TWI382918B - 液態聚矽氧烷橡膠之發泡成形的聚合物元件之製法 - Google Patents
液態聚矽氧烷橡膠之發泡成形的聚合物元件之製法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係關於一種製造液態聚矽氧烷橡膠之發泡成形的聚合物元件之方法。下文中使用此聚合物常用的名詞LSR("液態聚矽氧烷橡膠")。
LSR是一種二組份聚合物系統,其組份個別不具有反應性,且根據預定之調整的特性而供給組份。此LSR組份為膏狀。它們藉特別的抽取、稱入和混合技巧而併入模塑組成物中,其可在射出模塑機械上加工為成形的聚合物元件。於提高的溫度(約150-200℃),LSR是交聯用聚矽氧烷橡膠,即所謂的"高溫交聯用聚矽氧烷橡膠"(HTV聚矽氧烷橡膠)。聚合物之交聯反應是,如,鉑催化的加成交聯,其中,聚矽氧烷於Pt-觸媒的影響下,與交聯劑(包含短聚合物鏈)反應。此交聯劑和觸媒是進行交聯反應的部分組件並構成交聯劑之二組份。
相較於慣用之已交聯的聚矽氧烷,(人造或天然)LSR的特徵在於耐溫性高及良好的生理容忍性,此使其無害於保健需求。LSR之關於其他介質的安定性令人滿意;但是其通常不及固態聚矽氧烷,例如,當LSR與石油、脂、油或芳族物質接觸之時。
固態聚矽氧烷之發泡及此材料作為模塑組成物之用途是為已知-不同於LSR之類似加工。如同典型的聚矽氧烷加工中一般,使用化學膨脹劑作為固態聚矽氧烷中之添加劑。使用固態聚矽氧烷時,添加劑之添加必須於預備階段中進行,此大幅提高加工成本。此外,使用固態聚矽氧烷之模塑製法僅部分自動化,固態聚矽氧烷之儲存比LSR來得困難。
化學膨脹劑不適用於LSR,此因膨脹劑之熱衰減/分解作用先發生於工具上且LSR之交聯反應過快而無法形成具有適當品質的發泡體之故。
LSR是一種對於切剪和閉模時間非常敏感的材料。因此,螺旋運輸器用於已知的射出模塑法,其僅用於運輸而非均質化或混合。已知之用於熱塑性材料之發泡射出模塑之方法(請參考,如,EP-B-0952908)中,於射出單元中的一或多個孔處添加膨脹劑。此處,其必須充分混合。如果使用類似的方法加工LSR,此充分混合會導致切剪,此會在停滯區中引發過早交聯情況。此時造成步驟的停滯。同樣地,企圖將已知方法用於LSR也不會成功。
已經知道先行分批引入LSR組份和物理膨脹劑之方法(請參考EP-A-0 593 863)。此方法不適合作為與射出模塑法併用之部分方法。射出模塑法係以半連續的方式進行,因而是大量或實質上連續的(製得之模塑組成物以間歇的方式(如,20秒循環)被注入成形工具中)。雖然有此批次程序,此組合的方法是可行的但成本頗高:需要許多時間(根據EP-A-0 593 863,至少2小時)和相當大的容器體積。因此,此先行分批引入的方式不經濟並因此而無法用於工業實施。
就許多理由來看,LSR之發泡必須要是經濟上有利者。LSR的材料特性部分取決於原料之選擇。但藉由原料,只能有限地調整LSR的特性。可藉由發泡新的材料而得到新的材料特性,並由此而發現新的應用領域。此外,此發泡有助於更有效地利用原料。組份變得更輕,材料之使用更為經濟。
所討論之應用類似於發泡的固態聚矽氧烷之應用,然而,物理發泡的聚矽氧烷(即,LSR製造之成形的聚合物元件)另具有下列優點:-藉由製法而非藉由特別的加工步驟而調整組份特性(類似於在固態聚矽氧烷中添加化學膨脹劑添加劑);-發泡程度較高,因為物理膨脹劑濃度可以較高之故;-化學膨脹劑的分解反應殘餘物不損及機械和/或生理特性。因為沒有分解反應殘餘物留在聚合物中,所以,例如,可達到較高柔軟度。
亦可自LSR製造物理發泡成形的聚合物元件。由DE-A-198 53 021已經知道一種可製造發泡之成形的聚合物元件之射出模塑法。經過適當的進一步研究之後,此方法亦可用以自LSR製造發泡成形的元件。此特別的方法述於未公開之歐洲申請案(EP 4405329)。
自模塑組成物LSR製造發泡的聚合物主體之方法實質上為連續法(即,半連續的)。以特別的方式(即,添加了物理膨脹劑)製得之此模塑組成物被注入成形工具中。於提高的溫度發生交聯反應且同時形成小的發泡泡沫。在製備之前,模塑組成物以分別保存的二組份形態存在,其分別含有用以實施交聯反應的部分裝置且因為這些部分裝置而彼此不同。製備之初,此二組份分別於二物流中在提高的壓力下運送。此處,至少一種組份添加有物理膨脹劑。添加之後,此二物流一起輸送-仍處於提高的壓力下並混合在一起。最後,稱量於混合期間內形成之反應性混合物,並於降低壓力的情況下注入成形工具。
本發明的目的是提出一種已經進一步發展且代表本發明的方法以自成形的LSR製造有用之成形的聚合物元件。藉由使用申請專利範圍第1項之方法,可製造諸如此類之發泡成形的聚合物元件。此方法本身是例示之先前未公開的申請專利案(EP 4405329)之標的。
由LSR製得之成形聚合物元件可藉使用此方法而製得且其發泡度為5至70體積%和/或其Shore A硬度相較於由未發泡的LSR製得之成形的聚合物元件,降低至少10%。所製得之成形的聚合物元件根據與活化的物件或與其他未活化的物件之交互作用,按照其目的而特別根據其物理特性而設計。
附屬項申請專利範圍第2至10項係關於根據本發明之成形的聚合物元件之較佳體系。
進行此方法之裝置1的方塊圖示於圖1。儲槽11和12用於模塑組成物組份A和B,其經由幫浦11a、12a與注入設備2a和2b而連接。(可以僅有一個注入裝置)。藉圖2描述用於注入裝置2a、2b之體系2。根據目的製造之聚合物主體或成形的聚合物元件可藉射出模塑機械(設備2a、2b)和混合設備3製造。在成形工具5中發泡並同時進行交聯反應。兩種組份A和B(或僅一種組份)與物理膨脹流體C注入設備2a、2b(其中流體C藉幫浦13a(或壓縮機)抽離儲槽13經由管線132'和輸入管線接頭132)。CO2
、N2
、氫化合物(如,戊烷)或已知氣體之混合物可作為膨脹流體C。
注入之後,組份A和B經由管線32a、32b運送進入混合設備3,於此處合併並在提高的壓力下進一步混合在一起。最後,於降低壓力的同時,混合物注入成形工具5的槽中。此槽經加熱以加速交聯反應。連接設備4(其包括未示的稱量設備和節流噴嘴)連接至混合設備3。此節流噴嘴於成形工具5的槽中打開。
此注入設備2包括下列組件:用於筒狀混合槽21(其中配置靜態混合器元件22且有連接短管20a、20b用以注入組成物)之外罩20;此外,管壁23(或套管23)介於外罩20和混合槽21之間,其製自多孔材料(如,燒結的金屬粒)。可於壓力下餵入的膨脹流體C可均勻地分散通過壁23遍佈於混合槽21的外罩表面上。經由短管132餵入之此膨脹流體C,以切線方式流經環狀缺口24並以軸向方式遍佈於管壁23的外表面。
供冷卻劑用的管線系統6與外罩20形成一體(以箭頭7、7'表示),可以在注入藉混合元件22加工之模塑組成物組份A和B的期間內,藉此將熱抽取出。
藉由使用所述方法,可製得發泡的LSR之成形的聚合物元件,其發泡度為5至70體積%。相較於未發泡的LSR之成形的聚合物元件,其Shore A硬度降低至少10%。
圖3所示者是顯微記錄製得的圖。此記錄顯示穿透發泡的LSR樣品之截面並顯示微孔8和巨孔9。所示切面的尺寸為1至2平方毫米。僅示出微孔8的輪廓。原圖中,可以看出輪廓內側的不同陰影-此取決於截面平面與孔之位置的相關位置:深陰影為深孔,淡陰影為淺孔。類似於耳朵或外耳之內部起伏形狀亦示於巨孔9中。周圍部分示於圖3,所示者為樣品的一個角落。樣品的內部區域中,巨孔9的密度提高。材料的最適化選擇和方法的最適化,可達到較規則的結構(宜為微胞狀結構)。微胞是尺寸小於約0.1毫米的胞室-前文中稱為孔洞;具有微胞結構的發泡體是指所具有平均直徑低於0.1毫米的胞室之發泡體。
以所示樣品和相同形狀的其他樣品進行硬度測定(根據Shore A)。此處,測定硬度降低情況,其介於22和65%之間,此與發泡設定程度有關。發泡度可引用為密度之降低。所示樣品中,此約50%。
由發泡的LSR製得之成形的聚合物元件可用於許多領域,其改善了收益性。個別應用終將變成可能。
此成形的聚合物元件是,例如運動或工作設備之一組件的把手。此處,發泡的LSR之觸摸性質傳達有利於刺激觸感的握感。此類型之舒適的握感是,如,"柔軟觸感"。此外,經修飾的磨擦性使緊握的手把具有牢固的支撐。
另一體系是醫療用義體或醫療用植入物。可為較輕和較軟的植入物和具有新特性的墊或保護物:較佳緩衝性、較不損及周圍(受創的)組織。特別可製成胸部植入物,此因發泡的LSR之相符的密度、柔軟度和緩衝性,義體與周遭的身體組織具有良好的相容性之故。
此成形的聚合物元件可以作為嬰幼兒用之安慰用的橡皮奶嘴或奶瓶的橡皮奶頭。此因發泡之LSR之相符合的密度、柔軟度和緩衝性使其具有自然的咬感之故。除了此新穎的材料特性以外,此亦考量硬度、材料之使用更為經濟。
此成形的聚合物元件亦可設計成家用容器,特別是熱性質獲改良之烘焙模具或用以製造冰塊的冷凍盤。此處,使用此材料亦更經濟。新製得的成形聚合物元件仍含有造成干擾的單體或未反應的其他組份。可藉回火法可移除造成干擾的組份。因為發泡的LSR之較有利的擴散條件,所以可縮短回火時間。
本發明之成形的聚合物元件的另一實例是適用於製造聲響之物件(如,車)或於振動物件(如,振動器)中之振動阻滯之阻滯元件。
此成形的聚合物元件亦可設計成適用於包封目的或用於補償製造誤差的形狀。提高的柔軟度使得具有改良的可鍛性之新的包封觀點變為可能。
此成形的聚合物元件亦可製成印刷筒用之管狀覆物或塗層以製造專業印刷表面,其,例如,有助於使用較少的材料改良磨擦性質。
此聚合物可以複合材料形式使用(特別是奈米複合材料,其中添加了導電性添加物)。具有金屬添加物之成形的聚合物元件可作為電磁波遮蔽物。此處,相較於已知遮蔽物,其金屬比例降低。使用金屬添加物時,可提高成形元件的導電性,以防止靜電。
該傳導性複合材料的使用範圍有,例如:塑膠的靜電處理、抗靜電包裝、電磁波遮蔽、微電子設備的散熱、基於暴露危險區域中之電力操作裝置的安全理由而降低表面電阻。
1...裝置
2a...注入設備
2b...注入設備
3...混合設備
4...連接設備
5...成形工具
6...管線系統
7...箭頭
7'...箭頭
8...微孔
9...巨孔
11a...幫浦
12a...幫浦
13...儲槽
20...外罩
20a...連接短管
20b...連接短管
21...筒狀混合槽
22...靜態混合器元件
23...管壁
24...環狀缺口
32a...管線
32b...管線
132...輸入管線接頭
132'...管線
A...組份
B...組份
C...物理膨脹流體
將藉圖式之助而解釋本發明,其中:圖1可實施所用方法之裝置的方塊圖,圖2添加裝置,所示者為縱向截面和側視圖,和圖3顯微照片,其示出成形的LSR之截面。
1...裝置
2a...注入設備
2b...注入設備
3...混合設備
4...連接設備
5...成形工具
11a...幫浦
12a...幫浦
13...儲槽
32a...管線
32b...管線
132...輸入管線接頭
132'...管線
Claims (10)
- 一種以液態聚矽氧烷橡膠LSR作為模塑組成物而製造發泡成形的聚合物元件之方法,在此方法中,在加工之前,模塑組成物以兩種分離的組份(A,B)形式存在,製備之初,這些組份分別於二物流中在提高的壓力下運送至注入設備(2),而此注入設備(2)包含用於筒狀混合槽(21)之外罩(20),且該筒狀混合槽(21)中配置有靜態混合器元件(22),且於該注入設備(2)中,實質上連續地於二組份或其中一者中添加膨脹劑(C),添加之後,此二物流(32a,32b)進一步於混合設備(3)中合併並於提高壓力下混合在一起,最後,將於降低壓力的同時,於混合期間內形成之反應性混合物注入成形工具之已加熱的槽中,模塑組成物於其中藉交聯反應而同時發泡,其中,-所製得之成形聚合物元件的發泡度為5至70體積%,和/或-相較於未發泡的LSR之成形的聚合物元件,其Shore A硬度降低至少10%,和-所製得之成形的聚合物元件形成一主體,而該主體係按照其目的而根據與活化的物件或與其他未活化的物件之交互作用及其物理特性而設計。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件是沒有化學膨脹劑殘餘物的主體,因此,關於物理、化學和/或生理學方面之特性未受到此殘餘物之負面影響。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件是運動或工作設備之一組件的把手,其中發泡的LSR之觸摸性質傳達有利於刺激觸感的握感和/或經修飾的磨擦性使緊握的手把具有牢固的支撐。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件是醫療用義體,特別是胸部植入物,其中因為發泡的LSR之相符的密度、柔軟度和緩衝性,義體與周遭的身體組織具有良好的相容性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件是嬰幼兒用之安慰用的橡皮奶嘴或奶瓶的橡皮奶頭,其中發泡之LSR之相符合的密度、柔軟度和緩衝性使其具有自然的咬感。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件是家用容器,特別是烘焙模具或用以製造冰塊的冷凍盤。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件是適用於製造聲響之物件或於振動物件中之振動阻滯之阻滯元件。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件的形狀適用於包封目的或用於產製容許誤差之補償。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中成形的聚合物元件製成印刷筒用之管狀覆物或塗層以製造專業印刷表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中LSR製得之成形的聚合物元件係與金屬添加物一起製造,使得成形元件可作為電磁波遮蔽物,或者使得成形元件之導電性提高以防止靜電。
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CN1853896A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
RU2393088C2 (ru) | 2010-06-27 |
EP1714767A2 (de) | 2006-10-25 |
BRPI0601408B1 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
CA2542558A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
EP1714767A3 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
BRPI0601408A (pt) | 2006-12-26 |
JP5201802B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
TW200708388A (en) | 2007-03-01 |
KR20060110762A (ko) | 2006-10-25 |
US20060235094A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
RU2006113093A (ru) | 2007-11-27 |
EP1714767B1 (de) | 2013-07-10 |
JP2006297935A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
CN1853896B (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
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