TWI362524B - An improved pi-cell liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, and in particular to 5 to increase the reaction speed by providing an improved alignment layer. LCD. * C Prior Art; 1 Background of the Invention Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are used in many applications. The optical design of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is an important topic in their application. Ideally, a good 10 LCD model should have excellent contrast, wide viewing angle, high optical efficiency and fast switching speed. One of the main applications is to display video signals. This includes LCD TVs (LCD TVs). For a video rate signal display, the response speed of the LCD must be fast, otherwise there will be blurring of the moving image. Also, the angle of view of the LCD 15 τν should be as wide as possible, as in a conventional cathode ray tube. Usually the requirement in the horizontal direction is 160. The requirement in the vertical direction is 90. . The intra-panel switching (IPS) mode and the vertical alignment mode, as well as many variations thereof, for the wide viewing angle are promising for video applications. However, their switching speed needs to be increased from >10nls to 2ms. 20 such 'requires LCD optical mode with fast switching speed and wide viewing angle. One possible candidate for fast switching LCDs is the pi-cell. A π unit cell is mainly a bent liquid crystal cell. This π unit cell was invented in 1986 as a fast liquid crystal switching (p. Bos, U.S. Patent No. 4,566,758: Rapid starting, high-speed liquid 5 1362524, application f 101, 01.12. crystal variable optical retarder). In its original form of invention, the unit cell is actually a diagonally deformed unit cell that requires a bias to convert it into a curved unit cell or a π unit cell. Together with the biaxial compensation film, this π unit cell was later improved, also referred to as an optically compensated curved arrangement 5 (〇CB) liquid crystal display (H. Nakamura et al., US Patent No. 6069620: Driving of a liquid crystal display device) method). The π unit cell operates substantially between various bending deformations of the nematic liquid crystal. Applying a voltage changes the bending angle of the liquid crystal cell director' thus changing its overall birefringence. Thus, the optical properties of the π unit cell are essentially the optical properties of an electrically controlled birefringent (ECB) unit cell. Thus, it can be easily compensated by using a plurality of optical films to obtain a wide viewing angle. A conventional π unit cell is formed by parallel rubbing of the alignment layers on both sides of the liquid crystal cell unit cell. The inclination angles 15 on both sides of the liquid crystal cell are inclined toward each other as shown in Fig. 2 in an enlarged manner. Possible liquid crystal director orientations that conform to these boundary conditions are splay deformation (hereinafter referred to as S-state), bend deformation (hereinafter referred to as B-state), and π-torsional deformation 〇-twistdeformation, Hereinafter referred to as τ-state). The S-cell and the B-cell are shown in Figures 8A and 8B, respectively. Figures 1A and 20B show the bend orientation at (A) zero voltage and (B) high voltage. When a high voltage is applied, the B-state becomes a vertical orientation (h〇me〇tn>pk alignment). The introduction of π/4 twist and π/8 twist to the basic structure described has such a change in the basic orientation. In all cases studied, the most stable state is the S-state. From the more stable S-state to the Β-state deformation 6 1362524, · · The application of the 93132205 amendment 101.01.12. The use of the π unit cell. (See, for example, E J Acosta et al., The role of surface tilt in the operation of pi-cell liquid crystal devices, Liquid crystals, vol 27, p 977, 2000; S H Lee et al.

Chiral doped optically-compensated bend nematic liquid 5 crystal cell with integrated deformation from twist to twist-bend state, Japanese J of Applied Physics, vol 40, p L389, 2001; S H Lee et al., Geometric structure for the

Uniform splay to bend transition in a pi-cell, Japanese J

Applied Physics, vol 42, p L1148, 2003). Since the S and B variants 10 are not topologically equivalent, a nucleus transition is required. The "conditions" of the initial S-state to B-state are the main areas of research. A number of methods have been proposed including the introduction of protrusions and the addition of chiral molecular alterations. Similarly, a bias voltage is maintained for the π cell to operate normally only in the B-state. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved π unit cell. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect of the invention, a liquid crystal alignment layer for liquid crystal cells is used to orient liquid crystal molecules. The alignment layer comprises a nanostructure: a. a horizontally oriented material capable of providing a first pretilt angle of the liquid 20 molecule at the point of contact thereof; b. a vertical alignment material capable of providing a second pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules at the contact; wherein an effective pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the alignment layer and in the vicinity of the alignment layer can be controlled to have the first pretilt 7 A value between the 2524 angle and the second pretilt angle. In a preferred embodiment, the first pretilt angle is between 1 and 10. And the second pretilt angle is 8 〇. -9 〇. . In a more preferred embodiment, the first pretilt angle is at 丨. _8. And the second pretilt angle is at 85. -90. . In another preferred embodiment, the unidirectional layer comprises a nanostructure of the vertical alignment material or the horizontal alignment material. In another preferred embodiment, the nanostructure comprises both the horizontally oriented material and the vertically oriented material. In another embodiment the nanostructure is a horizontally oriented material. In another embodiment, the nanostructure is a vertically oriented material. In another preferred embodiment, 10 the nanostructure size is on the order of 0-1 micron. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the alignment materials is a t-complex. In a more preferred embodiment, at least one of the alignment materials is from the group consisting of polyimine, polystyrene, polymethyl methyl acetoacetate, polycarbonate, polylysine, and polyethylene. Select 15 out of a group of alcohols. In a more preferred embodiment, at least one of the oriented materials is a polyimide. In a most preferred embodiment, the horizontal alignment material is JALS9203, and the vertical alignment material is JALS2021, wherein JALS9203 and JALS2021 are commercial products from JSR Corporation (www.jsr.co.jp), for example JALS9203 and JALS2021 The characteristics of its pretilt angle can be found in the respective product description sheets. In another preferred embodiment, the weight: the ratio of the horizontally oriented material to the weight of the vertically oriented material is 1:99 to 99:1. In a more preferred embodiment, the weight: the ratio of the horizontally oriented material to the weight of the vertically oriented material is from 1: 4 to 4:1. 8

Application No. 93132205 In another preferred embodiment, the polar angle 鳊疋 energy on the orientation layer is between 5 x 1 (T4 J/cm 2 to 2.5 X1 〇 -3 J/cm 2 ). In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of fabricating an alignment layer in a liquid crystal cell comprising: a) dissolving a hydroquinone alignment material and a vertical alignment material in a solvent to form a uniform solution; Using this solution to form/layer a liquid film on the substrate; c) treating the film to form a layer of solid film that has broken; and d) processing the hardened solid film to obtain a uniform orientation. In a preferred embodiment, the horizontal alignment material is capable of providing a first pretilt angle in the alignment layer, the vertical alignment material being capable of providing a second dip in the alignment layer. As used throughout the specification, the term "horizontal orientation material" refers to a horizontal alignment material that orients liquid crystal molecules at a position where they are in contact with the surface thereof, and a horizontal alignment material that makes the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the surface thereof greater than 0. For example, liquid crystal A horizontally oriented material that is oriented at a point where the molecule is in contact with its surface at an angle greater than 0. may be up to about 12, 11, 1 〇, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 〇 _5 or ( '1 degree ° "vertical alignment material used throughout the specification, this expression refers to the orientation 90 where the liquid crystal molecules are in contact with their surface. The vertical orientation of the material is such that the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules with their surface is less than 90. The vertical rain-receiving material 'for example, a vertical alignment material that makes the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the surface thereof - an angle of less than 9G°' is approximately 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 虬 88 , 89, 枞 5, or 89_9 degrees. In a more preferred embodiment, the 胄 pretilt angle 疋 1 _1G and the first pre- 2524 1 〇Γ δ Π 2 Γ] ggi^IggSlgrr inclination angle is 80°-90. . In a further preferred embodiment the first pretilt angle is one. -8. And the second pretilt angle is 85. -90. . The horizontally oriented material may be miscible, either wholly or at least partially, with the vertical alignment material. In another preferred embodiment, the horizontally oriented material is dissolved into a first solvent prior to mixing. In another preferred embodiment, the vertically oriented material is dissolved to a second prior to mixing. In the solvent. In another preferred embodiment, the film formed in step b) comprises the nanostructure of the vertical alignment material or the horizontal alignment material. In another embodiment, the nanostructure includes both the horizontal alignment material and the vertical alignment material. The size of the nanostructure is on the order of 0-μm. In another preferred embodiment, at least one of the alignment materials is a polymer. In a more preferred embodiment, at least one of the alignment materials 15 is comprised of polyimine, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polylysine, and polyvinyl alcohol. Selected in / group. In a more preferred embodiment, at least one of the oriented materials is a polyimide. In another embodiment, both the horizontally oriented material and the vertical alignment material are polyimine. In the most preferred embodiment, the horizontal alignment material is JALS 9203, and the vertical alignment material is JALS 202. In another preferred embodiment, the first and second solvents are from Base group of 2-pyrrolidine oxime I (NMP), dimethylformamide (DlViF), 丫-butyrolactone (YBL), butyl cellulose solvent (BC) and THF (tetrahydrofuran) The application for amendment No. 93132205 is selected from 101.01.12. In a more preferred embodiment, the first solvent comprises yBL '; NMP and BC, and the second solvent comprises 丽j^BC. In a most preferred embodiment, the first and second solvents are solvents contained in MLS92〇3 and JALS2021. In another preferred embodiment, the weight: the ratio of the horizontally oriented material to the weight of the vertically oriented material is 丨: 99 to 99:1. In a more preferred embodiment, the weight: the ratio of the horizontally oriented material to the weight of the vertical alignment material is 丨: 4 to 4: j. In another preferred embodiment, the processing is included at 80. -120. The first one is grilled and at about 200. -250. A second baking. In another embodiment, the process is light processing. In another embodiment, the film is formed by spin coating, screen printing, spray coating or ink jet printing. In another embodiment, the rubbing is accomplished by mechanical rubbing of a piece of fabric in a fixed direction or by illuminating the surface at a fixed angle of incidence with a beam of ions in a fixed direction in a vacuum. In another embodiment, the substrate is a glass covered with indium tin oxide. In a preferred embodiment, the indium tin oxide is arranged in a row and column pattern in a passive matrix display. In a more preferred embodiment, the substrate includes a thin film transistor array for active matrix driving. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a process of forming a solution for preparing an alignment layer which can be provided at 8. A first pretilt angle between 85° and 85°. The treatment comprises mixing a level 1362524 application lacquer iQi.oi 12~ orientation material and a vertical alignment material in a solvent, wherein the horizontal alignment material is capable of providing a first pretilt angle in the alignment layer, and The vertical alignment material is capable of providing a second pretilt angle in the alignment layer. In a preferred embodiment, the first pretilt angle is 〇°-1〇° and the second pretilt 5 angle is 80. -90. . In a more preferred embodiment, the first pretilt angle is 〇. -8. The second pretilt angle is 85. -90. . In a preferred embodiment, the processing comprises mixing commercially available horizontal and vertical oriented materials. In a more preferred embodiment, the horizontal alignment material is JALS9203; and the vertical alignment material is 10 JALS-2021. In another embodiment, the solvent is capable of forming a solution comprising nanometer sized droplets. In a preferred embodiment, the droplets are either horizontal or vertical oriented materials. In another preferred embodiment, the droplets are vertical and horizontally oriented. In the present invention, we also disclose a π unit cell which does not require any bias and is always in bending deformation, even at zero bias. There is no stable oblique deformation state. In the following, this will be referred to as "unbiased bending," no-bias bend. Therefore, this new π unit cell or 晶 unit cell is very easy to operate. The cell-manufactured liquid crystal display has an on-off switching time of less than 2 ms and an on-time of less than 1 ms. The optical efficiency is optimized to nearly 90%. This NBB cell display can also be optically compensated to have a similar The wide viewing angle of the unit cell. Through the invention of a special liquid crystal alignment layer, this NBB unit cell may generate a stable south pretilt angle in the liquid crystal cell. 12 1362524 y~^132205 Application Revision Page ΟΓΠ.ΟΓΠ: Ben The gist of the invention is that the germanium unit cell, the germanium unit cell, obtains through the application of the alignment layer that it can provide a large pretilt angle for the liquid crystal molecules in the range of 30° to 70. In another aspect of the invention In one aspect, a liquid crystal cell is provided, comprising: 5 (8) two substrates facing each other; (b) a liquid crystal layer sealed between the two substrates, the liquid crystal layer having 1 micron to 1 micron Thickness; the liquid crystal layer Containing liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, ie, f//>; (4) providing two alignment layers on the inner surface of the substrate toward the liquid crystal layer, in order to orient the liquid crystal layer The alignment layer is in the form of a solid film having a thickness of 10 to 100 nm. In the liquid crystal cell, the solid film alignment layer comprises a mixture of a vertical alignment material and a parallel (horizontal) alignment material; The alignment layer can provide a 30°-70° pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in contact therewith. In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising (4) the NBB liquid crystal as mentioned above a unit cell; (b) a first polarizer disposed on a rear surface of the first substrate. In a real case, the first polarizer is an input polarizer. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal device includes a second polarizer disposed on a rear surface of the second substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the second polarizer is an output a deflector. In Figure 3A, the second bias The device is also referred to as an analyzer. In another embodiment, the angles of "offsets" and "γ" as shown in Fig. 3A are positive or negative with respect to the rubbing direction of the alignment layer of 35. In another embodiment, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is between m m and ym. In another 13 136 524, the application is amended on page 101.01.12. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal layer comprises A liquid crystal molecule having a positive dielectric anisotropy, wherein £7/> Q. In another embodiment, the alignment layer has a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. In another embodiment, the first The liquid crystal molecules which are in contact with the second alignment layer have a pretilt angle of 10° to 80°. In a preferred embodiment, - the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the first and second alignment layers have a pretilt angle of 30°-70°. In another embodiment, the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the first and second alignment layers are substantially the same. Preferably, the pretilt angle 10 is in the range of 45°-90°. In another embodiment of the present invention, a curved state liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell is provided, comprising: a. a first substrate having a first alignment layer thereon; b. a second substrate Having a second alignment layer thereon; 15 C. a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second alignment layers, the first alignment layer extracting a first liquid crystal pretilt angle A, which is absolutely The value is between 17° and 60°, and the second orientation layer leads to a second liquid crystal pretilt angle, the absolute value of which is between 17° and 60°; the (^ and the heart are defined in opposite signs in the same coordinate system, and The liquid crystal layer can maintain a stable bend 20 state at zero bias. In another aspect of the invention, a curved state liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal cell is provided, comprising: a. a first substrate having a a first alignment layer processed to give a pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the first alignment layer 36252 No. 93132205, 101.01.12 azimuthal angle A; sound θι妒a first substrate, Having a one-one orientation layer that is ritualized to modify a predetermined azimuth of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the second alignment layer. At least one of the alignment layers includes a vertical alignment material and Level 5 is taken as a laminate, the vertical alignment material can provide 85-90. The pre-described horizontal alignment material can provide a pre-tilt angle of 〇. -8. η 丄〆 a liquid crystal layer sandwich The first two aspects of the present invention include an embodiment in which the outer sum 02 of the liquid crystal device satisfies the following equation: (K3} -^.Xsin2^ +sin2^ 2) + 2(^-2^-2θ2Χκ33 +Κη) = 〇 - In the equation ' is the bending elastic constant of the liquid crystal, and the ruler " is the oblique elastic constant of the liquid crystal. A preferred implementation in these two aspects In the example, the heart is substantially the same as 15 and is in the range of 30. -6. In another preferred embodiment, at the time, the 仏 and ^ are 47 ± 5. In another implementation In the example, when ^/尤 "=1.3, the heart = 17 ± 5 and 仏 = 6 〇 ± 5. In another implementation of these two aspects In an embodiment, at least one of the alignment layers comprises a mixture of a horizontal alignment material and a vertical alignment material capable of providing a ruthenium of the liquid crystal molecules at a position in contact therewith. A pretilt angle of 85.90 can be provided at the point of contact with the liquid crystal molecules. In a preferred embodiment, the 曰 个 包括 includes a nano-sized structure having a size of 0-1 micron. In another preferred embodiment, the nano-sized structure comprises at least one of the horizontally-edited page 101.01.12. In a more preferred embodiment, the horizontal alignment material of the alignment layer is JALS92G3, and the vertical alignment material of the alignment layer is MLS-phase. & In another embodiment, the liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal has a positive dielectric anisotropy M. J. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal layer has a thickness of between 1 and 15 microns. In another embodiment, the alignment layer is a solid film having a thickness of 10-200 nm. In another embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules that are in contact with the first and second alignment layers are mirror-symmetrically inclined. In another embodiment, the pre-steps on the side are tilted in such a way that the directions of the pretilt angles are parallel when projected onto the surface of the orientation layer. In another embodiment, at least one of the substrates is an active matrix backplane comprising thin film transistors arranged in a matrix. In another embodiment, the treatment of the liquid crystal layer is to mechanically rub the alignment layer with a piece of cloth. In another embodiment, the alignment of the alignment layer is performed by exposing the alignment layer to the ultraviolet light beam of the polarized light. In another embodiment, the processing of the alignment layer is performed. The ion beam illuminates the alignment layer at an angle in a vacuum chamber. In another embodiment, the liquid crystal device further includes an input and output centering. The polarizing axis is set to be positive or negative 35 with respect to the rubbing direction of the alignment layer of the liquid crystal cell. _55. angle. In another embodiment the liquid crystal device is external to a unit cell. Further comprising a reflective device disposed in the liquid crystal embodiment, wherein the liquid crystal device further includes an anti-(four) arrangement, which is placed in the liquid crystal The source matrix is on the bottom plate. In another embodiment, the liquid crystal device further includes a compensation delay 骐. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for generating a curved recording state in a curved state. The curved liquid crystal device includes a first substrate having a first-orientation substrate and a second alignment layer thereon. The method includes: sandwiching a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between the first and second alignment layers; and bowing a first liquid crystal pretilt angle at 17. -60. Within the range; c. Lead a second liquid crystal pretilt angle at η. Within the range of the body; and the two-way liquid crystal is in a bent state, which is stable at zero bias voltage and operating voltage. In the case of the second embodiment, the pretilt angle is extracted by providing an alignment layer, which includes (4) providing a horizontally-oriented liquid crystal on which the liquid crystal molecules that are converged are provided to provide the liquid crystal at a position in contact therewith. Molecular 85°_%. Long angle _ straight orientation material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figs. 1A, 1B and 1C show a cross-sectional view of a portion of a liquid crystal display device in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a liquid crystal cell according to aspects of the present invention. Figure 3 shows the liquid crystal director in the Cartesian coordinate system. 1362524 ιοΤόΓΤΙΓΊ I Patent No. 93132205 Figure 3 shows a polarizer according to another aspect of the invention, the position of the detector & the viewer relative to the liquid crystal cell. Fig. 4 shows a process of fabricating a liquid crystal alignment layer in accordance with another aspect of the present invention. 5 Figures 5, 5 and 5C are a set of photographs showing examples of nano and micro-regions of a solid film formed of a liquid crystal layering agent according to another aspect of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a view showing the relationship between the concentration of the pretilt angle and the vertical alignment material (JALS2021) according to another aspect of the present invention. The 10-way film is formed by spin coating. Fig. 6 is a view showing the relationship between the concentrations of the pretilt, the horn, and the vertical alignment material (JALS2021) according to another aspect of the present invention. The alignment film is formed by a roll printing method. Figure 7 is a view showing the relationship between the polar angle & 15 concentration of the energy and the vertical alignment material (JALS2021) according to another aspect of the present invention. Figs. 8 and 8 respectively show another according to the present invention. The (Α) oblique and (Β) bending deformation orientation of the liquid crystal layer of the aspect. Figure 9 is a graph showing the elastic deformation energy of the curved and oblique orientation of a wave layer according to another aspect of the present invention. 2〇 Figures 1 and 10 show the bending orientation at (Α) zero voltage and (Β) high voltage in accordance with another aspect of the present invention. Fig. 11 is a view showing the relationship between the transmission and the voltage of the unit cell (1) taught by Example 4 according to another aspect of the present invention. The 12th and 12th views are oscilloscope traces showing the switching dynamics of the unit cell (1) prepared by the example 4 on the one hand according to another aspect of the invention. Figure 13 is a three-dimensional diagram showing the relationship between the reaction time (μδ) 'the start level and the percentage of the end level' in accordance with another aspect of the present invention 'i' from the unit cell prepared by Example 4 (1) from gray scale (grey level) to grayscale cut 5 change time. According to another aspect of the present invention, Fig. 14 shows the relationship between the transfer wheel and the voltage of the unit cell (II) prepared according to Example 5. Figure 15 is a three-dimensional diagram showing the relationship between the start time and the percentage of the end level of the reaction time (μ8) according to another aspect of the present invention, that is, the unit cell prepared by the example 5 (Π) Switching time from grayscale to grayscale.

C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Two angles "substantially the same" mean that the two angles differ by less than five. ; preferably 'less than 3. Most preferred, less than 1. . Here, "absolute value, refers to a value of 15 real numbers, regardless of its sign. For example, the absolute value of -4 is 4. Also called a numerical value. Refer to Figure 1A' to show a part of the liquid crystal display, including a liquid crystal cell 1 and two polarizers 2 and 3. The arrows indicate the optical path through the liquid crystal cell. Figure 1B shows a penetrating 2 液晶 liquid crystal with two retardation films 13, 14. The two films are used to compensate for the dispersion and improve the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display. The arrows indicate the optical path through the liquid crystal cell. Figure 1C shows a portion of a reflective liquid crystal cell with a delay Membrane 13 and an external mirror 12 is provided. Or the mirror surface in Fig. 1C can be formed inside the liquid crystal cell as a passive and matrix driven display 19 1362524 No. 93132205 application IqOTT? The portion of the prime structure or 'provides a retardation film 14 instead of 13. The two arrows indicate the optical path of the unit cell. In Fig. 2, a liquid crystal cell is used when no voltage is applied, including Top substrate 4 and bottom Substrate 5; two transparent conductive electrodes 6 and 7' 5 - a top alignment layer 8 and / a bottom alignment layer 9 'a liquid crystal layer 1 〇. In the first layer of the liquid crystal molecules 10A and the bottom alignment layer 9 The angle A formed between the surfaces is referred to as a first pretilt angle. The corner 2 formed between the first layer of the liquid crystal molecules 10B and the surface of the top alignment layer 8 is referred to as a second pretilt angle. ^ can be substantially the same or different. In this liquid crystal display, the substrates 4 and 5 can be made of glass. One of the glass substrates, such as 5, can be an active with a thin film transistor array. a matrix backplane. Or one of the substrates, such as 4, may be made of glass, and the other substrate 5 may be an opaque material, such as germanium. In this case, a structure may be constructed on the germanium substrate. Active matrix array. If both substrates are made of glass, the liquid crystal display can operate in a transmissive mode or a transflective mode. If one of the substrates is opaque, the liquid crystal display can only In reflective mode The mirror is configured as part of the active matrix structure inside the liquid crystal cell. One of the other elements of the first preferred embodiment is the liquid crystal layer 1 〇 20 centered on the substrate The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is fixed by a spacer (not shown) inside the liquid crystal cell. The most important parameter of the liquid crystal layer is the pretilt angle at the boundary and the alignment layer. When no voltage is applied, 'spread some pretilt angles' 9/ and <92 determine the liquid crystal layer 1〇 (10) and (4) refer to the 3®)° Here, for the sake of simplicity, we assume that the angle depends only on one 20 1362524 101.01.12. % 93132205^?glgT^ The variable Z' is the distance in the vertical direction to the liquid crystal cell, as shown in Fig. 3. In general, Θ and # can be functions of (X y y, z). However, in the court, it does not affect the expression of the present invention. This liquid crystal layer is shown in Fig. 3 by a liquid crystal director having directions 0 and 0, and the inflammation is a polar angle and an azimuthal angle, respectively. In the present invention, 0 also refers to a tilt angle. The tilt angle is at the boundary with the orientation layer, and $(4) is referred to as the pretilt angle. The orientation of the directors, i.e., the values of Θ(8) and 〆, determine the optical properties of the liquid crystal cell. It basically determines the transmittance and reflectance of the liquid crystal cell 10. As shown in Fig. 3, the director of the liquid crystal molecule η is composed of a pretilt angle (inclination angle) Ρ and a pretilt angle (torsion angle 疋, 0 corresponds to a polar angle of the director η, $ corresponds The Cartesian coordinate system of the director η of one azimuth liquid a molecule is defined as: 15 n=(cos0cos^5 cos0sin0, sin0) The director n of the liquid crystal can be determined by An orientation treatment is performed on the substrate to control the pretilt angle σ. The pretilt direction 彡. The transmission or reflection of light by the liquid crystal unit passes through the polarizer angle α and the analyzer angle The γ is determined as shown in Fig. 3, and is determined by the orientation condition of the liquid crystal layer 10 of the 20. The electrode ό, 7 and the alignment layers 8, 9 are used to control the liquid crystal layer 1〇. The orientation condition. The electrode provides a voltage to control the % ζ) and the value. The alignment layers and their processing determine the value of #Φ' where d is the thickness of the liquid crystal cell. Essentially, _ is A and (10) is, as mentioned earlier. They are equivalent to 21 1362524 hundred ^ 132205 No. A request to correct the negative ΙΟΙ. ΟΤΤ ^] symbol. The values of 0 (3⁄4) and (9 from) and multiple (3⁄4), together with the elastic Euler's equation, determine %z; and multiple (3⁄4) solutions. The physical meaning of the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is well known in the prior art and is also described in the literature by "Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials" by Blinov and Chigrinov, published by Springer in 1994. And 0(0) is considered to be an easy orientation axis of liquid crystal orientation. It should be noted that the true orientation of the liquid crystal on the surface also depends on the anchoring energy of the oriented surface. The anchoring energy is a measure of how strong the tinning condition is. "If the anchoring energy is large, it is difficult to deviate from this condition, and the orientation angle is given by the direction of the easy orientation axis. For weak anchoring, the true angle of the liquid crystal on the surface can deviate from the outer sum Φ(〇). It is apparent that the value of the sum #0 and the sum of 4 and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules just in the vicinity of the alignment layer are important in designing the photoelectric characteristics of the liquid crystal cell. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be obtained by many devices and is a well-researched problem in the field of liquid crystal physics and engineering. The predetermined orientation conditions are generally obtained, for example, by rubbing the alignment layers 8, 9. Eight of the alignment layers are processed such that they can be oriented in the vicinity of the liquid crystal knives. The treatment is mostly done by mechanical friction. Other techniques, such as photo-orientation or ion beam orientation, are sometimes used. For the disclosure of the present invention, we are not limited to any of the orientation techniques. For the following discussion, we use friction as an example of the alignment layer treatment. The rubbing direction on the orientation layer determines the butterfly and _, and the pre-22 1362524 is the 9931 lacking the application number of the 〇^Γ^ΤΤΰ~~] dip angle (9 (3⁄4) and the value of the outer Θ Mainly determined by the material properties of the alignment layers 8, 9. There are parallel alignment materials, such as polyimides, which can provide germanium for the production of twisted nematic (TN) and super twisted nematic (stn) liquid crystal displays. The pretilt angle. This material is also referred to as a horizontally oriented material. Also, the material is capable of providing a vertical orientation of a pretilt angle of 85 to 90 for a vertically oriented nematic (VAN) liquid crystal display. Such materials can also be referred to as vertical alignment materials. These parallel and vertical materials are commercially available. Many inventions have disclosed different types of chemicals that can provide horizontal or vertical orientation. However, it should be noted that these orientations The layer can only provide 10 near horizontal or near vertical orientation. It is not possible to obtain alignment polar angles between horizontal or vertical. Specifically, in practice, there is no known polyimine extraction. The revelation can provide a pretilt angle close to 45. Although it has been claimed in the past to obtain such a pretilt angle, these polyimine orientation materials have been well served by the liquid crystal display industry. A large number of 15 are used to manufacture practical liquid crystal displays ( LCD). In this first preferred embodiment, the alignment layers 8, 9 are specially treated to provide the liquid crystal layer 10 with a high pretilt angle. Fig. 3 shows a coordinate system for visualizing different angles. This coordinate system is used to describe η, (8), and 0 in the entire liquid crystal cell. For a conventional germanium unit cell, the d), 20 and the same as A) and the same as the positive and negative values. This is simply obtained by rubbing the top and bottom alignment layers in parallel. In this first preferred embodiment, the pretilt angle can result in a stable π unit cell even when no voltage is applied. In other words, the value of must and 込 is large enough that the stable structure of the unit cell is a curved unit cell, even if there is no voltage applied 23 1362524

[£93132205 application 101.01.12. I is added to the liquid crystal cell. This is in contrast to a general hard cell in which the zero voltage orientation of the liquid crystal cell is a diagonal cell and a biasing and conversion method is required to maintain the bend orientation. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a process of fabricating the liquid crystal alignment layer 5 according to an aspect of the present invention. In step 1, a vertical alignment material 40 is diluted in solvent A, and solvent A is completely miscible with the vertical alignment material 4, to form a vertical material solution 42. In step 2, both the vertical solution 42 and a horizontal alignment material 44 are dissolved in a solvent c to form a final mixture 46. Alternatively, in optional step 2, the horizontal alignment material 10 44 is first dissolved in a solvent B, and a horizontal material solution 45 is formed before being mixed with the vertical material solution 42 in the solvent C. In step 3, the mixed solution 46 is applied to a substrate to form a solid film 48. The solid film 48 is heat treated and includes a pre-bake in step 4 and a final co-bake treatment to form a hard solid film 50. The hard solid film has a thickness of 15 1 〇 Π 〇〇 13 〇〇 nm. The hard solid film 50 is rubbed in step 5 to form a desired liquid crystal alignment layer 52. The friction can be mechanically rubbed into the 饤' which includes applying a force in a solid (four) direction. The above mentioned processing is only an embodiment of the present invention. There are many other ways to implement the invention, which are well known to those skilled in the art. 2, for example, the processing in step 4 can also be carried out by light processing. The rubbing in the step 5 can also be carried out by irradiating an ion beam in a vacuum in a solid direction at a fixed incident angle to illuminate the surface of the alignment layer. It is also possible in this optional step 3' to first obtain a liquid film 47' from solution 46 and then in step 3" the liquid film is processed to obtain a solid film 24 1362524 No. 9313^20^ application amendment Page 48. The method of drying the liquid film to obtain the solid film also affects the pretilt angle obtained from the above treatment. A conventional π unit cell is formed by rubbing in parallel on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. The director orientation of these boundary conditions is the oblique deformation (S-state), the bending deformation (Β_state)', and the 11 torsional deformation (Τ-state). When a high is applied In the case of electric dust, the Β-state becomes the vertical orientation (Η-state). In a conventional π unit cell, the pretilt angle is less than 10. Thus the 'S-state has lower elasticity The deformation energy is therefore more stable. The conversion from this more stable S-state to the Β-state requires 10 to use the π unit cell (see 'eg 'EJ Acosta et al., The role surface tilt in the operation of Pi-cell liquid crystal devices,

Liquid crystals, vol 27, p 977, 2000; SH Lee et al, Chiral doped optically-compensated bend nematic liquid crystal cell with integrated deformation from twist to twist-bend state, 15 Japanese J of Applied Physics, vol 40, p L389, 2001; SH Lee et al., Geometric structure for the uniform splay to bend transition in a pi-cell, Japanese J Applied Physics, vol 42, p L1148, 2003). Since the s and B variants are not topologically equivalent, a nucleus transition is required. The "conditions" of the initial S-state to the B-state are the main areas of research. A number of methods have been proposed, including the introduction of protrusions and the addition of chiral molecular dopants. Similarly, a bias voltage is maintained for the π unit cell to operate normally only in the B-state. Thus, in the conventional π unit cell, the S-state deformation is more stable than the Β-state deformation because of the small pretilt angle. In the present invention, we disclose a new method of 25 1362524 i〇r〇n^ No. 93132205 to produce a more stable Β-state deformation, even at zero bias β known as 'no distortion liquid crystal cell per unit area The elastic energy is given by

Cos2 0+KSisin2 Θ ) bearing dz 5 where the ruler &quot; and the ruler 33 are the oblique and bending elastic constants, respectively. 0 is the tilt angle 'which is a function of the distance z inside the unit cell. Under conditions of almost linear distribution (established for most liquid crystal materials), the energy of the 3 cells and the S unit cells can be calculated. They are shown in Figure 9. It can be clearly seen that if the pretilt angle is increased, it will contribute to the B-shape. However, in the conventional LCD construction technology, it is difficult to manufacture more than 1 〇. High pretilt angle. We can easily estimate the pretilt angle required to form the B unit cell. If the pretilt angles on both sides of the liquid crystal layer are respectively 込, the diagonally and curved unit cells will have the same elasticity 15 energy if the following conditions are satisfied: iK33 -K„ \sin20, +sin292 ]+2(π-2θ, -2Θ2 \Κ33 +Κ„ )=〇 If the pretilt angles on both sides of the unit cell are the same and equal to θ, the above condition can be simplified as: (K33 -K„ ) Sin2e, +(π-4θ, \Κ33^Κ„)=〇20 By solving this equation, the condition of the pretilt angle that makes the oblique and bending deformation energies the same can be obtained. For example, 'for p-methyoxybenzylidene-p'-butylaniline (MBBA) * K32IKt] = 1.3, therefore, 込 is about 47. . It also conforms to the chart shown in Figure 9. 26 1362524 Application No. 93132205 Amendment Gongyi - ι〇丨.〇ι 12 Generally, you can see that for all values of 4/Λ:&quot;, it is always at 45. Between 58° and 58°. Thus, if the pretilt angle on the liquid crystal cell is greater than the critical angle, the bending deformation will be more stable than the s_deformation. In other words, the liquid crystal cell will always be in the B_ state. This is a π unit cell with no bias 5 . We call this the unbiased bend (NBB) unit cell. The pretilt angle on one side may be smaller for the asymmetrical liquid crystal cell ', and the pretilt angle on the other side must be larger than that. For example, if it is 3〇. According to the above equation, there is no need to compare 67. Large, if the ruler ///= 1.3. An important step in constructing such a π unit cell is the preparation of the high pretilt orientation of 10 layers. A number of techniques have been introduced in the past to achieve high pretilt angles in a liquid crystal cell. This includes Si〇x evaporation, ion beam, photo-alignment technology and reverse mechanical friction. In the present invention, we combine the germanium unit cell and a special technique which produces a high pretilt angle of our invention. The method of obtaining such a high pretilt angle in the present invention is to rub an orientation layer prepared by a special I5. The liquid crystal cell is oriented by the alignment layers 8 and 9. The details of the preparation of these special alignment layers have been described above in connection with Figure 4. When a vertical alignment material and a horizontal alignment material are mixed in a suitable ratio in a solution, it is possible to form an orientation layer which can generate a pretilt angle at any angle. Figures 6A and 6B show experimental results for this example. In the figure, it is shown that by the vertical alignment material, in this case it is a commercial material obtained from Japan Synthetic Rubber, article number JALS2021, and a horizontal alignment material such as JALS9203, it is possible to obtain 1〇. -8 〇. The pretilt angle of any value. The pretilt angle indicated in Figs. 6A and 6B is the same as the solution mixture. The modification of the page no. 93132205 indicates that the available pretilt angle depends on the preparation method of the solid alignment layer in Fig. 6a. The solid-state layer is prepared using a spin coating technique in Figure 6B, using a roll coating and then rapidly adding a square to prepare the solid film. There are many other ways to The cold liquid forms a film of the alignment layer. It is possible, for example, to form the film by using a silk, a printing inkjet printing method, a dip coating or a doctor blade technique. Disclosed, we only use (iv) examples of printing and spin coating. All other techniques are included in a part of the invention. It can be said that for each method of preparing the film, there is a pretilt angle that is available relative to the solution. The dependence of the ratio on the solid film after the initial preparation can be performed by a hot device, such as placing the substrate in a heated furnace or irradiating a strong ultraviolet light through light treatment. Light onto the liquid helium. If the pretilt angle is greater than 40, the curved structure will be obtained even in the absence of voltage. If the rubbing orientation conditions of the alignment layer are parallel, a π is obtained. a unit cell or a curved orientation unit cell. If the input polarizer and the output polarizer 2' 3 and the liquid crystal cell rub direction are 45. and -45°, the transmission of the π unit cell is as follows Let T = sin2~{An(z)dz Λο where λ is the wavelength, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and Δη is the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer, depending on the orientation conditions such as

Jn(z)= ne (Θ(ζ))-η〇(1~93132205^^Please correct the page |~| where ~ 疋 liquid crystal material has a constant refractive index, % is a very refraction of liquid crystal material Rate. The transmission of the liquid crystal cell changes as the deformation of 0(8) changes. This is the basis of the electronically controlled birefringence (ECB) unit cell. The standard cell computer can be used to simulate the germanium cell structure constructed in this way. The transmission values, as shown in Figures 8 and 8B, are for a no-voltage state and a high voltage state. At a high voltage, the vertical orientation of the liquid crystal layer can be obtained. _ The alignment layer is usually used to obtain the orientation of the liquid crystal layer. Manufacturing of liquid crystal displays. A number of oriented materials for this purpose are mentioned in the literature. A large part of these materials are heat and light stable polymers such as 'polyimine (ΡΙ), poly 10 propylene glycol (PVA), These materials are typically spin-coated or screen printed onto the substrates 4 and 5. Pre-bake and final baking steps are required to harden and process the polymeric material. Some of the polymeric orientation agents are capable of providing a pretilt angle with a certain degree Parallel orientation conditions. Some special orientation agents can provide a vertical orientation for the liquid & 15 having a pretilt angle of both. Both polymers can be applied to the substrate and processed. It is used to fabricate alignment layers on the substrates 4, 5, and this is well known in the art. 20 In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is maintained for all working electromills, crystal The orientation of the cell. Therefore, the time is very fast. Unlike the traditional (four) cells, there is no need to change the π cell from the oblique to f-curve deformation. The liquid crystal pretilt angle can be expected to be the same or The difference between the ones in 1 is Π, and the pretilt angle on the other side is an example of the pretilt angle, etc. The eleventh figure shows that the transmission of the experimental unit cell is relatively inconsistent with respect to 29 1362524. 93132205 Application Revision Page 101.01.12. Characteristics of Voltage. Figures 12A and 12B show the switching time of a prototype we constructed. Because the switching can be very fast, even for transient voltages, we have drawn 8 grays. Degree switching time The results are shown in Figure 13. It can be seen that the maximum time required is 3ms, and the fastest time is much less than • 5 1ms. In this particular example, the values of the different parameters are indicated in Table I. : Liquid crystal cell parameters Cell gap 7 micron liquid crystal material Merck MLC-6080 Pretilt angle 17° and 60° Vertical alignment agent JALS 2021 Horizontal orientation agent JALS 9203 Input polarizer angle 45° Output polarizer angle -45° In another example, the pretilt angles on both sides of the liquid crystal layer are made the same. In this case, a pretilt angle of 53 is required. Figure 14 shows the plot of the transmission of such a sample versus voltage. It is not much different from the asymmetrical case 10. However, due to the smaller total birefringence, the absolute transmission of this sample is lower than that of the previous sample. Figure 15 summarizes the switching time obtained from such a sample. It can be seen that the reaction time is faster and is usually less than 2 ms. Table II shows the parameters of this experimental sample. Table II. Liquid crystal cell parameters Cell gap 7 micron liquid crystal material Merck MLC-6080 Pretilt angle 53° Vertical alignment agent JALS 2021 Horizontal orientation agent JALS 9203 Input polarizer angle 45° Output polarizer angle -45° 15 In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal layer is still made larger, using the technique described in the first preferred embodiment of the preferred embodiment. Therefore, the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is also the orientation of the curved unit cell or the π unit cell. However, the rubbing direction of the alignment layer is now allowed to be non-parallel to the top and bottom alignment layers. Thus, a certain twist angle is allowed for the liquid crystal cell. The purpose of this is to enable the cell transfer to be corrected&apos; into the transmission of the twisted nematic cell rather than the transmission of the electrically controlled birefringent cell. Thus, the cell gap 玎 is smaller and the reaction time can be faster. LCD simulation can be used to optimize the optical characteristics of the second embodiment. In this case, the inter-cell gap 10 and the twist angle of the liquid crystal cell are allowed to be changed. The condition is that the contrast should be good' and the brightness of the bright state is close to unity. In a third preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal display is a reflective display. There is one input polarizer and no output polarizer. As shown in Fig. 1C, a mirror surface 15 12 is placed behind the liquid crystal cell. Alternatively, in the case of a reflective thin film transistor (TFT) LCD, the mirror may be part of the active matrix backplane. The liquid crystal cell is also the same as in the first preferred embodiment. However, because the beam passes through the liquid crystal cell twice, the required birefringence will be different from the first preferred embodiment. This is important for the reaction rate of the liquid crystal cell. Now the cell gap can be halved' speed can be almost four times faster because the reaction time of a liquid crystal cell is inversely proportional to the square of the cell gap. Also, since the path length now becomes twice the length in the first preferred embodiment, the birefringence Δη of the liquid crystal material can be more selected. 31 1362524 Application No. 93132205 Amendment Page In all preferred embodiments, retardation films 13, 14 may be used to compensate for dispersion and improve the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display. In some cases, only one membrane is required. In other cases, a film is required on both sides of the liquid crystal cell for precise compensation. 5 Example 1 Example 1 shows a process of preparing an alignment layer which can provide a pretilt angle of 44 degrees. Materials: • The horizontally oriented material: purchased from Japan Synthetic Rubber Company 10 (Cat. No.: JALS9203), in the form of a solution. (JSR Corporation, 5-6-10 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8410, Japan). The solvents in JALS9203 include γ-butyrolactone (yBL), mercapto-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and butyl cellulose solvent (BC). - • The vertical alignment material: purchased from Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. (article number: JALS2021)' is in the form of a solution. The solvent in JALS 2021 includes mercapto-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and butyl cellulose solvent (BC). • Substrate: An ITO glass with electrodes purchased from Shenzhen CSG. Procedure: 20 0.95 grams of a solution of the horizontally oriented material and 0.05 grams of a solution of the vertically oriented material were mixed together and thoroughly mixed. The mixture was applied to the substrate using spin coating to obtain a soft solid film. The spin coating method was started at 800 rpm for 1 , and then at 35 rpm for 100 seconds. A soft film comprising the horizontal and vertical alignment materials is formed. 32 T362524 pp 93,312,205, application i-page 1 〇 1, 〇ΠΣ and the remaining solvent. In order to remove all remaining solvent and process the polymer, the coated glass is placed in an oven. At the beginning, take 1 〇〇. Bake for 1 minute (soft bake and then bake at 230 C for 90 minutes (hard bake). A hard film, ie the orientation Zhan, is formed. The surface of the orientation layer is subjected to rubbing treatment, using &quot;&quot ;&quot;'Block nylon#, and: rubbing the layer in one direction. The picking effect · The pretilt angle of the orientation layer generated according to Example 1 is 44 degrees. 〇一山, Example 2 is not prepared for one The process of orienting the layer, which can provide a degree of pretilt angle. Discussion: • The horizontally oriented material: purchased from japan Synthetic Rubber Company 15 (Cat. No.: JALS 9203) 'is in solution. · The vertical alignment material : Purchased from japan Synthetic Rubber (article number: JALS2021), in solution. • Substrate: An ITO glass with electrodes, purchased from Shenzhen CSG, China. 2〇 Process: 0.5 g of horizontally oriented material solution and 0· A solution of 5 grams of the vertically oriented material was mixed together' and thoroughly mixed. The mixture was applied to the substrate and a soft solid film was obtained using the following printing coating method: a diameter of 2 cm, long 5 inches The inch stainless steel rod is placed on the 33rd force 132205 to ===r- until the solution slides along the rod 2 or along the surface of the substrate to form a liquid film of the layer. 1 (9). C on the hot plate, 10 minutes to remove all the solvent. 镰 placed in an oven, at 23 〇

_. It is obtained by including the vertical and horizontal orientation materials &quot;hard film J slave...starting at _rmp for 1 〇 second, then operating at 350 rpm. A soft film comprising the horizontal and vertical alignment materials and the remaining solvent are formed. In order to remove all remaining solvent and process the polymer, the coated glass is placed in a - (four) furnace. At the beginning, it was baked for 1G minutes (soft bake) and then baked for 90 minutes (hard baked)... a hard film, that is, a human orientation layer, was formed. The surface of the alignment layer was subjected to a rubbing treatment using a nylon cloth, and the layer was rubbed in one direction at a time. Results: The pretilt angle of the alignment layer produced according to Example 2 was "degree." In Example 1, the liquid film became a soft solid film by a spin coating method. The solvent was slowly evaporated to make a horizontal orientation. And the vertically oriented regions tend to be larger. Moreover, the ratio of the surface area of the horizontally oriented and vertically oriented regions will contribute to the material having higher solubility in the mixed solvent 'because of materials having lower solubility In the case 2, 'because it is heated on a hot plate, it solidifies quickly. Thus, the area tends to be smaller. The ratio of the area of the horizontal and vertical alignment areas is not due to the material. Different solubility and subject to too much 1362524

Impact. The pretilt angles obtained by the processes of Examples 1 and 2 were different, even for the same horizontal orientation and vertical orientation of the mixture of the orientation agents. This is because different processes are used to get different regional structures. There is a table 5 grid&apos; which lists the pretilt angles obtained for the same mixture using the two different methods. As a result, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the alignment layer was measured by a crystal rotation method. The tinning energy on the surface of the alignment layer is measured by the method described in the publication of Chigrinov et al. Chigrinov, A Muravski, HS Kwok, H Takada, H Akiyama and H Takatsu, Anchoring properties of photo-aligned azo- Dyes materials,

Physical Review E, vol 68 pp 61702-61702-5, 2003). 15 Example 3 In addition to Examples 1 and 2, the present invention can also generate different pretilt angles according to different ratios of the vertical alignment layer (JALS2021) and the horizontal alignment layer (JALS9203) and substantially the same processes as in Examples 1 and 2. The details of the alignment layer produced by the spin coating method are shown in Table 1. The details of the orientation layer formed by the printing coating method 20 are shown in Table 2. Table 1. Concentration of orientation layer JALS2021 produced by spin coating (Wt%) Concentration of JALS9203 (Wt%) Pretilt angle (degrees) 0 100 5 0.566 99.434 12.9 1.69 98.31 22.8 2.587 97.413 40.95 35 1362524 Revision of application No. 93132205 Pages 101.01.12. 3.47 96.53 51.1 5.34 94.66 72.4 12.35 87.65 77 36 64 83.5 100 0 87 Table 2. Concentration of the orientation layer JALS 2021 produced by the printing coating method (wt%) Concentration of JALS 9203 (wt%) Pretilt angle (degrees) 2.3 97.7 4.8 6 94 5.25 15.8 84.2 21.7 18.7 81.3 24.75 27.3 72.7 37.4 36 64 53.4 51 49 77 69 31 86 100 0 87 The key step in preparing the new orientation layer is during the formation of the solid film The formation of the nanostructure. Since the two orientation materials precipitate at different times during the formation of the solid film, a nano- and micro-5 structure is formed. Figures 5A-5C show the structure of the film formed in accordance with the present invention as observed under standard atomic force microscopy. In these figures, the brighter areas show the vertically oriented material. From the 5A to 5C graph, the percentage of the vertically oriented material is increasing. These samples were produced by spin coating, wherein the conversion from the liquid film to the solid film was relatively slow and allowed more time for the separation of the two oriented materials. In these examples, the nanostructure is characterized by a size on the order of a fraction of a micron. In many other cases, the nanostructure can be as small as a few nanometers. The nanostructures are typically in the form of islands of vertically oriented material in the context of the parallel oriented material. This structure is determined by surface tension, surface energy, elasticity, and other physical properties of the two materials as well as the physical properties of the common solvent 36 15 1362524. They are all useful for this embodiment. Using the above alignment layer, a liquid crystal cell is prepared while achieving a perfect uniform orientation. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is as shown in Fig. 6a. Figure 6A shows the pretilt angle measured at different concentrations of JALS2021. 5 It can be seen that the pretilt angle can be controlled by the percentage of JALS2021, from about 5. Nearly 80. At the same time, the concentration of JALS2021 reaches from about 0% to about 14%. The polar anchoring energy of the surface of the orientation layer is also measured, as shown by the seventh. It can be seen that the anchoring energy varies according to the percentage of JALS2021. The correlation between the obtained pretilt angle and the method of preparation of the solid film can be conceptually understood. In the physical sense, the two regions described will interact with the liquid crystal molecules. Their orientation forces will compete with one another to create an orientation between the vertical and horizontal orientations. By varying the relative concentrations of the vertically oriented and parallel oriented materials, a pretilt angle of not the same value can be produced. The alignment layer produced in accordance with the teachings of the present invention can have many applications. For example, it can be used in a liquid crystal cell of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device. The LCD device using the alignment layer of the present invention has many advantages such as an improved reaction speed, a wide viewing angle, and excellent image-free phenomenon. Other applications that will occur to those skilled in the art are not described in detail herein. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the <RTIgt; Although most of the embodiments of the present invention use a polymer mixture to mix two polymers, 37 1362524 gjii322Qsgggggg^-iQl0l provide vertical and horizontal orientation capabilities, respectively, when forming the alignment layer, it being understood that other polymers may be used to prepare the orientation. Floor. For example, in addition to JALS9203, other commercial products can be used as the horizontal alignment material, and other commercial products can be used as the vertical alignment material in addition to JALS2021. For another example, a homopolymer may be used having a side chain structure that provides horizontal orientation and another side chain structure that provides vertical orientation. The side chains of the homopolymer can be treated to achieve an ideal pretilt angle. As another example, a copolymer may be used which includes a grass body which provides vertical orientation ability and another monomer which provides horizontal orientation ability. The constituent monomers in the copolymer can also be controlled to achieve a desired pretilt angle. Although in the examples of il, the oriented material of the commercial scallop has been dissolved in a solvent, it is also possible to select the alignment material and the solvent, respectively, as described in Fig. 4 . Solvents which can be used are those which are easily miscible with both the horizontally oriented material and the vertically oriented material. The solvent should be easily miscible with both materials such that when the two materials are dissolved in the solvent, a homogeneous solution comprising droplets of a size such as nanometers will be formed. When the alignment layer is formed from such a solution, the nano-sized structure of the two materials can be observed using a standard atomic force microscope method. Indratmoko Hari poerwant〇 and Gudrun Schmidt-Naake (Telaah, Jilid ΧΧΠ, No. 1-2, 2001) provide a practical solution for predicting polymer miscibility. Based on the prior knowledge, it is believed that those skilled in the art will be able to select a suitable solvent in accordance with the present invention with an ideal blendability. 38 1362524 No. 93132205 Application Revision 101.01.12. Dissolving the vertical and horizontal orientations material. Example 4 A liquid crystal cell 1 (unit cell I) was produced by the following method: Composition: 5 • Liquid crystal: Merck MLC-6080; nematic; isotropic phase transition Temperature: 95. Δε (dielectric anisotropy): 7, 2; Δη (refractive index anisotropy): 0.2024; Ku: 14.4; Κ 33: 19.1 • First substrate: purchased from CSG Shenzhen Wellight Conductive Coating c〇., Ltd; Item No.: STN&lt;30Q; Size: 10 14&quot;χ 16&quot;x l.imm • Second substrate: Same as above • Orientation layer: The following examples 1-3 are prepared to provide 17. And 60. Pre-tilt orientation layer • UV epoxy: purchased from BOIS Technology Ltd 15 • spacer: purchased from BOIS Technology Ltd; article number PF70 Procedure: Standard LCD cell construction process: the glass substrate was Wash it and apply a 20 orientation layer. The alignment layer is rubbed to form an empty unit cell "the unit cell is filled with liquid crystal in the vacuum chamber. The end of the unit cell is sealed with an epoxy resin. The cyclic resin is treated with ultraviolet light. The polarizer was laminated at a suitable angle: input polarizer angle: 45. ; output polarizer angle: -45. . Construction of unit cell I: 39 1362524 • Cell gap: 7 microns • Pretilt angle: 17. And 60. • Orientation of the liquid crystal layer: at all operating voltages in a bent state The second substrate is an active matrix substrate comprising thin film transistors on a substrate 5, such as glass arranged in a matrix. The state of the unit cell (bending or beveling) is confirmed by observing the color of the unit cell, which is related to the retardation of the liquid crystal cell. Green indicates that the unit cell is in an oblique state. White indicates that the unit cell is in a bent state. When a voltage is applied, the white color turns gray and then black. 10 In the unit cell 1, the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the top alignment layer and the bottom alignment layer have a pretilt angle of 17, respectively. And 60. . This is the case where the pretilt angles are extremely unequal. Figure 11 shows the relationship between the transmission of the unit cell I and the voltage. Figure 12 shows the switching time of the unit cell I constructed. Since the switching can be very fast, even for transient voltages, we plot 8 grayscale 15 switching times. The results are shown in Figure 13. It can be seen that the maximum time required is 3ms ’ and the fastest time is much less than lms. The transmission versus voltage curve in Figure 11 (and Figure 14) is obtained by using the Autr〇nics DMS5〇i machine. Figures 12A and 12B are oscilloscope traces showing the switching dynamics of the unit cell (1). The reaction time in Figure 13 was obtained by using a red laser 20 (632 nm) 'fast detector and oscilloscope in this cell I, the orientation of which is maintained in B state for all operating voltages, including zero voltage. . Therefore the switching time is very fast. Unlike the conventional π unit cell, the conversion of the unit cell from the s state to the B state does not require any conditions. 40 1362524 Application No. 93132205 Amendment Page 例 Example 5 The second liquid crystal cell 11 (cell Π) is manufactured by the following method: Composition: . First substrate. Purchased from CSG Shenzhen Wellight Conductive 5 Coating Co_, Ltd; STN&lt;3〇n; Size: 14&quot;xl6&quot;xl.lmm • Second substrate: Same as above • Liquid crystal: MerckMLC-6080; Nematic; isotropic phase transition temperature: 95. Α ε (dielectric 10 anisotropy): 7·2 ; Δη (refractive index anisotropy): 〇 2024 ; Κ π : 14.4 ; Κ 33 · 19.1 • Orientation layer: The following examples 1-3 are prepared to provide greater than 53. Pretilt Orientation Layer • UV Epoxy Resin: Purchased from B〇IS Techn〇1〇gy Ltd 15 • Spacer (sPacer): purchased from BOIS Technology Ltd; Catalog No. PF50 Procedure: Standard LCD Cell Construction Process: The Glass The substrate is cleaned and coated with an alignment layer. The alignment layer is rubbed to form an empty unit cell. The unit cell 20 is filled with liquid crystal in a vacuum to medium. The ends of the unit cells are sealed with an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is treated with ultraviolet light. The polarizer is laminated at a suitable angle: input polarizer angle 45. ; Output polarizer angle: _45. . Structure of unit cell (II): • Cell gap: 5 μm 41 1362524 “Page 93132205 Page 1〇1·〇ΐ·ΐ2· • Pretilt angle of two orientation layers: 53. 45 degrees to each other • Orientation of the liquid crystal layer: at all operating voltages in a bent state. Figure 14 shows the transmission versus cell voltage curve of cell II. The curve is not much different from that of the crystal cell. However, due to the smaller total birefringence, The absolute transmission of the crystal 5 cell is lower than that of the unit cell I. Figure 15 summarizes the switching time obtained by the unit cell η. It can be seen that the reaction time is faster, generally less than 2 ms. Using a standard friction The machine, the alignment layer is rubbed such that the directions of the top alignment layer and the bottom alignment layer are at an angle of 45. Thus, 'allows a certain amount of twist angle for the liquid crystal cell." Is such that the cell transfer energy can be corrected and transmitted as a twisted nematic cell, rather than the transmission of an electrically controlled birefringent cell. Thus, the cell gap can be smaller and the reaction time can be faster. Can use LCD mode The optical characteristics of this second embodiment are optimized. In this simulation, the cell gap and the twist angle of the liquid crystal cell are allowed to be changed. 15 The requirement is that the contrast is good and the brightness of the bright state is close to one. 6 A reflective liquid crystal display I (LCDI) is manufactured by the following methods: Composition: • First substrate: purchased from CSG Shenzhen Wellight Conductive 20 Coating Co., Ltd; article number: STN&lt;30Q; size: 14&quot;xl6', xl. Lmm • second substrate: a piece of glass with a coating of the name • liquid crystal: MLC-6080; nematic; isotropic phase transition temperature: 95°; Δε (dielectric anisotropy): 7.2; Δη (refractive index) To the opposite sex): 0.2024; 42 1362524 No. 93132205 application amendment page _101.01.12.

Kn : 14.4 ; Κ 33 : 19.1 • Orientation layer: According to Examples 1-3, it is prepared to provide 5 〇. Pre-tilt orientation layer • Mirror: Directly vapor-deposited aluminum film onto the glass. Internal implementation. 5 • Ultraviolet epoxy resin··Buy from BOIS Technology Ltd' • Spacer: purchased from BOIS Technology Ltd; Catalog No. PF50 • The process of preparing the LCD unit cell is the same as that described in Examples 4 and 5. Further, as shown in Fig. 1C (12), a mirror surface is placed behind the liquid crystal cell. In other examples, the mirror may be placed inside the liquid crystal cell and at the top of the substrate as part of the active matrix substrate. The polarizer is an input polarizer placed in a position as shown in Figure 1 (Figure (2). In this example, there is no output polarizer. Construction: • Cell gap: 3 microns 15 • Pretilt angle of two orientation layers: 50. (opposite sign) • Orientation of the liquid crystal layer: at all operating voltages in a curved state because the beam passes through the unit cell twice, the required birefringence ratio is unit cell 1 The example is less required. This is important for the reaction rate of the liquid crystal cell. Because the cell gap can now be halved, the speed can be almost four times faster. (Normally, the reaction time of a liquid crystal cell is The square of the cell gap is inversely proportional.) And, since the path length now becomes twice the length of the cell 1 and the aa cell II, there may be more options for the birefringence of the liquid crystal material. The description of the resulting alignment layer can be used in many applications. Example 43 1362524 Male &quot;93132205 Application Revision Page ΟΟΙ. For example, it can be used in a liquid crystal cell of an LCD device. The LCD device of the alignment layer has many advantages such as improved reaction speed, wide viewing angle, and excellent image without image sticking properties. Other applications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art will not be described in detail herein. The specification and the practice of the invention are disclosed herein. The embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Brief Description] FIGS. 1A and 1C are cross-sectional views showing a part of a liquid crystal display device according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view showing a liquid crystal crystal according to another aspect of the present invention. A cross-sectional view of a portion of the cell. Figure 3 shows the liquid crystal director in the Cartesian coordinate. 15 Figure 3A shows a polarizer, analyzer, light and observer relative to another aspect of the present invention. The position of the liquid crystal cell. Fig. 4 shows a process of fabricating a liquid crystal alignment layer according to another aspect of the present invention. 5A, 5B and 5C The figure is a set of photographs showing examples of nano and micro regions of a solid film formed of a liquid crystal layer agent according to another aspect of the present invention. Fig. 6A shows another aspect according to the present invention. The relationship between the pretilt angle and the concentration of the vertical alignment material (JALS2021). The alignment film is formed by spin coating. 44 1362524 \% 93132205 Ef I#f¥iTw — ~~~L__i2〇U2: 6B The figure shows the relationship between the pretilt angle and the concentration of the vertical alignment material (JALS2021) according to another aspect of the present invention. Here, the alignment film is formed by a roll printing method. Fig. 7 shows according to the present invention. In another aspect, the relationship between the polar error 5 constant energy and the concentration of the vertical alignment material (JALS2021), Figs. 8A and 8B respectively show the liquid crystal layer according to another aspect of the present invention. (A) oblique expansion and (B) bending deformation orientation. Fig. 9 is a view showing the elastic deformation energy of the curved and oblique orientation of a liquid crystal layer according to another aspect of the present invention. 10 Figure 10 shows a bend orientation at (A) zero voltage and (B) high voltage in accordance with another aspect of the present invention. Fig. 11 is a view showing the relationship between the transmission and the voltage of the unit cell (1) prepared by the example 4 according to another aspect of the present invention. Figures 12A and 12B are oscilloscope traces showing the switching dynamics of the unit cell (I) prepared by Example 4 in accordance with another aspect of the present invention. Figure 13 is a three-dimensional diagram showing the relationship between the reaction time (μ8), the percentage of the start level and the end level according to another aspect of the present invention 'i' from the unit cell prepared by Example 4 (1) from gray scale ( Greylevel) to grayscale switching time. 2〇 According to another aspect of the invention, Fig. 14 shows the relationship between the transmission and the voltage of the unit cell (II) prepared according to Example 5. Figure 15 is a three-dimensional diagram showing the relationship between the reaction time (inhibition) and the percentage of the end level in accordance with another aspect of the present invention 'i', the unit cell prepared by Example 5 (11) from the gray Degree to grayscale switching time. 45 1362524 Application No. 93132205 Amendment page 101.01.12. [Explanation of main component symbols] 1...Liquid crystal cell 40...Vertical alignment material 2,3...Polarizer 42...Vertical material solution 4···Top substrate 44...Horizontal Orienting material 5...bottom substrate 46··· mixture 6,7...conductive electrode 45...horizontal material solution 8···top alignment layer 46···mix solution 9··· bottom alignment layer 47...liquid film 10...liquid crystal layer 48...solid film 10B...liquid crystal molecule 50...solid film 12...external mirror 52...liquid crystal alignment layer 13,14...retardment film 46

Claims (1)

1362524 Application No. 93132205 Amendment Page 10, Patent Application Range: 1. A curved state liquid crystal device comprising a liquid crystal cell comprising: a. a first substrate having a first alignment layer thereon; a second substrate having a second alignment layer, C. a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, the first alignment layer leading a first The liquid crystal pretilt angle has an absolute value of 17. -60. In the range, the second orientation layer leads to a second liquid crystal pretilt angle 仏 having an absolute value of 17. _6〇. Within the range; the angles ^ and ^ 1 are opposite in the same coordinate system, and the liquid crystal layer can maintain a stable bending state at zero bias; wherein the sum θ2 satisfies the equation: K-^„Xsin2 ^ +^2^) + 2(^--20,+Ku)=〇 is in the range of 5. That is, in the example, the values of (4) and 1 can be slightly deviated from the exact value given by this equation. In particular, the keratinization and the heart can be allowed to be substantially greater than the exact value given by this equation, for example, within 5°; and wherein d the bending elastic constant of the liquid crystal and the foot &quot; is the diagonal of the liquid crystal 2. The liquid crystal device according to the above-mentioned patent scope, wherein the 仏 and the core are substantially the same, and are in the range of 30 to 60. ” 3. According to the scope of claim 1 The liquid crystal device, wherein when AW1.3, the 仏 and 仏 are 47±5 〇〇田4. The liquid crystal device according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the application page of the application of the claim No. 93132205 101.01.12. Especially 33/foot 7 corpse 1.3, 0 corpse 17±5. And the ratio = 60 ± 5. . 5. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the alignment layers comprises a mixture of a horizontal alignment material and a vertical alignment material, the horizontal alignment material being capable of providing 0° at a position in contact therewith The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules of -8°, which is capable of providing a pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules at a contact angle of 85° to 90°. 6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one alignment layer of the alignment layers comprises a nanometer-sized structure having a size of 0-1 μm. 7. The liquid crystal device of claim 6, wherein the nano-sized structure comprises at least one of the horizontal and vertical alignment materials. 8. The liquid crystal device according to claim 5, wherein the horizontal alignment material of the alignment layer is JALS9203. The liquid crystal device according to claim 5, wherein the vertical alignment material of the alignment layer is JALS-2021. 10. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy. Wherein the liquid crystal cell 20, the liquid crystal device layer according to claim 1 has a thickness of between 1 and 15 μm. Wherein the liquid crystal device according to claim 1 is a solid film having a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. 13. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the first and second alignment layers are tilted by a mirror 48 1362524, No. 93132205, an amendment page 101.01.12. symmetry. 14. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the pretilt angles on both sides of the liquid crystal layer are inclined in a manner such that when projected onto a surface of the alignment layer, the pre-preparation The direction of the inclination is parallel to 5. 15. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the substrates is an active matrix backplane comprising a thin film transistor arranged in a matrix. 16. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the unidirectional layer is to mechanically rub the alignment layers with a cloth. 17. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the alignment layers is performed by exposing the alignment layers to an ultraviolet light beam of polarized light. 18. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the 15th layer is performed by irradiating the alignment layers at an angle by an ion beam in a vacuum chamber. 19. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, further comprising an input polarizer and an output polarizer, wherein the axes of the two polarizers are disposed in a rubbing direction with the alignment layers of the liquid crystal cell 20 positive or negative 35-55° angle. 20. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflecting device disposed outside the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflecting device disposed in the liquid crystal cell, the active matrix 49 1362524, the 93312205 application revision page 101.01.12. . 22. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, further comprising a compensation retardation film. 23. A curved state liquid crystal device comprising a liquid crystal cell, the package 5 comprising: a. a first substrate having a first alignment layer thereon, which is processed to give a first alignment layer a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with each other and an azimuth angle b / b. a second substrate having a second alignment layer thereon, which is treated by 10 to give liquid crystal molecules in contact with the second alignment layer a pretilt of ^ and an azimuthal angle; C. at least one of the alignment layers comprises a mixture of a vertical alignment material and a horizontal alignment material, the vertical alignment material being capable of providing a pretilt angle of 85°-90°, The horizontal alignment material is capable of providing a pre-tilt angle of 0°-8°; d.—a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second alignment layers; wherein the Θ/ and ^ satisfy the following equation: (A: 33 -K,, Xsin2(9, + sin26&gt;2) + 2(π- 26», - 1Θ2 + Α:,,) = 0 in the range of 5°; that is, in the example, the equiangular ^ and The value can be 20 to deviate slightly from the exact value given by this equation; in particular, the isosceles and heart can be allowed to be substantial The ground is larger than the exact value given by this equation, for example, within 5°; and wherein the ruler 33 is the bending elastic constant of the liquid crystal, and the ruler &quot; is the oblique elastic constant of the liquid crystal. 50 1362524 Application No. 93132205 </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; The curved state liquid crystal device, wherein the azimuth angles A and A are substantially equal. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the &lt;9/ and ^ are substantially the same, and The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein when .3, the 仏 and 仏 are 47±5. 28. According to the scope of claim 23 The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the film is in the range of 10; At least one orientation layer of the iso-oriented layer comprises a nano-sized structure having a size of 0-1 The liquid crystal device according to claim 29, wherein the nano 15 size structure comprises at least one of the horizontal and vertical alignment materials. 31. According to claim 23 The liquid crystal device of the present invention, wherein the horizontal alignment material of the alignment layer is JALS9203. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the oriented 20-layer vertical alignment material is JALS-2021. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a thickness of between 1 and 15 μm. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the alignment layer is a solid film having a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the first and second alignment layers are obliquely mirror-symmetrical. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the pretilt angle on both sides of the liquid crystal layer is inclined in a manner that is projected onto the surface of the alignment layer, the pre-preparation The direction of the inclination is parallel. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein at least one of the substrates is an active matrix backing plate comprising a thin film transistor arranged in a matrix of a matrix. 39. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the processing of the alignment layers is to mechanically rub the alignment layers with a cloth. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the treatment of the alignment layers is performed by exposing the alignment layers to a 5 ultraviolet light beam of polarized light. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the processing of the alignment layers is performed by irradiating the alignment layers at an angle by an ion beam in a vacuum chamber. 42. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, wherein the step further comprises 0 wheel polarizers and one output polarizer, wherein the axes of the two polarizers are disposed with the alignment layer of the liquid crystal cell The rubbing direction is positive or negative 35-55. angle. 43. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, further comprising a reflecting device disposed outside the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, further comprising a reflecting device disposed on the active matrix backing plate inside the liquid crystal cell. 45. The liquid crystal device according to claim 23, further comprising 5 a compensation retardation film. 46. A method for producing a stable bending state in a curved state liquid crystal device, the curved state liquid crystal device comprising a first substrate having a first alignment layer thereon, and a second alignment layer thereon a second substrate, the method comprising: 10 e. sandwiching a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between the first and second alignment layers; f. drawing in a range of 17°-60° a first liquid crystal pretilt angle; g. a second liquid crystal pretilt angle of 15 in the range of 17°-60°; and h. orienting the liquid crystal in a curved state, which is at zero bias and The operating voltage remains stable; wherein the pretilt angle is extracted by providing an alignment layer comprising 20 horizontally oriented materials capable of providing a 0°-8° pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules in contact therewith and capable of being provided in contact therewith A liquid crystal molecule having a pre-tilt angle of 85°-90°. 53