the whole project, so as to facilitate the budgeting and obtain financial support. The anti-scaling improvement benefit calculation The steps are calculated based on two parts of the benefits. One is the introduction of cross-field business management accounting rules for equipment depreciation and the reduction of depreciation loss is set as the economic benefit of corrosion prevention; the second is that the construction specification adopts the quality function of the anti-corrosion equipment, and the other is listed The effectiveness index of the anti-scaling improvement technology, on the other hand, adopts the measured operation EER of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to decrease by an average of 33.125% or another value as the representative effectiveness index of the previously designed and constructed water treatment to calculate the anti-scaling improvement benefit.

According to the above, in order to provide convenient calculation coefficients, it is necessary to collect and establish the annual average load of each type of user host and the average electricity price of each user in the Taipower electricity price table. The average load and average electricity price can be provided to the owner and explained after obtaining the consent for the calculation basis. If the user is a Quanxin Construction Project, he can use peer-to-peer data instead. After the establishment, the category average load only needs to have a considerable change before it needs to be corrected or slightly corrected, and the average electricity price only needs to be corrected when the price of Taipower rises or falls. The benefit calculation formula is as follows: power saving = △kW/RT x RT _peak x% _average x annual operating hours----(3)

Power saving rate△kW/RT=kW/RT _{previous specification-} kW/RT _{design specification} ----------(4)

1kW/RT=3.516/COP=3.024/EER-----------------------(5)

Economic benefit = electricity saving x average electricity price----------------------------(6)

Among them, the unit of EER is kcal/Wh,% _average : annual average load.

Based on the above, the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention is also characterized in that the economic benefit calculation method for reducing the corrosion rate is to first estimate the useful life and depreciation after the corrosion rate is reduced, and then compare it with the previous corrosion rate Calculate the difference between the two. The corrosion rate relates to the usable thickness of equipment and pipelines. 1.0mm is the thickness of the pipe that can be allowed to be corroded in the estimated service life. After exceeding it, water leakage and water seepage at hundreds of thousands of pipeline welds, elbows, and joints are likely to occur. Most of the conventional design and construction methods adopt chemical water treatment method to control the corrosion rate to 4mpy (1mpy=0.025mm/year, 4mpy=0.10mm/year=1.0mm/10 years), and the service life is 10 years; 2mpy (2mpy=0.05mm/year=1.0mm/20 years), the service life is 20 years; it means that the service life is extended from 10 years to 20 years when comparing the two phases.

Another feature of the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention is that the steady-state operation program is constructed and the operation record selects the period of time when the main engine is operating and the heat load source is stable, and the steady-state EER group is obtained and stored and further proceeded. Check and confirm; if so, it is confirmed that the refrigerating and air-conditioning main unit is operating in a steady state at the time. In short, the steady-state operation program is based on the operation records of the refrigerating and air-conditioning main unit in real-time operation. After analysis, the daily stable time period is obtained and stored. During the stable period, the host is changed from normal automatic operation to manual operation. The three heat balance values measured after two consecutive operations at least 5 minutes each time. If the three heat balance values are all less than the tolerance value, the measured value at that time The dynamic EER group is regarded as the steady-state EER group, which can meet the steady-state requirements of CNS 12575.

Based on the above, the present invention further provides group control steady-state technology, which establishes the basis for operating the machine selection or energy-saving replacement equipment as a steady-state energy-saving technology. The difference between the steady-state energy-saving technology and the dynamic technology of the prior art lies in the previous The dynamic technology of the technology is based on the dynamic EER obtained at random, and it is impossible to distinguish: (1) the degree of fouling, (2) the EER data of load increase and load reduction (both of which are non-steady) are not excluded, resulting in its energy consumption The summation is only a false (distortion) optimization, not a true energy-saving optimization. The steady-state technology of group control of the present invention is based on the steady-state EER of the previous technology to transfer the dynamic EER through the method Method 1: Statistical method removes more than 5% of non-steady-state data and then averages the steady-state EER, or method 2: CNS 12575 heat balance method is obtained, and the dynamic consumption of load-up and load-down groups are excluded when the energy consumption is added up. After the illusory energy saving difference of the energy data, the data reliability of the present invention is greatly improved to achieve true optimization, and because the steady-state EER is reproducible, it can reach the threshold of science. In addition, the steady-state EER chart of the present invention can be used as an important basis for the main engine to operate and select the machine from the second year.

S1: Scale treatment steps for anti-scaling and anti-corrosion

S2: Low fouling and low corrosion construction steps

S3: Steps to check the corrosion rate of the entire system for energy saving in air-conditioning engineering

S4: Calculation steps of anti-scaling improvement benefit

21, 22, 23, 24: ice water host

3: Cooling tower

50: Run EER dynamic database

51: Eliminate non-steady-state data (build a steady-state database)

52: Carry out anti-scaling effect water treatment adjustment

53: Plotting weekly and monthly without improvement curve (or WWHH conversion table)

The first figure is a block flow diagram of the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention.

The second figure is a plan view of an embodiment in which the responsible construction method of the present invention is applied to the entire system of an air-conditioning project.

The third figure is a plan view of an embodiment of a conventional refrigerating and air-conditioning main unit to save energy and improve the respective independent main units and respective cooling water towers.

The fourth figure is a block diagram of the energy-saving improvement of the conventional refrigeration and air-conditioning main unit.

Please refer to the first figure for the block flow chart of the responsible construction method for low fouling and low corrosion of refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering of the present invention. The present invention uses the steady-state EER technology to formulate a responsible construction method (ie design specification & construction specification) to form "Quality Control Procedures and Inspection Standards" (namely design supervision), provide energy-saving improvement equipment inspections for anti-scaling effectiveness to facilitate the improvement of energy-saving equipment. The responsible construction method includes: anti-scaling and anti-corrosion scale treatment steps S1, low accumulation Scaling and low-corrosion construction step S2, air-conditioning engineering entire system energy-saving inspection corrosion rate step S3, and anti-scaling improvement benefit calculation step S4, including anti-scaling and anti-corrosion scale treatment step S1 and low-scaling and low-corrosion construction step S2 It belongs to the design and construction of the water system of the whole system of the air-conditioning project plus the anti-scaling and anti-corrosion, and provides the technicians and contractors in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry according to the design and construction specifications; the entire system of the air-conditioning project energy-saving inspection corrosion rate step S3 belongs to the air-conditioning Design and supervision of the whole system of the project, so that the contractor will meet the corrosion rate according to the case Request for review; step S4 of anti-fouling improvement benefit calculation belongs to the quality budget process of the whole system of air-conditioning engineering. Through the benefit calculation of the quality index of the low fouling and low corrosion improvement technology compared with the previous technology, steps S1~S3 are provided for low fouling and low corrosion. Responsible construction is supported by the budget so that the present invention can be implemented (such as the dotted arrow).

The anti-scaling and anti-corrosion scale treatment step S1 combines the cooling water flow of each host in the entire refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering system into a parallel common pipe, which flows out from the same set of cooling towers and flows back to the circulating water after heat dissipation, and provides the system host The total tonnage is the calculation basis and the water treatment that meets the actual water quality and quantity standards of the whole system on the ground, achieves the scale treatment capacity of the specified effect of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion. When calculating the total treatment capacity of the circulating water supply in the present invention, 5% of the integrated total circulating flow is taken, or the total volume of cooling water divided by the treatment capacity of 60 minutes, so that all cooling water has been treated to achieve the effect of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion. In addition, it is worth noting that the impurity separator and the sterilizer in the entire system of the air-conditioning project of the present invention are matched with the pipe diameter of the scale processor, and the aforementioned flow rate is used as the system selection standard.

The low-fouling and low-corrosion construction step S2 makes the entire refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering system run in line with the actual water treatment by calculating and adjusting the water volume and water quality standards, so that it changes proportionally with the load to supplement the water flow, discharge, and water quality. The interaction of the whole system achieves the effect of low fouling and low corrosion. Among them, the water treatment system of the whole system of the project adopts the water quantity and water quality adjustment calculation, including the water volume adjustment calculation formula and the water quality adjustment calculation formula, various calculation formulas As follows: Water volume adjustment calculation formula: System supplemental water flow M=nE/(n-1)-------------------(1)

System discharge water flow B=E/(n-1)---------------------(2)

In the above calculation formula: n is the concentration multiple, and E is the evaporation water flow of the system.

Calculation formula for water quality adjustment: Concentration factor value formula = upper limit of conductivity or test value divided by conductivity of supplementary water

The upper limit value and the conductivity of the supplementary water in the above calculation formula are determined by the source of the supplementary water, and the test value is the measurement value. Conductivity of cooling water during test.

Furthermore, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction step S2 establishes a steady-state operation program through electronic devices (including PLC programmable controllers, HMI man-machine interfaces, Pad tablets, computers, etc.) through ADIO (Analog Digital Input/Output) Transmit the water treatment of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project and the refrigeration and air-conditioning host signal to the computer to receive and establish a database, construct the operation record of the refrigeration and air-conditioning host in real operation, and obtain the daily stable time period after analysis , Construct and store the stable period, and during the stable period, check the heat load variation factor that has approximate steady-state conditions, and cooperate to change the operation mode of the host from automatic operation to manual operation, with an interval of at least 5 minutes each time. Run, and capture at least 3 of the thermal balance values ≤ the tolerance value, the EER group is regarded as the steady-state EER group (COP, EER, kW/RT). It is worth mentioning that the database should be exported through software to export the original data of up-loading, down-loading and steady state, and provide the owner's verification with excel files, so as to avoid the black box operation of the computer program source code that cannot be disclosed due to business secrets. The original data is dynamic EER, including load-up, load-down and steady-state data. After exporting the three types of data, it can be calculated by excel program to manually test the steady-state EER of the statistical method and the computer program of the CNS 12575 steady-state EER. The correctness of the policy to eliminate doubts about global practices that cannot be made public.

In addition, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction step S2 is designed in a standard design. In each case in operation, when the measurement error value of the inlet and outlet water temperature reaches 0.2℃, the "0 value correction" must be carried out immediately to prevent the EER error from exceeding the allowable error value. , And record the error value and time of each "zero value correction", check the regularity of the time-day interval after a period of time, select the smallest interval, so that the EER group data error will not expand and continue to maintain its accuracy, and another specification The design must be carried out once a week or once a month or once a week at the initial stage of the case operation. After the regularity is clarified and extended to once a month, the data error of the EER group will not be enlarged, and the accuracy of the data of the EER group can be maintained continuously.

According to the present invention, the measurement verification and analysis specification of the construction step S2 with low fouling and low corrosion includes the temperature load group, steady state EER, and temperature difference error "0 value" under the comprehensive conditions of temperature load throughout the year. "Calibration", year-round validation... and other technologies can enable the design method and construction method to be upgraded from the low-level, unclear and ambiguous quality functions of the previous technology to a higher level, clear analysis and comparison, and improved reliability, that is, the present invention "0 value correction" is the new construction specification. Due to the inconsistency of engineering conditions in various regions, this code is designed as follows: in each case in operation, when the measurement error value of the inlet and outlet water temperature reaches 0.2℃, the "0 value correction" of this item must be carried out immediately In order to prevent the EER error from exceeding the allowable error value, and record the error value and time of each "zero value correction", check the change regularity of the time and day interval after a period of time, and select the smallest interval so that the EER group data error will not expand and continue Maintain its accuracy. This means that it must be carried out once a week or once a month or once a week at the beginning of the case operation and wait until the regularity is clear and extended to once a month, so that the error of the EER group data will not expand and continue to maintain its accuracy. Note: No. I628425 temperature difference error 0 value correction: Because the accuracy of the actual temperature sensor is +/-0.5℃ as the standard, that is, the error of the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water and ice brine is most likely to be up to 1.0℃. In this case, when measuring the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water temperature of the refrigerating air-conditioning main unit EER, its accuracy hides the maximum error of 20~40%. Cover, the aforementioned temperature difference is 5.0°C at full load, 2.5°C at 50% load, and The error is 1.0°C÷5.0°C=20%, 1.0°C÷2.5°C=40% percentage. Therefore, the maximum error caused by 20-40% is unacceptable, so this correction technology is in great need.) The present invention During the calibration, the computer operator must wait for the on-site operator to indicate that the host has reached the stop state, and then the screen button can change the inlet and outlet water temperature to the same value on the computer screen (that is, the specified cooling water inlet and ice brine outlet shall prevail), and Record the corrected correction value in the database. This "zero value correction" technology can make the temperature difference error value 0. Nowadays, the air-conditioning industry has not yet adopted the construction specification design.

Step S3 of the whole system energy-saving inspection corrosion rate of the air-conditioning project is based on the case by case the water quality and quantity of the whole system of the project and the scale rate designed in the specification, the heat exchanger simulation machine is used to detect the scale rate, or the crystallization kinetics is used to detect the scale. Fouling rate, or the operating value reduction rate for inspection; another test piece (mild steel or copper) as the representative corrosion rate of pipeline equipment for inspection, to provide the entire system of air-conditioning engineering anti-scaling and anti-corrosion efficiency test. In other words, the energy-saving test of the entire system of the air-conditioning project of the present invention The corrosion rate steps and the energy-saving of a stand-alone machine use the same two detection methods. However, when the energy-saving detection of a stand-alone machine is performed, the anti-scaling and anti-corrosion treatment capacity and operation of each main engine and auxiliary cooling water pump, ice water pump, and water treatment pump are independent. Calculation and operation (please refer to the detailed description in paragraph 0039). However, the energy-saving detection of the present invention adopts the cooling water flow and merges it into a parallel common pipe. Therefore, the design and construction technology of the water quality change cooperates with the operation of the main engine, and the whole system of the project and the single machine For different technical considerations. When the operating value decrease amplitude is used for testing, the present invention establishes the monthly decrease amplitude and lower limit of the operating value to test the anti-scaling efficiency.

Therefore, the whole system energy-saving inspection corrosion rate step S3 of the air-conditioning project is based on the case-by-case energy-saving inspection, using one of three methods: heat exchanger simulation equipment inspection, crystallization kinetics inspection, or operating value drop detection method for review or tracking According to the results, the contractor shall submit the technical data of the inspection method according to the corrosion rate of the individual case. The basis is stated in the construction method for review (actual performance verification procedure). After passing, the construction and supervision will be carried out, and the warranty tracking procedure will be carried out after completion. , Which means that the warranty is tracked in accordance with the inspection procedures for approval.

The anti-scaling improvement benefit calculation step S4 is the calculation of economic benefits based on the economic benefits of the entire system of the air-conditioning project as described above to facilitate budget preparation to obtain financial support. The anti-scaling improvement benefit calculation step is calculated based on two parts of benefits, one of which is electricity saving. The benefit calculation formula is as follows: power saving = △kW/RT x RT _peak x% _average x annual operating hours----(3)

Power saving rate△kW/RT=kW/RT _{previous specification-} kW/RT _{design specification} -----------(4)

1kW/RT=3.516/COP=3.024/EER------------------------(5)

Economic benefit of electricity saving = electricity saving x average electricity price----------------------(6)

Among them, the unit of EER is kcal/Wh,% _average : annual average load.

In addition, the corrosion rate relates to the usable thickness of the pipeline. Conventionally, 1.0mm is used to estimate the service life and the thickness of the allowable corrosion is used. If it exceeds it, it will easily appear in hundreds of thousands of pipeline welds, bends, and joints. Water leakage phenomenon. Taiwan’s common refrigeration and air-conditioning piping specifications are 8-inch B pipes with a thickness of 7mm, and the traditional chemical method has an anti-corrosion rate control of 4mpy (1mpy=0.025mm/year, 4mpy=0.10) mm/year=1.0mm/10 years), the service life is 10 years; the standard design of the corrosion protection rate of the present invention is increased to 2mpy (2mpy=0.05mm/year=1.0mm/20 years), and the service life is 20 years; meaning that the two phases are compared , The service life is extended from 10 years to 20 years. The calculation formula for the annual benefit of corrosion is as follows: (engineering cost/traditional service life)-(engineering cost/improved service life)

Please further refer to the second figure, which is an embodiment of the application of the responsible construction method of the present invention to the entire system of air conditioning engineering. As shown in the figure, the cooling water of each ice water host 21, 22, 23, 24 in the entire system of air conditioning engineering The flow is combined into a parallel common pipe, which flows out from the same group of cooling towers 3 and flows back to the circulating water supply after heat dissipation. The circulating water supply is calculated based on the total tonnage of the system mainframe, and the above-mentioned water volume adjustment calculation formula and water quality adjustment calculation formula are used to complete the project. The system's water supply flow, discharge, water quality calculation and anti-scaling effect are explained as follows:

[Calculation formula of water quality and quantity]

The heat dissipation of the ice water main engine 21, 22, 23, 24 (Note: the air compressor and heat exchanger of the whole engineering system are similarly calculated) is converted to RT number by 3,900kcal/h/RT, and the evaporation heat of 30℃ water is 580kcal/kg, water density 1kg/L, evaporation E per cooling ton is 3,900/580=6.724L/h/RT; based on the concentration factor 6.06 times (the formula for the concentration factor value is: the upper limit divided by the conductivity of the supplementary water For example: the supplemental water is taken from tap water, the conductivity is 330 micromhos, the calcium hardness is 150ppm, and the upper limit of the cooling water is 2,000 micromhos, then the concentration factor is 2,000/330=6.06 times.) Substitute the aforementioned supplement. The water flow formula, the supplementary water flow M=nE/(n-1)=6.06/(6.06-1)*6.724=8.053L/h/RT; and the discharge water flow B=E/(n-1 )=1/(6.06-1)*6.724=1.19L/h/RT.

Taking makeup water flow rate M=8.053L/h/RT, discharge water hardness of 150*6.06=909ppm and 1,000RT host system (500RT*1+200RT*2+100RT*1=1,000RT) as an example, the calculation is as follows: System load (the following loads refer to system load) at 100%, supplemental water flow M=8.053*1000=8,053L/h, calcium hardness inflow is 150mg/L*8,053=1,207.9g/L (1ppm=1mg/L) , Discharge water volume=1,328.9L/h, calcium hardness discharge volume=909*1,328.9=1,207.9 g/L; when the load is 80%, the supplemental water flow rate M=8,053*80%=6,442L/h, the calcium hardness inflow rate is 150mg/L*6,442=966.3g/L, the discharge water rate=1,063.1L/h, calcium hardness Discharge amount=909*1,063.1=966.3g/L; when the load is 60%, the supplemental water flow rate M=8,053*60%=4,832L/h, the calcium hardness inflow rate is 150mg/L*4,832=617.0g/L, the discharge water amount =797.3L/h, calcium hardness emission =909*797.3=724.8g/L. The responsible construction method of the present invention can be based on the calcium hardness of the inflowing cooling water through supplementary water flow, discharge flow and calcium hardness increase and decrease data (see Table 1; the present invention must pay attention to the calcium hardness of the adjustment water and water quality in accordance with the actual operation. The increase or decrease is "0".), it changes proportionally with the load, and the calcium hardness discharge also changes with the load, and is the same as the inflow (that is, the calcium hardness of the cooling water is not affected by the load), such as the feed water flow, The interaction of discharge volume and water quality can achieve a system-wide anti-fouling effect.

Please continue to refer to Table 1. The construction specifications for the operation requirements of equipment with different specifications and capacity and tonnage are calculated as follows, for example: There is a refrigeration and air conditioning system host 500RT*1, 200RT*2, 100RT*1, and a total of 1,000RT. When the technical stand-alone operation is 500RT*1*60%, 200RT*1*90%, 200RT*1*80%, and a total of 640RT, the auxiliary cooling water pump, ice water pump, and water treatment pump of the three main engines must be started. Among them, the cooling water pump, The ice water pumps are all high-horsepower energy-consuming, and the water treatment pumps are small-horsepower energy-consuming, that is, the anti-scale and anti-corrosion treatment capacity and operation of each host are independently calculated and operated. The present invention combines the cooling water flow of each ice water host 21, 22, 23, 24 into a parallel common pipe (as shown in the second figure), and only needs to operate the refrigeration and air-conditioning host 500RT*1*91.5%, 200RT*1*91.5 % And the auxiliary cooling water pump, ice water pump, and water pump of the two main engines can be started, 500RT*1*91.5%+200RT*1*91.5%=640RT. Refer to Table 2 for the comparison of the two operation modes and their energy consumption. Since the processor is 1,000RT, it is enough to deal with its anti-scaling problem. The scale processor and impurity separator do not need to be operated separately. The load, supplemental water flow, calcium hardness inflow, discharge water flow, and calcium hardness discharge are as described above. Calculated, the order is 64%, 5,154L/h, 773.1g/L, 850.5L/h, 773.1g/L, and the increase or decrease of calcium hardness is still 0g/L; in the same way, the previous technology runs the same total tonnage separately When the load, supplemental water flow, calcium hardness inflow, discharge water flow, and calcium hardness discharge are calculated according to the previous calculation, the order is 500RT*60%, 2.416L/h, 362.4g/L, 398.7L/h, 362.4g/L; 200RT*90%, 1,450L/h, 217.4g/L, 239.2L/h, 217.4g/L; 200RT*80%, 1,288L/h, 193.3g/L, 212.6L/h, 193.3g/L, the increase or decrease of calcium hardness of the cooling water of each main engine is still 0g/L. That is to say, the integrated scale treatment step S1 of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion and the construction step S2 of low fouling and low corrosion after the water system of the present invention is connected in parallel can function without being affected by the increase or decrease of calcium hardness. In short, the systemic scale treatment of the refrigerating and air-conditioning system of the present invention and the prior-art stand-alone treatment (No. 107117591) are different in the design and construction technology of water quality changes in cooperation with the host operation.

Regarding energy-saving and anti-scaling improvement, group control and steady-state technology (including operation and selection) technology has been frequently encountered in refrigeration and air-conditioning projects in recent years with equipment of different specifications and capacities, tonnage, but serious scale and corrosion waste abound; monitoring energy saving The algorithm still only uses dynamic EER data rather than steady-state EER data and technology. The present invention solves this problem due to the low fouling and low corrosion design and construction method, and further adopts the steady-state EER technology with reproducibility and scientifically correct requirements, that is, eliminates the distortion dynamic energy consumption of load lifting and lowering, and calculates the steady state The total energy consumption of EER data is a truly optimized group control technology. The real energy-saving optimized energy consumption sum is obtained by the following calculation formula: Total energy consumption of a single temperature load = Σ Single main engine kW _{single temperature load} ---------------(7)

The total energy consumption of a single temperature load, _{steady state} = (Σ a single host kW _{single temperature load} ) _{steady state} ------ (8)

Equation (7) is the sum of dynamic energy consumption including load-up and drop-down, and the calculation formula (8) is the sum of steady-state energy consumption. The total energy consumption of each temperature load condition is in accordance with equations (7) and (8) Calculate it.

An example of the steady-state technology of the host operation group control of the present invention: According to the Energy Bureau, the COP=6.1, EER=5.25kcal/hW for the 500RT centrifugal host, and the COP=4.90 for the 200RT spiral host, EER=4.21kcal/hW, 100RT COP=4.45, EER=3.83kcal/hW of screw type main engine, its energy consumption is 500*3.516/6.1=500*3.024/5.25=288.2kW, similarly calculated as 143.51kW (200RT), 79.01kW (100RT) . These are the cooling water inlet temperature of 30°C, the ice water outlet temperature of 7°C, and the load is 100% steady-state energy consumption. The total energy consumption of the aforementioned host group under a single temperature load=288.2kW+143.51*2kW+79.01kW=654.23kW. There is a 200RT main engine in the group whose energy consumption of 130kW due to load reduction is a transient value, which is not scientifically reproducible. The total energy consumption of the warm load = 288.2kW+143.51kW+130kW+79.01kW=640.72kW, Although it is lower than the steady-state 654.23kW, because of the law of conservation of energy, the air conditioning capacity is lower than the thermal load after load reduction and must be converted to load-up to maintain the space temperature and humidity. When the load is increased, the total energy consumption of the warm load=288.2kW+143.51kW+180kW+79.01kW=690.72kW. It can be seen that the group control dynamic technology of 640.72kW and 690.72kW (the average value of the two=665.72>654.23, 690.72-640.72=60kW is the illusory energy saving difference that violates the conservation of energy) shows the original distortion after the steady-state EER test of the present invention. Reproducibility, which is false (distortion) rather than true The optimization can be based on the poor efficiency of the main engine in lower load and higher load operation. The present invention checks the distortion data, so that the energy saving optimization is still 654.23kW instead of the distortion 640.72kW and 690.72kW, achieving truly optimized group control. Since the air-conditioning host needs to operate throughout the year, the group control steady-state technology of the present invention can only have the truly optimal energy-saving performance through daily inspections.

In addition to the steady-state EER group obtained above, the steady-state EER group can also be obtained according to the construction of a steady-state operation program. In other words, the steady-state operation program is obtained by analyzing the operation records of the refrigerating and air-conditioning main unit during actual operation. After the daily stable period, the stable period is constructed and stored. Once the steady-state EER group of the refrigeration and air-conditioning main unit in the field operation is measured, as long as it can meet the steady-state requirements of CNS 12575, it is regarded as the steady-state EER group. In other words, the stable EER group is constructed. In the state operation program, the operation record selects the time period when the main engine operation heat load source is stable to obtain the steady state EER group. The operation sequence is as follows: (1) Find the stable time period of the next day from the meter reading record or the operation database; (2) ) Check the heat load variation factor on the day of measurement to confirm whether the external load factor (heat load variation factor) is stable. For example, if the 500RT main engine runs at 80% load, 400RT (400*3024=1,209,600) has been provided. kCal/h) to remove the on-site heat load capacity; (3) At this time, change the automatic to manual operation for more than 10 minutes, each time with an interval of 5 minutes, 2 consecutive times, a total of 3; (4) capture (record) At this time, the operating data has been manually eliminated the only internal factors that change the load-up/down-load signal. If the three thermal balance values are all less than the tolerance value, the operating data is the steady-state EER data. Furthermore, the calculation formula of the built-in steady-state EER of the present invention can be used to check and confirm the stored 3 records (steady-state EER operation data records) twice consecutively at an interval of 5 minutes each time. The meter reading data can be verified through excel. The calculation confirms that the balance values of the three heats are all ≤ the allowable difference value; if so, it is confirmed that the refrigerating and air-conditioning main unit is operating in a steady state at that time. The advantage of the present invention is that the main engine automatic mode originally has a transient operation that is approximately steady-state for a short time, but it does not clearly meet the steady-state requirements of CNS 12575, and has no industrial use value. However, the aforementioned series of steps of the steady-state operation procedure of the present invention can be used. Make the host meet the steady-state requirements and have practical value for industrial use. Especially in the trial run stage and the initial operation stage after completion, the refrigeration and air-conditioning main unit is often in unsteady operation. The steady-state operation procedure of the present invention ensures the acquisition of steady-state EER data by changing automatic operation to manual operation for more than 10 minutes, which is an invaluable treasure for future reference and comparison.

Furthermore, the operating value reduction detection method takes the steady-state EER of a new machine or clean copper pipe after pickling as 100%. The design requires that the corrosion rate of the new machine must be more than 90% after one year. The rate curve is (100%-90%)/12 months=0.83%/month of decline, the first month low limit is 100%-0.83%=99.2%, the second to 12th months of decline And the low limit is shown in Table 3.

In other words, the present invention can use the aforementioned established anti-scaling efficiency test data to be used in the system's construction specifications or the comparison of the anti-scaling efficiency of equipment in operation, which is equivalent to the anti-scaling efficiency test of the scale treatment. (Note: Step S3 of the energy-saving inspection corrosion rate of the whole system of the air-conditioning project of the present invention is carried out on a case-by-case basis for energy-saving testing using heat exchanger simulation equipment testing and crystallization kinetic testing, please refer to [0009] for related descriptions.)

Regarding the calculation of the anti-scaling improvement benefit, step S4 is based on the fact that the refrigeration and air-conditioning system of department stores operates for 365 days and 12 hours based on the collection of examples, plus the extended operating hours before the Spring Festival and special holidays, the annual average load is 70%.

According to the regulations of the Energy Administration, the COP=6.1, EER=5.25kcal/hW of the 500RT centrifugal main engine, and the converted kW/RT design specification=0.576kW/RT. According to the previous specifications, the actual operation EER decreased by 33.125% according to the actual measurement of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The present invention achieves the anti-fouling effect, so EER _fouling = 5.25 x (100-33.125)% = 3.511kcal/hW, converted to kW/RT, the _{previous specification} = 0.861kW/ RT. According to formula (6), calculate the average power saving rate △kW/RT=0.861-0.576=0.285kW/RT. Calculate according to formula (5) (power saving = △kW/RT x RT _peak x% _average x annual operating hours)

Power saving = 0.285kW/RT x 500RT x 70% x 365 x 12 = 437,378kWh

The average electricity price of the mall is NT$3.47/kWh, and the annual electricity cost savings is 3.47 yuan/kWh x 437,378kWh=1,517,702 yuan/year.

The calculation example of the anti-corrosion economic benefit of the present invention is as follows: Taking [0038] the 1,000RT device system in the previous example, the general engineering cost is calculated to be 40 million yuan, and if it can be used for 10 years, the annual depreciation cost is 4 million yuan/year. ; If it can be used for 20 years, the annual depreciation fee is 2 million yuan/year. Taking the same 20 years as the life cycle, the depreciation costs of the two are compared as follows: 4 million yuan / year = 80 million yuan / 20 years

2 million yuan / year = 40 million yuan / 20 years

80 million yuan / 20 years-40 million yuan / 20 years = 40 million yuan / 20 years

If the corrosion rate is modified in the standard design, the same method must be used to calculate the economic benefits, which means that the useful life and depreciation expenses are first estimated, and then the difference between the calculation formula of the original corrosion rate is calculated.

The aforementioned anti-scaling and anti-corrosion technologies are one technique and two effects, so the electricity cost is saved 1,517,702 yuan/year = 30,350,040 yuan/20 years, which is calculated at 30.35 million yuan/20 years, which must be calculated together with depreciation expenses. The combined calculation of the economic benefits of scale and corrosion prevention is 30.35 million yuan / 20 years + 40 million yuan / 20 years = 70.35 million yuan / 20 years. Compared with the previous technology, the economic benefits of the 20-year life cycle are 70.35 million yuan in terms of cost multiples. /20 years ÷ 40 million yuan = 1.759 times. This shows that the economic benefit of scale and corrosion prevention of the present invention is as high as 1.759 times the cost, which is extremely valuable.

The low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering of the present invention provides the design of the entire system construction specification of the air-conditioning engineering. The specification uses the steady-state EER group control of the refrigeration and air-conditioning mainframe and the method of operation and selection: collect one after completion Full-scale temperature load and EER operating value (the operating value is the steady state value, the operating EER is the dynamic value) after the second month or the second year to establish the daily for each ice machine in the previous month or the previous year The steady-state EER energy-saving operation database (referred to as "steady-state database") divided into groups according to temperature load. From the steady-state database, you can search for cross-month or annual data, and then compare The steady state EER of the same temperature load condition can show the aging phenomenon of the mainframe year by year, which can be used as a basis for replacing the mainframe and avoiding wrong replacement. In particular, after the Energy Bureau 940101 promoted the "Energy Efficiency Standard for Ice Water Engines", the performance and efficiency of ice water engines has been greatly improved. The replacement is no longer like the previous aging phenomenon plus the performance and efficiency of new models. Two factors, but without the present invention, the steady state Based on the energy-saving data of the database, the wrong decision that the performance efficiency is still good but is replaced is still unavoidable. In addition, because the annual load distribution curve is quite consistent with the seasonal and periodical outdoor temperature and humidity, the present invention can operate as a host based on the temperature load group and steady-state EER chart established based on the aforementioned full-scale steady-state database. The important basis for machine selection decision-making is to make up for the frustration of previously having no steady-state data, and the operational decision-making must (1) feel the error of the machine selection; or (2) improperly based on the variability of dynamic data. Since the cooling water pump and the ice water pump in the machine room operate together with the host, the group control steady-state technology of the present invention can be determined in advance based on the load estimation combined with the aforementioned steady-state EER chart and the weather forecast for the whole year. Avoid (1) frequent start and stop damage to the host, or (2) when a temporary situation that cannot be started due to sudden start-up is unsatisfactory, the operator can't respond in time to cause insufficient cooling, resulting in lower process quality and yield and lower production capacity. . The steps are as follows: each host capacity (RT) number and steady-state database establishment → each host 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% operation Steady-state database → weather forecast of the day → refrigeration and air-conditioning load calculation → select the host based on the calculated RT number so that the total capacity >= calculated value → when there are hosts with the same RT number → select the higher EER based on the steady-state database to operate. To achieve the purpose of energy saving. The first feature of the present invention is that the temperature scale of the original temperature load is 0.1℃, the load scale is 0.1%, and the steady-state EER group is calculated only based on the original temperature load conditions; Classification as a reserve database; the third feature is that the refrigeration and air-conditioning load is calculated by the database to select the machine [Note: The difference with No. I628425 is that the No. I628425 is (1) The original temperature load is further divided into integer temperature ( The difference between the two is about 10 times) and the steady state EER group recalculated under the temperature load group conditions of the full ten load (the difference is about 100 times), the two are quite different; (2) No steady state database; (3) No operation Choose machine. ]

Moreover, the economic benefit estimation belongs to the enterprise management technology. The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry is not familiar with scale and corrosion prevention, and very few of the quality functions, even if they have established technical indicators, are only used for water treatment equipment projects (belonging to the applicant’s previous application. No. 107117591), not to mention the economic benefit estimation of the whole project, so that as long as it can be perfunctory, it is deemed to have been quite conscientious, and it is even difficult to accept the physical method with a price as high as 5-8 times that of the chemical method. The construction specification of the present invention uses the economic benefits of the entire project as the benchmark. The difference is that the price and economic efficiency comparison benchmarks are based on the entire project, not the water treatment equipment item. The entire project cost is much higher than the water treatment single item. ~8 times the price difference conversion project cost percentage only changed from 1~1.5% to 5~10%, and the total price error range in the bidding and bargaining process during the contract issuance stage, especially the economic benefit is as high as 120~160%, which means completion The total value of the transfer to the owner plus the construction cost is as high as 220~260%. This benefit of the owner has become the main reason for accepting the improvement of the engineering technology of the present invention.

In summary, the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the present invention has advantages including: cross-field integration of refrigeration and air conditioning, computers, monitoring, chemical energy conservation and corrosion prevention, verification and analysis of construction specifications, setting of monitoring connections, providing temperature, load, energy consumption, and water quality According to the design and construction specifications for technicians and contractors in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, they can provide the entire system of refrigeration and air-conditioning projects for energy-saving construction with low fouling and corrosion. In addition, the specification uses this program as a basis to integrate high-level water treatment chemical energy-saving and anti-corrosion technologies, monitoring connections, and database technologies across multiple fields. Each cross-field must be integrated to achieve the certification of the energy-saving improvement of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. ; The present invention will be easy to use because the total cost of systematic treatment in scale treatment is significantly lower than that of a single machine (No. 107117591); because the case No. 107117591 is a stand-alone scale treatment system with parallel pipelines, stand-alone operation and system There are often out-of-sync events in operation, so that there are often inconsistencies in functions that reduce functional events. In contrast, the scale processor of the present invention adopts processing capacity calculation, selection, and construction technologies that are matched with parallel pipeline configuration, so that the total cost of scale prevention reduces the cost, and achieves systematic effects and energy-saving improvements.

Furthermore, the economic benefit estimation belongs to the enterprise management technology. The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry is not familiar with scale and corrosion prevention. Very few of the quality functions have established technical indicators, but they are only used in the water treatment equipment project (No. 107117591), let alone As an estimate of the economic benefits of the entire project, it is difficult to accept the physical method with a price as high as 5 to 8 times that of the chemical method as long as it can be perfunctory. The budget, price, and economic benefits adopted in the construction specifications of the present invention are all based on the entire project, not the water treatment equipment project. The total project cost is much higher than the water treatment single project, with a price difference of 5 to 8 times. The conversion project cost percentage only changed from 1~1.5% to 5~10%, and within the total price error range in the bidding and bargaining process during the contract issuance stage, especially the economic benefit was as high as 120~160%, which was the main reason accepted by the owners.

In summary, the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project of the present invention can indeed achieve the purpose of the invention and meet the patent requirements of novelty, advancement and industrial use. The preferred embodiments of the invention are only, and all modifications and changes made according to the invention should still be included in the scope of this patent application.

S1‧‧‧Scaling treatment steps for anti-scaling and anti-corrosion

S2‧‧‧Low fouling and low corrosion construction steps

S3‧‧‧Energy-saving steps of the whole system of air-conditioning engineering to check the corrosion rate

S4‧‧‧Calculation steps of anti-scaling improvement benefit

Claims (9)

A low-fouling and low-corrosion responsibility construction method for refrigeration and air-conditioning projects. The energy-saving responsibility construction method includes: scale treatment steps for anti-fouling and corrosion prevention, low-fouling and low-corrosion construction steps, and energy-saving inspection of the corrosion rate of the entire system of the air-conditioning project Steps, wherein: the scale treatment step of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion combines the cooling water flow of each host in the entire refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering system into a parallel common pipe, which flows out of the same set of cooling towers and flows back to the circulating water after heat dissipation, and provides The total tonnage of the system host is the calculation basis and meets the actual water quality and quantity standards of the entire system. The scale treatment capacity reaches the specified effect of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion; The water treatment in the field operation through calculation and adjustment of water volume and water quality benchmarks, so that it changes proportionally with the load, so as to supplement the interaction of water flow, discharge, and water quality to achieve a system-wide effect of low fouling and low corrosion; the air conditioning project The whole system energy-saving inspection corrosion scale rate step is designed according to the case specification. The scale rate of the whole engineering system is tested by heat exchanger simulation equipment, or by crystallization kinetics, or by the reduction of operating value; The test piece (mild steel or copper) is used as the representative corrosion rate of the pipeline and equipment to be tested, and it provides the efficiency test of the anti-scaling and anti-corrosion of the entire system of the air-conditioning project. For example, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction method of refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering described in the scope of patent application, in which the entire system energy-saving inspection corrosion rate step of the air-conditioning engineering uses heat exchanger simulation equipment to test, depending on the individual corrosion rate Use simulated heat exchangers to test the effectiveness of scale treatment; when using crystallization kinetics to detect the fouling rate, test the effectiveness of calcium carbonate crystal growth rate for inhibiting fouling based on the scale rate of each case; when using the operating value drop detection method, depending on the case The corrosion rate is based on the steady-state EER of a new machine or clean copper pipe after pickling as the reference value, and other dates are set as the operating value, and the operating value reduction or low limit value is performed to test the anti-scaling effect. As described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the responsible construction party for low fouling and low corrosion of refrigeration and air-conditioning projects In each case, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction step is further designed when the measurement error value of the inlet and outlet water temperature reaches 0.2℃ in each case, the "zero value correction" must be carried out immediately to prevent the EER error from exceeding the allowable error value. And record the error value and time of each "zero value correction", check the regularity of the time and day interval after a period of time, select the smallest interval, so that the EER group data error will not expand and continue to maintain its accuracy, or standard design It must be done once a week or once a month or once a week at the beginning of the case operation, and after the regularity is clarified, it will be extended to once a month, so that the error of the EER group data will not be enlarged, and its accuracy will continue to be maintained. For example, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction method of refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering described in the scope of patent application, which further includes the calculation step of anti-scaling improvement benefit, which uses the whole project as the basis to calculate the economic benefit. The reduction in depreciation loss is set as the economic benefit of corrosion prevention plus the benefit of power saving; the calculation formula for power saving is as follows: power saving = △kW/RT x RT _peak x% _average x annual operating hours----(3) power saving rate △kW /RT=kW/RT _{previous specification-} kW/RT _{design specification} ------------(4)1kW/RT=3.516/COP=3.024/EER---------- ----------------(5) Economic benefit of electricity saving = electricity saving x average electricity price---------------------- (6) Among them, the unit of EER is kcal/Wh,% _average : annual average load. A steady-state operation program for implementing the low-scale and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the steady-state operation program is based on the scale prevention and corrosion prevention In the processing step, the whole system of the project is based on the water quality and quantity of water treatment real-time operation to establish a steady-state operation program. The steady-state operation program uses the operation record to select the period of time when the heat load source of the main engine is stable, and cooperate with the establishment of the main engine operation mode. Change and obtain the steady-state EER group (COP, EER, kW/RT). In other words, the steady-state operation procedure is based on the operation records of the refrigeration and air-conditioning main unit in the actual operation. After analysis, the daily stable time period is obtained. Time period construction and storage. To determine the steady-state EER group of the refrigeration and air-conditioning main unit in real-time operation, as long as the stable time In the paragraph, the actual operation of the refrigeration and air-conditioning mainframe is changed from automatic operation to manual operation. After 2 consecutive operations at least 5 minutes at an interval of each time, 3 heat balance values are measured. If the 3 heat balance values are all less than the tolerance value, The measured dynamic EER group at that time is regarded as the steady-state EER group, which can meet the steady-state requirements of CNS 12575. For example, the low-fouling and low-corrosion construction method of refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering described in the scope of patent application, in which the database of the operation record is exported through software to export the original data of the load, load, and steady state to excel The file is provided for the owner’s verification, and the original data is dynamic EER. After exporting the three types of data, it can be calculated through the excel program to manually verify the correctness of the steady-state EER of the statistical method and the computer program of the CNS 12575 steady-state EER. A group control steady-state technology for realizing the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of the refrigeration and air-conditioning project as described in any one of claim items 1-4 or 5-6, the group control steady-state technology In the scale treatment step of anti-scaling and anti-corrosion, the dynamic EER is passed through Method 1: Steady-state EER that removes non-steady-state data before averaging, or Method 2: The total energy consumption of steady-state EER is obtained by the thermal balance method , Excluding the phantom energy-saving difference between load-up and load-down energy consumption data is worthy of energy-saving optimization group. For example, the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering described in item 7 of the scope of patent application, in which the group control steady-state technology calculates the total energy consumption of the steady-state EER, which is truly energy-saving and optimized. The total calculation formula is as follows: the total energy consumption of a single temperature load = Σ a single main engine kW _{a single temperature load} ---------------(7) The total energy consumption of a single temperature load, _{steady state} = (Σ single Main engine kW _{single temperature load} ) _{Steady state} -----(8) Formula (7) is the sum of dynamic energy consumption including load increase and load reduction, and formula (8) is the sum of steady state energy consumption, each temperature load The total energy consumption of the conditions is calculated according to formula (7) and formula (8). For example, the low-fouling and low-corrosion responsible construction method of refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering described in item 7 of the scope of patent application, in which the group control steady-state technology further establishes the mechanism for operating the selection and energy-saving replacement of equipment Yes, it is to collect a full-scale temperature load and EER operating value (steady-state value) after the second month or the second year after the establishment of the previous month or the previous year, each of the various equipment of the entire system of the air-conditioning project The steady-state EER energy-saving steady-state database is divided into groups according to the temperature load on a daily basis. The steady-state database searches for data across months or years, and compares the operating values under the same temperature load conditions. The temperature load group is uniformly dependent on the load distribution throughout the year. Group and steady state EER chart trends are used as the benchmark for main engine operation and selection, as well as the basis for energy-saving replacement of various machines.

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