TWI580438B - Contains a composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids - Google Patents
Contains a composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI580438B TWI580438B TW101102844A TW101102844A TWI580438B TW I580438 B TWI580438 B TW I580438B TW 101102844 A TW101102844 A TW 101102844A TW 101102844 A TW101102844 A TW 101102844A TW I580438 B TWI580438 B TW I580438B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- acid
- tocopherol
- polyunsaturated fatty
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
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Description
本發明係有關於一種含有多元不飽和脂肪酸的組成物(較佳為外用組成物)。
多元不飽和脂肪酸係被期待有美白效果等,而已有被摻合於外用組成物(例如化妝品、外用醫藥品等)。然而,已知多元不飽和脂肪酸之經時穩定性很差,且被包含於組成物中的多元不飽和脂肪酸之含量會經時地降低。此外,摻合有多元不飽和脂肪酸而成的組成物會有著色或發生異臭等情形。特別是,於日本國,依據法令等,在將多元不飽和脂肪酸作為有效成分摻合於外用組成物時,必須要使其在製造後3年間穩定殘存有相對於規定量之90%以上,因此希望能開發有效的穩定化技術。至今已有研究之使多元不飽和脂肪酸之經時穩定性提升的技術可舉例如:摻合丁香酚、異丁香酚、維生素K等之技術(專利文獻1)、將多元不飽和脂肪酸類酯化並摻合之技術(專利文獻2~4)、將包含高度不飽和脂肪酸含有脂質之內容物作成封入有氮氣之氣溶膠的技術(專利文獻5)、作成相對於多元不飽和脂肪酸類摻合有特定量維生素E等分散劑而成的乳膠之技術(專利文獻6)等。
【專利文獻1】日本專利特開昭63-72654號公報
【專利文獻2】日本專利特開2007-126438號公報
【專利文獻3】日本專利特開2007-269683號公報
【專利文獻4】日本專利特開2007-269684號公報
【專利文獻5】日本專利特開平8-81326號公報
【專利文獻6】日本專利特表2010-502733號公報
本發明之在於提供更為提高多元不飽和脂肪酸之經時穩定性的外用組成物。
本發明人有鑑於前述情形而反覆全心研究,結果,令人驚訝地,發現到藉由使多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物含有於脂質體中,且使該脂質體分散於分散介質(連續相)中,再使該連續相含有至少一種選自於由生育酚及植酸所構成之群者,可得到具有優異多元不飽和脂肪酸經時穩定性效果之組成物,再反覆改良而完成了本發明。
亦即,本發明包含以下項目所記載的組成物等。
一種組成物,包含有下述(A)成分及(B)成分,且係(B)成分分散於包含(A)成分的連續相中而成者:(A)至少一種選自於由生育酚及植酸所構成之群者;
(B)包含多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物之脂質體。
如第1項之組成物,其中生育酚係至少一種選自於由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、乙酸dl-α-生育酚、dl-α-生育酚及乙酸-d-α-生育酚所構成之群者、。
如第1或2項之組成物,其中多元不飽和脂肪酸係碳數為18~22之多元不飽和脂肪酸。
如第1至3-1項中任一項之組成物,其中多元不飽和脂肪酸係具有2~6個雙鍵的多元不飽和脂肪酸。
如第1至3-2項中任一項之組成物,其係於連續相中至少含有植酸者。
如第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其係於連續相中至少含有δ-生育酚者。
如第1至5項中任一項之組成物,其係於連續相中進一步包含有至少一種選自於L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸由所構成之群者。
如第1至6項中任一項之組成物,其亦於脂質體中包含至少一種選自於由生育酚及植酸所構成之群者。
如第1至7項中任一項之組成物,其係外用組成物。
一種皮膚美白方法,包含有將第1至8項中任一項之組成物適用於皮膚之步驟。
一種皮膚美白治療方法或皮膚美白美容方法,包含有將第1至8項中任一項之組成物適用於皮膚的步驟。
如第1至8項中任一項之組成物,係用於皮膚美白治療用途。
一種第1至8項中任一項之組成物用來製造用於皮膚美白治療之醫藥的用途。
本發明之外用組成物之被包含於脂質體中的多元不飽和脂肪酸的經時穩定性很高。藉此,可有效活用多元不飽和脂肪酸所具有的美白作用等。
本發明之組成物包含有以下(A)成分及(B)成分:(A)至少一種選自於由生育酚及植酸所構成之群者;(B)包含多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物之脂質體。
並且,本發明之組成物係(B)成分分散於包含(A)成分的
分散介質(連續相)中而成。亦即,本發明之組成物係一種分散系,其中成分(A)被包含於分散介質中,且成分(B)係分散質。
換言之,本發明之組成物係一種包含有上述(A)及(B)成分,且(B)成分分散於包含(A)成分之分散介質(連續相)而成的組成物。
於本發明之組成物中,(A)成分係被包含在至少分散脂質體之連續相中。又,可不僅被包含於連續相中,而以亦被包含於脂質體中為佳。脂質體中所含有的(A)成分係以生育酚更佳。再者,(A)成分可藉由在製備脂質體時,與磷脂質、多元不飽和脂肪酸等共同作為脂質體製備原料來使用,以被包含在脂質體中。
本發明所使用的生育酚,無論是在被包含於上述連續相時,或在被包含於脂質體時,皆以選自於由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、乙酸dl-α-生育酚、dl-α-生育酚、乙酸-d-α-生育酚所構成之群者為佳。該等生育酚係可使用1種或組合2種以上來使用。以包含1種或2種以上天然存在的生育酚,即α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚更佳。特別是,由於δ-生育酚可得到高效果故為生育酚之中最佳者。
生育酚係以相對於本發明之組成物總量含有0.005~0.5質量%左右為佳,且係以含有0.01~0.1質量%左右更佳。藉由含有0.005質量%以上,可更進一步地發揮本發明效果。又,在含有0.5質量%以下時,可有效率地得到效果。(亦即,
在含有大於0.5質量%時,可能會有達到效果比預期該摻合量應達效果更小的情況發生。)
於本發明中,多元不飽和脂肪酸係被包含於脂質體中。本發明所使用的多元不飽和脂肪酸,係碳數較佳為18~22(18、19、20、21、或22)之多元不飽和脂肪酸。又,係以具有2~6(2、3、4、5、或6)個雙鍵的多元不飽和脂肪酸為佳。並以碳數為18~22且具有2~6個雙鍵的多元不飽和脂肪酸更佳。具體而言,可例示如亞麻油酸、α-次亞麻油酸、γ-次亞麻油酸、雙同-γ-次亞麻油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸等。又,於本發明中,亦可使用多元不飽和脂肪酸之鹽。舉例而言,可使用多元不飽和脂肪酸鈉鹽、多元不飽和脂肪酸鉀鹽等多元不飽和脂肪酸金屬鹽;多元不飽和脂肪酸精胺酸鹽、多元不飽和脂肪酸離胺酸鹽等多元不飽和脂肪酸胺基酸鹽;多元不飽和脂肪酸三乙醇胺鹽、多元不飽和脂肪酸單乙醇胺鹽等多元不飽和脂肪酸胺鹽等。多元不飽和脂肪酸之鹽的具體例可例示如:亞麻油酸鈉鹽、α-次亞麻油酸鉀鹽等;亞麻油酸精胺酸鹽、α-次亞麻油酸離胺酸鹽等;亞麻油酸三乙醇胺鹽、α-次亞麻油酸單乙醇胺鹽等。
此外,於本發明中,亦可使用多元不飽和脂肪酸之衍生物來代替多元不飽和脂肪酸或是額外添加。如此的衍生物較佳可列舉多元不飽和脂肪酸之單酯及二酯,且可具體例示如:亞麻油酸乙酯、α-次亞麻油酸乙酯、亞麻油酸單甘油酯、α-次亞麻油酸單甘油酯、亞麻油酸二甘油酯、α-
次亞麻油酸二甘油酯等。
其等之中特佳者係可列舉如:亞麻油酸、α-次亞麻油酸、亞麻油酸乙酯、α-次亞麻油酸乙酯、亞麻油酸單甘油酯、α-次亞麻油酸單甘油酯,其中以亞麻油酸最佳。多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物係可使用1種或組合2種以上來使用。此多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物之含量係以相對於本發明之組成物總量為0.01~1質量%為佳,且以0.05~0.5質量%更佳,又以0.08~0.2質量%又更佳,並以0.09~0.11質量%又更佳。若多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物地含量在0.01質量%以上,即可藉由使用本發明之組成物,而更為有效率地得到美白效果;另一方面,若在1質量%以下,會較不會有組成物經時產生異臭、變色等,或是無法得到僅摻合多元不飽和脂肪酸之效果的可能。
本發明所使用的脂質體係以卵磷脂作為構成成分(特別是膜構成成分)來含有者為佳。卵磷脂可例示如:大豆卵磷脂、玉米卵磷脂、綿籽油卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、蛋白卵磷脂等。又,亦可使用卵磷脂衍生物來代替卵磷脂或是額外添加。卵磷脂衍生物係可例示如加氫卵磷脂、於前述例示之卵磷脂中的磷脂質導入聚乙二醇、胺基多醣類等而成的化合物。其中,大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、加氫大豆卵磷脂、加氫卵黄卵磷脂為佳,且特別是以大豆卵磷脂、卵黄卵磷脂為佳。又,亦可適當地使用提高存在於卵磷脂中的磷脂質(例如:磷脂醯膽鹼、磷脂醯絲胺酸、磷脂醯乙醇胺、磷脂醯肌醇、磷脂醯甘油、神經鞘磷脂等)之純度而成
的純化卵磷脂。該等卵磷脂或卵磷脂衍生物係可使用1種或組合2種以上來使用。
本發明之組成物可藉由以下方式製造:例如,製造包含多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物之脂質體((B)成分)分散於液體之分散介質中而成的脂質體分散液,再使(A)成分包含於該脂質體分散液之連續相。脂質體分散液之分散介質通常可使用水。當脂質體分散液的分散介質為水時,且在使用水難溶性物質(生育酚)作為(A)成分時,可使其分散至該水中,亦可進一步添加界面活性劑而使其溶解至該水中。再者,於本發明中,(A)成分係以溶解於分散介質中來含有為佳。
脂質體分散液的製造方法並未特別限定,而可使用一般方法。舉例而言,可例示:(1)將磷脂質、多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物、其他含有成分等混合成均質後,以包含pH調整劑、多元醇、糖類等之水溶液進行水合,而形成脂質體的方法;(2)將磷脂質、多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物、其他含有成分溶解於醇、多元醇等,並以包含pH調整劑、多元醇、糖類等之水溶液進行水合,而製備脂質體的方法;(3)使用超音波、法式壓碎機(French press)、均質機等,使磷脂質、多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物、其他內含有成分於水中複合化,而製備脂質體的方法;(4)將磷脂質、多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物、其他含有成分混合溶解於乙醇中,且在將該乙醇溶液添加至氯化
鉀水溶液之後,去除乙醇而製備脂質體的方法等。
於該脂質體分散液中,係可摻合高分子、蛋白質及其水解物、黏多糖類等。亦即,亦可使用高分子、蛋白質及其水解物、黏多糖類等作為材料來製造脂質體分散液。脂質體分散液中所摻合的高分子雖可例示如:羧基乙烯基聚合物、三仙膠、藻酸鈉等,但並不限定於其等。以羧基乙烯基聚合物、三仙膠為佳,且特別是以三仙膠更佳。該等高分子等係可使用1種或組合2種以上來使用。高分子之摻合量雖未特別限定,但以相對於脂質體分散液全體之0.001~20質量%為佳,且以0.01~10質量%更佳,又以0.05~5質量%特佳。蛋白質及其水解物可列舉:膠原蛋白、彈力蛋白、角蛋白、酪蛋白等蛋白質、該等蛋白質之水解物、該水解物之鹽、該水解物之酯或是該水解物經酵素處理而成者。蛋白質及其水解物之摻合量雖未特別限定,但以相對於脂質體分散液全體之0.001~5質量%為佳,且以0.01~1質量%更佳。黏多糖雖可列舉:硫酸軟骨素、玻尿酸、硫酸皮膚素、硫酸乙醯肝素、硫酸黏多糖、肝素及其衍生物及其等之鹽類等,但特別是以硫酸軟骨素、玻尿酸及其等之鈉鹽為佳。黏多糖之摻合量雖未特限定,但以相對於脂質體分散液全體之0.0005~5質量%為佳,且以0.001~1質量%更佳。
如上所述,本發明之組成物可藉由使(A)成分被包含至脂質體分散液之連續相中來製造。又,亦可在不損及本發明效果之範圍內,使(A)成分以外的成分被包含至脂質體分
散液之連續相中。
例如,如上所述,脂質體分散液之分散介質為水,而在將水難溶性物質(生育酚)作為(A)成分使用時,可進一步添加界面活性劑而使其溶解至該分散液之連續相(即,分散介質:水)中。
界面活性劑係以非離子性界面活性劑為佳,可列舉聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻籽油、脂肪酸多甘油酯活性劑,且其中係以單月桂酸六甘油酯、單肉豆蔻酸六甘油酯、單硬脂酸六甘油酯、單油酸六甘油酯、單月桂酸十甘油酯、單油酸十甘油酯、單亞麻油酸十甘油酯、單異硬脂酸十甘油酯等六甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸十甘油酯為佳。該等界面活性劑可單獨使用或組合二種以上來使用。
又,可使L-胱胺酸及/或L-羥丁胺酸包含於脂質體分散液之連續相中(已使其(等)溶解為佳)。由於藉由將L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸使用於“包含有(A)成分及(B)成分且係(B)成分分散於包含(A)成分的連續相中而成之組成物”,可發揮更為提高多元不飽和脂肪酸穩定性之效果,因此以L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸為佳。
本發明中所使用的L-胱胺酸、L-羥丁胺酸(亦稱為「L-蘇胺酸」)雖可單獨使用或組合二種以上來使用,但由於若組合二種來含有可得到更高的效果故以其為佳。如此的L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸係以相對於本發明之組成物總量之0.0001~0.2質量%為佳,且以0.0005~0.1質量%更佳,又以
0.001~0.06質量%最佳。
在將本發明作為外用組成物使用時,亦可進一步使用可用來製造通常外用組成物的成分(使其被包含於脂質體分散液之連續相中)。如此的成分係可例示如:保濕劑、水溶性高分子、油成分、著色劑、氧化防止劑、螯合劑、防腐劑、pH調整劑、清涼劑、香料、紫外線吸收/散射劑、抗氧化劑、藥效成分等。
保濕劑係可列舉:以丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘油等為代表的多元醇類、高分子多糖類、植物萃取物、微生物代謝物等。該等保濕劑可單獨使用或組合二種以上來使用。
水溶性高分子係可列舉:纖維素衍生物、羧基乙烯基聚合物、三仙膠、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、(丙烯酸酯/伊康酸STEARETH-20)共聚物、(丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸烷酯(C10-30))交聯聚合物、(丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸PALMETH-25)共聚物、(丙烯酸酯/伊康酸CETETH-20)共聚物、(丙烯酸酯/甲基丙烯酸烷基(C12-22))共聚物、(丙烯酸酯/甲基丙烯酸BEHENETH-25)共聚物、(丙烯酸酯/甲基丙烯酸STEARETH-20)交聯聚合物、瓊脂、支鏈澱粉、結冷膠、明膠、黏土礦物等。該等水溶性高分子可單獨使用或組合二種以上來使用。
油成分係可列舉:動物油、植物油、礦物油、烴油、酯油、蠟類、高級醇、高級脂肪酸、矽酮油及其衍生物、凡士林、精油等。該等油成分可單獨使用或組合二種以上來使用。
又,在將本發明作為外用組成物使用時,可在脂質體
之製備中,且於不損及本發明效果的範圍內,使用可被包含在通常脂質體中的成分。舉例而言,可例示如:抗壞血酸等抗氧化劑、乳酸、檸檬酸等有機酸、磷脂醯甘油、磷脂醯乙醇胺等脂質、幾丁聚醣、褐藻糖膠(fucoidan)、玻尿酸等天然高分子、聚乙二醇、羧基乙烯基聚合物等合成高分子、海藻糖、乳酮糖、麥芽糖醇等糖質、甘油等多元醇等。
本發明之組成物係以作為外用組成物(適用於皮膚的組成物)來使用為佳。外用組成物可例示如:醫藥組成物、醫藥部外品組成物及化妝品組成物。特別是以作為具有皮膚美白效果的外用組成物(亦即,美白用外用組成物)使用、作為醫藥品或醫藥部外品、化妝品使用為佳。劑型雖無特別限定,但可列舉:面膜、糊劑、軟膏、乳霜、凝膠、洗劑、乳液、美容液、化妝水、噴塗劑等。
在將本發明之組成物作為外用組成物使用時,適用對象雖無特別限定,但以希望皮膚美白的人為佳。
又,本發明亦包括一種美白皮膚的方法(皮膚美白方法),該方法包含將上述本發明之組成物適用於對象之皮膚的步驟。該方法可以例如治療目的及美容目的來利用。亦即,該皮膚美白方法包含皮膚美白治療方法及皮膚美白美容方法。於此之美白方法,具體而言,可為了例如斑點或暗沉、黃褐斑、炎症後色素沉澱等治療或美容來使用。再者,適用對象、適用量等係如上所述。
以下,雖說明本發明之實施例,但本發明當不為下述例所限定。再者,以下只要無特別提及,「%」即表示「質量%」。
以日本專利特開平11-1423之實施例3的方法為準,進行含亞麻油酸脂質體之分散液的製備。具體而言,於1,3-丁二醇中將大豆卵磷脂、亞麻油酸及dl-α-生育酚混合成均質,並於其中添加純化水,且以法式壓碎機處理而製備脂質體分散液(亞麻油酸含量為0.5%或1.0%)。再者,相對於該脂質體分散液總量,於製備時係分別使用大豆卵磷脂而使其含有4質量%、使用dl-α-生育酚而使其含有0.05質量%、使用1,3-丁二醇而使其含有4質量%。
再者,以如下述表1所示處方混合各成分,而製造各組成物(各實施例及比較例)。再者,於表1中的「其他成分」係於任一例中皆使用相同者。「其他成分」的明細係示於表2。又,表1及表2之各成分的數值係表示摻合量(質量%)。
比較例1係不摻合生育酚及植酸,而僅摻合L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸而成之例。又,比較例2則為摻合已知具有抗氧化性的油溶性甘草萃取物來代替生育酚或植酸而成之例。
又,將各組成物於製造後於40℃放置2個月,且定量組成物中的亞麻油酸量,而調查各組成物中亞麻油酸的穩定性。亞麻油酸之定量係藉由高效能液相層析法(Agilent公司製1100系列)來進行。再者,將摻合理論值作為基準,而從放置後的定量值計算出殘存率。將在40℃放置2個月後的
亞麻油酸之殘存率在95%以上的組成物評定為◎、在90%以上且小於95%的組成物評定為○、小於90%的組成物評定為×。結果係一併示於表1。
表1
如表1所示般,可知含有油溶性甘草萃取物的組成物(比較例2)中的亞麻油酸之穩定性很差。而在單獨含有生育酚的組成物中,可知相較於含有乙酸dl-α-生育酚者,含有天然維生素E或δ-生育酚者之亞麻油酸穩定效果更高。又,亦可知相較於單獨含有生育酚的組成物,進一步合併含有L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸的組成物可得到更高的亞麻油酸穩定效果。
以下,例示本發明之組成物的處方例。再者,以下只要無特別提及,「%」即表示「質量%」。又,脂質體分散液中所包含的脂質體以外之成分係全部被包含於連續相中。
Claims (9)
- 一種組成物,包含有下述(A)成分及(B)成分,且係(B)成分分散於包含(A)成分的連續相中而成者:(A)至少一種選自於由生育酚(tocopherol)及植酸(phytic acid)所構成之群者;(B)包含碳數為18~22之多元不飽和脂肪酸或其衍生物之脂質體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中生育酚係至少一種選自於由α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、乙酸dl-α-生育酚、dl-α-生育酚及乙酸-d-α-生育酚所構成之群者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其係於連續相中至少包含有植酸者。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其係於連續相中至少包含有植酸者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其係於連續相中至少包含有δ-生育酚者。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其係於連續相中至少包含有δ-生育酚者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其係於連續相中進一步包含有至少一種選自於由L-胱胺酸及L-羥丁胺酸所構成之群者。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其亦於脂質體中包含至少一種選自於由生育酚及植酸所構成之群者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之組成物,其係外用組成物。
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