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TWI539493B - 用於摻雜具有分子單層之矽基材之方法及組合物 - Google Patents

用於摻雜具有分子單層之矽基材之方法及組合物 Download PDF

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TWI539493B
TWI539493B TW100107666A TW100107666A TWI539493B TW I539493 B TWI539493 B TW I539493B TW 100107666 A TW100107666 A TW 100107666A TW 100107666 A TW100107666 A TW 100107666A TW I539493 B TWI539493 B TW I539493B
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金柏莉 朵娜 帕樂德
艾利森C 瑞克特
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Description

用於摻雜具有分子單層之矽基材之方法及組合物
本發明大體而言係關於用於摻雜Si表面之方法,且更特定言之係關於藉由用摻雜劑溶液處理基材隨後藉由快速熱退火使該摻雜劑擴散至Si表面來摻雜該表面之方法。
最近數十年來,半導體工業中減小裝置尺寸為技術進步之主要驅動力。舉例而言,在半導體加工之前段製程(FEOL)應用中,不斷調整接面深度以及閘極長度以獲得較快電晶體速度及較高填充密度。典型地,使用約為電晶體閘極長度之三分之一的源極/汲極延長接面深度以達成有效靜電學及可接受之漏電流。在閘極長度快速接近10 nm以下範圍之情況下,開發工作集中於可靠地形成5 nm以下超淺接面(USJ),其具有低薄層電阻率以便於將來調整電晶體。
最通常情況下,USJ在商業上藉由離子植入與瞬間退火組合而製造。在製程期間,Si原子被高能摻雜離子置換,且使用後續退火步驟(例如瞬間退火,在小於1秒內具有溫度快速向上/向下勻變能力的高溫退火製程)藉由使摻雜劑移動至適當晶格位置並復原基材之晶體品質來活化摻雜劑。不幸地是,藉由習知技術亦產生諸如Si間隙及空位之點缺陷,該等點缺陷與摻雜劑相互作用進一步加寬接面輪廓,其稱為暫態增強擴散(TED),由此限制形成10 nm以下之USJ。
已進行大量研究工作來開發製造<5 nm USJ的新型策略,該等策略利用較重之植入摻雜劑源(分子植入、氣體簇離子束及電漿摻雜)來獲得較淺摻雜輪廓,且採用先進退火技術(快速及雷射)來活化植入之摻雜劑而不引起顯著擴散。然而,與先進摻雜及退火技術對接面均勻性、可靠性及後續製程整合之影響有關的問題仍阻礙其用於IC製造中。
在保持具有原子精度之半導體材料受控摻雜的同時,以此小規模獲得USJ的一個可能途徑利用矽之結晶性質及其充分的自限制表面反應特性。此方法依賴在結晶Si表面上形成自組裝單層的含摻雜劑之分子,隨後經由快速熱退火(RTA)進行摻雜原子之後續熱擴散。
Berkeley的Ali Javey教授已進行了此領域的奠基工作(Nature Materials,第7卷,2008年1月,第62-67頁;Nanoletters,2009第9卷,第2期,第725-730頁)。Javey教授及其小組藉由用溶於均三甲苯中之摻雜劑(p型摻雜晶圓之摻雜劑為烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯,且n型摻雜晶圓之摻雜劑為1-丙基膦酸二乙酯)處理Si表面,隨後將該材料退火以使摻雜原子擴散至表面中且獲得n+/p USJ而成功地摻雜矽晶圓。Javey教授之結果藉由SIMS來證實,且觀察到含P混合物之滲透深度為約3至3.5 nm。
不過用Javey方法仍有問題需解決。舉例而言,Javey教授所使用的含均三甲苯之處理溶液不適用於商業應用,在商業應用中,使用高表面改質反應溫度且重點考慮商業規模原料處理。因此,仍需要對Javey教授摻雜矽基材的方法加以改良。本發明解決此需要。
在本發明之一較佳具體實例中,提供一種摻雜Si表面之方法,其包含用包含四乙二醇二甲醚(tetraglyme)及含摻雜劑之材料的經稀釋摻雜劑溶液來處理基材,隨後使摻雜劑擴散至表面。1-丙基膦酸二乙酯及烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯為較佳的含摻雜劑之材料,且較佳以約1%至約20%範圍內之量包括於經稀釋之摻雜劑溶液中,其中摻雜劑之量更佳為4%或4%以下。較佳在擴散之前,諸如藉由沉積氧化矽或氮化矽來施加覆蓋層。較佳藉由快速熱退火來實現擴散步驟。
為了促進對本發明原理的理解,現將參考某些具體實例且將使用特定語言來描述該等具體實例。然而應瞭解不欲藉此限制本發明之範疇,預期熟習本發明相關技術者通常將瞭解所說明具體實例之變化及進一步修改。
在本發明之一態樣中,提供一種摻雜Si表面之方法,其藉由用包含四乙二醇二甲醚(tetraglyme)及含摻雜劑之材料的經稀釋摻雜劑溶液來處理基材,隨後使摻雜劑擴散至表面來進行。
在較佳具體實例中,最初清潔Si表面以移除氧化物並提供H-封端之矽表面。舉例而言,可使用稀HF來完成初始清潔。亦可使用其他步驟來保護表面直至四乙二醇二甲醚摻雜劑處理,諸如用3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇處理表面。
在本發明之一較佳態樣中,四乙二醇二甲醚(tetraglyme)用作溶劑向經清潔之Si基材提供含摻雜劑之材料。溶劑與摻雜劑分子相互作用,將其載運至矽表面,藉此可控制施加至表面之摻雜劑之量。
所包括之四乙二醇二甲醚之量較佳為適於將摻雜材料稀釋至小於20%,且較佳不大於4%之量。若不使用其他溶劑,則四乙二醇二甲醚之量可為80%或80%以上,且較佳為96%或96%以上。若使用其他溶劑,則四乙二醇二甲醚之量可相應較少。
在另一具體實例中,溶劑系統包含替代四乙二醇二甲醚之溶劑,或除四乙二醇二甲醚以外之溶劑。較佳之其他或替代性溶劑之個別閃點高於120℃,或提供組合閃點高於120℃之溶劑系統。較佳之其他或替代性溶劑另外在施加至Si表面時具有0°之接觸角,且可與水混溶。在其他具體實例中,其他或替代性溶劑具有彼等特徵且為極性溶劑。
可替代四乙二醇二甲醚使用或除四乙二醇二甲醚以外使用之次級溶劑可包括以下一或多者:二甲亞碸(DMSO)、二甲碸、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)、1-甲醯基哌啶、其他二醇醚類(諸如三乙二醇二甲醚或二乙二醇二甲醚)、合成異構烷烴(isopar)溶劑摻合物(諸如Isopar M)、烷醇胺(諸如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺)、脂肪酸(諸如亞麻油酸、油酸、棕櫚油酸)及脂肪酸在諸如以下溶劑中之混合物:紅花子油、葡萄子油、罌粟子油、葵花子油、大麻油、玉米油、小麥胚芽油、棉子油、大豆油、核桃油、芝麻油、米糠油、阿月渾子油、花生油、菜籽油、雞脂、蛋黃、亞麻子油、豬油、橄欖油、棕櫚油、可可脂、澳洲胡桃油、黃油及椰子油。
關於摻雜劑,1-丙基膦酸二乙酯及烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯為較佳含摻雜劑之材料。在一些具體實例中,除1-丙基膦酸二乙酯及/或烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯以外或替代1-丙基膦酸二乙酯及/或烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯,可使用有效產生n型摻雜或p型摻雜表面之其他摻雜劑。舉例而言,除磷以外或替代磷,可使用砷或其他第V族材料,且除硼以外或替代硼,可使用鎵或其他第III族材料。
在其他具體實例中,摻雜劑包含5-5二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷雜環己烷-2-酮。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含磷酸三苯酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含亞磷酸三甲酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含乙基膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含甲基膦酸二甲酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含(2-側氧基丁基)膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含(羥甲基)膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含(3-苯氧基丙酮基)膦酸二甲酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含雙(4-甲氧基苯基)膦。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含雙(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含(2-側氧基丙基)膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含1-苯基乙基膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含2-苯基乙基膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含環丙基甲基膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含(3-苯氧基丙酮基)膦酸二甲酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含(2-甲基烯丙基)膦酸二乙酯。在另一具體實例中,摻雜劑包含一或多個選自由以下組成之群之成員:5-5二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷雜環己烷-2-酮、磷酸三苯酯、亞磷酸三甲酯、乙基膦酸二乙酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、(2-側氧基丁基)膦酸二乙酯、(羥甲基)膦酸二乙酯、(3-苯氧基丙酮基)膦酸二甲酯、雙(4-甲氧基苯基)膦、雙(3,5-二甲基苯基)膦、(2-側氧基丙基)膦酸二乙酯、1-苯基乙基膦酸二乙酯、2-苯基乙基膦酸二乙酯、環丙基甲基膦酸二乙酯、(3-苯氧基丙酮基)膦酸二甲酯、(2-甲基烯丙基)膦酸二乙酯,以及1-丙基膦酸二乙酯。
在迄今為止之測試中,摻雜材料較佳以約1%至約20%範圍內之量包括於經稀釋之摻雜劑溶液中,其中摻雜劑量更佳為1%至10%,且摻雜量最佳為4%或4%以下。
較佳在擴散之前,諸如藉由沉積氧化矽或氮化矽來施加覆蓋層。在一具體實例中,在擴散之前,藉由電漿增強化學氣相沉積(PECVD)來施加50 nm厚之覆蓋層。
在覆蓋層沉積之後藉由退火使摻雜材料擴散至Si表面中。較佳地,使用快速熱退火(RTA)。
現將參考使用上述方法的特定實施例。應瞭解提供該等實施例以更完全地描述較佳具體實例,且不欲藉此限制本發明之範疇。
實施例1-溶解度測試
評估多種溶劑作為烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯:均三甲苯及膦酸二乙基丙酯:均三甲苯系統中均三甲苯之可能替代物。候選溶劑包括:1)二甲亞碸(DMSO);2)N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP);3)1-甲醯基哌啶(1-FP);4)四乙二醇二甲醚(TG);及5)Isopar M(IM)。
測試1-丙基膦酸二乙酯97%(n型摻雜劑)及烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯(p型摻雜劑)之溶解度。溶劑與添加劑材料(n或p型)之比率為1:4。溶解度結果提供如下:
所有材料均可溶且仍為溶液。將其保持在室溫下12小時之後進行檢查。
實施例2-接觸角測試
亦進行接觸角測試。在測試接觸角之前在室溫(23℃)下將矽基材(在測試前經n型摻雜及p型摻雜)浸沒於0.5%HF(水溶液)中持續2分鐘。使用去離子水及均三甲苯作為參照。
在n型及p型Si(100)上所觀察到之接觸角報導如下:
接觸角測試指示除DMSO以外之所有測試溶劑均不具有接觸角且因此潤濕基材表面。已知DMSO之接觸角量測,因此其無需進一步測試。
實施例3-磷摻雜
使用經稀釋之摻雜劑溶液來摻雜Si基材。使用以下玻璃儀器進行摻雜測試:3頸圓底燒瓶(500 mL)、2個蒸餾柱、用作N2入口之不鏽鋼管、2個溫度計轉接器、Y形蒸餾轉接器、4個用於蒸餾柱及N2之管子、循環浴、溫度計、加熱罩。裝備之圖像如下所示。
使用以下材料:N2(超高純度)、乙二醇/水混合物(1:1)、實驗溶液(以下列出所用溶液)、3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁醇、0.5% HF溶液、IPA、n型Si基材、p型Si基材。
測試程序如下:
1.裝配玻璃儀器、使浴液(乙二醇與去離子水1:1)回流、將圓底燒瓶置於加熱罩上、將Si基材劈成約11/2 cm×11/2 cm之小塊以用於測試。同時加工n型及p型基材。
2.製備溶液:
○HF(0.5%溶液)
○3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁醇
○實驗溶液:
■1號溶液-TG及1-丙基膦酸二乙酯4:1(v/v)-總共20 g在燒瓶中
■2號溶液-1-FP及1-丙基膦酸二乙酯4:1(v/v)-總共20 g在燒瓶中
■3號溶液-TG及烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯4:1(v/v)-總共20 g在燒瓶中
■4號溶液-1-FP及烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯4:1(v/v)-總共20 g在燒瓶中
3.用N2吹洗含有所要溶液之圓底燒瓶,在室溫下使N2鼓泡通過該流體持續1小時。
4.使用加熱罩加熱溶液至120℃,在加熱的同時開始冷卻液體流動(約10℃)通過冷凝器,且在整個摻雜處理期間持續其流動。
5.當溶液為120℃時,藉由將基材在室溫下之HF溶液中加工(2分鐘)隨後在3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁醇中加工(30秒)來製備基材。
6.緊接著步驟5之後,將經處理之基材置於在120℃下加熱2.5小時之含有稀摻雜溶液的圓底燒瓶中,並持續N2鼓泡。
7.2.5小時後,冷卻該玻璃儀器設備及溶液15至20分鐘,在移除Si基材小塊之前冷卻水仍通過冷凝器。
8.自溶液中移除該等小塊後在IPA中沖洗。
9.沉積氧化矽或氮化矽或其他適當覆蓋材料,諸如電漿增強正矽酸四乙酯(PETEOS)。
10.進行高溫退火處理(1050℃退火),且藉由次級離子質譜法(SIMS)進行表徵。
SIMS為一種偵測極低濃度之摻雜劑及雜質的分析技術。其可提供在幾埃至數十微米深度範圍內之元素深度特徵。SIMS藉由用初始離子束濺鍍樣品表面來進行。使用質譜儀萃取並分析在濺鍍期間形成之次級離子。此等次級離子可在基質量級(matrix level)低至低於百萬分之一的痕量級的範圍內。使用此技術來測定在覆蓋及高溫退火製程之後,磷原子(來自1-丙基膦酸二乙酯)或硼原子(來自烯丙基硼酸頻哪醇酯)是否滲入矽基材中。結果如下所示。x軸指示所監測之各原子類型之滲透深度(且在圖示圖例上標出)。
在以上實施例中,一種樣品係使用均三甲苯作為溶劑而產生,一種樣品係使用四乙二醇二甲醚(TG)作為溶劑而製備。使用SIMS產生比較數據來比較該等樣品。使用四乙二醇二甲醚作為溶劑之系統將磷提供至表面,且在覆蓋及退火之後,使磷滲入Si中之深度大於由均三甲苯溶劑系統提供至矽表面之磷。
下文提供在溶液中多次加入1-丙基膦酸二乙酯之後的其他SIMS結果。
磷摻雜樣品之結果指示摻雜深度可受諸如摻雜濃度、時間及溫度之一種因素或多種因素之組合的控制。
實施例4-代表性製造方法
本發明之摻雜表面可藉由以下方法製造:
1.較佳使用DHF溶液清潔及乾燥經圖案化之Si晶圓;
2.清潔浸漬槽;
3.用四乙二醇二甲醚或摻雜溶液多次沖洗已清潔之槽直至用於清潔之所有溶液均淨化;
4.在槽中裝入摻雜溶液至足以完全覆蓋待摻雜之晶圓的較大量;
5.加熱該摻雜溶液至在矽上產生摻雜劑層所需要之溫度;
6.將晶圓完全浸漬於摻雜溶液中並持續在矽上產生摻雜劑層所需要之時間;
7.用適當溶劑(例如IPA或H2O)沖洗晶圓;及
8.用N2乾燥該等晶圓。
在上述步驟之後,可如下處理經摻雜之表面:
1.氧化物沉積;及
2.退火以加速摻雜劑擴散。
可使用熟習此項技術者已知之方法來完成覆蓋經摻雜之表面(氧化物沉積)及退火以加速摻雜劑擴散的適當製程步驟。
雖然本發明之組合物及方法已參考某些較佳具體實例加以描述,但熟習此項技術者將顯而易見可在不脫離本發明之概念及精神之情況下對本文所述之組合物及方法加以變化。對熟習此項技術者顯而易見的所有此類修改需要受保護,且被認為在如本文所揭示及主張之本發明之範疇內。

Claims (19)

  1. 一種製備經摻雜之Si表面之方法,其包含:a)清潔Si表面以移除氧化物;及b)使該經清潔之Si表面與稀摻雜劑溶液接觸,該稀摻雜劑溶包含四乙二醇二甲醚(tetraglyme)及有效摻雜Si表面之摻雜劑材料,其中該接觸持續的時間及所處的溫度可在該表面上有效形成摻雜劑材料層,且其中該摻雜劑包含周期表第III族、周期表第V族或其組合之材料。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該摻雜劑包含砷或鎵。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該方法進一步包括向該經掺雜之區域施加覆蓋層的步驟。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該方法進一步包括藉由將該經處理之Si基材退火來使該摻雜劑擴散至該Si表面中的步驟。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該稀摻雜劑溶液除四乙二醇二甲醚之外還包含另一溶劑。
  6. 一種摻雜Si表面之方法,其包含:a)清潔Si表面以移除氧化物;b)使該經清潔之Si表面與稀摻雜劑溶液接觸,該稀摻雜劑溶液包含四乙二醇二甲醚(tetraglyme)及有效摻雜Si表面之摻雜劑材料,c)向該經摻雜之區域施加覆蓋層; 及d)藉由將該經處理之Si基材退火來使該摻雜劑擴散至該Si表面中,其中該接觸持續的時間及所處的溫度可在該表面上有效形成摻雜劑材料層,且其中該摻雜劑包含周期表第III族、周期表第V族或其組合之材料;。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該方法另外包括用3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇處理該經清潔之Si表面,隨後與該稀摻雜劑溶液接觸的步驟。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中所提供之該摻雜劑材料之量介於1%與20%之間。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中所提供之該摻雜劑材料之量為4%或4%以下。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該摻雜劑包含砷或鎵。
  11. 一種製備經摻雜之Si表面之方法,其包含:a)清潔Si表面以移除氧化物;及b)使該經清潔之Si表面與包含以下之稀摻雜劑溶液接觸:i)至少一種選自由以下組成之群之溶劑:四乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二甲亞碸、二甲碸、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1-甲醯基哌啶、Isopar M、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、亞麻油酸、油酸、棕櫚油酸、紅花子油、葡萄子油、 罌粟子油、葵花子油、大麻油、玉米油、小麥胚芽油、棉子油、大豆油、核桃油、芝麻油、米糠油、阿月渾子油、花生油、菜籽油、雞脂、蛋黃、亞麻子油、豬油、橄欖油、棕橺油、可可脂、澳洲胡桃油、黃油以及椰子油;及ii)包含周期表第III族、周期表第V族或其組合之材料之摻雜劑材料,其中該接觸進行的時間及所處的溫度可在該表面上有效形成摻雜劑材料層。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該摻雜劑包含砷或鎵。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該方法進一步包括向該經摻雜之區域施加覆蓋層的步驟。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中該方法進一步包括藉由將該經處理之Si基材退火來使該摻雜劑擴散至該Si表面中的步驟。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該方法另外包括用3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇處理該經清潔之Si表面,隨後與該稀摻雜劑溶液接觸的步驟。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該溶劑為四乙二醇二甲醚。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該溶劑包括四乙二醇二甲醚及選自由以下組成之群的次級溶劑:三乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二甲亞碸、二甲 碸、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1-甲醯基哌啶、Isopar M、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、亞麻油酸、油酸、棕櫚油酸、紅花子油、葡萄子油、罌粟子油、葵花子油、大麻油、玉米油、小麥胚芽油、棉子油、大豆油、核桃油、芝麻油、米糠油、阿月渾子油、花生油、菜籽油、雞脂、蛋黃、亞麻子油、豬油、橄欖油、棕橺油、可可脂、澳洲胡桃油、黃油以及椰子油。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中所提供之該摻雜劑材料之量介於1%與20%之間。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中所提供之該摻雜劑材料之量為4%或4%以下。
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US8466035B2 (en) 2013-06-18
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US20120003826A1 (en) 2012-01-05
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