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TWI724155B - 一種包含功能性薄膜之層合玻璃 - Google Patents

一種包含功能性薄膜之層合玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI724155B
TWI724155B TW106112722A TW106112722A TWI724155B TW I724155 B TWI724155 B TW I724155B TW 106112722 A TW106112722 A TW 106112722A TW 106112722 A TW106112722 A TW 106112722A TW I724155 B TWI724155 B TW I724155B
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Taiwan
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film
laminated glass
plasticizer
weight
item
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TW106112722A
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English (en)
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TW201819181A (zh
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烏 凱樂
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德商可樂麗歐洲有限公司
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本發明有關一種層合玻璃，其係由兩個玻璃片所組成，該玻璃片間夾層有至少一個包含一聚乙烯縮醛PA與視情況至少一塑化劑WA之薄膜A、至少一個包含一聚乙烯縮醛PB與至少一塑化劑WB之薄膜B、及聚合物薄膜C，其特徵在於- 薄膜A包括小於16重量%塑化劑WA，- 薄膜B包括至少16重量%塑化劑WB，- 薄膜C包括聚醯胺、聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、聚對酞酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、纖維素乙酸酯或離聚物，且其中薄膜C係位於薄膜A與薄膜B之間。

Description

一種包含功能性薄膜之層合玻璃
本發明有關一種層合玻璃，包括功能化聚合物薄膜，其被夾心介於以聚乙烯縮醛為主、具有高及低塑化劑含量之兩個薄膜間。
已知將細薄、視情況官能化聚合物薄膜嵌入層板，提供具額外特色如熱屏蔽或改良的抗穿透性之層合玻璃。此目的中，廣泛使用PET薄膜，因為他們具有高彈性模數及良好抗熱性，且可易於例如用熱屏蔽材料濺射予以功能化。
為了製造具熱屏蔽性質之層合玻璃片，以IR吸收或IR反射方式塗布之PET薄膜被嵌埋介於複數層含塑化劑之聚乙烯縮醛間。此系統具有總是必須使用3個薄膜層的缺點(1個功能化PET、2個PVB薄膜)，因為PET無法直接融於玻璃表面上。此技術敘述例如於US2011/00767473。然而，功能化PET薄膜無法黏於玻璃，因此須被嵌埋介於兩個黏著層間。此夾心結構難以處理，且若使用標準黏著層，則相當厚。
對此作為選項，WO2005/059013A1提出用特殊印刷油墨印刷PVB薄膜，塗敷熱吸收奈米顆粒。然而，薄膜對玻璃表面之黏著性可被印刷不利地影響。
由於PVB薄膜必須具有粗糙表面以便無困難地移除層合過程之空氣，在與玻璃表面壓製過後，塗敷那裡的PET薄膜很可能將是光學不 平坦。此外，印刷塑化厚膜腹板係困難的，因為如此薄膜未捲繞時是伸長的，然後可再次收縮回去。
問題
本發明提出的問題因此提供一種包括視情況官能化聚合物薄膜之中間薄膜層，而未犧牲汽車或建築窗戶所需之層合鑲嵌玻璃的必要安全性及厚度性質。
已發現例如由PET製造之聚合物薄膜可有利地組合以具有低量或沒有塑化劑之聚乙烯縮醛為主的薄膜，且此等薄膜可用層合玻璃層板之典型製造方法而直接融於其中之一玻璃表面。
組合由含塑化劑的聚乙烯縮醛形成之至少一層，然後可獲得層合玻璃層板平常所需的安全性。
本發明因此有關一種層合玻璃，其係由兩個玻璃片所組成，該玻璃片間夾層有至少一個包含一聚乙烯縮醛PA與視情況至少一塑化劑WA之薄膜A、至少一個包含一聚乙烯縮醛PB與至少一塑化劑WB之薄膜B、及聚合物薄膜C，其特徵在於- 薄膜A包括小於16重量%塑化劑WA，- 薄膜B包括至少16重量%塑化劑WB，- 薄膜C包括聚醯胺、聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、聚對酞酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、纖維素乙酸酯或離聚物，且其中薄膜C係位於薄膜A與薄膜B之間。
A‧‧‧薄膜A
B‧‧‧薄膜B
C‧‧‧薄膜C
圖1、薄膜A與B具有與玻璃片相同的尺寸，薄膜C具有更小的尺寸，造成薄膜A與B之間直接接觸於層板周圍。
圖2、薄膜A與C具有相同尺寸、但較薄膜B更小的尺寸，造成兩個玻璃片與薄膜B直接接觸於層板及封裝薄膜A與C周圍。
薄膜C較好具有厚度範圍介於10至1000μm、較好20至500μm、更好30至200μm、最好40至150μm。薄膜A厚度係10至150μm、較好20至120μm。
在發明較好具體化中，根據DIN EN ISO 527-1/527-3(23℃/30%RH)時，薄膜C於10%伸長率之拉伸應力係至少100%薄膜B拉伸應力、較好於150%薄膜B、最好200%薄膜B於10%伸長率之拉伸應力。此具體化提供層合玻璃有增強的抗穿透性。
在另外具體化中，提供薄膜C有熱屏蔽功能。術語「熱屏蔽功能」係指如下測量具有減少的總太陽透光率(TTS)之薄膜：TTS(呈基膜的薄膜C)-TTS(具熱屏蔽性質的薄膜C)>10%、>12.5%、>15%、>17.5%或>20%。
測量總太陽透光率(TTS)係根據ISO 13837：2008(v=14m/s；數值呈%)，在由2 x 2.1mm透明玻璃(例如PlaniluxTM)及標準汽車薄膜作為薄膜B(例如TROSIFOL VG R10 0.76)組合薄膜C與A組成之試驗層板，相較於層板，各自作為無熱屏蔽功能的薄膜，其中薄膜C具有熱屏蔽功能。
此外，具熱屏蔽功能的薄膜C可定義為高比率的光透射(TL，根據EN 410；2011，數值呈%)與熱屏蔽效能。根據發明所用熱屏蔽薄膜C較好具有TL/TTS商大於1.2或大於1.25或大於1.30或大於1.35或大於1.40。
薄膜C之熱屏蔽功能可由例如含有銀、金、銦、鋁或銠之金 屬塗料提供。塗料可具有厚度1至500nm且可由例如化學汽相沉積法塗敷。如此熱屏蔽薄膜之良好商業實例為EASTMAN’s XIR® SOLAR CONTROL FILMS，其由帶有不同種類金屬塗料之PET基材薄膜組成，其反射熱輻射但保留相對高的光透射。
在另外具體化中，薄膜C可含有熱屏蔽顆粒，例如ITO、ATO、AZO、IZO、銻酸鋅、摻雜錫的氧化鋅、摻雜矽的氧化鋅、摻雜鎵的氧化鋅、鎢酸鹽(例如LiWO3、NaWO3、CsWO3)、六硼化鑭或六硼化鈰。
在進一步具體化中，薄膜A及/或B可含有前述熱屏蔽顆粒。薄膜A及/或B之熱屏蔽性質可對薄膜C之熱屏蔽功能另外或分開提供。
熱屏蔽顆粒較好具有平均直徑5至500nm。在薄膜A、B及/或C之中或之上，熱屏蔽顆粒比例可為1至20重量%、較好2至10重量%。在薄膜B之中或之上，熱屏蔽顆粒比例可為0.05至2重量%、較好0.2至1重量%。
薄膜A及/或C可包括導電結構，例如電熱線、天線或具有光學功能之其他層，或可被裝飾性印刷。若薄膜C係金屬化，如此塗料亦可被用作電阻加熱器。
在層合層前的起始態，及亦在位於層合玻璃層板之中間層堆中，薄膜A與B可含有單一塑化劑以及不同與相同組成物兩者之塑化劑混合物。術語「不同組成物」係指兩種類型的塑化劑及其於混合物比例。在薄膜C插入薄膜B與薄膜A間之玻璃層板部位中，可能沒有或僅有非常慢的塑化劑遷移於薄膜A與B之間。在沒有薄膜C之玻璃層板部位中(如在層合邊緣之切口或後切區域)，薄膜A與薄膜B較好在成品層板中具有相同塑化劑WA及WB。
根據發明所用含塑化劑之薄膜B包含至少16重量%、例如16.1至36.0重量%、較好22.0至32.0重量%、特別是26.0至30.0重量%塑化劑。
根據發明所用薄膜A可含有小於16重量%(例如15.9重量%)、小於12重量%、小於8重量%、小於6重量%、小於4重量%、小於3重量%、小於2重量%、小於1重量%或甚至無塑化劑(0.0重量%)。具低塑化劑含量之薄膜A較好含有0.0至8重量%塑化劑。
根據發明方法中，薄膜A具有厚度不大於20%、較好15%、較好不大於10%薄膜B厚度。
薄膜A厚度係10至150μm、較好20至120μm、較好30至100μm、較好40至80μm、最好50至70μm。
薄膜A係與薄膜B分開製造(例如擠壓)，完全不具塑化劑或具有小比例的塑化劑。對此情況，薄膜A配備有熱屏蔽顆粒，分散後者並未被如此低塑化劑含量不利地影響。
薄膜B厚度係450至2500μm、較好600至1000μm、較好700至900μm。當使用複數個薄膜B，這也適用於其總厚度。若薄膜B於製造夾心前被拉伸，及/或以彎曲方式額外適合屏幕(例如擋風)形狀，在層合時刻之特定厚度可再一次減少高達20%。
在根據發明玻璃層板中，至少一個薄膜A係相對玻璃層板的內部玻璃表面被定向，而至少一個薄膜C被封裝於薄膜A與薄膜B之間。亦可能令薄膜A鋪於兩個玻璃表面，以致提供具層序如玻璃/薄膜A/薄膜C/薄膜B/薄膜C/薄膜A/玻璃之層合玻璃。此處，裝飾薄膜A與C可為相同或不同。
在汽車鑲嵌玻璃情況中，對美學及穩定性理由而言，並非較好用密封劑密封層合玻璃層板的邊緣。此促進如此鑲嵌玻璃對邊緣缺陷形成之感受性，例如層互相分開(剝離)或IR吸收層腐蝕或化學改質達到遠達層板邊緣。
根據發明方法中，薄膜C可被裁切且放置適當位置，以致其未達到層合玻璃層板中每個地方遠達層板邊緣。特別是，薄膜C於邊緣部位可較至少一個玻璃片更小至少1mm，以致薄膜A與薄膜B於此邊緣部位互相直接接觸且係至少一個玻璃片。
在另外具體化中，薄膜A與C兩者較薄膜B小於至少1mm且係至少一個玻璃片，以致層板周圍專門被薄膜B密封，此情況中在此邊緣部位與兩個內部玻璃表面接觸。
再者，薄膜C可於插入玻璃/薄膜夾心前被打孔，以致其可呈任何幾何圖案具有開孔，例如通道、孔洞或狹縫。
薄膜C因而可具有至少一個開孔，以致借助此開孔，薄膜B與薄膜A互相直接接觸。特別是，開口因而可於層合玻璃點獲得，其背後感測器元件、光學元件及/或天線元件將在其他方面被如金屬熱屏蔽層阻礙。
薄膜C可具有尺寸且放置於層板適當位置，以致其並未令層合玻璃中每個地方達到層板的所有邊緣。特別是，薄膜可小於玻璃片及/薄膜B及/或薄膜A。
例如，薄膜A與B具有與玻璃片相同的尺寸，薄膜C具有更小的尺寸，造成薄膜A與B之間直接接觸於層板周圍。在另外具體化中，薄膜A與C具有相同尺寸、但較薄膜B更小的尺寸，造成兩個玻璃片與薄膜B直接接觸於層板及封裝薄膜A與C周圍。此等變異顯示於圖1及圖2。
在又另外具體化中，薄膜C可具有與薄膜A及B相同的尺寸(亦即100%)或小於99%、95%、90%、80%、60%、50%，較好小於40%、30%、20%、15%最終層合玻璃或層板中薄膜A及B之表面積。
根據發明所用薄膜A與B含有聚乙烯縮醛，其由聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物之縮醛化製造。
薄膜可含有聚乙烯縮醛，各具有不同聚乙烯醇含量、縮醛化程度、剩餘乙酸酯含量、乙烯比例、分子量及/或縮醛基的醛之不同鏈長。
特別是，用於製造聚乙烯縮醛之醛或酮基化合物可呈線型或分支(即「正」或「異」類型)具有2至10個碳原子，導致對應線型或分支縮醛基。聚乙烯縮醛因此被稱為「聚乙烯(正)縮醛」或「聚乙烯(異)縮醛」。
根據發明所用聚乙烯(正)縮醛特別起因於至少一種聚乙烯醇反應，其具一或多個含有2至10個碳原子之脂族未分支酮基化合物。為此目的，較好使用正丁醛。
用於製造薄膜A或B中聚乙烯縮醛之聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物可為相同或不同，純的或具不同聚合度或水解度的聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物之混合物。
使用皂化成適當程度之聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物可設立薄膜A或B中聚乙烯縮醛之聚乙酸乙烯酯含量。聚乙烯縮醛之極性被聚乙酸乙烯酯含量影響，藉以塑化劑相容性及個別層的機械強度亦改變。亦可能進行聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物與若干醛或酮基化合物之縮醛化作用。
薄膜A或B較好含有聚乙烯縮醛，其具有以層為基(相同或不同)之聚乙酸乙烯酯基比例0.1至20mol%、較好0.5至3mol%、或5至8mol%。
在起始態具有較低塑化劑含量的薄膜A所用聚乙烯縮醛PA之聚乙烯醇含量可介於6至26重量%、8至24重量%、10至22重量%、12至21重量%、14至20重量%、16至19重量%、較好介於16至21重量%或10至16重量%。
在起始態有較多塑化劑的薄膜B所用聚乙烯縮醛PB之聚乙烯醇含量可介於14至26重量%、16至24重量%、17至23重量%、較好介於18至21重量%。
薄膜A或B較好含有未交聯的聚乙烯縮醛。亦可能使用交聯的聚乙烯縮醛。交聯聚乙烯縮醛之方法係敘述例如於EP 1527107 B1及WO 2004/063231 A1(熱自交聯含有羧基的聚乙烯縮醛)、EP 1606325 A1(以聚醛交聯之聚乙烯縮醛)及WO 03/020776 A1(以乙醛酸交聯之聚乙烯縮醛)。
根據發明所用薄膜A及/或B可含有一或多種選自以下組群之化合物作為塑化劑：
- 多價脂族或芳香族酸的酯；例如己二酸二烷酯，如己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸己基環己酯、己二酸庚酯與己二酸壬酯的混合物、己二酸二異壬酯、己二酸庚基壬酯，己二酸與環脂族酯醇或含有醚化合物的酯醇之酯；癸二酸二烷酯，如癸二酸二丁酯，及亦癸二酸與環脂族酯醇或含有醚化合物的酯醇之酯；酞酸酯，例如酞酸丁基苄酯或酞酸雙-2-丁氧乙酯。
- 具一或多個未分支或分支脂族或芳香族取代基之多價脂族或芳香族醇或寡醚二醇的酯或醚，例如具線型或分支脂族或環脂族羧酸之甘油、二甘醇、三乙二醇或四乙二醇的酯；後者基實例包含二乙二醇-雙-(2-己酸乙酯)、三乙二醇-雙-(2-己酸乙酯)、三乙二醇-雙-(2-丁酸乙酯)、四乙二醇-雙-正庚酸酯、三乙二醇-雙-正庚酸酯、三乙二醇-雙-正己酸酯、四乙二醇二甲醚及/或二丙二醇苄酸酯。
- 具脂族或芳香族酯醇之磷酸酯，例如參(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(TOF)、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸二苯基-2-乙基己酯、及/或磷酸三甲苯酯。
- 檸檬酸、琥珀酸及/或富馬酸之酯。
按照定義，塑化劑係具有高沸點之有機液體。為此，亦可使用進一步類型具有沸點高於120℃之有機液體作為塑化劑。
在塑化劑WA存在於起始態的薄膜A之變異體薄膜A、及亦薄膜特別好含有1,2-環己烷二羧酸二異壬酯(DINCH)或三乙二醇-雙-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO或3GS)作為塑化劑。
此外，薄膜A與B可含有進一步添加劑，例如剩餘量的水、UV吸收劑、抗氧化劑、黏著調節劑、光學亮光劑或螢光添加劑、穩定劑、著色劑、加工助劑、有機奈米顆粒、熱解矽酸及/或表面活性物質。特別是，薄膜B可包括0.001至0.1重量%羧酸之鹼金屬鹽及/或鹼土金屬鹽作為黏著調節劑。
為了避免薄膜C的熱屏蔽層腐蝕，薄膜A較好包括小於150ppm氯化物離子及/或硝酸根離子及/或硫酸根離子。
薄膜A的氯化物含量因而可小於150ppm、較好小於100ppm、特別是小於50ppm。在理想情況中，薄膜A的氯化物含量係小於10ppm或甚至0ppm。
薄膜A的硝酸根含量視情況可小於150ppm、較好小於100ppm、特別是小於50ppm。在理想情況中，薄膜A的硝酸根含量係小於10ppm或甚至0ppm。
再次視情況，薄膜A的硫酸根含量可小於150ppm、較好小於100ppm、特別是小於50ppm。在理想情況中，薄膜A的硫酸根含量係小於10ppm或甚至0ppm。
薄膜A額外可包括大於0ppm鎂離子。鎂含量較好大於5ppm、特別好10ppm、特別是5至20ppm。
為了避免薄膜C中皺紋，薄膜A與B應具有低的熱收縮。較佳地，用以下方式薄膜A與B：其等於60℃ 1小時內在機器方向(擠壓方向)顯示熱收縮小於25%、更好小於15%、或小於10%、尤其好小於5%。在特定溫度收縮測量最後，將具有標記擠壓方向之薄膜A或B 10 x 10cm塊置於撒有細砂的扁平盤上(提供自由移動而未黏住表面)、放入烘箱組件至60℃、保持1小時。將最終長度比較最初長度(10cm)。
在另外具體化中，薄膜A較薄膜B具有更高的玻璃溫度Tg(由DSC測量)。因此，薄膜A玻璃溫度Tg(由DSC測量)係大於5℃、大於10℃或大於15℃，更高於薄膜B玻璃溫度Tg(由DSC測量)。較佳者，薄膜A具有玻璃溫度Tg(由DSC測量)更高於25℃、或更高於30℃、或更高於40℃、最好更高於50℃。
本發明亦有關一種製造所述熱屏蔽層合玻璃層板之方法，其中將薄膜A與薄膜C預先層合並置於玻璃片適當位置上，然後被至少一個薄膜B覆蓋，然後鋪上第二玻璃片。更特別者，薄膜A與C可於適合軋光裝置上共同層合，捲繞並立即儲存為捲狀物。此立即的雙層(bi-lam)薄膜然後可與兩個夾層玻璃及薄膜B組合，獲得根據發明層板。強烈較佳者，當從薄膜A與薄膜C製造如此預層板且薄膜C攜帶功能塗料於至少一個表面時，薄膜A將黏著於薄膜C如此塗布的側面。
根據發明可能首先將薄膜A與薄膜C構成的偶電子藉由升溫融於玻璃片遍及全部或局部區域，然後用薄膜B覆蓋。二擇一地，來自薄膜A與薄膜C的偶電子及薄膜B可被聯合放置介於兩個玻璃片間並於升溫融化。
較好進行製造層合玻璃之層合步驟，以致薄膜A、薄膜C及薄膜B放置介於兩個玻璃片間，如此製備的成層體係於升壓或減壓及增溫下 擠壓形成層板。
為了層合成層體，在有及沒有先前製造預層板下，可使用熟習技藝人士常見的方法。
被認為是高壓釜方法，係於大約10至15bar升壓及100至145℃溫度下，進行大約2小時。例如根據EP 1 235 683 B1，真空袋或真空環方法於大約200mbar及130至145℃運行。
亦可使用被認為是真空層合機。此等係由可加熱及抽空之腔室組成，其中層合鑲嵌玻璃可於30至60分鐘內層合。減壓0.01至300mbar及溫度100至200℃、特別是130至160℃，已證明其等實際價值。
在最簡單情況中，為了製造層合玻璃層板，將薄膜A與薄膜C或薄膜B首先置於玻璃片適當位置上，進一步將薄膜B或薄膜C與A同步或隨後置於適當位置。然後鋪上第二玻璃片，製造玻璃薄膜層板。
然後借助熟習技藝人士已知之任何預先層合方法移除過度空氣。此處，層亦首先已輕微互相黏著且結合於玻璃上。
然後可施予玻璃薄膜層板高壓釜方法。先前製備由薄膜A與薄膜C組成之偶電子較好置於第一玻璃片上，在鋪上第二玻璃片前，覆蓋更厚的薄膜B。方法可以許多可理解且原則上能實行的變體進行。例如，由薄膜A與C組成之偶電子容易從適當寬度的捲狀物移除，反之薄膜B已事先裁切成欲製造的玻璃片尺寸。此特別有利於擋風玻璃及其他汽車鑲嵌玻璃零件之情況。此情況中，在薄膜B被裁切前，特別有利地額外仍拉伸更厚的薄膜B。此能夠更經濟地使用薄膜，或對薄膜B具有著色色澤的情況中，允許其曲度適應上面片板邊緣。
根據發明上述製備層合玻璃之方式中，重要係遵守薄膜A(接觸玻璃表面及薄膜C)、薄膜C(封裝介於薄膜A與薄膜C間)及薄膜B (接觸薄膜C及至少一個玻璃表面)之相對順序。
在汽車領域中，特別針對製造擋風玻璃，時常使用在上面部位具有被認為陰影帶之薄膜。為此目的，薄膜A與B的上面部分可與適合著色聚合物熔體共擠壓，或在多層系統薄膜A與B其中之一的若干區域中可有不同著色。在本發明中，此可藉由完全或部分著色至少一個薄膜A與B達到。
根據發明，薄膜B可因此具有著色色澤，特別是在先前方法步驟中已適應擋風玻璃的幾何。
薄膜B亦可能具有楔形厚度剖面。根據發明層合玻璃層板獲得甚至有薄膜A平行平面厚度剖面之楔形厚度剖面，且可被用於汽車擋風玻璃之HUD顯示器
在最簡單情況中，薄膜B係商業可得PVB薄膜，其具有或沒有陰影帶及具有或沒有楔樣厚度剖面。具有分散在那裏IR保護用的奈米顆粒之薄膜B亦可被用作著色薄膜。當然，薄膜B亦可為具有聲學功能之薄膜，以致藉由組合薄膜A獲得進一步改良之隔音性質。當然，薄膜B亦可組合若干提及的功能。
一般使用鑄型薄膜生產線或呈吹塑薄膜形式，藉由擠壓製造薄膜A。此處，藉由控制熔體破裂或額外使用結構化冷輥之鑄型薄膜方法，亦可製造表面粗糙度。
此外，借助至少一組滾筒對間的壓紋方法，可令已製造的薄膜做成規則、非機率性粗糙度之浮雕。根據發明所用薄膜較好具有一側表面結構之粗糙度Rz 0至25μm、較好Rz 1至20μm、特別好Rz 3至15μm、特別是Rz 4至12μm。特別佳者，薄膜A接觸到玻璃片的側面具有表面粗糙度Rz不大於20%其厚度。提供熱屏蔽塗料之表面在塗敷塗料前較好具有特別低的表面粗糙度。特別是，此處粗糙度參數Ra係小於3μm，Rz係小於5μm。
A‧‧‧薄膜A
B‧‧‧薄膜B
C‧‧‧薄膜C

Claims (11)

  1. 一種層合玻璃，其包含兩個玻璃片，該玻璃片間夾層有至少一包含一聚乙烯縮醛PA與視情況至少一塑化劑WA之薄膜A、至少一包含一聚乙烯縮醛PB與至少一塑化劑WB之薄膜B、及聚合物薄膜C，其特徵在於- 薄膜A包括0.0至小於4重量%的塑化劑WA，- 薄膜B包括至少16重量%的塑化劑WB，- 薄膜C包括聚醯胺、聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、聚對酞酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、纖維素乙酸酯或離聚物，且其中薄膜C係位於薄膜A與薄膜B之間。
  2. 一種層合玻璃，其包含兩個玻璃片，該玻璃片間夾層有至少一包含一聚乙烯縮醛PA與視情況至少一塑化劑WA之薄膜A、至少一包含一聚乙烯縮醛PB與至少一塑化劑WB之薄膜B、及聚合物薄膜C，其特徵在於- 薄膜A包括小於16重量%的塑化劑WA，- 薄膜B包括至少16重量%的塑化劑WB，且其中薄膜C係位於薄膜A與薄膜B之間，且其中薄膜C係具有小於3μm的表面粗糙度參數Ra和小於5μm的表面粗糙度Rz之PET薄膜。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於薄膜C於10%伸長率之拉伸應力係至少100%薄膜B於10%伸長率之拉伸應力。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於提供薄膜C有熱屏蔽功能。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於提供薄膜C有金屬熱屏蔽塗層。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於薄膜C包括熱屏蔽顆 粒。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於該薄膜A包括一乙烯醇基團之比例自6至26重量%之聚乙烯縮醛PA，且該薄膜B包括一乙烯醇基團之比例自14至26重量%之聚乙烯縮醛PB。
  8. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於該薄膜C較薄膜B具有更小的表面積。
  9. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於該薄膜C具有至少一個開口，以致於該薄膜B借助此開口而與薄膜A直接接觸。
  10. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於薄膜B具有楔形厚度剖面。
  11. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之層合玻璃，其特徵在於薄膜A含有小於150ppm氯化物離子及/或硝酸根離子及/或硫酸根離子。
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