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TWI444525B - 單條單板ｔ型柵條 - Google Patents

單條單板ｔ型柵條 Download PDF

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TWI444525B
TWI444525B TW096150892A TW96150892A TWI444525B TW I444525 B TWI444525 B TW I444525B TW 096150892 A TW096150892 A TW 096150892A TW 96150892 A TW96150892 A TW 96150892A TW I444525 B TWI444525 B TW I444525B
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TW096150892A
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TW200835832A (en
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Muhammad M Raheel
James J Lehane
Paul Lalonde
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Usg Interiors Llc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B21D47/01—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
    • E04B9/065—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section
    • E04B9/067—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section with inverted T-shaped cross-section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/043—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the hollow cross-section comprising at least one enclosed cavity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
    • Y10T29/49634—Beam or girder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

單條單板T型柵條
本發明係關於懸吊式天花板柵條，且詳言之，本發明係關於一種改良式T型柵條構造及方法。
懸吊式天花板通常使用具有倒置"T"型橫截面之柵條元件或滑道。更頻繁地，T型柵條係由被輥軋成所要組態之薄片金屬製成。倒置T型之下部凸緣通常承載跨越相鄰T型柵條之間的空間而水平地延伸且至少形成可見天花板表面之主要區域的薄片材料。通常提供倒置T型截面之頂部處的中空球管以機械地使T型柵條強硬。多年來已提議輥軋形成之薄片金屬T型柵條之基本橫截面的變化以改良負載容量、硬度之方面的效能及/或減少T型柵條之製造成本。舉例而言，已知的是製造板區域，其為一個或多個層中T型柵條截面之位於下部凸緣與上部球管之間的部分。在板包含兩個層的情況下，已知的是將此等層一起固定於間隔位置處。美國專利第5,979,055號及第6,047,511號揭示了後者構造類型之實例。
仍然需要減少T型柵條之製造成本且使其更易於安裝，特別是在該等優點可藉由減少材料含量來實現的情況下。
本發明提供一種由單一金屬條片料形成之用於懸吊式天花板之T型柵條，其併有摺疊及連鎖層之獨特配置，該配置達成高負載容量且同時可由較薄原料形成以藉此減少材 料含量。已驚奇地發現，儘管板區域中存在固有橫向不對稱性，但可在摺疊及緊固條以形成兩個封閉邊界(一個在頂部處包圍球管，且一個在底部處包圍凸緣)同時板之在凸緣與球管之間的中間部分被留下作為單層的情況下達成高樑強度及扭轉強度。單層板節省材料，但不會導致成比例之樑強度損失。除了節省板之單層中段部分中的材料以外，本發明允許在整個橫截面中使用較輕型原料，藉此達成材料含量之甚至更多的節省。此外，較輕型材料較易於現場切割，使得其較易於安裝。
在形成T型柵條橫截面之摺疊條之縱向邊緣區連續地接合至板之不中斷層或在沿T型柵條之縱向方向而適當地間隔之區域點處接合至板之不中斷層的情況下，可獲得本發明之益處。
圖1及圖2展示根據本發明而構造之T型柵條10之一實例。所說明之T型柵條10具有倒置"T"型之總體大致習知橫截面輪廓，其提供下部水平凸緣11、上部中空加強球管12及在凸緣與球管之間延伸之大致垂直板13。T型柵條10較佳以此項技術中已知的通常習知之工具加工而被輥軋形成。T型柵條10係由單金屬條(通常為鋼或鋁)製成，其軟性或展性足以使其形成為所說明之所要形狀或其他所要形狀。
所說明之T型柵條10可用於乾墙懸吊式天花板中且在凸緣11之下部面部或側面17中形成有縱向延伸凹槽16。除了 提供硬度增加以外，該等凹槽16可用於限制自鑽孔及自攻螺釘被向上驅動至凸緣11中之趨勢，以在安裝者在螺釘已穿透凸緣之前向螺釘施加高力且藉此使凸緣傾斜時保護朝向此面部之乾墻薄片不滑離凸緣。
更詳細地描述T型柵條10且尤其描述其橫截面形狀或輪廓，金屬條19(T型柵條係由其形成)自身摺疊。摺疊使得凸緣11包含雙層21及22。一層21形成下部面部17，而另一層22包含兩個獨立的上部凸緣部分，其分別為左側部份23、右側部份24，左側部分23、右側部份24各自在板13之相對側面上橫向地延伸。在凸緣11之外部或遠端邊緣26處，條19自身摺疊回來，其中一適度內部彎曲半徑在此等邊緣之各別摺疊之內部上留出故意的開口空間27。此開口空間27產生凸緣結構，其與可在條19在邊緣26處基本上平坦摺疊且不存在開口區域的情況下存在之結構相比更具硬度且更不具波狀。上部凸緣層22之兩個上部凸緣部分：左側部分23、右側部份24遵循下部層21之外形，其中存在凹槽16。
條19在兩個上部凸緣部分之左側部分23、右側部份24處被摺疊90度，其中其與板13合併。在諸圖之視圖中，自上部凸緣層22之左側部分23突出的條19之材料自凸緣11至中空球管12為連續的或不中斷的。相反地，自上部凸緣層22之右側部分24突出的條19之材料為條之邊緣區32且終止於條或薄片邊緣33處，較佳終止於在板13之中間高度下方間隔之提高處。
在所說明之實例中具有大致矩形橫截面之中空球管12係由條19之連續包覆形成。再次，在板13之右側，參看諸圖，條之邊緣區36自中空球管12之下部側面懸垂且終止於邊緣37處。
如所提及，板13包括在凸緣11與中空球管12之間為連續板層38，其係由條19之全寬度的中段部分形成。連續板層38在條19之橫向邊緣33、37之間的垂直空間中形成板13之單獨或獨佔層39。連續板層38形成有一對垂直間隔偏移或彎曲41、42。偏移或彎曲41、42將板13之單獨或獨佔層39之大部分定位於T型柵條10之標稱中間平面(亦即，橫向地平分凸緣11及中空球管12之中心假想垂直平面)中。由偏移或彎曲41、42所提供之此幾何形狀最小化由於邊緣區32、36之邊緣33、37之間的間隙而存在於T型柵條10之橫截面中之橫向偏心率。
條19之兩個邊緣區32、36(亦即，形成部分板雙層之元件)固定至其鄰接之連續板層38。此等邊緣區32、36可以任何適合之已知方式被固定，包括(但不限於)熔接、熔化、黏結、焊接、機械緊固及/或黏著劑緊固。邊緣區32、36可沿T型柵條10之長度而連續地固定至連續板層38；或可沿長度而固定於間隔位置處(此為圖1中所示之狀況)。圖1中展示在46、47處所指示之規則間隔位置，在該等位置處，連續板層38、邊緣區32及36藉由點熔接而固定在一起。此等間隔位置46、47之縱向位置在邊緣區32、36中之每一者處無需為相同的。已發現，對於具有給定橫截 面幾何形狀及超出顯著變弱之產品所導致之特性的條19之材料之物理特性的T型柵條10而言，存在熔接或其他區域固定手段之位置的最大間隔。間隔位置46、47之最大縱向間隔將取決於T型柵條10之幾何形狀、條19之材料的強度及條之規格或厚度。作為實例，在T型柵條10具有1-1/2"之高度且係由熱浸鍍鋅(HDG)軟鋼製成且標稱為0.012"厚的情況下，為T型柵條之高度的約2倍之間隔可達成良好結果，但在柵條將用於構造懸吊式乾墻天花板的情況下，大於T型柵條之高度的4倍之距離通常導致不可接受之低負載容量。
將看到，將邊緣區32及36在間隔位置46、47處固定至連續板層38或結構上連續地固定至連續板層38會產生兩個封閉邊界或封閉截面。封閉邊界中之一者係由球管及連續板層38與邊緣區36之相鄰區域提供。邊界中之另一者係由凸緣11及板之由連續板層38與邊緣區32所提供之相鄰區域形成。將看到，凸緣11之邊緣26處之中空區域27在其作為此封閉邊界之一部分而存在時可將成比例之扭轉硬度添加至T型柵條。此等兩個封閉邊界使T型柵條特別在扭轉時變得非常強硬。
所揭示之T型柵條構造可用於主滑道及交叉滑道。T型柵條10可具有適合之末端連接器，而無論其為整體的還是作為獨立夾片，此為工業中所知。可對板13進行開槽以收納交叉T型柵條之連接器。本發明可應用於意欲與鋪設瓷磚及其類似物一起使用之T型柵條。在懸吊式乾墻天花板應 用中，所揭示之T型柵條10具有節省多達28%之習知商業先前技術產品之材料的潛能。除了節省材料以外，更容易利用一幅剪刀來手動地切割藉由本發明而使成為可能之較薄型原料，藉此使所揭示之T型柵條更易於安裝。
應顯而易見，本揭示案係作為實例，且可在不脫離本揭示案中所含有之教示之公平範疇的情況下藉由添加、修改或消除細節來進行各種變化。舉例而言，預期到，條之邊緣區可配置於板之連續層之相對側面上。因此，本發明不限於本揭示案之特定細節，但在以下申請專利範圍被必要地如此限制之程度上除外。
10‧‧‧T型柵條
11‧‧‧下部水平凸緣
12‧‧‧上部中空加強球管、中空球管
13‧‧‧板
16‧‧‧凹槽
17‧‧‧下部面部
19‧‧‧金屬條、條
21‧‧‧下部或外部層
22‧‧‧上部凸緣層
23‧‧‧左側部分
24‧‧‧右側部份
26‧‧‧外部或遠端邊緣
27‧‧‧中空區域、開口空間
32‧‧‧邊緣區
33‧‧‧條或薄片邊緣
36‧‧‧邊緣區
37‧‧‧邊緣
38‧‧‧連續板層
39‧‧‧單獨或獨佔層
41、42‧‧‧偏移或彎曲
46、47‧‧‧間隔位置
圖1為根據本發明而構造之T型柵條的片段透視圖；及圖2為以放大尺度來展示構造細節之圖1之T型柵條的端視圖。
10‧‧‧T型柵條
11‧‧‧下部水平凸緣
12‧‧‧上部中空加強球管、中空球管
13‧‧‧板
16‧‧‧凹槽
19‧‧‧金屬條、條
22‧‧‧上部凸緣層
23‧‧‧左側部分
24‧‧‧右側部份
26‧‧‧外部或遠端邊緣
38‧‧‧連續板層
39‧‧‧單獨或獨佔層
46、47‧‧‧間隔位置

Claims (5)

  1. 一種T型柵條，該T型柵條包含一狹長薄片金屬條，其自身摺疊以整體地形成一下部水平凸緣、一中空上部加強球管及一在該下部水平凸緣與該中空上部加強球管之間向上延伸之板，該下部水平凸緣大致位於一水平面內且其壁為連續實質地跨越其全寬度以避免該板下方之一區域的較大中空，並對稱地相對該板設置，該下部水平凸緣實質上寬於該中空上部加強球管、具有縱向延伸之相對間隔平行邊緣且垂直於該板，該板位於一大致垂直平面內，該中空上部加強球管對稱地設置該板之該平面，該條具有兩個縱向延伸邊緣區，該等邊緣區至少在縱向間隔位置處大致垂直地安置及固定至該條之形成該板之一部分的一中心區域且形成一雙板層區域，該條之該等邊緣區彼此垂直地間隔，使得該條之形成該板之一部分的該中心區域之一部分為一單一獨佔層，該條的該中心區域形成該單一獨佔層，該單一獨佔層在該條的各該邊緣區具有一彎曲，使得該板之該單一獨佔層水平置中於該T型柵條。
  2. 如請求項1之T型柵條，其中該等邊緣區沿該板而在縱向間隔區間處被點熔接。
  3. 如請求項1之T型柵條，其中該等邊緣區藉由一或多個措施而被固定，該措施包括點熔接、機械扣件及黏著劑。
  4. 如請求項1之T型柵條，其中該條之形成該板之該中心區域之該單一獨佔層之中段部分自該條之鄰近部分而在一 橫向方向上偏移，使得其位於一橫向地平分該中空上部加強球管及該下部水平凸緣之平面的中心。
  5. 一種構造一T型柵條之方法，該方法包含以下步驟：提供一金屬條；使該金屬條自身摺疊，諸如藉由習知輥軋形成技術摺疊，該金屬條以一整體地形成一下部水平凸緣、一與該下部水平凸緣間隔之中空加強球管及一接合該下部水平凸緣與該中空加強球管之板的方式被摺疊，藉由該中空加強球管對稱地設置於該板上，該下部水平凸緣之該層為連續以避免板下方區域相對大的中空，且對稱地設置於該板之兩側，該條經摺疊成使得其邊緣位於該板之彼此垂直地間隔之區域中，且該條之一中心區域在該條之各該邊緣被彎折，使該等邊緣之間的一垂直區中形成該板之一單一獨佔層部分，該單一獨佔層部分水平置中於該T型柵條，該條之與該等邊緣相關聯之邊緣區經固定以鄰接該條之鄰近形成該單層部分之該區域的中間區域。
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US11/617,776 US8359812B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2006-12-29 Single strip single web grid tee

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