TWI624145B - Energy adapter with primary side & secondary side synchronization tracking function - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy converter with one-second synchronous tracking function may include an energy harvesting module, a transformer module and a rectifier module. The energy harvesting module can include a choke and a pair of power switches. The choke can store the energy of the AC power input, and the power switches can be switched to extract the energy of the AC power input to reserve the primary input energy. The transformer module can couple the primary side input energy to the secondary side of the transformer module to generate conversion energy. The rectifier module can rectify the converted voltage signal into DC output energy, and can output DC output energy to the load. Among them, the power switch can be switched according to the waveform of the input energy of the AC power supply and the demand of the load, so that the magnitude of the primary input energy can track the magnitude of the DC output energy to achieve synchronization, so that the energy converter can achieve the real power factor.

Description

Energy converter with one-second synchronous tracking function

The invention relates to a converter, especially an energy converter, which has the functions of one-time and two-time synchronous transmission and tracking.

Please refer to FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C and FIG. 1D, which are the circuit topology, voltage waveform diagram and circuit diagram of the flyback converter of the conventional technology. As shown in Figure 1A, at present, most of the AC / DC power converter architecture is mainly based on the flyback converter. However, there are many orders for the flyback converter of the conventional technology. The shortcomings of scaling disease need to be improved.

The voltage waveform at the point Ta in the circuit of FIG. 1A is shown in FIG. 1B, where the line segment Am is the voltage waveform measured by the visualizer, and the curve Ar is the actual voltage waveform at the point Ta. As shown in Figure 1B, when the time is in the dotted part of the figure, the DC input energy is low (only compensated by the capacitor, so it is virtual work), so if the load L requires higher power at this time, the power switch S1 needs to switch rapidly according to the requirements of the load L to increase the current, thereby satisfying the power required by the load L, and generating an inappropriate factor of the power supply voltage / current ratio.

The voltage waveform at the point Tb in the circuit of Figure 1A is shown in Figure 1C. As can be seen from the dotted area in the figure, when the voltage of the DC input energy is low, if the load L requires higher power at this time, the power The switch S1 needs to switch rapidly according to the requirements of the load L to increase the current, so a dense waveform is generated, which will greatly increase the component of the virtual power and increase the total harmonic distortion, the power The rate factor drops and produces serious electromagnetic interference.

As shown in FIG. 1D, the flyback converter 1 of the prior art uses filters F1 and F2 to filter the AC input energy of the AC power supply, and then uses the bridge rectifier BD to filter the filtered AC power input energy The rectification generates DC input energy, and then the DC input energy is coupled from the primary side to the secondary side through the transformer T and the power switch S1 to generate DC output energy, and finally the DC output energy is input to the load L through the diode D.

As can be seen from the above, the flyback converter 1 of the prior art includes components such as a bridge rectifier BD, a transformer T, a power switch S1, and the like, and these components generate component loss, conduction loss, and switching Loss (Switching loss), harmonic distortion (THDI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI), and in order to reduce these effects, the flyback converter 1 of the conventional technology needs to set filters F1, F2 to improve electromagnetic interference and conduction loss However, the filters F1 and F2 are relatively bulky, so they will also cause serious space loss, and the above components will increase the cost of the flyback converter 1 of the conventional technology. In addition, the primary side of the conventional flyback converter 1 needs to be provided with input capacitors C1 ~ C3 and thermistor PTC, and the secondary side also needs to be provided with rectifier diode D and output capacitors C4 ~ C6, which further reduces efficiency However, these components not only affect the service life of the flyback converter 1, but also further increase the cost of the flyback converter 1. The shortcomings of each component are shown in Table 1:

Please refer to FIG. 1E and FIG. 1F, which are circuit topologies and circuit diagrams of forward converters of conventional technology. As shown in FIG. 1E, the forward converter 2 is another commonly used AC / DC power converter architecture.

As shown in FIG. 1F, the conventional converter 2 of the conventional technique uses the filters F1 and F2 to filter the energy of the AC source AC input, and then uses the bridge rectifier BD to input the filtered AC source AC The energy is rectified to generate DC input energy, then the DC input energy is coupled from the primary side to the secondary side through the transformer T and the power switch S1 to generate DC output energy, and finally the DC output energy is input through the rectifier diode D and the choke CH To load L.

Similarly, the prior art forward converter 2 also includes input capacitors C1 ~ C3, filters F1, F2, bridge rectifier BD, transformer T, power switch S1, rectifier diode D and output Capacitors C4 ~ C6 and other components, so they will have the same shortcomings. The shortcomings of each component are shown in Table 2:

Please refer to Figure 1G ~ Figure 1I, which are the calculation data of the flyback converter 1 of various conventional techniques, and the calculation method of LLC is also similar, so it will not be repeated here.

As shown in Figure 1G, where the DC transfer ratio (DC transfer) of this circuit is (2Pout × LpF / Vin); the maximum switch voltage (Max switch voltage) is Vin + Vout × (Np / Ns); the maximum filter voltage (Max rectifier voltage) is Vout + (Vin × Np / Nsec); and the switching utilization rate ( Switch utilization ratio) is D / 2 × (1 + Vout / Vin × Np / Nsec). DC

As shown in Figure 1H, where the DC conversion ratio of this circuit is (2Pout × LpF / Vin); the maximum switching voltage is Vin; the maximum filtering voltage is Vout + (Vin × Ns / Np); and the switching utilization rate is D / 4.

As shown in Figure 1I, where the DC conversion ratio of this circuit is (2Pout × LpF / Vin); the maximum switching voltage is Vin; the maximum filtering voltage is Vout + (Vin × Ns / Np); and the switching utilization rate is D / 4.

Please refer to Figure 1J ~ Figure 1L, which are the calculation data of the forward converter 2 of various conventional techniques.

As shown in Figure 1J, where the DC conversion ratio of this circuit is Ns / Np × D; the maximum switching voltage is 2 × Vin; the maximum filtering voltage is Vin × Ns / Np; and the switching utilization rate is Vout / 2Vin × ( Ns / Np).

As shown in Figure 1K, where the DC conversion ratio of this circuit is Ns / Np × D; the maximum switching voltage is Vin; the maximum filtering voltage is Vin × Ns / Np; and the switching utilization rate is Vout / 2Vin × (Ns / Np).

As shown in Figure 1L, where the DC conversion ratio of this circuit is 2Ns / Np × D; the maximum switching voltage is Vin; the maximum filtering voltage is 2Vin × Ns / Np; and the switching utilization rate is Vout / 2Vin × (Ns / Np).

Therefore, how to propose a converter that can effectively improve the situation of converters with serious components loss, conduction loss, switching loss, space loss, harmonic distortion, electromagnetic interference, and high cost in the conventional art has become an urgent issue.

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional art, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a converter to solve the problem that the conventional art of the converter has serious component losses, conduction losses, switching losses, space losses, harmonic distortion, electromagnetic Problems of interference and high cost.

According to one of the objects of the present invention, an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function is proposed, which can directly extract energy input from an AC power source. The energy converter may include an energy extraction module, a voltage transformation module and a rectifier Module. The energy harvesting module can include a first choke and a pair of power switches. The first choke can store the energy of the AC power input, and the power switches can be switched to extract the energy of the AC power input to reserve the primary side Input energy. The transformer module can couple the primary side input energy to the secondary side of the transformer module to generate conversion energy. The rectifier module can rectify the converted energy into DC output energy, and can output DC output energy to the load. The power switches can be switched according to the waveform of the input energy of the AC power source and the demand of the load so that the waveform of the primary input energy can track the waveform of the DC output energy to achieve synchronization.

According to one of the objects of the present invention, an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function is further proposed, which can directly extract energy input from an AC power source. The energy converter may include an energy extraction module, a transformer module and Rectifier module. The energy harvesting module may include at least four pairs of power switches that can be switched to harvest energy input from the AC power source. The transformer module can receive the energy input from the AC power supply to reserve the primary input energy, and can couple the primary input energy to the secondary side of the transformer module to generate conversion energy. The rectifier module can rectify the converted energy into DC output energy, and can output DC output energy to the load. Among them, the power switches can be switched according to the waveform of the energy input by the AC power supply and the demand of the load so that the waveform of the input energy at the primary side can track the DC output Waveform of energy to achieve synchronization.

As mentioned above, the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function according to the present invention may have one or more of the following advantages:

(1) In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter does not need to use components such as thermistors (PTC Thermistor), filters, bridge rectifiers and input capacitors, so it can extend the service life and reduce energy conversion The component loss, conduction loss, switching loss, harmonic distortion, space loss and cost can increase its power factor and thus improve the overall efficiency.

(2) In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter can quickly switch the power switches by tracking the size of the AC voltage signal to extract the energy of the AC voltage signal to obtain the corresponding size of the AC voltage signal Current, and the secondary side of the energy converter can also determine the voltage output to the load according to the current feedback signal and the voltage feedback signal, so it can effectively reduce harmonic distortion and improve power factor.

(3) In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy converter can provide a synchronous tracking function to make the waveform of the primary input energy input from the primary side of the transformer and the DC or pulsating DC output energy waveform output from the secondary side of the transformer Synchronous, it can greatly improve the power factor.

(4) In one embodiment of the present invention, the secondary side of the energy converter can selectively use components such as output capacitors and rectifier diodes, so the cost of the energy converter can be further reduced.

(5) In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal input to the primary side of the energy converter is an AC signal, so there is no need to execute a QR mode, so the efficiency is higher.

(6) In an embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter may not need to be provided with a bridge rectifier and a capacitor, so the cost and efficiency can be reduced.

(7) In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter may include a choke, which can be used as a buffer circuit to reduce the voltage on the primary side of the energy converter, so the transformer module of the energy converter The number of turns on the primary side and the number of turns on the secondary side can be very close, and the number of turns on the primary side and the secondary side The number of turns can be reduced, so that the efficiency of the energy converter is improved, and the primary coil will not be broken because it is too thin, so the yield can be increased.

(8) In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy converter includes a plurality of power switches, some of the power switches are switched when the input energy of the AC power supply is a positive half cycle, and the other part of the power switches are inputted by the AC power supply It is switched when it is negative half cycle, and the input energy of the AC power supply is gradually changed from small to large or gradually from large to small, and there will be no sudden rise or fall, so the energy converter can be connected directly to the AC power supply. Under normal circumstances, it is not easy to damage and increase the service life.

1‧‧‧Flyback converter

2‧‧‧ Forward converter

3‧‧‧Energy converter

31‧‧‧Energy extraction module

32‧‧‧Transformer module

33‧‧‧rectifier module

34‧‧‧Control module

35‧‧‧ Current feedback module

36‧‧‧Voltage feedback module

AC‧‧‧AC power supply

CH, CH1, CH2 ‧‧‧ choke

SW1‧‧‧ First switch

SW2‧‧‧Second switch

PS1 ~ PS4, S1 ~ S2, PS1 ’, PS1”, PS2 ’, PS2”, PS3 ’, PS3”, PS4 ’, PS4” ‧‧‧‧Power switch

L‧‧‧load

T‧‧‧Transformer

CT‧‧‧Controller

SR‧‧‧Shunt resistance

OP‧‧‧Operational amplifier

VR‧‧‧Voltage regulator

BD‧‧‧Bridge Rectifier

F1, F2‧‧‧ filter

C, C1 ~ C6‧‧‧Capacitance

R‧‧‧Resistance

D‧‧‧Diode

Fuse‧‧‧Fuse

PTC‧‧‧Thermistor

ZD‧‧‧Inspect Diode

PWM‧‧‧Pulse Width Modulation Controller

Ta, Tb‧‧‧ Node

A‧‧‧Voltage waveform

B‧‧‧Charge cycle

Figures 1A to 1D are circuit topologies, voltage waveforms, and circuit diagrams of flyback converters of conventional technology.

Figures 1E to 1F are circuit topologies and circuit diagrams of forward converters of conventional technology.

Figures 1G to 1I are circuit topological diagrams of flyback converters of conventional technology.

Figures 1J to 1L are circuit topological diagrams of conventional converters of conventional technology.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention.

FIGS. 3A to 3C are circuit operations of the first embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of energy tracking of a first embodiment of an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention.

6A to 6B are circuit operations of the second embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention.

The following will describe an embodiment of an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function according to the present invention with reference to related drawings. For ease of understanding, the same components in the following embodiments are denoted by the same symbols.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention; FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the energy conversion with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention A preferred circuit structure of the converter includes the characteristics of a typical flyback converter and a typical forward converter.

As shown in the figure, the energy converter 3 may include an energy harvesting module 31, a transformer module 32, a rectifier module 33, a control module 34, a current feedback module 35, and a voltage feedback module 36.

The energy harvesting module 31 can be connected to the AC power supply AC and the transformer module 32, the transformer module 32 can be connected to the rectifier module 33, and the rectifier module 33 can be connected to the current through the second choke CH2 The feedback module 35 is connected. The current feedback module 35 and the voltage feedback module 36 can be connected to the load L and the control module 34 at the same time. The control module 34 can be connected to the energy harvesting module 31 and the rectifier module 33 .

Regarding the energy harvesting module 31, it may include a first choke CH1 and a pair of the power switches PS1-PS2; in a preferred embodiment, the power switches PS1-PS2 may be gold-oxygen half field effect power The direction of each of the power switches PS1-PS2 can be reversed; the first choke CH1 can store the energy of the AC power AC input, and switch the power switches PS1-PS2 through the controller CT to extract the AC power AC Energy is used to reserve the primary input energy.

Regarding the transformer module 32, it can be a transformer T; the transformer T can couple the primary side input energy from the primary side of the transformer T to the secondary side of the transformer T to generate conversion energy; In a preferred embodiment, the transformer module 32 may also be a switched power supply (iron powder core transformer) or a linear power supply (silicon steel sheet transformer).

As for the rectifier module 33, it can include the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. By switching the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2, the rectifier module 33 can rectify the converted energy into DC output energy and can output DC output Energy to load L; where, the DC output energy described in this specification can refer to constant DC output energy or pulsating DC output energy, such as triangular wave, square wave, rectified sine wave, etc .; in a preferred embodiment, the first The switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 may be metal oxide half field effect transistors or diodes.

As for the current feedback module 35, it may include a shunt resistor SR and an operational amplifier OP; the current feedback module 35 may provide a current feedback signal according to the current of the load L.

As for the voltage feedback module 36, it may include a voltage regulator VR; the voltage feedback module 36 may provide a voltage feedback signal according to the voltage of the load L.

Regarding the control module 34, it may include a controller CT. In a preferred embodiment, the controller CT may include an optical coupler and a microcontroller (MCU), wherein the microcontroller (MCU) may receive current feedback The signal and voltage feedback signal to control the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2, and the optocoupler can be directly connected to the power switches PS1-PS2 to control the power switches PS1-PS2; the controller CT can be based on the current The current feedback signal of the feedback module 35 and the voltage feedback signal of the voltage feedback module 36 determine the demand of the load L, and can switch the power switches PS1 according to the waveform of the AC input energy and the demand of the load L -PS2 captures the AC input energy of the AC power supply to reserve the primary input energy, and after the transformer T couples the primary input energy to the secondary side of the transformer T to generate conversion energy, the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are switched The converted energy is rectified into DC output energy, and the DC output energy can be output to the load L, by which the size of the waveform of the primary input energy can track the size of the waveform of the DC output energy to achieve a synchronized state to control the first The length of time that a choke CH1 charges to adjust the size of the output energy, so that the energy transfer The converter can achieve real power.

Through the above design, the primary side of the energy converter does not need to use thermistors, filters, bridge rectifiers and input capacitors, etc., so it can extend the service life and reduce the energy converter component losses, conduction losses, switching losses, Harmonic distortion, space loss, and cost can further increase its power factor and thus improve overall efficiency.

In addition, the primary side of the energy converter can quickly switch the power switches PS1-PS2 synchronously by tracking the amount of energy of the AC input of the AC power source to extract the energy of the AC input of the AC power source to obtain the corresponding energy of the AC input of the AC power source Current, and the secondary side of the energy converter can determine the voltage output to the load according to the current feedback signal and the voltage feedback signal, so that the waveform of the primary input energy can track the size of the DC output energy In order to achieve synchronization, it can effectively reduce harmonic distortion and improve power factor.

In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the secondary side of the energy converter does not need to use components such as output capacitors and rectifier diodes, so the cost of the energy converter can be further reduced.

In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the signal input to the primary side of the energy converter is an AC signal, so there is no need to perform a QR mode, so the efficiency is higher, and because the energy converter contains a plurality of power Switch, one part of the power switch is switched when the AC power input energy is positive half cycle, and the other part of the power switch is switched when the AC power input energy is negative half cycle, and the AC power input energy is gradually changed from small to large or It gradually changes from large to small without sudden rise or fall, so the energy converter can work normally when it is directly connected to the AC power supply, and no special components or compensation components are needed for extreme conversion .

Furthermore, because the input voltage of the flyback converter of the conventional technology is extremely high, the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer need to have a high turns ratio, so the transformer is large in size, and because the primary side requires There is a high number of turns, so the winding needs to be very thin, so it is easy to break and malfunction. On the contrary, the energy harvesting module of the energy converter of this embodiment may include a choke, which can play The effect of buffering, therefore, the primary side and secondary side of the transformer of the energy converter need not have a high turns ratio, so the transformer is small and not easy to fail. From the above, it can be seen that the invention has progressive patent requirements.

Please refer to FIGS. 3A to 3C, which are circuit operations of the first embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention; FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate the energy converter 3 by way of example For the circuit operation at each stage, in order to make FIGS. 3A to 3C clearer, some elements are omitted in these drawings.

The energy converter 3 can repeatedly perform four circuit operations when the energy input from the AC power supply is in the positive half cycle, namely the first-stage circuit operation T _pp1 on the primary side, the second-stage circuit operation T _pp2 on the primary side, and the secondary side The first stage circuit action T _sp1 and the second stage circuit action T _{sp2 on the} secondary side. As shown in FIG. 3A, the energy converter 3 performs the first-stage circuit operation T _pp1 on the primary side. At this time, the controller CT can turn on the power switches PS1-PS2, and the first choke CH1 can be input by the AC power supply AC. Energy extracts energy and stores energy. The direction of the current is shown by the arrow in the figure.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the energy converter 3 can perform the second-stage circuit action T _pp2 on the primary side. At this time, the controller CT can turn off the power switches PS1-PS2, and the first choke CH1 can be released. The stored energy is coupled by the transformer T from the primary side to the secondary side; the energy converter 3 can perform the first-stage circuit action T _sp1 on the secondary side. At this time, the controller CT can turn on the first switch SW1, The second switch SW2 can maintain the cut-off state to rectify the energy generated on the secondary side and output to the load, while the second choke CH2 can store energy, and the direction of the current is shown by the arrow in the figure .

As shown in FIG. 3C, the energy converter 3 can perform the second-stage circuit action T _sp2 on the secondary side. At this time, the controller CT can turn on the second switch SW2 and turn off the first switch SW1, and the second choke The CH2 device can release the stored energy. At this time, the direction of the current is shown by the arrow in the figure.

When the AC input energy is in the positive half cycle, the energy converter 3 can repeatedly perform the first-stage circuit operation T _pp1 on the primary side, the second-stage circuit operation T _pp2 on the primary side, and the first stage on the secondary side The circuit action T _sp1 and the second-stage circuit action T _sp2 on the secondary side output energy to the load by continuously switching the power switches PS1-PS2.

It is worth noting that when the controller CT turns off the first switch SW1 and turns on the second switch SW2, the controller CT can turn off the first switch SW1 first, and then turn on the second switch SW2 after a delay time; similarly, When the controller CT turns off the second switch SW2 and turns on the first switch SW1, the controller CT can turn off the second switch SW2 first, and then turn on the first switch SW1 after a delay time, thus preventing the energy converter 3 from The first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are short-circuited at the same time, causing damage.

The energy converter 3 can repeatedly perform four circuit operations when the AC voltage signal is in the negative half cycle, namely, the first-stage circuit operation T _pn1 on the primary side, the second-stage circuit operation T _pn2 on the primary side, and the second a phase of circuit operation and a second phase T _sn1 circuit operation of the secondary side of T _sn2, continuously through the plurality of switching power switches PS1-PS2 to output energy to the load, since the energy converter 3 is in the AC voltage signal at the negative half cycle The circuit operation is similar to that of the energy converter 3 when the AC voltage signal is in the positive half cycle, so it will not be repeated here.

Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function according to the present invention. FIG. 4 illustrates an example in which the energy harvesting module 3 harvests energy from an AC voltage signal For the schematic diagram, this embodiment takes an AC voltage signal with a voltage value of 110 V and a frequency of 60 Hz as an example.

As shown in the figure, curve A is the voltage waveform of the AC input energy of the AC power supply; each square B represents each charging cycle of the choke CH1 of the energy converter 3 when the AC input energy of the AC power supply is a positive half cycle; Each block of a block C represents each charging cycle of the choke CH1 of the energy converter 3 when the energy input from the AC power supply is negative half cycle.

It can be seen from the figure that when the energy input from the AC power source is closer to its peak voltage, the energy The extraction module 31 can extract more energy. It can be clearly seen from the above that the controller CT can track the energy input of the AC power supply. To achieve output balance, the charging time of the primary choke CH1 can be increased or decreased.

For example, the controller CT can synchronously switch the power switches PS1-PS2 of the energy harvesting module 31 when the energy of the AC power input is greater than 40% (63V) of its peak voltage (155.54V) Extract the energy of the AC input of the AC power supply to ensure that enough energy can be extracted. When the absolute value of the AC input energy of the AC power supply is lower than 40% of its peak voltage, the controller CT will not capture the energy. The power switches PS1-PS2 of the group 31 are switched.

In this embodiment, the AC input energy has a voltage value of 110V and a frequency of 60Hz, and the switching frequency of these power switches PS1-PS2 is 100KHz, so the cycle per half cycle is 1/120 = 8.33ms, therefore, When the AC input energy of the AC power supply is in the positive half cycle, the switching times of the power switches PS1-PS2 are about 8.33ms * 100KHz = 833.3 times; similarly, when the AC input energy of the AC power supply is in the negative half cycle, the power The switching times of the switches PS1-PS2 are about 833.3 times; therefore, the switching times of the power switches PS1-PS2 in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle are 1666 times / second in total.

If the number of primary turns of the transformer T is 30, and the number of primary turns is 25, and the output voltage is 50V, and the output current is 10A, when the power switches PS1-PS2 start to extract the AC input AC energy (ie When the absolute value of the AC input energy of the AC power supply is equal to 40% of its peak voltage), the AC input energy of the AC power supply is 63V, so the voltage on the secondary side is 63V * 25/30 = 52.5V.

Since L = V _L T / △ I _{L is known} ; where L is the inductance of choke CH1, T is the charging time of choke CH1, △ I _L is the instantaneous maximum current of choke CH1, V _L The voltage difference when charging the choke CH1.

Therefore, V _L = 2.5V, so the duty cycle of these power switches PS1-PS2 is 50 / 52.5 = 95.24%. If the output current is 10A, the ripple current (RippleCurrent) is 10A * 25% = 2.5A; so △ I _L = 2.5A + 2.5A = 5A; therefore, without considering the air gap and the size of the transformer T Next, since the basic switching period of the power switches PS1-PS2 is 1 / 100KHz, T is the basic switching period of the power switches PS1-PS2 times the duty cycle of the power switches PS1-PS2, that is, T = 1 /100KHz*95.24%=9.5us, so from L = V _L T / △ I _{L we} can know that L is 4.75uH.

When the absolute value of the AC input energy is equal to its peak voltage of 155.67V, the secondary voltage is 155.67V * 25/30 = 129.725V, and from the above, T = L * △ I _L / V _L , So T = 0.183us. It can be clearly seen from the above that the higher the AC input energy of the AC power supply, the shorter the charging time T of the choke CH1; conversely, the lower the AC input energy of the AC power supply, the longer the charging time T of the choke CH1 To keep the voltage output to the load L within 50V or the required range.

As can be seen from the above, the energy converter 3 can effectively track the AC input energy of the AC power supply, and when the voltage of the AC input energy of the AC power supply is greater than a certain percentage of its peak voltage, synchronously switch the power of the energy harvesting module 31 The switches PS1-PS2 are used to capture the AC input energy of the AC power supply. The above synchronization mechanism can ensure that the energy extraction module 31 can effectively track the AC input energy of the AC power supply and extract sufficient energy from the AC voltage signal.

In addition, the energy converter 3 can effectively track the voltage and current at the end of the load L, and synchronously switch the power switches PS1-PS2 of the energy harvesting module 31. As shown in FIG. 2, the controller can synchronously switch the power switches PS1-PS2 according to the current feedback signal of the current feedback module 35 and the voltage feedback signal of the voltage feedback module 36 to extract AC power AC The input energy is used to reserve the primary input energy, and the primary input energy can be converted by the transformer T to generate converted energy, and the converted energy can be rectified into DC output energy through the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 to output to the load L . (The circuit of each embodiment in this specification may include a shock absorber, ie snubber, but in order to make the diagram more concise, it will not be repeated here.)

For example, when the load L is insufficient, the voltage is about 8V, and when the controller When the CT switches the power switches PS1-PS2 from the on state to the off state, since the load L is in a low voltage state, a large voltage difference will be generated at the load L terminal, which will generate a large current in an instant. At this time, the controller CT can detect that the current is too large from the current feedback signal, so the controller CT will immediately turn on the power switches PS1-PS2; and after the power switches PS1-PS2 are turned on, this At this time, the controller CT can detect that the voltage output to the load L terminal is insufficient by the voltage feedback signal, so the controller CT will immediately turn off the power switches PS1-PS2.

For example, if the load L has been charged for a certain period of time and the voltage has risen by 12V, then the voltage of the load L is close to 14V after charging, so when the controller CT switches the power switch PS from the on state to the off state, Since the load L is not in a low-voltage state, no obvious voltage difference will appear at the end of the load L, so that the switching frequency of the power switches PS1-PS2 can be reduced or stopped.

As can be seen from the above, the controller CT can simultaneously track the voltage and current of the load L through the current feedback signal of the current feedback module 35 and the voltage feedback signal of the voltage feedback module 36, and simultaneously change the power switches PS1 -The switching frequency of PS2 is used to control the charging time of choke CH1 to adjust the output energy, so it can effectively reduce harmonic distortion and improve power factor.

Please refer to FIG. 5, which is the circuit operation of the second embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention; FIG. 5 exemplifies the full range of the invention with a secondary synchronous tracking function. A better circuit structure of the bridge energy converter.

As shown in the figure, the energy converter 3 may include an energy harvesting module 31, a transformer module 32, a rectifier module 33, a control module 34, a current feedback module 35, and a voltage feedback module 36.

The energy harvesting module 31 can be connected to the AC power supply AC and the transformer module 32, the transformer module 32 can be connected to the rectifier module 33, and the rectifier module 33 can be connected to the current feedback module 35 through the choke CH1 The current feedback module 35 and the voltage feedback module 36 can be simultaneously connected to the load L and the control module 34, and the control module 34 can be connected to the energy harvesting module 31 and the rectifier module 33.

Regarding the energy harvesting module 31, it may include four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4, the first pair of power switches PS1 includes switches PS1 'and PS1 "and the switches PS1' and PS1" are in opposite directions, and the second pair of power switches PS2 includes switches PS2 'and PS2 "and switches PS2' and PS2" are in opposite directions, the third pair of power switches PS3 include switches PS3 'and PS3 "and switches PS3' and PS3" are in opposite directions, and the fourth pair of power switches PS4 include switches PS4 'and PS4 "And the switches PS4 'and PS4" are in opposite directions; the controller CT switches the four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4 to extract the AC power AC energy.

Regarding the transformer module 32, it can be a transformer T; the transformer T can receive the AC power AC energy and store the primary input energy, and can couple the primary input energy from the primary side of the transformer T to the secondary of the transformer T Side to generate conversion energy.

As for the rectifier module 33, it can include the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. By switching the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2, the rectifier module 33 can rectify the converted energy into DC output energy and can output DC output Energy to load L.

As for the current feedback module 35, it may include a shunt resistor SR and an operational amplifier OP; the current feedback module 35 may provide a current feedback signal according to the current of the load L.

As for the voltage feedback module 36, it may include a voltage regulator VR; the voltage feedback module 36 may provide a voltage feedback signal according to the voltage of the load L.

Regarding the control module 34, it may include a controller CT. In a preferred embodiment, the controller CT may include an optical coupler and a microcontroller (MCU), wherein the microcontroller (MCU) may receive current feedback The signal and voltage feedback signals control the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2, and the bridge between the primary side and the secondary side is an optocoupler, which can be directly connected to four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4. Control four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4; the controller CT can determine the demand of the load L according to the current feedback signal of the current feedback module 35 and the voltage feedback signal of the voltage feedback module 36, and can be input according to the AC power supply AC The waveform of the energy and the demand of the load L switch the four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4 to capture the energy input from the AC power supply to reserve the primary input energy to the transformer After the transformer T couples the primary input energy to the secondary side of the transformer T to generate converted energy, the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are switched to rectify the converted energy into DC output energy, and the DC output energy can be output to The load L can make the waveform of the input energy on the primary side track the magnitude of the waveform of the DC output energy to achieve a synchronized state, so that the energy converter can achieve a real power factor.

Through the above design, the primary side of the energy converter does not need to use thermistors, filters, bridge rectifiers and input capacitors, etc., so it can extend the service life and reduce the energy converter component losses, conduction losses, switching losses, Harmonic distortion, space loss, and cost can further increase its power factor and thus improve overall efficiency.

In addition, the primary side of the energy converter can quickly switch four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4 synchronously by tracking the magnitude of the AC input energy of the AC power supply to extract the energy of the AC input of the AC power supply to obtain the corresponding energy of the AC input of the AC power supply Current, and the secondary side of the energy converter can determine the voltage output to the load according to the current feedback signal and the voltage feedback signal, so that the waveform of the primary input energy can track the size of the DC output energy In order to achieve synchronization, it can effectively reduce harmonic distortion and improve power factor.

Please refer to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, which is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function of the present invention; FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate the full-bridge energy conversion In order to make Figs. 6A and 6B clearer, the circuit operation of each stage of the device 3 is omitted in these drawings.

The energy converter 3 can repeatedly perform four circuit operations when the energy input from the AC power supply is in the positive half cycle, namely the first-stage circuit operation T _pp1 on the primary side, the second-stage circuit operation T _pp2 on the primary side, and the secondary side The first stage circuit action T _sp1 and the second stage circuit action T _sp2 on the secondary side, as shown in FIG. 3A, the energy converter 3 performs the first stage circuit action T _{pp1 on the} primary side, at which time the controller CT can Turn on the two pairs of power switches PS1 and PS4, the transformer T can extract energy from the AC power input and store energy, and couple the energy from the primary side to the secondary side; then, the energy converter 3 can perform the secondary of the primary side The first stage circuit action T _{sp1 on the side} , at this time, the controller CT can turn on the first switch SW1, and the second switch SW2 can maintain the off state to rectify the energy generated on the secondary side and output it to the load. The direction of the current is shown by the arrow in the figure.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the energy converter 3 can perform the second-stage circuit action T _pp2 on the primary side. At this time, the controller CT can turn off the two pairs of power switches PS1 and PS4 and turn on the two pairs of power switches PS2 and PS3; Then, the energy converter 3 can simultaneously execute the second-stage circuit action T _sp2 on the secondary side. At this time, the controller CT can turn on the second switch SW12, and the first switch SW1 can maintain the off state to control the secondary side. The generated energy is rectified and output to the load. At this time, the direction of the current is shown by the arrow in the figure.

Similarly, when the controller CT needs to turn off the first switch SW1 and turn on the second switch SW2, the controller CT can turn off the first switch SW1 first, and then turn on the second switch SW2 after a delay time; similarly, when When the controller CT needs to turn off the second switch SW2 and turn on the first switch SW1, the controller CT can turn off the second switch SW2 first, and then turn on the first switch SW1 after a delay time, thus preventing the energy converter 3 from The first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are short-circuited at the same time, causing damage. Similarly, there is a delay time for the switching of the four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4 to prevent the four pairs of power switches PS1 ~ PS4 from turning on at the same time, so that the energy converter 3 is damaged due to the short circuit of the power switches PS1 ~ PS4.

The energy converter 3 can repeatedly perform four circuit operations when the AC voltage signal is in the negative half cycle, namely, the first-stage circuit operation T _pn1 on the primary side, the second-stage circuit operation T _pn2 on the primary side, and the second a phase of circuit operation and a second phase T _sn1 circuit operation of the secondary side of T _sn2, continue through four pairs of switching power switches PS1-PS4 to output energy to the load, since the energy converter 3 is in the AC voltage signal at the negative half cycle The circuit operation is similar to that of the energy converter 3 when the AC voltage signal is in the positive half cycle, so it will not be repeated here.

As mentioned above, the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function according to the present invention may have one or more of the following advantages:

(1) In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter does not need to use components such as thermistors (PTC Thermistor), filters, bridge rectifiers and input capacitors, so it can extend the service life and reduce energy conversion The component loss, conduction loss, switching loss, harmonic distortion, space loss and cost can increase its power factor and thus improve the overall efficiency.

(2) In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter can quickly switch the power switches by tracking the size of the AC voltage signal to extract the energy of the AC voltage signal to obtain the corresponding size of the AC voltage signal Current, and the secondary side of the energy converter can also determine the voltage output to the load according to the current feedback signal and the voltage feedback signal, so it can effectively reduce harmonic distortion and improve power factor.

(3) In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy converter can provide a synchronous tracking function to make the waveform of the primary input energy input from the primary side of the transformer and the DC or pulsating DC output energy waveform output from the secondary side of the transformer Synchronous, it can greatly improve the power factor.

(4) In one embodiment of the present invention, the secondary side of the energy converter can selectively use components such as output capacitors and rectifier diodes, so the cost of the energy converter can be further reduced.

(5) In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal input to the primary side of the energy converter is an AC signal, so there is no need to execute a QR mode, so the efficiency is higher.

(6) In an embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter may not need to be provided with a bridge rectifier and a capacitor, so the cost and efficiency can be reduced.

(7) In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary side of the energy converter may include a choke, which can be used as a buffer circuit to reduce the voltage on the primary side of the energy converter, so the transformer module of the energy converter The number of turns on the primary side and the number of turns on the secondary side can be very close, and the number of turns on the primary side and the secondary side The number of turns can be reduced, so that the efficiency of the energy converter is improved, and the primary coil will not be broken because it is too thin, so the yield can be increased.

(8) In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy converter includes a plurality of power switches, some of the power switches are switched when the input energy of the AC power supply is a positive half cycle, and the other part of the power switches are inputted by the AC power supply It is switched when it is negative half cycle, and the input energy of the AC power supply is gradually changed from small to large or gradually from large to small, and there will be no sudden rise or fall, so the energy converter can be connected directly to the AC power supply. Under normal circumstances, it is not easy to damage and increase the service life.

It can be seen that the present invention has achieved the desired effect under the breakthrough of the previous technology, and it is not easy to think about by those who are familiar with the art. Its progress and practicality have obviously met the patent application requirements. I filed a patent application in accordance with the law, and urge your office to approve this application for a patent for invention in order to encourage creation and reach a sense of virtue.

The above is only an example, not a limitation. Any other modifications or changes made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the attached patent application.

Claims (19)

An energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function directly extracts the energy input from an AC power source, and includes: an energy extraction module, which includes a first choke and a pair of power switches, the first A choke stores the energy of an AC power input, and the power switches can be switched to extract the energy of the AC power input to reserve a primary input energy; a transformer module is to input the primary side The energy is coupled to a secondary side of the transformer module to generate a converted energy; and a rectifier module rectifies the converted energy into a DC output energy and outputs the DC output energy to a load; wherein, the These power switching relationships are switched according to the waveform of the energy input from the AC power source and the demand of the load so that the waveform of the input energy on the primary side can track the waveform of the DC output energy to achieve synchronization. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 1 of the patent scope, wherein the rectifier module includes a first switch and a second switch, the rectifier module is through the first switch and The switching of the second switch rectifies the converted energy into the DC output energy and outputs the DC output energy to the load. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the power switches are related to the absolute value of the energy input by the AC power supply when the absolute value is greater than a preset value or greater than a peak voltage 15% ~ 40% of the time is switched synchronously to capture the energy input from the AC power supply to reserve the primary input energy. As described in item 1 of the patent scope, an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function, in which the power switches are in opposite directions. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 1 of the patent application scope further includes a second choke, which is arranged between the rectifier module and the load. An energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 2 of the patent scope, wherein one end of the first choke is connected to one end of the AC power supply, and the other end of the first choke is It is connected to one end of the power switches, and the other end of the AC power supply is connected to the other end of the power switches. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 2 of the patent application scope further includes a controller to control the on and off of the power switches, the first switch and the second switch . The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 2 of the patent scope, wherein when the converted energy is in the positive half cycle, the second switch is turned off and the first switch is turned on, and when the converted energy When in the negative half cycle, the second switch is turned on and the first switch is turned off; when the first switch and the second switch are switched, there is a delay time, so that the first switch and the second switch are in the off state at the same time It will not turn on at the same time. As described in item 7 of the patent scope, the energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function further includes a voltage feedback module and a current feedback module. The controller is composed of the voltage feedback module and The current feedback module receives a current feedback signal and a voltage feedback signal respectively, and switches the power switches, the first switch and the second switch according to the current feedback signal and the voltage feedback signal. An energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 9 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the power switch relationship is a metal oxide half field effect transistor, and the first switch and the second switch relationship are a metal oxide half field For an effect transistor or a diode, the controller is a PWM controller, the voltage feedback module includes a voltage regulator, and the current feedback module includes a shunt resistor and an operational amplifier. An energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function directly extracts the energy input from an AC power source, and includes: an energy extraction module, which includes at least four pairs of power switches, which can be switched to capture Take the energy input from the AC power supply; a transformer module receives the energy input from the AC power supply to reserve a primary input energy, and couples the primary input energy to a secondary side of the transformer module To generate a converted energy; and a rectifier module, which rectifies the converted energy into a DC output energy, and outputs the DC output energy to a load; wherein, the power on relationship depends on the waveform of the energy input from the AC power supply And the demand of the load is switched so that the waveform of the primary input energy can track the waveform of the DC output energy to achieve synchronization. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 11 of the patent application scope, wherein the rectifier module includes a first switch and a second switch, the rectifier module is through the first switch and The switching of the second switch rectifies the converted energy into the DC output energy, and outputs the DC output energy to the load. An energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 11 of the patent application scope, wherein the power switches are related to the absolute value of the energy input to the AC power supply when the absolute value is greater than a preset value or greater than a peak voltage 15% ~ 40% of the time is switched synchronously to capture the energy input from the AC power supply to reserve the primary input energy. As described in item 11 of the patent application scope, an energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function, in which the direction of each pair of power switches is opposite. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 11 of the patent application scope further includes a choke, which is arranged between the rectifier module and the load. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 12 of the patent application scope further includes a controller to control the on and off of the power switches, the first switch and the second switch . The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 12 of the patent application scope, wherein the first switch and the second switch have a delay time when switching, so that the first switch and the second switch are simultaneously It is in the cut-off state and will not be turned on at the same time; these power switches have a delay time when switching, so that the power switches are in the cut-off state at the same time and will not be turned on at the same time. The energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 16 of the patent scope further includes a voltage feedback module and a current feedback module. The controller is composed of the voltage feedback module and The current feedback module receives a current feedback signal and a voltage feedback signal respectively, and switches the power switches, the first switch and the second switch according to the current feedback signal and the voltage feedback signal. An energy converter with a secondary synchronous tracking function as described in item 18 of the patent application scope, wherein the power switching relationship is a metal oxide half field effect transistor, and the first switch and the second switching relationship are a metal oxide half field For an effect transistor or a diode, the controller is a PWM controller, the voltage feedback module includes a voltage regulator, and the current feedback module includes a shunt resistor and an operational amplifier.