TWI459945B - 作為磷酸二酯酶抑制劑之1-苯基-2-吡啶基烷基醇衍生物 - Google Patents
作為磷酸二酯酶抑制劑之1-苯基-2-吡啶基烷基醇衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI459945B TWI459945B TW099103291A TW99103291A TWI459945B TW I459945 B TWI459945 B TW I459945B TW 099103291 A TW099103291 A TW 099103291A TW 99103291 A TW99103291 A TW 99103291A TW I459945 B TWI459945 B TW I459945B
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- 229950005184 piclamilast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010035653 pneumoconiosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002288 procaterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FKNXQNWAXFXVNW-BLLLJJGKSA-N procaterol Chemical compound N1C(=O)C=CC2=C1C(O)=CC=C2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)C)CC FKNXQNWAXFXVNW-BLLLJJGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WVLAAKXASPCBGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N reproterol Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N(C)C=2N=CN1CCCNCC(O)C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 WVLAAKXASPCBGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004700 rosacea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002052 salbutamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002636 symptomatic treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000195 terbutaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N tiotropium Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2[N+]([C@H](C1)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O1)(C)C)C(=O)C(O)(C=1SC=CC=1)C1=CC=CS1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940110309 tiotropium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000048 toxicity data Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960002117 triamcinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Description
本發明係關於磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)酵素之抑制劑。特定言之,本發明係關於1-苯基-2-吡啶基烷基醇衍生物、其製備方法、含有該等化合物之組成物、其之組合物、及其治療用途。
呼吸道阻塞為多種重度呼吸道疾病包括氣喘及慢性阻塞性肺疾(COPD)之特徵。造成呼吸道阻塞的事件包括呼吸道壁水腫、黏液產生增加及發炎。
呼吸道疾病諸如氣喘及COPD之治療藥物目前係經由吸入投予。吸入途徑優於系統性投藥之優點之一為可將藥物直接遞送至作用部位,避免任何系統性副作用,如此提供更快速臨床反應及較高的治療比例。
吸入性皮質類固醇為氣喘之目前首選的維持治療,連同支氣管擴張劑β2
-促效劑可用於急性症狀的緩解,此等療法構成該疾病目前治療的主流。目前COPD的療法主要係利用使用吸入性抗膽鹼激性劑及吸入性β2
-腎上腺素受體促效劑之支氣管擴張治療進行症候性處理。但皮質類固醇並未能如同其用於氣喘的效果,皮質類固醇未能減低COPD的發炎反應。
有鑑於其用於治療發炎性呼吸道疾病諸如氣喘及COPD之抗炎效果,另一類正在研究中之治療劑係以磷酸二酯酶(PDE)之抑制劑,特別為磷酸二酯酶4型(後文稱作為PDE4)之抑制劑為代表。
已經揭示多種用作為PDE4抑制劑之化合物。但若干第一代PDE4抑制劑諸如洛利普南(rolipram)及吡拉米司特(piclamilast)之用途有限,原因在於其於中樞神經系統對PDE4之作用,以及由於其於腸道對腸壁細胞之PDE4之作用,結果導致非期望的副作用,諸如噁心、胃酸分泌及嘔吐。
該等副作用的起因已經廣泛研究。
發現PDE4係以顯示不同組態之兩種分開形式存在,該二形式稱作為高度親和力洛利普南結合部位或HPDE4,特別係存在於中樞神經系統及腸壁細胞;及低親和力洛利普南結合部位或LPDE4(Jacobitz,S et al Mol. Pharmacol,1996,50,891-899),其係存在於免疫細胞及發炎細胞。雖然兩種形式顯然皆具有催化活性,但就其對抑制劑之敏感度而言兩種形式乃有別。特別,對LPDE4具較高親和力之化合物顯然較不容易誘導副作用,諸如噁心、嘔吐及胃酸分泌增加。
靶定於LPDE4之努力結果導致對第二代PDE4抑制劑諸如西洛米司特(cilomilast)及洛利普南之選擇性略微改良。但即使此等化合物仍未具備對LPDE4之良好選擇性。
具有選擇性LPDE4抑制活性之化合物係揭示於WO2009/018909。
1-苯基-2-吡啶基伸烷基醇類及其用作為PDE4抑制劑之用途也係說明於WO2008/006509。
本發明提供一組具有優異LPDE4選擇性之強力新穎PDE4抑制劑。
出乎意外地發現於苯甲酸根殘基上存在有磺醯胺取代基可顯著改良作用效力強度。
此外,出乎意外地發現本發明之磺醯胺基衍生物,其為(-)對映異構物(參見如下標示以星號之碳原子)比相對應之(+)對映異構物及外消旋物更為強力。
今日發現當本發明化合物組合長效作用β2
-促效劑使用時,可於呼吸道之發炎性或阻塞性疾病的治療上獲得出乎意外的有利療效,特別為協同性增效效果。
本發明係針對用作為磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)酵素抑制劑之呈(-)對映異構物之通式(I)化合物、其製備方法、包含該等化合物之組成物及其治療用途
其中:n為0或1;R1及R2可為相同或相異且係選自於由下列所組成之組群:
-選擇性地經以一個或多個鹵原子取代之線性或分支C1
-C6
烷基;
-OR3其中R3為選擇性地經以一個或多個鹵原子或C3
-C7
環烷基取代之線性或分支C1
-C6
烷基;及
-HNSO2
R4其中R4為選擇性地經以一個或多個鹵原子取代之線性或分支C1
-C4
烷基,其中R1及R2中之至少一者為HNSO2
R4。
本發明也涵蓋其醫藥上可接受之水合物、溶劑合物、加成錯合物、無機鹽類或有機鹽類例如鈉鹽、鉀鹽及離胺酸鹽。
本發明也係針對一種如反應圖1報告之式(I)化合物之製備方法,包含醛(1)與甲基二氯吡啶(2)反應而獲得外消旋醇(3)。然後後者遵照反應圖1之途徑1或途徑2而與對掌酸諸如(S)-那普森(naproxen)或(S)-乙醯杏仁酸縮合而分別獲得非對映異構混合物(10)或(5)。分離成單一非對映異構物分別為(11)及(13)或(6)及(8)係藉層析術、結晶或其它眾所周知之方法進行,於裂解後分別獲得對映異構物醇(-)(12)及(+)(14)或(+)(7)及(-)(9)。最後,經由與適當苯甲酸(15)反應,對映異構物(+)(14)或(+)(7)獲得通式(I)化合物。
本發明亦係關於一種如反應圖1報告之用於製備其中n為0之式(I)化合物之方法,包含任一種對映異構醇例如(+)(14)與苯甲酸(15)反應。
本發明亦係關於一種如反應圖1報告之用於製備其中n為1之式(I)化合物之方法,包含利用氧化劑諸如3-氯過苯甲酸、過乙酸或過氧化氫氧化對映異構醇(+)(14)獲得醇(+)對映異構物(7),其經由與式(15)苯甲酸反應獲得其中n為1之式(I)化合物。
本發明亦係關於一種如反應圖1報告之用於製備其中n為1之式(I)化合物之方法,該包含利用氧化劑諸如3-氯過苯甲酸、過乙酸或過氧化氫氧化其中n為0之式(I)之酯類。
本發明亦係針對通式(II)之中間化合物
其中n係如前文定義及下方標示星號之碳原子顯示(S)組態。
本發明也提供包含式(I)化合物及一種或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑及/或賦形劑之醫藥組成物。
本發明特別提供適合用於藉吸入投藥之醫藥製劑。
本發明也提供式(I)化合物與選自於長效β2
促效劑、M3拮抗劑及皮質類固醇等類別之第二組分之組合物。
本發明也提供式(I)化合物與長效β2
促效劑之組合物,該β2
促效劑係選自於由卡莫特羅(carmoterol)、GSK-642444、印達特羅(indacaterol)、米非特羅(milveterol)、阿福特羅(arformoterol)、服莫特羅(formoterol)、沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、服莫特羅(formoterol)、左旋沙丁胺醇(levalbuterol)、特布他林(terbutaline)、AZD-3199、BI-1744-CL、LAS-100977、班布特羅(bambuterol)、異丙基腎上腺素(isoproterenol)、丙卡特羅(procaterol)、克倫特羅(clenbuterol)、茶丙特羅(reproterol)、菲諾特羅(fenoterol)及ASF-1020所組成之組群。
本發明也提供式(I)化合物與M3拮抗劑之組合物,該M3拮抗劑係選自於由阿地銨(aclidinium)、噻托銨(tiotropium)、異丙托銨(ipratropium)及氧托銨(oxitropium)所組成之組群。
本發明也提供式(I)化合物與皮質類固醇之組合物,該皮質類固醇係選自於由地塞米松(dexamethasone)、氟替卡松(fluticasone)、糠酸氟替卡松(fluticasone furoate)、波尼松龍(prednisolone)、倍地米松(betamethasone)、布地縮松(budesonide)、莫米他松(mometasone)、糠酸莫米他松(mometasone furoate)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、環索奈德(ciclesonide)、TPI-1020、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、二丙酸倍氯米松(beclomethasone dipropionate)、波尼松(prednisone)、地夫可特(deflazacort)、氫皮質酮(hydrocortisone)、QAE-397及氟尼縮松(flunisolide)所組成之組群。
於較佳具體例中,本發明提供式(I)化合物與服莫特羅或卡莫特羅之組合物。
本發明也提供式(I)化合物用作為藥物。
式(I)化合物也提供用於其中暗示PDE4受體活性且期望抑制PDE4受體活性之任何疾病之預防或治療用藥之製備之用途。
本發明也提供一種用於預防或治療其中暗示PDE4受體活性且期望抑制PDE4受體活性之任何疾病之方法,該方法包含對有需要之病人投予治療上有效量之式(I)化合物。
前述用途或方法包含單獨使用式(I)化合物或與前文報告之其它活性成分組合。
其中暗示PDE4受體活性及PDE4受體抑制之前述疾病包含以呼吸道阻塞為特徵之呼吸道疾病諸如氣喘及COPD。
此外,本發明亦係針對式(I)化合物用於PDE4之試管內抑制之用途。
本發明亦係關於一種裝置,該裝置可為包含式(I)化合物之單劑或多劑乾粉吸入器、計量劑量吸入器或軟霧霧化器。
本發明亦係針對一種套件組包含式(I)化合物,其係或為單獨或為與額外醫藥成分組合,混合一種或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑及/或賦形劑之醫藥組成物;及一種裝置其可為單劑或多劑乾粉吸入器、計量劑量吸入器或軟霧霧化器。
如此處使用「鹵原子」一詞包括氟、氯、溴及碘。
如此處使用表示法「線性或分支C1
-Cx
烷基」此處x為大於1之整數,諸如C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C4
烷基係指其中碳原子數係於1至x之範圍(例如1至6或1至4)之直鏈或分支鏈烷基。如此烷基之實例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、第三丁基、戊基、己基等。
選擇性地於該等基團中,一個或多個氫原子可由鹵原子較佳為氯或氟置換。
如此處使用,所示「C3
-C7
環烷基」係指含3至7個環碳原子之環狀非芳香族烴基。如此其實例包含環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基及環庚基。
除非另行載明,否則當述及對掌化合物時,「實質上純質」之純度於此處表示至少大於約97%對掌性純質,較佳大於99%及最佳大於99.9%。
本發明係針對用作為磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)酵素之抑制劑之化合物。
該等化合物可抑制環狀核苷酸,特別為環狀腺苷單磷酸(cAMP)之變換成其無活性5’-單核苷酸形式。
於呼吸道中,環狀核苷酸特別為cAMP之胞內濃度升高之生理反應,結果導致遏止免疫細胞或前發炎細胞諸如肥大細胞、巨噬細胞、T淋巴細胞、嗜伊紅細胞及嗜中性細胞活性的遏止,結果導致發炎媒介物質包括細胞激肽諸如IL-1、IL-3及腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)釋放的減低。其也導致呼吸道平滑肌的鬆弛及水腫的減低。
先前已經識別PDE4之催化位置:主要包含其中存在有兩個小口袋之斥水區例如S0
及S1
,及含有金屬離子Zn2+
及Mg2+
之親水區,其又包含展開環繞該等金屬離子之小口袋S2
及自該斥水口袋中央分支約90度之一小口袋S3
。
大部分已知化合物具有一個可與斥水區之小口袋S0
及S1
交互作用之部分諸如經取代之兒茶酚基;及具有另一個可與S2
小口袋之金屬離子間接交互作用之部分,例如雜環諸如吡啶或吡咯啶酮。
本發明係針對可維持藉該經取代之兒茶酚部分而與小口袋S0
及S1
交互作用,以及藉吡啶環而與金屬離子區維持交互作用之化合物,類似其它已知之PDE4抑制劑,但差異在於存在有磺醯胺-苯甲酸基,該基團允許其與小口袋S3
建立額外交互作用。
特定言之,本發明係關於如前文定義之通式(I)化合物,包括其醫藥上可接受之無機鹽類及有機鹽類、其水合物、溶劑合物或額外錯合物。
較佳式(I)化合物之組群為該等化合物其中:
-R1為HNSO2
R4、R2為OR3及n為0;
-R1為HNSO2
R4、R2為OR3及n為1;
-R1為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基、R2為OR3,其中R3為環丙基甲基及n為0;
-R1為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基、R2為OR3,其中R3為環丙基甲基及n為1;
-R1為線性或分支C1
-C6
烷基、R2為HNSO2
R4及n為0;
-R1為甲基,R2為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基及n為0;
-R1為線性或分支C1
-C6
烷基、R2為HNSO2
R4及n為1;
-R1為甲基,R2為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基及n為1;
-R2為線性或分支C1
-C6
烷基、R1為HNSO2
R4及n為0;
-R2為甲基,R1為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基及n為0;
-R2為線性或分支C1
-C6
烷基、R1為HNSO2
R4及n為1;
-R2為甲基,R1為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基及n為1;
-R1為OR3、R2為HNSO2
R4及n為0;
-R1為OR3、R2為HNSO2
R4及n為1;
-R1為OR3其中R3為環丙基甲基,R2為HNSO2
R4及R4為甲基及n為1;
-R1為OR3、R2為HNSO2
R4及n為1;
-R1及R2皆為HNSO2
R4及n為0;
-R1及R2皆為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基及n為0;
-R1及R2皆為HNSO2
R4及n為1;
-R1及R2皆為HNSO2
R4,其中R4為甲基及n為1。
熟諳技藝人士顯然易知通式(I)化合物至少含有一個非對稱中心,目前係以下方有星號之碳原子表示,因此呈光學立體異構物存在。
本發明係針對式(I)化合物其為於下方以星號表示之該碳原子具有(S)組態之(-)對映異構物。
本發明亦係針對式(II)中間化合物其中下方標示星號之該碳原子顯示(S)組態。
式(I)化合物顯示於nM範圍之對PDE4酵素之試管內抑制活性,及其於COPD之動物研究模型中,當於氣管內投藥時,對肺臟賦與顯著活性。
其於肺臟也具有持續肺濃度,於血漿中未測得,此乃系統性作用時間短的指標。
根據較佳具體例,本發明提供下列報告之式(I)化合物:
前述化合物已經方便地標示為(-)對映異構物,但標記星號之碳原子可具有(S)組態。如此,該等化合物也可依據下表標示:
較佳本發明化合物係以如經由其IC50
值之測定已知,對LPDE4之選擇性係高於對HPDE4之選擇性為其特徵。
以LPDE4為例,IC50
為如Cortijo J et al Br J Pharmacol 1993,108:562-568所述評估,試驗化合物產生50% cAMP消失抑制作用之莫耳濃度。取而代之,以HPDE4為例,IC50
為如Duplantier AJ et al J Med Chem 1996;39:120-125所述評估,試驗化合物產生50%[H3
]rolipram結合抑制作用之莫耳濃度。
較佳,本發明化合物之HPDE4/LPDE4 IC50
比係高於5,更佳係高於10,又更佳係高於20及最佳係高於100。
式(I)化合物可以習知方式根據已知方法製備。若干有用之方法說明如下及報告於反應圖1。
根據本發明之特定具體例,例如遵照反應圖1所述合成途徑可製備式(I)化合物。
外消旋醇(3)可經由醛(1)與甲基二氯吡啶(2)反應製備。
途徑1-藉已知方法諸如經由外消旋混合物與適當對掌輔劑反應,如此獲得非對映異構物之混合物,外消旋醇(3)可分離成(-)(12)對映異構物及(+)(14)對映異構物。此等非對映異構物可根據已知方法藉結晶化或藉層析術或利用酶分離。隨後,對掌輔劑可自非對映異構物中移除而獲得呈單一對映異構物之期望的對掌醇。另外,根據已知方法,醇外消旋混合物可使用對掌靜相利用層析術進行光學分割(參考:「對映異構物分離:基礎與實用方法(Enantiomer Separation:Fundamentals and Practical Methods)」F. Toda,Springer-Verlag 2004;「藥物立體化學:分析方法與藥理學(Drug Stereochemistry:Analytical Methods and Pharmacology)」,Irving W. Wainer,CRC Press,1993)。
特定言之,外消旋醇(3)可與對掌酸諸如(S)-那普森縮合,及所得非對映異構物混合物(10)可藉層析術分離成兩種單一非對映異構物(11)及(13)。於使用酸性條件或鹼性條件藉於水性溶劑中水解,或藉於醇性溶劑中醇解而裂解單一非對映異構酯類後,可獲得非對映異構純質醇中間產物(-)(12)及(+)(14)。
途徑2-經由根據習知方法進行而藉外消旋物(3)之氧化獲得之外消旋物(4)可與對掌酸諸如(S)-乙醯杏仁酸反應,如此獲得兩種非對映異構物之混合物(5)。經由與乙醚濕磨及於溶劑諸如異丙醇、乙醇或甲醇結晶化,或藉層析術分離,可獲得單一非對映異構酯(6)及(8)。
於使用酸性條件或鹼性條件藉於水性溶劑中水解,或藉於醇性溶劑中醇解而裂解單一非對映異構酯類後,可獲得非對映異構純質醇中間產物(+)(7)及(-)(9)。
通式(I)化合物其中n為0之製備方式可經由於適當強鹼諸如二異丙醯胺鋰(LDA)、NaH或二甲基胺吡啶(DMAP)存在下,且於縮合劑諸如1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基胺丙基]甲二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC)或N-羥苯并三唑(HOBT)存在下,於溶劑諸如二氯甲烷,允許適當對映異構醇(+)(14)與苯甲酸(15)反應而製備。可使用其它溶劑諸如二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、四氫呋喃(THF)、氯仿、二或任何其它熟諳技藝人士已知之質子惰性溶劑。於特定具體例中,反應也可於無溶劑存在下進行。
式(I)化合物其中n為1之製備方式,可利用氧化劑諸如3-氯過苯甲酸、過乙酸或過氧化氫於溶劑諸如氯仿、二氯甲烷或乙酸,氧化其中n為0之相對應的式(I)化合物而製備(途徑B)。
另外,式(I)化合物其中n為1之製備方式也可利用前述操作條件首先氧化醇對映異構物(+)(14),如此獲得醇對映異構物(+)(7)。隨後允許該給定之醇對映異構物與式(15)苯甲酸反應,如此獲得其中n為0之前述式(I)化合物(途徑A)。
經由外消旋醇(3)之氧化獲得外消旋醇(4),(+)(7)及(-)(9)對映異構物自外消旋醇(4)之分離可如前文對外消旋醇(3)之對映異構物之分離之說明,藉已知方法進行。
熟諳技藝人士須了解反應圖1中報告之對合成步驟之選擇性變化也可應用至本發明化合物之製備。
發明人特別述及可實施因而獲得期望化合物或其中間產物之各項反應順序,以及適用至操作條件的選擇,包括溶劑、選擇性使用之氧化劑、縮合劑等。
舉例言之,當化學反應性取代基存在於任何起始物料或其中間產物而可能引發非期望之副反應之情況下,於反應進行前可進行該等取代基之適當保護。
同理,隨後可進行脫保護,因此再度獲得呈自由態形式之前述化學反應性取代基或基團。
官能基之保護及脫保護係說明於「有機化學保護基(Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry)」第三版,T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts,Wiley-Interscience(1999)及「保護基(Protecting Groups)」,P.J. Kocienski,Georg Thieme Verlag(1994)。
根據用於製備本發明化合物之方法及其變化方法,式(1)及(2)起始物料以及所採用之任何額外反應物[(例如式(15))]化合物、對掌輔劑、溶劑或反應劑為已知或可根據已知方法容易地製備。
本發明也提供式(I)化合物混合一種或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑之醫藥組成物,例如於雷明頓氏醫藥科學手冊(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences Handbook),XVII Ed.,Mack Pub.,N.Y.,U.S.A.所述者。
其實例包括稀釋劑(諸如蔗糖、甘露糖醇、乳糖、澱粉類)及已知之賦形劑,包括懸浮劑、增溶劑、緩衝劑、黏結劑、崩散劑、保藏劑、色料、香料、潤滑劑等。定時釋放膠囊劑、錠劑及凝膠劑用於投予本發明化合物亦屬優異。
本發明化合物之投予可根據病人需求達成,例如經口、經鼻、經腸道外例如經皮下、經靜脈、經肌肉、經胸內及藉輸注、藉吸入、經直腸、經陰道、區域、局部、經皮、及藉眼內投藥。多種固體口服劑型可用於投予本發明化合物,包括諸如錠劑、軟膠囊劑、膠囊劑、橢圓藥片、粒劑、口含錠及散裝散劑等固體劑型。
多種液體口服劑型也可用於投予本發明化合物,包括水性及非水性溶液劑、乳液劑、懸浮液劑、糖漿劑、及酏劑。此等劑型也含有已知之適當惰性稀釋劑諸如水及已知之適當賦形劑諸如保藏劑、濕潤劑、甜味劑、香料、以及用於乳化及/或懸浮本發明化合物之化學劑。本發明化合物例如可呈等張無菌溶液劑型經靜脈注射。其它已知製劑亦屬可能。
用於經直腸投予本發明化合物之栓劑可經由混合該化合物與適當賦形劑諸如可可脂、水楊酸酯類及聚乙二醇類而製備。
經陰道投藥用之調配物可呈乳膏劑、膠漿劑、糊劑、發泡劑、或噴霧劑配方等劑型,其中除了活性成分外含有習知載劑。
用於局部投藥,醫藥組成物可呈適合投予皮膚、眼、耳或鼻之乳膏劑、軟膏劑、硬膏劑、洗劑、乳液劑、懸浮液劑、膠漿劑、溶液劑、糊劑、散劑、噴霧劑、及滴劑等劑型。局部投予也涉及例如利用經皮貼片而經皮投予。
用於呼吸道疾病之治療,本發明化合物較佳係藉吸入投予。
吸入製劑包括吸入散劑、含計量式噴霧劑或不含推進劑之吸入型調配劑。
用於呈乾粉投予,可利用已知之單劑吸入器或多劑吸入器。該種情況下,散劑可填充於明膠膠囊、塑性膠囊或其它膠囊、卡匣或膜泡包裝或貯器內。
稀釋劑或載劑通常對本發明化合物呈化學惰性例如乳糖或任何其它添加劑適合用於改良可呼吸分量者可添加至本發明之粉狀化合物。
含噴霧劑氣體諸如氫氟烷之吸入性噴霧劑可含有呈溶液形式或分散形式之本發明化合物。藉推進劑驅動之調配物也可含有其它成分諸如助溶劑、安定劑及選擇性之其它賦形劑。
包含本發明化合物之不含推進劑之吸入型調配物可呈於水性介質、醇性介質或水醇性介質之溶液劑或懸浮液劑劑型,該等劑型可藉已知之噴射霧化器或超音波霧化器或藉軟霧霧化器諸如遞送。
本發明化合物可呈單一活性劑投予,或可組合一種或多種其它醫藥上活性成分投予,該等活性成分包括目前用於治療呼吸道病症者,例如β2
-促效劑、皮質類固醇及M3拮抗劑。
本發明化合物之劑量可取決於多項因素,包括欲治療之特定疾病、症狀嚴重程度、投藥途徑、劑量間隔頻次、所使用之特定化合物、該化合物之功效、毒物學資料、及藥力學資料。
優異地,式(I)化合物例如可以0.001至1000毫克/日,較佳0.1至500毫克/日之劑量投予。
當藉吸入途徑投予時,式(I)化合物之劑量優異地為0.01至20毫克/日,較佳0.1至10毫克/日之範圍。
較佳,單獨式(I)化合物或組合其它活性成分可投予用於任何阻塞性呼吸道疾病諸如氣喘、慢性支氣管炎及慢性阻塞性肺疾(COPD)之預防及/或治療。
但可投予式(I)化合物用於下述任何疾病之預防及/或治療,其中暗示PDE4受體活性且期望抑制PDE4受體活性,或由PDE4活性所媒介之疾病狀態(例如其中PDE4為過度表現或過度活化之疾病狀態)。此等疾病之實例包括:過敏性疾病狀態諸如異位性皮膚炎、蕁麻疹、過敏性鼻炎、過敏性結膜炎、春季結膜炎、嗜伊紅性肉芽腫、乾癬、發炎性關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、敗血性休克、潰瘍性大腸炎、克隆氏症、心肌及腦之再灌流傷害、慢性腎絲球體腎炎、內毒性休克、囊性纖維化、動脈再狹窄、動脈粥狀硬化、角化症、類風濕性脊椎炎、骨關節炎、發燒、糖尿病、塵肺症、毒性及過敏性接觸性濕疹、異位性濕疹、脂漏性濕疹、單純苔癬、曬傷、會陰部搔癢、簇狀禿髮、肥厚性瘢痕、盤狀紅斑性狼瘡、系統性紅斑性狼瘡、濾泡性及廣域性膿皮病、內生性及外生性痙瘡、酒渣鼻、貝歇特氏病、類過敏性紫瘢、腎炎、發炎性腸病、白血病、多發性硬化症、胃腸病、自體免疫病等。
也包括神經及精神病症諸如阿茲海默氏病、多發性硬化症、肌萎縮性脊側索硬化(ALS)、多重系統萎縮(MSA)、精神分裂症、巴金森氏病、杭丁頓氏病、皮克氏病、憂鬱症、中風、及脊索損傷。
現在將藉下列實施例進一步說明本發明。
1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙醇(3)之製備
3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苄醛(5.00克)及3,5-二氯-4-甲基吡啶(2.57克)於50毫升無水THF之溶液冷卻至-30℃。
分成數份添加固體第三丁氧化鉀(tBuOK,1.96克)且維持溫度於-30℃至-20℃,如此獲得深紅色溶液。於添加完成後,混合物於-30℃維持1小時。然後添加氯化銨飽和溶液(50毫升)至該反應混合物,維持於-5℃至-10℃之溫度。反應混合物之色彩轉為黃色。
然後以乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑。殘餘物以30毫升石油醚/乙酸乙酯=8/2之混合物處理;沈澱經過濾及乾燥,獲得4.83克標題化合物,其未經進一步純化即用於次一步驟。
MS/ESI+
404-406[MH]+
。
1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙醇(4)之製備
化合物(3)(13.0克)溶解於二氯甲烷(250毫升)然後添加間氯過苯甲酸(16.5克),所得溶液於室溫攪拌2小時。添加Na2
S2
O3
(25.4克)及混合物於室溫激烈攪拌1小時。固體殘餘物經過濾去除,溶液以1 N NaOH(3×100毫升)洗滌然後有機相以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑獲得10.3克期望產物(4)呈白色固體,其未經進一步純化即用於次一步驟。
MS/ESI+
420-422[MH]+
。
乙醯氧-苯基-乙酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(5,非對映異構物之混合物)之製備
化合物(4)(19.95克)、(S)-乙醯杏仁酸(9.22克)、1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基胺丙基]甲二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(18克)及4-二甲基胺吡啶(2.89克)於氮氣環境下溶解於無水二氯甲烷(300毫升)。反應混合物於室溫攪拌隔夜。添加5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(200毫升)及水相以二氯甲烷(3×100毫升)萃取。組合有機相以硫酸鈉脫水及於減壓下去除溶劑獲得標題化合物(5)呈兩種非對映異構物之混合物(32克);該等兩種非對映異構物之分離係說明於實施例4及實施例6。
(+)-乙醯氧-苯基-乙酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(6)之製備
粗產物非對映異構物混合物(5)(32克)使用乙醚(100毫升)濕磨,經超音波振盪處理及過濾。重複該程序四次俾獲得富含非對映異構物(6)之固體混合物。此固體自異丙醇(80毫升)結晶及過濾獲得9.65克化合物(6)。非對映異構純度大於95%。非對映異構純度係藉HPLC分析測定及藉於Chiracel OD管柱上進行之分析性對掌HPLC測定(使用己烷:異丙醇40:60之等梯度洗提,流速0.45毫升/分鐘,滯留時間=27.2分鐘)。
MS/ESI+
596,598[MH]+
'1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6) ppm 8.57(s,2 H),7.27-7.44(m,5 H),6.91-7.18(m,1 H),7.03(t,1 H),6.71-6.79(m,2 H),5.95(dd,1 H),5.85(s,1 H),3.72(dd,1 H),3.60(dd,1 H),3.41(dd,1 H),3.23(dd,1 H),2.13(s,3 H),1.07-1.31(m,1 H),0.48-0.72(m,2 H),0.21-0.44(m,2 H)
[α]D
=+14°(c=0.54,MeOH)
(+)-1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙醇(7)之製備
化合物(6)(6.42克)懸浮於甲醇(350毫升)然後添加碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液(175毫升)。白色懸浮液於室溫激烈攪拌隔夜。反應混合物以二氯甲烷(700毫升)稀釋及以5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(300毫升)洗滌;水相以二氯甲烷(2×300毫升)萃取,組合有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及於減壓下蒸發去除溶劑。所得粗產物白色固體使用乙醚(2×100毫升)濕磨及過濾,獲得3.88克化合物(7)具對映異構純度大於99%。對映異構純度係於Chiracel OD管柱進行之分析性對掌HPLC測定(使用己烷:異丙醇30:70進行等梯度洗提,流速0.35毫升/分鐘,滯留時間=22.3分鐘)。
MS/ESI+
420-422[MH]+
'1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6) ppm 8.51(s,2 H),7.11(d,1 H),7.05(d,1 H),6.88(dd,1 H),7.01(t,1 H),5.59(d,1 H),4.84(dd,1 H),3.89(dd,1 H),3.84(dd,1 H),3.18(dd,1 H),3.02(dd,1 H),1.03-1.35(m,1 H),0.46-0.67(m,2 H),0.24-0.46(m,2 H)
[α]D
=+68°(c=0.5,MeOH)
(+)-乙醯氧-苯基-乙酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(8)之製備
粗產物非對映異構混合物(5)以乙醚(100毫升)濕磨,經超音波振盪處理及過濾。該程序重複四次,及濾液經收集且於減壓下蒸發獲得富含非對映異構物(8)之固體混合物,其自異丙醇(100毫升)中結晶獲得6.4克化合物(8)呈白色固體,具非對映異構純度大於99%。非對映異構純度係藉HPLC分析測定及藉於Chiracel OD管柱上進行之分析性對掌HPLC測定(使用己烷:異丙醇40:60之等梯度洗提,流速0.45毫升/分鐘,滯留時間=21.6分鐘)。
MS/ESI+
596,598[MH]+
1
H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6) ppm 8.27(s,2 H),7.27-7.45(m,5 H),7.20(d,1 H),7.08(d,1 H),7.00(dd,1 H),7.08(t,1 H),5.97(dd,1 H),5.85(s,1 H),3.93(dd,1 H),3.89(dd,1 H),3.33(dd,1 H),3.17(dd,1 H),2.07(s,3 H),1.14-1.38(m,1 H),0.50-0.71(m,2 H),0.21-0.47(m,2 H)[α]D
=+26°(c=0.55,MeOH)
(-)-1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙醇(9)之製備
化合物(8)(1.18克)懸浮於甲醇(50毫升)然後添加碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液(25毫升)。白色懸浮液於室溫激烈攪拌24小時。反應混合物以二氯甲烷(700毫升)稀釋及然後添加5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(300毫升)及分離各相。水相以二氯甲烷(2×100毫升)萃取,組合有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及於減壓下蒸發去除溶劑。所得粗產物白色固體以乙醚(50毫升)濕磨兩次及以二氯甲烷(20毫升)濕磨一次,然後經過濾獲得0.74克化合物(7)具對映異構純度大於99%。對映異構純度係於Chiracel OD管柱進行之分析性對掌HPLC測定(使用己烷:異丙醇30:70進行等梯度洗提,流速0.35毫升/分鐘,滯留時間=24.0分鐘)。
MS/ESI+
420-422[MH]+
'1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6) ppm 8.51(s,2 H),7.11(d,1 H),7.05(d,1 H),6.88(dd,1 H),7.01(t,1 H),5.59(d,1 H),4.84(dt,1 H),3.89(dd,1 H),3.84(dd,1 H),3.18(dd,1 H),3.02(dd,1 H),1.08-1.32(m,1 H),0.47-0.66(m,2 H),0.26-0.45(m,2 H)[α]D
=-61°(c=0.5,MeOH)
2-(6-甲氧-萘-2-基)-丙酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(10,非對映異構物11與13之混合物)
化合物(3)(12.0克)溶解於DMF(100毫升)然後添加(S)-2-(6-甲氧-萘-2-基)-丙酸(7.5克),4-二甲基胺吡啶(3.6克)及1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基胺丙基]甲二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(5.7克)。於室溫攪拌4小時後,添加水(1000毫升)。混合物以乙酸乙酯(500毫升×2)萃取,組合有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及於減壓下蒸發去除溶劑獲得17.0克油,油自乙醇結晶化如此獲得11.5克標題化合物呈非對映異構物(11)與(13)之混合物。
1
H NMR(200 MHz,CDCl3
) ppm 8.43及8.60(2s,各1H,2H),7.51-7.68(m,3H),7.10-7.23(m,3H),6.85-6.97(m,2H),6.51-6.68(m,1H),6.22-6.97(t,1H,CHF2
),6.00-6.13(m,1H),3.93-3.95(s,3H,OCH3
),3.72-3.84(m,2H),3.07-3.57(m,3H),1.42-1.45(d,3H,CH3
),0.94-1.25(m,1H),0.51-0.67(m,2H),0.12-0.36(m,2H).
MS/ESI+
616,618[MH]+
(+)-2-(6-甲氧-萘-2-基)-丙酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(第二洗提出之非對映異構物)(13)
使用Daisogel 10微米,50×300毫米管柱;洗提劑:正己烷/甲基-第三丁基醚/異丙醇:90/9.9/0.1;流速:80毫升/分鐘;載荷量:每次注入300毫克;洗提時間:自11分鐘至20分鐘,藉HPLC分離而自實施例8之非對映異構混合物中分離化合物。收集得之洗提分經蒸發及殘餘物自正己烷/異丙醇結晶。
1
H NMR(200 MHz,CDCl3
) ppm 8.60(s,2H),7.68-7.75(m,2H),7.58-7.59(m,1H),7.27-7.29(d,1H),7.12-7.24(m,2H),6.98-7.04(m,1H),6.73-6.78(dd,1H),6.67-6.68(d,1H),6.60-7.35(t,1H,CHF2
),5.99-6.06(m,1H),3.84-3.87(m,4H),3.47-3.55(m,2H),3.32-3.41(dd,1H),3.22-3.29(m,1H),1.33-1.37(d,3H,CH3
),0.96-1.03(m,1H),0.43-0.52(m,2H),0.13-0.21(m,2H).
MS/ESI+
616,618[MH]+
[α]D
=+52.8°(c=0.5,MeOH)
(+)-2-(6-甲氧-萘-2-基)-丙酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(第一洗提出之非對映異構物)(11)
使用Daisogel 10微米,50×300毫米管柱;洗提劑:正己烷/甲基-第三丁基醚/異丙醇:90/9.9/0.1;流速:80毫升/分鐘;載荷量:每次注入300毫克;洗提時間:自7分鐘至10分鐘,藉HPLC分離而自實施例8之非對映異構混合物中分離化合物。收集得之洗提分經蒸發及殘餘物自正己烷/異丙醇結晶。
1
H NMR(200 MHz,CDCl3
) ppm 8.27(s,2H),7.64-7.80(m,2H),7.56-7.57(m,1H),7.28-7.29(d,1H),7.14-7.20(m,3H),6.68-7.42(t,1H,CHF2
),6.93-6.98(m,2H),6.00-6.07(m,1H),3.88-3.92(m,4H),3.71-3.84(m,2H),3.39-3.51(dd,1H),3.16-3.25(dd,1H),1.33-1.37(d,3H,CH3
),1.08-1.23(m,1H),0.50-0.59(m,2H),0.34-0.26(m,2H).
MS/ESI+
616,618[MH]+
[α]D
=+45°(c=0.5,MeOH)
(+)-1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙醇(14)
於(+)-2-(6-甲氧-萘-2-基)-丙酸-1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙酯(13)(14.0克)於甲醇(110毫升)之懸浮液內添加第三丁氧化鉀(5.1克)。所得混合物於室溫攪拌2小時,獲得澄清溶液。於攪拌下徐緩加水至接受者沈澱(混濁溶液)。
又攪拌60分鐘後,沈澱之固體經過濾出,以水洗滌及溶解於氯仿(100毫升)。溶液以硫酸鈉脫水及於減壓下去除溶劑。殘餘物於氯仿/己烷=1/2.5結晶化獲得8.1克白色固體。
1
H NMR(200 MHz,CDCl3
) ppmδ8.45(s,2H),7.19-7.08(d,1H),7.06-7.00(d,1H),6.95-6.85(dd,1H),6.99-6.24(t,1H,CHF2
),5.18-5.00(m,1H),3.98-3.78(m,2H),3.54-3.35(m,1H),3.31-3.15(m,1H),2.04-1.94(d,1H,OH),1.40-1.14(m,1H),0.75-0.53(m,2H),0.50-0.29(m,2H).
MS/ESI+
404,406[MH]+
.
[α]D
=+9.35°(c=1,CHCl3
).
(-)-1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙醇(12)
始於非對映異構物(11),遵照實施例10之程序,獲得醇(12)。
MS/ESI+
404,406[MH]+
.
[α]D
=-9.15°(c=1,CHCl3
).
經由醇(14)之氧化製備醇(7)
化合物(14)(3.0克)溶解於二氯甲烷(100毫升)。添加70%間氯過苯甲酸(5.4克)及所得溶液於室溫攪拌18小時。然後添加固體Na2
S2
O3
(5克)及混合物於室溫激烈攪拌30分鐘。固體殘餘物經過濾出;有機溶液以額外100毫升二氯甲烷稀釋及以水性飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(3×100毫升)洗滌。有機相以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑。殘餘物於乙酸乙酯(20毫升)濕磨獲得1.9克期望產物7呈白色固體,其未經進一步純化即用於次一步驟。
1
H NMR(200 MHz,CDCl3
) ppm 8.14(s,2H),7.18-7.09(d,1H),7.07-7.02(d,1H),6.92-6.83(dd,1H),7.01-6.22(t,1H,CHF2
),5.10-4.96(m,1H),3.96-3.84(d,2H),3.45-3.29(m,1H),3.23-3.07(m,1H),3.24-3.17(d,1H,OH),1.41-1.67(m,1H),0.75-0.53(m,2H),0.50-0.29(m,2H).
MS/ESI+
420,422[MH]+
[α]D
=+65.0°(c=0.5,MeOH)
經由醇(12)之氧化製備醇(9)
使用醇(12)替代醇(14)作為起始物料,遵照實施例13所述程序可獲得醇(9)。
MS/ESI+
420,422[MH]+
[α]D
=-60.6°(c=0.5,MeOH)
(-)-3-環丙基甲氧-4-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯(C1)之製備
步驟1:3-環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯
1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基胺丙基]甲二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(2.85克)於室溫於氮氣環境下添加至醇(14)(2.0克),4-二甲基胺吡啶(0.3克),3-環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺苯甲酸(2.0克)於無水二氯甲烷(180毫升)之溶液。
於室溫攪拌隔夜後,混合物以5%水性鹽酸(2×100毫升)洗滌;有機相經分離及以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(2×100毫升)洗滌,以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發至乾。粗產物於二氧化矽凝膠以梯度洗提(己烷/乙酸乙酯10/1至6/4)藉急速層析術純化獲得1.4克標題化合物。
步驟2:C1之製備
3-環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯(1.4克)溶解於二氯甲烷(140毫升)。添加4 M鹽酸於二之溶液(40毫升)及所得混合物於室溫攪拌24小時。然後反應混合物蒸發至乾,殘餘物於異丙醇(50毫升)濕磨,及隨後於乙醇(50毫升)接著藉乙醚(70毫升)濕磨獲得0.880克化合物(C1)。
C1之分析特徵報告於表1。
同理,可製備下列化合物:(-)-4-環丙基甲氧-3-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯,(-)-3,4-貳-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯,(-)-3-甲磺醯胺-4-甲基-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯,及(-)-4-環丙基甲氧-3-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯
(-)-3-環丙基甲氧-4-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯(C2)之製備
始於醇中間產物(7),根據實施例15之相同合成程序製備化合物(C2)。另外,可如下實施例17所述始於化合物(C1)製備化合物(C2)。
始於化合物(C1)之(-)-3-環丙基甲氧-4-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-1-氧-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯(C2)之製備
化合物(C1)(0.69克)溶解於二氯甲烷(20毫升)。添加70%間氯過苯甲酸(0.355克),及所得溶液於室溫攪拌18小時。然後添加固體Na2
S2
O3
(0.244克)及混合物於室溫激烈攪拌30分鐘。固體殘餘物經過濾出,有機溶液以額外20毫升二氯甲烷稀釋及以水性飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(3×20毫升)洗滌。有機相以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑。殘餘物於乙醇(20毫升)濕磨獲得0.710克期望化合物(C2)呈白色固體。
下列化合物係遵照相同程序使用適當反應劑製備:
期望的終產物化合物合成中採用的羧酸中間產物為市面上可得或為已知或可根據已知方法合成。
3-環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺-苯甲酸之合成
步驟1:3-羥-4-硝-苯甲酸甲酯
3-羥-4-硝-苯甲酸(10克)溶解於甲醇(500毫升)。添加96%鹽酸(2毫升)及混合物加熱至60℃歷18小時。反應混合物濃縮至約200毫升,以乙酸乙酯(200毫升)稀釋及以水性飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(2×20毫升)洗滌。有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及溶劑經蒸發去除獲得10.5克期望之中間產物。
步驟2:3-環丙基甲氧-4-硝-苯甲酸甲酯
3-羥-4-硝-苯甲酸甲酯(10.5克)於氮氣環境下溶解於無水DMF(150毫升)。添加K2
CO3
(24.3克)、KI(2.6克)及環丙基甲基溴(10.3毫升),混合物於50℃攪拌6小時。反應混合物以水(300毫升)稀釋及以乙醚(2×200毫升)萃取;組合有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑獲得12.7克期望的中間產物。
步驟3:4-胺-3-環丙基甲氧-苯甲酸甲酯
3-環丙基甲氧-4-硝-苯甲酸甲酯(12.7克)溶解於甲醇(100毫升)及乙酸乙酯(100毫升);添加10% Pd/C(1.0克,懸浮於20毫升水),混合物於巴爾(Parr)裝置(H2
:20 psi)內氫化5小時。添加37%鹽酸(10毫升)及又持續氫化2小時獲得完全轉換。催化劑通過矽藻土襯墊過濾,混合物以乙酸乙酯(200毫升)稀釋及以水性飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(2×100毫升)洗滌。有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑獲得10.7克期望的中間產物。
步驟4:3-環丙基甲氧-4-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸甲酯
3-(環丙基甲氧)-4-胺苯甲酸甲酯(8.86克)於室溫於氮氣環境下溶解於吡啶(80毫升)。添加甲磺醯氯(4.04毫升)及混合物於室溫攪拌18小時。反應混合物經蒸發至乾,粗產物以1 N鹽酸(500毫升)處理及以二氯甲烷(3×200毫升)萃取。有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑獲得11.7克期望的中間產物。
MS/ESI+
300[MH]+
。
步驟5:3-環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺-苯甲酸甲酯
3-環丙基甲氧-4-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸甲酯(3.0克)溶解於二氯甲烷(150毫升)。添加二甲基胺吡啶(DMAP,1.22克)及Boc2
O(2.18克)及混合物於室溫攪拌1小時。反應混合物以5%水性鹽酸(2×50毫升)洗滌,有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑。殘餘物於乙醚濕磨及過濾獲得4.0克期望的中間產物,其未經進一步純化即用於次一步驟。
步驟6:3-環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺-苯甲酸
環丙基甲氧-4-(N-第三-丁氧羰基-N-甲磺醯基)-胺-苯甲酸甲酯(4.0克)溶解於甲醇(100毫升)。添加1 N氫氧化鈉(15毫升)及所得混合物於室溫攪拌1小時,然後於50℃加熱2小時。然後反應混合物以乙酸乙酯(250毫升)稀釋及以1 N鹽酸(2×100毫升)洗滌。有機層以硫酸鈉脫水及蒸發去除溶劑獲得3.5克期望的酸衍生物。
MS/ESI+
386[MH]+
。
*NMR
s=單峰
d=雙峰
t=三峰
q=四峰
dd=雙重雙峰
m=多峰
br=寬
ESI=電噴灑
本發明化合物之藥理活性
於周邊血液單核細胞(PBMCs)檢定分析中PDE4抑制活性之試管內測定
基於PDE4抑制劑對周邊血液單核細胞(PBMCs)中脂多醣(LPS)-誘導腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)釋放所產生之已知之抑制活性之本檢定分析係根據前述方法進行(Hatzelmann A et al J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001;297:267-279;Draheim R et al J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2004;308:555-563.)。
低溫保藏的人PBMCs(100微升/孔)於有或無(50微升)試驗化合物其濃度係於自10-12
M至10-6
M之範圍存在下,於96孔孔板(105
細胞/孔)培養30分鐘。隨後添加LPS(3奈克/毫升)。
於濕化培養器內於95%空氣及5%二氧化碳環境下於37℃培養18小時後,收集培養基及藉ELISA測定TNF-α。
有關化合物C1至C6之結果,係以可產生LPS-誘導TNF-α釋放之50%抑制作用之試驗化合物之莫耳濃度(IC50
)之平均值±95%信度表示,為0.06 nM至4.4 nM。試驗化合物之效果係以TNF-α釋放之抑制百分比計算,假設於無抑制劑化合物存在下LPS-誘導TNF-α之製造作為100%及於無LPS存在下PBMCs之基礎TNF-α製造作為0%。
抑制低度親和力LPDE4之能力相對於競爭高度親和力HPDE4之能力之評估。
對LPDE4及HPDE4之親和力分別係如先前於Cortijo J et al Br J Pharmacol 1993,108:562-568及Duplantier AJ et al J Med Chem 1996;39:120-125中之說明評估。
試驗化合物之濃度係於10-12
M至10-5
M之範圍。於化合物C1至C6試驗對LPDE4及HPDE4之親和力值為82至477。
於LPDE4之情況下,IC50
為產生cAMP消失之50%抑制作用之試驗化合物之莫耳濃度;而於HPDE4之情況下,IC50
為產生[H3
] rolipram結合之50%抑制作用之試驗化合物之莫耳濃度。
結果指示本發明化合物可以次奈莫耳親和力抑制LPDE4且對LPDE4比較HPDE4具顯著更高選擇性。
卡莫特羅/C1之固定劑量組合物對天竺鼠氣管中碳醯膽鹼誘導收縮之協同增效活性。
自雄性經卵白蛋白(OA)敏化之天竺鼠取得鋸齒形支氣管節段,自一根支氣管獲得兩個製備品。各個製備品置於填充以氧合(O2
95%及CO2
5%)當量克亨氏(Krebs-Henseleit)溶液且維持於37℃之20毫升器官浴內。氣管製備品於1 g靜止張力下連結至等角力變換器。於60分鐘之平衡週期後,氣管製備品分別使用C1(10-7
M)、卡莫特羅(3*10-10
M)、C1與卡莫特羅之組合物或載媒劑前處理30分鐘,接著為累進投予卵白蛋白OA(10-10
-10-5
克/毫升)。於卵白蛋白投予結束時,添加最高濃度碳醯膽鹼(10-5
M)獲得各個製備品之最大收縮。效果係以碳醯膽鹼誘導最大反應(100%)之百分比值表示。
以C1(10-7
M) 30分鐘前處理製備品造成卵白蛋白誘導收縮之抑制作用為23%。同理,藉卡莫特羅(3*10-10
M)產生之抑制效果為18%。
C1(10-7
M)與卡莫特羅(3*10-10
M)組合物造成卵白蛋白誘導收縮減低93%。
本研究顯示卡莫特羅及C1二者用於天竺鼠呼吸道拮抗碳醯膽鹼誘導收縮作用之效果強力。此外與其具有互補的分子作用機轉符合一致,於功能性促效-拮抗作用框內,固定的組合物用於天竺鼠氣管之膽鹼激性收縮作用的控制方面顯示協同性增效效果。
圖1係顯示本發明之較佳具體例存在有協同性增效作用。
OA=卵白蛋白
C1=3-環丙基甲氧-4-甲磺醯胺-苯甲酸1-(3-環丙基甲氧-4-二氟甲氧-苯基)-2-(3,5-二氯-吡啶-4-基)-乙基酯
CARM=卡莫特羅
Claims (18)
- 一種呈(-)對映異構物之通式(I)化合物,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1為HNSO2 R4,其中R4為甲基,R2為OR3,其中R3為環丙基甲基及n為0。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1為HNSO2 R4,其中R4為甲基,R2為OR3,其中R3為環丙基甲基及n為1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1為OR3,R2為HNSO2 R4,其中R4為甲基及n為1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1為甲基,R2為HNSO2 R4,其中R4為甲基及n為1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1及R2皆為HNSO2 R4,其中R4為甲基及n為0。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R1及R2皆為HNSO2 R4,其中R4為甲基及n為1。
- 一種用於製備申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所定義化合物之方法,包含下述步驟,使醛(1)
- 一種通式(II)化合物
- 一種申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之式(I)化合物與選自於β2促效劑、M3拮抗劑及皮質類固醇等類別之第二醫藥活性組分之組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之組合物,其中,該第二活性組分為服莫特羅(formoterol)或卡莫特羅(carmoterol)。
- 一種醫藥組成物,包含申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之式(I)化合物,或申請專利範圍第10或11項之組合物,及一種或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑及/或賦形劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之式(I)化合物,其係用作為藥物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之式(I)化合物,其係用於預防及/或治療以呼吸道阻塞為特徵之呼吸道疾病,諸如氣喘及慢性阻塞性肺疾(COPD)。
- 一種裝置,包含申請專利範圍第12項之醫藥組成物。
- 一種套件組,包含申請專利範圍第12項之醫藥組成物及一裝置,該裝置可為單劑或多劑乾粉吸入器、計量劑量吸入劑或軟霧霧化器。
- 一種申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製造預防及/或治療過敏性鼻炎之藥物。
- 一種申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製造預防及/或治療異位性皮膚炎之藥物。
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EP2022783A1 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-11 | CHIESI FARMACEUTICI S.p.A. | "Derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols as phosphodiesterase inhibitors" |
EP2216327A1 (en) | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-11 | CHIESI FARMACEUTICI S.p.A. | Benzoic acid (1-phenyl-2-pyridin-4-yl)ethyl esters as phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
RS57061B1 (sr) * | 2010-08-03 | 2018-06-29 | Chiesi Farm Spa | Formulacija suvog praha koja uključuje inhibitor fosfodiesteraze |
EP3143987A1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2017-03-22 | CHIESI FARMACEUTICI S.p.A. | Pharmaceutical formulation comprising a phosphodiesterase inhibitor |
CN106946848B (zh) | 2011-06-06 | 2022-01-04 | 奇斯药制品公司 | 作为磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的1-苯基-2-吡啶基烷基醇的衍生物 |
WO2013045280A1 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2013-04-04 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols as phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
EP2768822B1 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2017-12-06 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. | Derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols as phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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RU2015121037A (ru) * | 2012-12-05 | 2017-01-11 | КЬЕЗИ ФАРМАЧЕУТИЧИ С.п.А. | Производные фенилэтилпиридина в качестве ингибиторов pde-4 |
WO2014086865A1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-12 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohol derivatives as phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
RU2015121043A (ru) | 2012-12-05 | 2017-01-11 | КЬЕЗИ ФАРМАЧЕУТИЧИ С.п.А. | Производные фенилэтилпиридина в качестве ингибиторов PDE-4 |
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EP3152203A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2017-04-12 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. | 3,5-dichloro,4-(3,4-(cyclo-)alkoxyphenyl)- 2-carbonyloxy)ethyl)pyridine derivatives as pde-4 inhibitors |
WO2015185130A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-10 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | 3,5-dichloro,4-(3,4-(cyclo-)alkoxyphenyl)--2-carbonyloxy)ethyl)pyridine derivatives as pde-4 inhibitors |
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EP3487501A1 (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-05-29 | Allergan, Inc. | Methods, compositions, and compounds for treatment of dermatological and ocular conditions |
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US11813360B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2023-11-14 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Carrier particles for dry powder formulations for inhalation |
CN115466169B (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2024-03-26 | 中国医学科学院药物研究所 | 取代邻苯二酚醚类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2023208982A1 (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-02 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Crystal form of a pde4 inhibitor |
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WO2024062007A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-28 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Capsule inhaler for the administration of a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor |
WO2024062006A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-28 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Capsule inhaler for the administration of a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor |
GB202306663D0 (en) | 2023-05-05 | 2023-06-21 | Union Therapeutics As | Combination therapy |
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EP3143987A1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2017-03-22 | CHIESI FARMACEUTICI S.p.A. | Pharmaceutical formulation comprising a phosphodiesterase inhibitor |
CN106946848B (zh) | 2011-06-06 | 2022-01-04 | 奇斯药制品公司 | 作为磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的1-苯基-2-吡啶基烷基醇的衍生物 |
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