TWI689538B - 一種用於含鹵素聚合物之安定劑及其用途 - Google Patents
一種用於含鹵素聚合物之安定劑及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI689538B TWI689538B TW107140102A TW107140102A TWI689538B TW I689538 B TWI689538 B TW I689538B TW 107140102 A TW107140102 A TW 107140102A TW 107140102 A TW107140102 A TW 107140102A TW I689538 B TWI689538 B TW I689538B
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- Prior art keywords
- pvc
- stabilizer
- weight
- alkanolamine
- alkanolamide
- Prior art date
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical group [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- -1 zinc fatty acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WWNGFHNQODFIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWNGFHNQODFIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 0 ***C(N(*)*)=O Chemical compound ***C(N(*)*)=O 0.000 description 3
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920009204 Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940113120 dipropylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006077 pvc stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- YENQKAGAGMQTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyanoethenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=C)C#N YENQKAGAGMQTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFHIIJICYLMCSH-VOTSOKGWSA-N 5-amino-2-[(e)-2-(4-benzamido-2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1\C=C\C(C(=C1)S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AFHIIJICYLMCSH-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWVVZPARJWURIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCC)C(COCCO)O.Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+] Chemical compound C(CCC)C(COCCO)O.Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+] DWVVZPARJWURIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARPCRCIBVMENOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].[NH4+].C(C)O Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].[NH4+].C(C)O ARPCRCIBVMENOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007126 N-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000199919 Phaeophyceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Zn] Chemical compound [Ca].[Zn] IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N diethyl fumarate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound ClCC(=O)OC=C XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010101 extrusion blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical group C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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Abstract
一種用於含鹵素聚合物之安定劑,由過氯酸鹽、烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺所組成,且所述安定劑中的烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺的總量,佔安定劑的總重量的80~99wt%,與過氯酸鹽的用量重量比,為介於4:1至99:1,有助於PVC製品具有較低的黃度指數(YI)及較高的透明度、尤其是有助於降低PVC皮革的氣味。
Description
本發明涉及一種用於含鹵素聚合物之安定劑,尤指由過氯酸鹽與烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺所組成的安定劑。
PVC的結構特殊,在高溫和高剪切的條件下進行加工,容易脫去分子上的HCL,結果導致PVC聚合物熱降解、PVC產品色變(即色質變黃)和製品機械性能下降,進而影響其使用壽命。因此,需要添加熱穩定劑,例如添加鉛鹽類熱穩定劑,來增加其穩定性。
但是,隨著全世界環保意識的日益強化,且致力減少PVC的重金屬含量,鉛鹽類熱穩定劑將被無毒的穩定劑(stabilizer)產品取代。
例如,美國專利6,348,517B1教導組合使用聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇及其酯化物,如己二酸酯和二苯甲酸酯及其醚,混合鈣/鋅脂肪酸鹽,作為PVC穩定劑。
英國GB1151108(A)公開號教導用二丙二醇(dipropyleneglycol)和其他高沸點多羥基化合物,如季戊四醇和二季戊四醇,光穩定化PVC。
法國FR1211814(A)公開號教導使用丙三醇或丙二醇與硬脂酸鈣或Na2CO3作為PVC穩定劑。
日本昭61-9451(JPS619451A)號公開案,教導使用特定的高
氯酸乙醇銨來防止含氯樹脂的變色。
美國第2004054043公開號教導使用過氯酸鹽與烷醇胺作為PVC的穩定劑,但其應用於PVC皮革以外的其它PVC產品的黃度指數(YI)仍偏高。
更具體而言,現有技術中的用於含鹵素聚合物的穩定劑,還沒有教導使用過氯酸鹽、烷醇胺與烷醇醯胺的組合作為熱穩定劑。
有鑑於此,本發明的主要目的在於揭露一種安定劑,由至少一種過氯酸鹽(特別是鹼金屬或鹼土金屬過氯酸鹽)與至少一種通式(I)烷醇胺與至少一種通式(II)烷醇醯胺所製得之混合物,尤其高度適合用於安定含氯聚合物,特別是PVC。
本發明的安定劑,基於安定劑的總重量,包含以下成分,且各成分的總合為100重量%:a)1~20wt%的過氯酸鹽,分子式為M(ClO4)n,其中,M為鋰(Li)、鈉(Na)、鉀(K)、鎂(Mg)、鈣(Ca)、銫(Sr)、鋇(Ba)、鋅(Zn)、鋁(Al)、鑭(La)、鈰(Ce)或菱水鎂鋁石層狀晶格陽離子;n為1、2或3,依M的價數而定;當M為菱水鎂鋁石層狀晶格陽離子,0<n<1;b)30~98wt%的烷醇胺;及c)1~50wt%的烷醇醯胺;所述烷醇胺為具下列通式(I)的烷醇胺,
所述烷醇醯胺為具下列通式(II)的烷醇醯胺,
其中,R1或R2=H、C1~C22的烷基、C2~C22的烯基、R’-R”,其中,R’為CX的烷基,R”為CY的烷氧基,X=1~21,且1≦Y≦22-X、C2~C22的酯基、C2~C22的醯胺基、C2~C22的羥烷基、C4~C8的環烷基(其可在β位經OH取代)、C6~C10的芳基或C7~C10的烷芳基;R3或R4=H、C1~C22的烷基、C2的烯基、C6~C10的芳基或CH2-X-R6,其中X=O、S、-O-CO-或-COO-;R5=H或OH;R6=H、C1~C22的烷基、C2~C22的烯基或C6~C10的芳基。
所述過氯酸鹽的優選實例,為沸石、NaClO4或KClO4。
所述安定劑中具通式(I)的烷醇胺及具通式(II)的烷醇醯胺的總量,相對於所述過氯酸鹽的重量比,介於4:1至99:1。
所述安定劑添加於含氯聚合物時,以100重量份數PVC為基準,所述安定劑中具通式(I)的烷醇胺及具通式(II)的烷醇醯胺的總量,為介於0.01至10重量份數,優選為介於0.05至5重量份數。
本發明的又一主要目的在於揭露一種PVC製品,添加本發明的安定劑製成。其中,所述PVC製品為PVC管材、PVC片材或PVC皮革。
本發明的安定劑的有益效果,包括:有助於PVC製品具有
較低的黃度指數(YI)、有助於提升PVC製品的透明度、尤其是有助於降低PVC皮革的氣味。
本發明的穩定劑(或安定劑),適合用於安定含氯聚合物,特別是PVC,尤其是,可降低PVC皮革的氣味。
本發明的安定劑,基於安定劑的總重量,是包含以下成分的混合物,且各成分的總合為100重量%:a)1~20wt%的過氯酸鹽;b)30~98wt%的烷醇胺;c)1~50wt%烷醇醯胺。
本發明的安定劑中,所述烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺是必備的成分,且所述安定劑中的烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺的總量,佔安定劑的總重量的80~99wt%,與過氯酸鹽的用量重量比,為介於4:1至99:1。
當所述安定劑中的烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺的總量,超過其總重量的99wt%或低於其總重量的80wt%時,當使用於安定含氯聚合物,將導致PVC產品的黃度指數(YI)仍偏高,且對於PVC皮革的除臭效果不佳。
本發明的安定劑中,如果除排使用烷醇胺成分,僅使用所述過氯酸鹽與所述烷醇醯胺的組合作為PVC的穩定劑,當使用於安定含氯聚合物,將導致PVC產品的黃度指數(YI)仍偏高,且對於PVC皮革的除臭效果不佳。
所述過氯酸鹽的分子式為M(ClO4)n,其中,M為鋰(Li)、鈉
(Na)、鉀(K)、鎂(Mg)、鈣(Ca)、銫(Sr)、鋇(Ba)、鋅(Zn)、鋁(Al)、鑭(La)、鈰(Ce)或菱水鎂鋁石層狀晶格陽離子;優選為鈉(Na)或鉀(K)。n為1、2或3,依M的價數而定;或者,在M為菱水鎂鋁石層狀晶格陽離子的情況中,0<n<1。
這些過氯酸鹽的常見形式,可為溶液形式,例如過氯酸鹽在水或有機溶劑中形成溶液;或為被吸收於載體上的形式,如PVC、矽酸鈣、沸石或菱水鎂鋁石;或為利用醇類(多元醇、糊精)或利用醚醇類或酯醇類或冠醚錯合或溶解的過氯酸鹽。
所述烷醇醯胺為具下列通式(II)的烷醇醯胺,
其中,R1或R2=H、C1~C22的烷基、C2~C22的烯基、R’-R”,其中,R’為CX的烷基,R”為CY的烷氧基,X=1~21,且1≦Y≦22-X、C2~C22的酯基、C2~C22的醯胺基、C2~C22的羥烷基、C4~C8的環烷基(其可在β位經OH取
代)、C6~C10的芳基或C7~C10的烷芳基;R3或R4=H、C1~C22的烷基、C2的烯基、C6~C10的芳基或CH2-X-R6,其中X=O、S、-O-CO-或-COO-;R5=H或OH;R6=H、C1~C22的烷基、C2~C22的烯基或C6~C10的芳基。
通式(I)的烷醇胺及通式(II)的烷醇醯胺為市面上可購得的化學品,或可藉已知方法對應胺或氨進行N-烷基化而製得。
本發明的安定劑,作為含氯聚合物的安定劑使用時,其中的通式(I)的烷醇胺及通式(II)的烷醇醯胺的總量,以100重量份數PVC為基準,是介於0.01至10重量份數,優選為介於0.05至5重量份數。
本發明的安定劑,作為含氯聚合物的安定劑使用時,其中的過氯酸鹽的用量,以100重量份數PVC為基準,是介於0.001至5重量份數,優選為介於0.01至3重量份數,特優選為介於0.01至2重量份數。
本發明的安定劑,適合作為含氯聚合物的安定劑使用。而且,所述含氯聚合物的種類,包括未增塑或不含增塑劑或實質上不含增塑劑的組合物,也包括含增塑劑的組合物。
更具體而言,適用的含氯聚合物,包括:氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯的聚合物,結構中含有氯乙烯單元的乙烯基樹脂,如氯乙烯與脂肪酸乙烯酯(特別是乙酸乙烯酯)的共聚物,氯乙烯與丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯及丙烯腈的共聚物,氯乙烯與二烯化合物及與不飽和二羧酸或其酸酐的共聚物,如氯乙烯與馬來酸二乙酯、富馬酸二乙酯或馬來酸酐的共聚物,後氯化聚合物及氯乙烯、氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯與不飽和醛類、酮類及其他如丙烯醛、巴豆醛、乙烯基甲基酮、乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基異丁基醚等之共聚物;偏二氯乙烯聚合物及其與氯乙烯和其他可聚合化合物之共聚物;氯乙酸乙烯酯之聚合物和二氯二乙烯基醚之共聚物;乙酸乙烯酯之氯化聚合物,丙烯酸與經α取代丙烯酸之氯化聚酯;氯化苯乙烯如二氯苯乙烯之聚合物;氯化橡膠;乙烯之氯化聚合物;氯丁二烯之聚合物和後氯化聚合物,及此等與氯乙烯之共聚物,氯化天然或合成橡膠,以及所提及聚合物與其本身或其他可聚合化合物之混合物。
就本發明而言,所述PVC的範圍,包括PVC均聚物,PVC與聚丙烯酸酯結合的聚合物、PVC與EVA、ABS或MBS的接枝共聚物、或PVC與可聚合化合物如丙烯腈、乙酸乙烯酯或ABS的共聚物。其中,所述共聚物可為懸浮聚合物、本體聚合物或者是乳化聚合物。
所述PVC的其他可能聚合物,為上述均聚物與共聚物(特別是氯乙烯均聚物)和其他熱塑性或/及彈性聚合物的混合物,特別是與丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、MBS、丙烯腈-丁二烯(NBR)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)、EVA、CPE、MBAS PMA、PMMA、EPDM或特別是與選自ABS、NBR、丙烯腈-丙烯酸酯(NAR)、SAN及乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)所成群組之聚內酯的摻合物。其他可能聚合物特別是以丙烯酸酯為主的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(ASA)。
本發明的安定劑,可以乳化液、分散液(例如糊狀混合物)、母料、薄片或丸粒的形式,直接添加至含氯聚合物的加工裝置(例如壓延機、混合器、捏煉機或擠出機等等)。
本發明的PVC產品,經過添加使用本發明的安定劑後,可以透過研磨、壓延、擠出、注射模塑、紡絲或擠壓吹塑等加工手段製得所需要的形狀。例如,所製得PVC產品,可為剛性、半剛性或撓性PVC產品,或作為塑料溶膠使用。
所述剛性PVC產品的範圍,包括中空製品(瓶子)、包裝薄膜建築材料、PVC管或設備的PVC外殼等。
所述半剛性或撓性PVC產品的範圍,包括電纜絕緣層、地板覆蓋物、覆牆材料、汽車零件、軟薄膜、注射成型物或軟管等。
PVC產品作為塑料溶膠使用的實例,為人造革地板覆蓋物、織物塗層、覆牆材料、螺管塗層及汽車用底封層。
以下列舉實施例具體說明本發明的內容及可達成的功效,但本發明並不僅局限於此等實施例。實施例的各項物性,是以下列方法進行評估:
根據ASTM D-1925-70測定,包括以3分鐘的間隔測定。
根據ASTM D2805-80測定。PVC片材的透明度,以透明度(%)的數值表示,數值愈高,透明度愈好。
皮料以剪裁10×20cm面積置入1L玻璃容器,放置烘箱以80℃ X 2小時的條件烘烤,取出後冷卻至60±5℃,再由合格之聞嗅師(經車廠受訓並認證合格之人員)聞嗅判定。低級數值表示越無氣味。
以100重量份數(以下簡稱為份數)PVC為基準,按表3選擇安定劑,且添加到包含下列成分的乾料混合物,製得PVC製品:100.0份數 Evipol SH 5730 PVC,K值57(來自EVC);5.0份數 Paralold BTA III N 2=MBS(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)改性劑(來自Rohm & Haas);
0.5份數 Paraloid K 120 N=丙烯酸酯加工助劑(來自Rohm & Haas);0.5份數 Paraloid K 175=丙烯酸酯加工助劑(來自Rohm & Haas);0.3份數 蠟E=酯蠟(褐藻蠟)(來自BASF);1.0份數 Loxiol G 16=甘油之脂肪酸偏酯(來自Henkel);3.0份數 ESO=環氧大豆油。其中,實施例1-2的安定劑,包括0.6份數30%過氯酸鈉水溶液及總量0.4份數的烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺。
將製得的PVC製品在180℃的混合輥上滾壓5分鐘形成滾煉膠片,再根據ASTM D-1925-70測定膠片的黃度指數(YI值),結果如表3。
從所形成滾煉膠片,取下厚度0.3毫米的薄膜試驗條。將薄膜樣品放在190℃的烘箱(Mathis-Thermo-Takter)中受熱及進行靜熱試驗,再根據ASTM D-1925-70以3分鐘間隔測定黃度指數(YI值),結果如表4。
因為PVC製品劣化易引發黃變,從比較表3及表4的黃度指數(YI值)的結果,顯示PVC製品使用實施例1-2的烷醇胺與烷醇醯胺結合過氯酸鈉配方的安定劑,具有較低的黃度指數(YI)。也就是,實施例1-2的安定劑具有良好的安定作用或起始顏色。
以100重量份數(以下簡稱份數)PVC為基準,按表5選擇安定劑,且添
加到包含下列成分的乾料混合物,壓製製得PVC片材:100.0份數 Evipol SH 7020 PVC,K值70(來自EVC);47.0份數 鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯;3.0份數 ESO=環氧大豆油;0.3份數 Loxiol G 71S=己二酸新戊四醇酯複合酯潤滑劑(來自Henkel);0.1份數 硬脂酸鈣。其中,實施例3-4的安定劑,包括0.5份數30%過氯酸鈉丁基二乙二醇溶液及總量0.4份數的烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺。
將製得的PVC片材在180℃的混合輥上滾壓5分鐘形成滾煉膠片,取多片滾煉膠片,放入壓製機中壓製時間2分鐘,製成厚度達2毫米的PVC片材。根據ASTM D-1925-70測定PVC片材的黃度指數(YI值),以及,根據ASTM D2805-80測量PVC片材的透明度,結果如表5。
因為PVC製品劣化易引發黃變,從比較表5的黃度指數(YI值)及透明度%的結果,顯示PVC片材使用實施例3-4的烷醇胺與烷醇醯胺結合過氯酸鈉配方的安定劑,具有較低的黃度指數(YI)及較高透明度(%)。也就是,實施例3-4的安定劑具有良好的安定作用及提升PVC片材的透明度。
以100重量份數(以下簡稱份數)PVC為基準,按表6選擇安定劑,且添加到包含下列成分的乾料混合物,製得PVC皮革:100.0份數 Evipol SH 5730 PVC,K值57(來自EVC);92.0份數 鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯;10.0份數 填料;2.0份數 ESO=環氧大豆油;0.2份數 硬酯酸鈣;0.5份數 鈣鋅安定劑;3.0份數 ESO=環氧大豆油;0.6份數 30%過氯酸鈉水溶液。其中,實施例5-6的安定劑,包括0.6份數30%過氯酸鈉水溶液及總量0.4份數的烷醇胺及烷醇醯胺。
將製得的PVC製品在180℃的混合輥上滾壓5分鐘形成滾煉膠片。從所形成滾煉膠片,取下厚度0.3毫米的薄膜試驗條,與不織布貼合後,再經發泡與表面處理程序,得到試驗用的PVC皮革。
將剪裁成10cm×20cm面積的PVC皮革,置入1L的玻璃容器,放置烘箱以80℃×2小時的條件烘烤,取出後冷卻至60±5℃,再由合格聞嗅師聞嗅判定PVC皮革的氣味,結果如表6。
從比較表6的PVC皮革的氣味測試的結果,顯示PVC皮革使用實施例5-6的烷醇胺與烷醇醯胺結合過氯酸鈉配方的安定劑,具有降低PVC皮革氣味的效果。
Claims (8)
- 一種安定劑,基於安定劑的總重量,包含以下成分,且各成分的總合為100重量%:a)1~20wt%的過氯酸鹽,分子式為M(ClO4)n,其中,M為鋰(Li)、鈉(Na)、鉀(K)、鎂(Mg)、鈣(Ca)、銫(Sr)、鋇(Ba)、鋅(Zn)、鋁(Al)、鑭(La)、鈰(Ce)或菱水鎂鋁石層狀晶格陽離子;n為1、2或3,依M的價數而定;當M為菱水鎂鋁石層狀晶格陽離子,0<n<1;b)30~98wt%的烷醇胺;及c)1~50wt%的烷醇醯胺;所述烷醇胺為具下列通式(I)的烷醇胺,
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之安定劑,其中,所述過氯酸鹽的分子式為NaClO4或KClO4。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之安定劑,其中,所述過氯酸鹽被吸收於一載體,並且所述載體為沸石。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之安定劑,其中,通式(I)的烷醇胺及通式(II)的烷醇醯胺的總量,相對於所述過氯酸鹽的重量比,介於4:1至99:1。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之安定劑,其中,所述安定劑適合用於PVC,並且以100重量份數PVC為基準,所述通式(I)的烷醇胺及通式(II)的烷醇醯胺的總量,為介於0.01至10重量份數。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之安定劑,其中,所述安定劑適合用於PVC,並且以100重量份數PVC為基準,所述通式(I)的烷醇胺及通式(II)的烷醇醯胺的總量,為介於0.05至5重量份數。
- 一種PVC製品,添加申請專利範圍第1項之安定劑製成。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項所述之PVC製品,其中,PVC製品為PVC管材、PVC片材或PVC皮革。
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