1267228 also directly create compound antenna elements, such as spiral with fractal elements. 七、 指定代表圖： (一） 本案指定代表圖為：第（10)圖。 (二） 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明： 10 11 20 21 碎形天線主體 碎形天線金屬片 外部碎形周線 挖洞（無金屬） 内部碎形周線 天線信號饋入點 八、 本案若有化學式時，請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化 學式：（略） 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種多層周線碎形天線設計方法，尤指 一種根據碎形理論，利用電腦數值計算及電腦圖形處理， 及相關的射頻積體電路被動元件的整合，使用於無線寬頻 微型天線之設計。 、、 【先前技術】 無線產品如手機、網路（WiFi，WiMAX)、無線識別 (RFID)、數位電視（DVB—T/DVB_H)等全球年需求量巨大。以 手機而言，2005年全球需求量在1〇億隻之譜。此類產品徐 外形朝短、小、輕薄的方向發展外，並朝多功能方向邁 3 !267228 進；譬如手機在900/1800/1900 MHz三頻及寬頻，無線網路 在2· 4/5 GHz，RFID在915 MHz及2.45 GHz等新需求對無 線射頻積體電路產品、天線、濾波器、開關等關鍵性零組 件也相對的有高度整合的需求。相關的整合技術已陸續出 現於研發刊物及新產品中。整合所產生的成本效益為產品 市場佔有率的決定重要因素。1267228 also directly create compound antenna elements, such as spiral with fractal elements. VII. Designated representative map: (1) The designated representative figure in this case is: (10). (2) Brief description of the symbol of the representative figure: 10 11 20 21 Fragmented antenna main body broken antenna metal piece external broken shape peripheral hole burrowing (no metal) Internal broken shaped peripheral antenna signal feeding point VIII. When there is a chemical formula, please disclose the chemical formula that best shows the characteristics of the invention: (omitted) IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a method for designing a multi-layered perimeter broken antenna, especially according to the theory of fractal The use of computer numerical calculation and computer graphics processing, and the integration of passive components of related RF integrated circuits, used in the design of wireless broadband micro antennas. [Previous technology] Wireless products such as mobile phones, Internet (WiFi, WiMAX), wireless identification (RFID), digital television (DVB-T/DVB_H) and other global annual demand are huge. In terms of mobile phones, the global demand in 2005 was only 100 million. The shape of this kind of product is developing in the direction of short, small and light, and it is 3!267228 in the multi-functional direction; for example, the mobile phone is at 900/1800/1900 MHz tri-band and broadband, and the wireless network is at 2. 4/5 At GHz, new requirements for RFID at 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz are also highly integrated with respect to key components such as RF integrated circuit products, antennas, filters, and switches. Related integration technologies have emerged in research and development publications and new products. The cost-effectiveness of integration is an important factor in determining the market share of a product.
^ 整合過程中，天線是第一個要解決的問題。以手機隱 藏式天線為例，新型天線（如PIFA)及射出成形的機殼做 機械式的組裝及整合已成主要趨勢。相關的專利於2〇〇4及 2005年度陸續公告中。如果要將手機電視（DVB-Η)的頻段 =HF 及UHF)與 GSM 系統手機頻段（900/1800/1900 MHz)，目 前手機廠通常以拉桿式天線或特殊耳機天線才能接收電視 訊號的波長。^ Antenna is the first problem to be solved during the integration process. Taking mobile hidden antennas as an example, the mechanical assembly and integration of new antennas (such as PIFA) and injection molded casings has become a major trend. Relevant patents were published in the 2nd and 4th annual announcements. If you want to use the mobile TV (DVB-Η) band = HF and UHF) and the GSM system mobile phone band (900/1800/1900 MHz), mobile phone manufacturers usually use a rod antenna or a special earphone antenna to receive the wavelength of the TV signal.
傳統的天線設計都以諧振頻率來決定天線長度，以 VHF及UHF為例，要將半波長25公分（600MHz)的天線縮小 至數公分之可攜式天線，並將窄頻手機天線設計成為可以 大頻，接收的寬頻電視接收天線，乃是目前全世界業者面 臨的高難度技術挑戰。新式天線設計如微型天線，碎形 fractal)式天線以在歐美陸續研發中。圖i至圖3顯示以 微型之碎形式天線應用於Pc、手機、網路（WiFi，WiMAX)、 無線識別（RFID)等領域。 碎形（Fractal)式天線設計方式，以Koch&Sierpinski 碎形較為常見。圖4為做在曲面上之Koch式碎形無線天 線。圖5為Sierpinski式碎形盔線天線。 由於工業界的整合的需求了這些新發展的天線已盥豆 他射頻零組件進行整合。圖6顯示Sierpinski式碎ϋ 天線與濾波器整合之設計。圖7為超寬頻（UWB)無綠 與平面板模組之整合（日本Hitachi公司2005年8、月發* 表）〇 4 1267228 以公告之專利而言，台灣專利僅在系統中提到碎形天 線。國外部分以美國在西元2000年後陸續出現。歐盟方 面，除美國境外申請案外，以如何產生碎形為多。美國表 考專利如下：US6，104,349，US6，127,977，1^6，140，'975> US 6, 300, 914，US 6,445, 352，US 6, 452, 553，US 6, 476, 766，US 6, 525, 691，US 6, 552, 690，US 6, 585, 874 US 6,590,531，US 6,642,898，US 6,710,744，US， 6, 762, 719等數件。這些專利可以大略區分為三類：第一類 為碎形產生機制如第一階碎形圖形，柯許（g〇ch)，明考斯 基（Minkoski )，康特（Cantor )，扭曲方形（t〇rn square )，曼德布羅特（Mandelbrot)， 加利樹 (Caley tree )，猴子振動（monkey，s swing )，史平斯 基圈（Sieirpinski gasket )及朱利亞（juiia )為基素 (Fractal Generator Motif)，經過比例伸縮，平移，旋 轉’重覆運作’串接專產生局階圖形。第二類為碎形應用 於無線及電子相關的設計及整合，如天線，渡波器，及其 他的被動元件如電容及電阻。第三類為碎形設計產品應用 於模組或系統中。有些專利包含兩種以上的類別。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於提供一種多層周線碎形天線設計方 法，其係包含碎形的產生機制及碎形應用於設計及整合。 設計及整合的部分’以無線寬頻微型天線為主要申請範 圍。 在碎形的產生機制方面，本發明係依照赫曼環 (Herman Ring)及相關的非線性碎形理論（Fractal Theory)，以複變方程式（Complex variable equations)計 算產生的結果，直接用在設計寬頻微型天線的碎形元件 (Fractal Elements)。此類碎形元件可以使用於天線及相關 5 Ϊ267228 砗彡^員被動元件（如濾波器）之設計。本發明有別於其他 出=兀件之專利在於產生碎形元件的方式與一般專利所提 =方式不同。所以不須要使用一般專利所提出的碎形產 土素。其產生機制以選定的2維或3維的點集合為複變 程式輸入數據。這些點集合經過複變方程式的運作後， 不同的點集合：0)輸入點集合滿足特定條件者及 輸出點集合滿足特定條件者。這些特性包括非線性的 禝數初始條件（Initial conditions)及收斂條件The traditional antenna design uses the resonant frequency to determine the antenna length. In the case of VHF and UHF, a half-wavelength 25-cm (600MHz) antenna is reduced to a portable antenna of several centimeters, and the narrow-band mobile phone antenna is designed to be Large frequency, receiving broadband TV receiving antennas is a difficult technical challenge facing the world's operators. New antenna designs such as miniature antennas and fractal antennas are being developed in Europe and the United States. Figures i to 3 show the use of miniature antennas in Pc, mobile, network (WiFi, WiMAX), wireless identification (RFID) and other fields. Fractal antenna design is more common with Koch&Sierpinski fractals. Figure 4 shows a Koch-style fractal wireless antenna made on a curved surface. Figure 5 shows a Sierpinski-type broken helmet line antenna. Due to the integration needs of the industry, these newly developed antennas have been integrated with their RF components. Figure 6 shows the design of the Sierpinski-style broken antenna and filter integration. Figure 7 shows the integration of ultra-wideband (UWB) greenless and flat panel modules (Hitachi, Japan, 2005, monthly, * table) 〇 4 1267228 In terms of the patents announced, the Taiwan patent only refers to the fractal in the system. antenna. Foreign countries appeared in the United States after the year 2000. In the case of the EU, in addition to the application outside the United States, how to produce fractals is more. The US patents are as follows: US 6,104,349, US 6,127,977, 1^6,140, '975> US 6, 300, 914, US 6,445, 352, US 6, 452, 553, US 6, 476, 766, US 6, 525, 691, US 6, 552, 690, US 6, 585, 874 US 6, 590, 531, US 6, 642, 898, US 6, 710, 744, US, 6, 762, 719, etc. These patents can be roughly divided into three categories: the first category is the fractal generation mechanism such as the first-order fractal graphics, Ke Xu (g〇ch), Minkoski (Cinkoski), Contor (Cantor), twisted square ( T〇rn square ), Mandelbrot, Caley tree, monkey vibration (skey), Sieirpinski gasket and juiia as the basis (Fractal Generator Motif), after scaling, panning, and rotating 'repeated operation' concatenation to produce local-level graphics. The second category is fractals for wireless and electronic related design and integration, such as antennas, ferrites, and other passive components such as capacitors and resistors. The third type is a fractal design product that is applied to a module or system. Some patents contain more than two categories. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for designing a multi-layered perimeter broken antenna that includes a fractal generation mechanism and a fractal for design and integration. The design and integration section is based on wireless broadband micro antennas. In terms of the generation mechanism of the fractal, the invention is based on the Herman Ring and the related Fractal Theory, and the results calculated by the complex variable equations are directly used in the design. Fractal Elements of broadband micro antennas. Such fractal components can be used in antennas and related 5 Ϊ 267228 passive components such as filters. The invention differs from other patents in that the method of producing the fractal element is different from the method of the general patent. Therefore, it is not necessary to use the fractal product proposed by the general patent. Its generation mechanism uses the selected 2D or 3D point set as the input data for the complex program. After these sets of points have passed the operation of the complex equation, different sets of points: 0) The set of input points meets the specific conditions and the set of output points meets certain conditions. These characteristics include nonlinear initial conditions and convergence conditions.
CaDnvergence conditions)。這些點集合除了呈現碎形圖形 的特f生外，並且因為滿足特定的條件，不但具有碎形的自 我相似性（Self-Similarity)及部份自我相似性（Partial Self-Similarity)外，更具有設計最佳化（〇ptimizati〇n) 的特性。這個方法也可以產生複合型天線，即碎形加上 統的寬頻=計，如螺旋形天線（Spiral Antenna)。 哥 以目前多頻手機天線的設計，多以目標頻率所相 1/4至1/8波長的天線分枝並聯來產生多頻道。 型天線（服）及3較板式祕（Pateh Antenna)的設^ 是依照相_原理。碎形較-般天線不規則，這個特 能J生許多的階層的分枝(Branches)而增加主頻 頻寬及阻抗匹配的彈性。 领午的 以傳統白^天線設計而言，設計最佳化須要利用高 腦做相當長％_模擬。因為碎形圖案 具不規則性’所以目前傳統天_設計軟體平台 適合於碎形天線的設計。針對此限制 的創新理論及機制外並包含碎形設計的平生 法。 ’丨L壬 本發明的原理，機制，及實施方法呈下 (1 )以赫曼環碎形理論原理產’多J ^二· ⑴不需碎形基素來產生碎形線碎形。 1267228 式條件來產生設計最佳化。 的=以件來產生碎形及傳統的複合形 【實施方式】 電腦數值選1的軟體設計的平台上以 析以電腦程式選定2維赤iysis)的方式進行之。數值分 些點集合可以用複數平面”合；2 J的點集合這 數輪入點。非線性赫曼來f表，也就是函 尤少/代入函數！；^外曾所形函數以於乃）為將輸入點 點的邊界領域代i:以的if ’也就是輸出點。輸入 (Kk^.Ki為初始條件条5 ^點你.的絕對值 以外’在單位圓（圓半徑ϋ所有的輸人點為所有除零點 斂條件，馨如輪出點γ 之内的點。輸出點要滿足收 斂條件，代值丨F(·，)丨〈i為收 的點。經過數值運算後，ϋ =早位圓（圓半徑為1)之内 件者及（2)輪出點隹人t ρ )輪入點集合滿足特定初始條 (以下稱斂條件者。這些點集合 形。赫曼碎形的特點是此碎本發賴指的赫曼碎 形（如圖8所示）。 碎形匕3不同層次多層周線的碎 其次將這此赫曼環點集合CaDnvergence conditions). In addition to the special characteristics of the fractal pattern, these point sets not only have the self-Similarity and Partial Self-Similarity, but also have the specific conditions. Design optimization (〇ptimizati〇n) features. This method can also produce a composite antenna, that is, a fractal plus a wideband meter, such as a spiral antenna (Spiral Antenna). In the current design of multi-frequency mobile phone antennas, antennas with 1/4 to 1/8 wavelengths of the target frequency are connected in parallel to generate multiple channels. The type of antenna (service) and the 3 set of Pateh Antenna are based on the phase principle. The fractal shape is more irregular than the general antenna. This feature J has many branches of branches and increases the flexibility of the main frequency bandwidth and impedance matching. In the case of the traditional white ^ antenna design, the design optimization needs to use the high brain to do quite a long time. Because the fractal pattern is irregular, the current traditional design platform is suitable for the design of broken antennas. In addition to the innovative theories and mechanisms for this limitation, the method of the fractal design is included. The principle, mechanism, and implementation method of the present invention are as follows: (1) Produced by the theory of Hermann's ring shape theory, "multiple J ^ 2 · (1) no fractal element is required to produce a fractal shape. 1267228 Conditional conditions to produce design optimization. = The piece is used to generate the fractal and the traditional composite form. [Embodiment] The software design platform of the computer numerical selection is performed on the platform of the computer program to select the 2-dimensional red iysis. The value can be divided into a number of points. The complex plane can be used to combine the points of the 2 J points. The non-linear Herman is the f table, which is the function of the letter/substitute function. In order to substitute the boundary field of the input point i: the if ' is the output point. Input (Kk^.Ki is the initial condition bar 5 ^ point you are outside the absolute value' in the unit circle (circle radius ϋ all The input point is all the conditions for the division of the zero point, and the point of the circle is the point within the γ. The output point should satisfy the convergence condition, and the substitute value 丨F(·,)丨i is the point of acceptance. After the numerical operation, ϋ = The inner circle of the early circle (with a radius of 1) and (2) the round point of the person t ρ ) The set of wheel points meets the specific initial bar (hereinafter referred to as the condition of convergence. These points are shaped. Herman's shape The characteristic is that the fragmentation of the Hermanian shape (as shown in Figure 8). The shape of the broken 匕3 different levels of the multi-layered weekly line will be the collection of this Herman ring point
Array )。進一步在本發二列（Antenna 做電腦數值分析。將不同來的軟體設計的平台上 評估頻率反應等^ 式’檢驗碎形天線列的特性，並 萃取=1=5評:後，進行赫曼環點集合的邊界 腦圖形邊界測試方式方式是在軟體的平台上以電Array ). Further in the second column of this issue (Antenna does computer numerical analysis. The frequency response is evaluated on the platform of the different software design, and the characteristics of the broken antenna column are checked and extracted = 1=5: after The boundary brain pattern boundary test method of the set of ring points is to use electricity on the platform of the software.
Udge Detection)將赫曼環點集合的 1267228 該碎形天線主體丄線主體1如圖1。所示’其中 線金屬片ίο之外周缘線金屬片1〇，而該碎形天 金屬片ίο上形成數個線η，而碎形天線 形成内部碎形周線2卜 ^20，而各挖洞20之周緣 明所指多層周線即包含今即為—碎形天線圖檔。本發 21。將此圖槽按照校周線η及内部碎形周線 般天線圖檔，再絲過於二 據做比例調整，即可成為一 體，進行天線特dt (imp〇rt)程序，利用天線模擬軟 進-步與其他的射頻被動元：形天、:：檔亦可在此階段， 而加入天線传貝件’如慮波器’做設計整合， 擬。认就饋入點3或其他接地點，然後輸入做模 人πϊί上述’本發明「多層周線碎形天線哼钟方沬^ 數所設ί:條：赫曼環碎形相關的非線ii 合；利用哕幹稷艾數點集合將其做為輸入點集 的運算，。生二巧赫ί環碎形相關的非線性函數 利用該輸出收斂條件，產生輸入碎形點集合； 件，產生輸出；开;⑵定始條件及函數收敏條 周線碎Hi部碎形周線形成的圖形，以作成一多層 【圖式簡單說明】 網路咖）之碎形（Fractai)天線示意圖。 ΞΠ手機之碎形(Fr補天線示意圖。 回係白知K〇ch式碎形無線天線製作於曲面上示音圖。 1267228 圖5係習知Sierpinski式碎形無線天線示意圖。 圖6係習知Sierpinski式碎形無線天線與濾、波器整合示意 圖。 圖7係習知UWB無線天線（圓圈標定處）與平面板整合示 意圖。 圖8係本發明中滿足初始或收斂條件碎形輸入點集合或輸 出點集合示意圖。 圖9係本發明中天線列（Antenna Array)模擬軟體平台示意 圖10係本發明中萃取後之赫曼碎形外部碎形周線及内部碎 形周線示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 I :碎形天線主體 10 :碎形天線金屬片 II :外部碎形周線 20 :挖洞 21 :内部碎形周線 3 :天線信號饋入點 9Udge Detection) 1267228 which is a collection of Herman ring points. The fragmented antenna body is connected to the main body 1 as shown in Fig. 1. As shown in the 'inline metal sheet ίο, the peripheral edge of the metal sheet 1 〇, and the fractal metal sheet ίο forms a number of lines η, and the broken antenna forms an internal broken circumference 2 2 ^, and each digging The periphery of the hole 20 clearly refers to the multi-layered contour that contains the current fragmentary antenna pattern. This issue 21. According to the school cycle η and the internal broken-line antenna-like antenna file, the groove can be integrated into the whole, and the antenna special dt (imp〇rt) program can be used to simulate soft-net using the antenna. - Steps and other RF passive elements: Sky, :: files can also be at this stage, and join the antenna to pass the shell 'such as the wave filter' to do design integration. Recognize the feed point 3 or other grounding point, and then input the model πϊί. The above-mentioned 'multilayer contoured broken antenna 哼 沬 沬 沬 : : 条 条 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫 赫Combining the 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 稷 非线性 非线性 非线性 ί 非线性 非线性 非线性 非线性Output; open; (2) the starting condition and the function of the sensitization strip to break the pattern formed by the broken Hi-shaped contour of the Hi-section, to make a multi-layer [simplified description of the diagram] the network of the Fractai antenna diagram.碎Fracture of the mobile phone (Fr complement antenna schematic. Back to the white K〇ch-type fractal wireless antenna is produced on the curved surface. 1267228 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional Sierpinski-type fractal wireless antenna. Figure 6 is a conventional Schematic diagram of integration of Sierpinski-type fractal wireless antenna with filter and wave device. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of integration of a conventional UWB wireless antenna (circle calibration) with a flat panel. Figure 8 is a set of fractal input points that satisfy initial or convergence conditions in the present invention or Schematic diagram of the output point set. Figure 9 FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array (Antenna Array) simulation software platform according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the Hermannian fractal external broken contour and the internal broken contour line after extraction in the present invention. [Main component symbol description] I: Fragment antenna Main body 10: Fragmented antenna metal piece II: External broken contour 20: Tunnel 21: Internal broken contour 3: Antenna signal feed point 9