1238143 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種微機電系統（MEMS)，而更特定言之， 係關於微機電系統掃描鏡。 【先前技術】 已經有各種不同的微機電系統（MEMS)掃描鏡的靜電設 計。它們的應用包含條碼讀取機，雷射印表機，共焦顯微 鏡，光纖網路組件，投影機的投影顯示器，背投影電視 (TVs)，穿戴式顯示器，與軍事雷射追縱與導航系統。 MEMS掃描鏡通常是在其主要諧振（resonance)上驅動，以 獲得高的掃描角度。製造過程常常產生尺寸不合的MEMS 掃描鏡，而改變了個別裝置的自然頻率。如果少數MEMS 掃描鏡的主要自然頻率太低或太高，則在為少數MEMS掃 描鏡選擇的交流電（AC)驅動電壓下，少數裝置將不會產生 適當的掃描速度與適當的掃描角度。因此，需要一種裝置 與方法來調整MEMS掃描鏡的主要自然頻率，以改善這些 裝置的製造良率。 【發明内容】 在本發明之一具體實施例中，一微機電系統（MEMS)結 構包含一第一電極，一第二電極，與一移動式元件。第一 電極耦合到第一電壓源。第二電極耦合到第二電壓源。移 動式元件包含一第三電極，其耦合到第三電壓源（如，接 地）。第一電極與第三電極之間的穩定電壓差，係用來將結 構的自然頻率調成應用的掃描頻率。在應用的掃描頻率 89164 1238143 上，第二電極與第三電極之間的振盪電壓差，係用來振盪 移動式元件。在一具體實施例中，移動式單元是鏡面。 【實施方式】 圖4說明本發明之一具體實施例中的MEMS系統400。 MEMS系統400包含具有移動式元件之MEMS結構（如， MEMS結構100，200，或300)，其中移動式元件在電壓源 402所供應的電壓下，靜電地移動。電壓源402在不動電極 與移動式元件之移動電極之間，提供一電壓差，以將 MEMS結構100之自然頻率調整成理想之掃描頻率。電壓源 402亦於另一不動電極與移動式元件之移動電極之間，提 供所需之掃描頻率的交流（AC)電壓差，以所需之掃描角度 振盪移動式元件。 移動式元件的運動（如，掃描頻率與掃描角度）係藉由一 感應器404來測量，並回饋至一控制器406。控制器406比 較測量的運動與所需之移動式元件的運動，接著指示電壓 源402提供適當的電壓，以獲得所需之運動。雖然顯示為 個別的組件，MEMS結構100，電壓源402，感應器404，與 控制器406可以建構於相同的晶片或不同的晶片中。 圖1A與1B分別顯示一具體實施例中之MEMS結構100的 組合與分解圖。MEMS結構100可以用於任何需要單軸運動 的應用（如，單向掃描鏡）中。MEMS結構100包含一導電層 105，一絕緣層107，與一導電層109。在一具體實施例 中，導電層105與109係由摻雜的矽所製成，而絕緣層107 則是由二氧化矽（Si02)所製成。絕緣層107電子地隔絕導電 89164 1238143 層105與109上的組件。絕緣層1〇7也用來將導電層1〇5與 109完全地結合在一起。 圖1C說明導電層105之一具體實施例的俯視圖。導電層 105包含一掃描鏡101與一偏壓襯墊112。掃描鏡ι〇ι包含一 反射區域124，其分別藉由錨定1〇8八與1〇8β連接到扭轉樞 紐：102A與102B。鏡面1〇1繞著軸122旋轉。 在一具體貫施例中，扭轉樞紐1〇2A與102B包含一内部孔 114，以降低結構1〇〇之旋轉模態頻率。旋轉模態頻率是確 保掃描鏡101繞著軸122旋轉，而不與其他多餘旋轉與移動 結構振動耦合的最低模態頻率。 鏡面101包含位於轉軸122不同面上的移動刻槽1〇4A與 104B(合稱「移動刻槽1〇4」）。移動刻槽ι〇4Α與1〇4β分別 從棒狀物106A與106B延伸出來。棒狀物106八與1〇6B連接 到反射區域124，並且與扭轉樞紐i〇2A與102B平行。 偏壓襯墊112包含位於旋轉軸122不同面上的固定刻槽 103八與1033(合稱「固定刻槽1〇3」）。當偏壓襯墊112與鏡 面101在同一平面時（如，當鏡面1〇1不旋轉時），固定刻槽 103八與103丑分別與移動刻槽1〇4入與1048咬合。 在一具體實施例中，錨定108A耦合到接地116，而偏壓 襯墊112則耦合到直流（DC)電壓源118。dc電壓源118提供 DC偏壓給偏壓襯墊112。dc偏壓在固定刻槽103與移動刻 槽1 04之間，產生穩定的電壓差。固定刻槽j 〇3與移動刻槽 104之間穩定的電壓差，產生轉動鏡面ι〇1的靜電力矩，直 到靜電力矩等於平衡位置的回復力矩。實際上，固定刻槽 89164 1238143 103與移動刻槽i〇4之間穩定的電壓差，產生改變％£]^8結 構100之自然頻率的非線性靜電系統。因此，可以藉由增 加或減少固定刻槽103與移動刻槽1 〇4之間穩定的電壓差， 來校準（如’調整）MEMS結構1〇〇的自然頻率。 在一具體實施例中，在與結構1 〇〇相同的晶片上，建立 DC電壓源118。或者是，在與結構1〇〇分離的晶片上，建立 DC電壓源118。在一具體實施例中，DC電壓源118於產生 DC偏壓值的操作期間，是伺服機制控制的，而此一偏壓值 產生結構1 00之理想自然頻率。 圖1D說明中間層1〇7之一具體實施例的俯視圖。要不是 鏡面1 0 1為了電子地隔絕層1 0 1上的組件，絕緣層1 〇7具有 與導電層105相同的形狀。絕緣層107為鏡面1 〇丨的掃描動 作，定義十字開口 12 1。 圖1E說明導電層109之一具體實施例的俯視圖。導電層 109包含一驅動襯墊126，其定義十字開口 1U。驅動襯墊 126包含轉軸122不同面上的固定刻槽11〇A與u〇B(合稱 「固定刻槽11 〇」）。類似於開口 ！ 2 1，開口 u i是鏡面1 〇 i之 掃描運動的自由空間。當鏡面1〇1以第一方向轉動（如，順 時鐘）時，固定刻槽110A與移動刻槽i〇4a咬合，而當鏡面 101以第二方向轉動（如，逆時鐘）時，固定刻槽丨丨〇B與移動 刻槽104B咬合。刻槽110A與110B是電子地連接的。當襯塾 112與126之間施加一 AC驅動電壓時，如果移動結構相對於 軸122是對稱的，則一開始會產生移動的合力。此一移動 的合力對轉動是沒有用的。實際上，由於製造容許偏移 89164 1238143 量，結構並不是完全對稱的，而且將開始振盪。一旦結構 開始振盪，力矩增加，而移動合力則減少。此一小初始力 矩的潛在問題，可以藉由使力或結構對軸122稍微不對稱 來解決。舉例來說，可以使刻槽11〇八與11〇8的長度稍微不 同，以產生相對較大的初始力矩。鏡面形狀對軸122可以 稍微不對稱，以產生相同的效應。 在一具體實施例中，固定刻槽110與移動刻槽104形成振 盪掃描鏡101的靜電促動器（如，垂直梳狀驅動器）。在此一 具體實施例中，驅動襯墊126耦合到AC電壓源120，而錨定 108A則耦合到接地116。當啟動時，AC電壓源12〇提供一 AC驅動電壓，以驅動襯墊126於固定刻槽ιι〇與移動刻槽 104之間，產生一振盪電壓差^八(：驅動電壓通常具有與結 構100之自然頻率相等的頻率，以獲得最大的掃描角度。 刻槽110與104之間的振盪電壓差，造成一靜電力矩，此一 靜電力矩產生鏡面1 〇 1的掃描運動。 在一具體實施例中，AC電壓源120係建立於與結構1〇〇相 同的晶片上。或者是，AC電壓源12〇係建立於與結構1〇〇分 離的晶片上。在一具體實施例中，Ac電壓源12〇在產生AC 驅動電壓的操作其間，是伺服機制控制，其中該AC驅動電 壓產生所需之掃描速度與掃描角度。 圖1F說明用來配置與操作一具體實施例中之MEMs結構 100的方法150。結構100通常由一批結構1〇〇所產生的裝 置。下面將敘述，動作151與152發生於結構1〇〇之製造期 間，而動作153，154，156與160發生於結構1〇〇之使用期 89164 -10- 1238143 間。 在動作1 5 1中’设計者決定應用的掃描頻率與掃描角度 (如’對條碼是i千赫茲她）與5_ι〇度），並修改結構⑽的 基本u m特定之自然頻率’而此—頻率與掃描 頻率相同。設計者藉由改變樞紐的靈活度(如，樞紐的幾 何）或疋改毖結構的轉動慣量（如，鏡面的幾何），來改變 設計。動作151之後，緊接著是動作152。 在動作1 52中，设計者預先調整結構丨之電壓差與 AC電壓差的特性。設計者預先校準DC偏壓（圖5)，以將結 構1〇0之自然料調整成應用之掃描料。設計者預先調 整A*C驅動電壓的振幅與頻率（圖5)，以獲得結構⑽之理想 的掃描角度。設計者也可以預先調整Ac驅動電壓的垂直偏 ，量（圖5)，以獲得所需之中間的掃描位置，此一位置為振 盪大約發生之處。這些步驟是必要的，因為製造的不一 致’每-結構⑽與其他的不盡相同。接著，這些特性被 儲存到控制器406中，當作此_結構⑽之^偏壓與_區 動電壓的初始/預設特性值。 在動作153中，最終用戶可以在控制器4〇6中，儲存不同 的DC偏壓與AC驅動電壓特性值。最終用戶可能希望改變 所需之掃描頻率’所需之掃描角纟’與所需之中間掃描位 置。 在動作154中，控制器406指示電壓源4〇2供應dc偏壓與 AC驅動電壓。電壓源4〇2表示不同的〇(：與八〇電壓源（如， DC電壓源118與AC電壓源120)。 89164 -11- 1238143 DC偏壓以儲存❹制器_中的預設值開始，接著飼服 機制控制以確保轉動的自然頻率是掃描頻率。在操作階段 中’職壓之飼服機制控制是必要的，因為結構1〇〇的自 然頻率可能因為溫度變化，材料老化，或任何其他原因， 而偏離所需的數值。 AC驅動電壓以儲转控制器彻中的預設值開始，接著 飼服機制控制以確保獲得所需之掃描頻率與掃描角度。在 操作階段中’ AC驅動電壓之飼服機制控制是必要的，因為 掃描頻率，掃描角度，與中間的掃描位置可能因為溫度變 化材料老化，或任何其他原因，而偏離所需 作154之後，緊接著是動作158。 動 在動作158中，使用感應器404來監視掃描鏡的運動（如， 掃描頻率，掃描角度，師描的中間位置），而所測量的資 二則輸出到控制器406。動作158之後，緊接著是動作 在動作160中，控制器406從感應器404接收動作資訊。 控制器406計算並提供所需之 、 而<DC偏壓與所需之AC驅動電壓 給電壓源402。DC偏壓之朽日s…p ^ 伺服機制控制係藉由擾動DC偏壓 择辰幅，錢感應掃描角度的變化來完成。如果沉偏壓是 ,、，度也问時増加’則自然頻率接近掃描頻 目::《亦然θ、如果繪圖預示高Q係數的主要自然頻率， 則通常以D C偏壓變化控舍丨白姑、 奋士、 &制自然頻率來保持掃描的振幅，會 更有效。 AC驅動電壓之飼服機制控制係藉由擾動AC驅動電壓之 89164 -12- 1238143 振幅’頻率，與垂直偏移量，並感應掃描角度，掃描頻 率’與掃描中間位置的變化來達成。增加AC驅動電壓的振 幅’以增加轉動的角度，反之亦然。增加AC驅動電壓的頻 率’以增加掃描頻率，反之亦然。改變AC驅動電壓之垂直 偏移量，以最佳化掃描的中間位置。動作16〇之後，緊接 著是動作1 5 4，而且此一方法持續回饋循環。 圖1G說明結構100之導電層105之另一具體實施例的俯視 圖。圖1C與1G之間相同與類似之處以相同的參考數字指 示。在此一具體實施例中，反射區域124連接到棒狀物 128A與128B。移動刻槽104A與104B，其中此等刻槽從棒 狀物128八與1283之相反的一邊延伸出來。棒狀物128八與 128B之終端，藉由扭轉樞紐130A與130B，分別連接到錨定 108A與108B。每一扭轉樞紐130A與130B具有彎曲的形 狀’增加移動的難度，但保持樞紐1〇2a與102B的扭轉靈活 度。同樣地，如上所述，DC電壓源11 8耦合到偏壓襯墊 112，而接地116則耦合到錨定i〇8A。上述之方法150可以 用來配置與操作結構1〇〇，其中結構1〇〇具有圖1G之導電層 105 ° 圖1Η說明導電層1〇9之另一具體實施例的俯視圖。圖1E 與1Η之間相同或類似的部分，以相同的參考數字指示。在 此一具體實施例中，驅動襯墊126僅包含固定刻槽η〇Β。 此一組態提供大的初始轉矩，以引發鏡面轉動振盪。固定 刻槽110Β與移動刻槽ι〇4Β之間振盪的電壓差，單獨地產生 鏡面101的掃描運動。可是，可以增加振盪電壓差，以與 89164 -13- 1238143 圖1E中〈上逑具體實施例的相應振幅一致，因為此—具體 實施例中的層109以固定的刻槽丨1〇，僅施加一力於其^二 個反面。上述之方法150可以用來配置與操作結構，其 中該結構100具有圖1H之導電層109。 圖II說明導電層109之另一具體實施例的俯視圖。圖1E與 II之間相同或類似的部分，以相同的參考數字指示。在此 一具體實施例中，導電層1〇9分成兩個驅動襯墊U2a與 132B(合稱「驅動襯墊n2」），一起定義開口 ^。固定刻 槽U〇A與110B分別從驅動襯墊132A與132B的相反邊緣延 伸出來。驅動襯墊132A耦合到AC電壓源U4A，而驅動襯 墊132B則耦合到另一 AC電壓源n4B。AC電壓源134八與 134B具有相同的頻率，但是有ι8〇度的相位差，以提供最 高的扭轉驅動力與初始激勵轉矩。因此，固定刻槽u〇與移 動刻槽104之間的振盪電壓差，產生鏡面1〇1的掃描運動。 上述之方法150可以用來配置與操作結構1〇〇，其中該結構 1〇〇具有圖II之導電層109。 圖1J說明導電層109下面之額外的層136的俯視圖，其電 子地隔絕驅動襯墊132A與132B。在一具體實施例中，絕緣 層136係由本徵石夕（intrinsic siiic〇n)所製成。絕緣層ι36可以 包含一自由空間，保留給鏡面1 〇 1的運動。 圖2 A與2B分別說明一具體實施例中之MEMS結構的組合 與分解圖。類似於MEMS結構100，MEMS結構200可以用 於任何需要單軸掃描鏡的應用。MEMS結構200包含一導電 層205，一隔離與結合層207，以及一結構固定層209。在 89164 -14- 1238143 一具體實施例中，導電層2 Ο 5係由摻雜的石夕所製成，而隔 離層207則是由二氧化矽（Si02)所製成，以電子地使導電層 205的元件絕緣。層209對上面的兩層提供一支持結構。如 果層209係由不導電的本徵矽所製成，則層207將僅用作結 合層，而且在此一組態中是選擇性的。 圖2C說明導電層205之一具體實施例的俯視圖。導電層 205包含一掃描鏡201，偏壓襯墊212，與驅動襯墊232A與 23 2B。類似於鏡面101，鏡面201包含一反射區域224，其 分別藉由扭轉樞紐 202A與 202B連接到錨定 208A與 208B。 鏡面201繞著軸222旋轉。 在一具體實施例中，扭轉樞紐2Ό2Α與202B包含内部的孔 214，以降低旋轉模態頻率。鏡面201亦包含一組移動刻槽 204A與204B(合稱「移動刻槽204」）。移動刻槽204A與 204B從位於軸222不同側面上之棒狀物206A與206B中延伸 出來。棒狀物206A與206B連接到反射區域224，並且與扭 轉樞紐202A與202B平行。 内部的移動刻槽204B比較靠近反射區域224，並且與固 定刻槽210A與210B咬合（下面敘述）。外面的移動刻槽204A 離反射區域224比較遠，並且與固定刻槽203A與203B咬合 (下面敘述）。 在一具體實施例中，鏡面201是不對稱的，因為其通常 是移除一個或更多個角的方形。因此，鏡面2 0 1的重心偏 移到軸222的一邊。當應用需要鏡面20 1從某些初始轉動位 置開始，或迅速地達到一些初始轉動位置時，此一設計是 89164 -15- 1238143 較佳的。 偏壓襯塾2 12包含位於軸222之不同側面上的固定刻槽 203A與203B(合稱「固定刻槽203」）。當偏壓襯墊212與鏡 面201處於相同的平面時（如，不轉動鏡面2〇1時），固定刻 槽203A與203B分別與外部移動刻槽2〇4A咬合。 驅動襯墊232A與232B(合稱「驅動襯墊232」）分別包含 固足刻槽210A與210B(合稱「固定刻槽21〇」）。當驅動襯 墊232與鏡面201處於相同的平面時，固定刻槽21〇a與21 〇B 與内部移動刻槽204B咬合。 在一具體實施例中，錨定208A耦合到接地216，而偏壓 襯塾212則耦合到DC電壓源218。DC電壓源21 8提供一 DC偏 壓給偏壓襯墊212，其於固定刻槽2〇3與外部移動刻槽2〇4八 之間，產生穩定的電壓差。同樣地如上文所述，介於固定 槽203與外部移動刻槽204八之間穩定的電壓差會形成靜電 力，因而改變結構200的自然頻率。據此，藉由改變介於 固定槽203與外邵移動刻槽2〇4A之間穩定的電壓差，就可 #1 1皆MEMS結構200的自然頻率。 在一具體實施例中，固定刻槽21〇與移動刻槽2〇4B形成 振盪掃描鏡201的靜電促動器（如，梳狀驅動器）。在此一具 體實施例中，驅動襯墊232係耦合到八(：;電壓源22〇。當啟動 時，AC電壓源220提供一 Ac驅動電壓給驅動襯墊232，其 於固足刻槽210與内部移動刻槽2〇4β之間，產生振盪的電 壓差。固定刻槽210與内部移動刻槽2〇化之間的振盪電壓 爰，造成產生鏡面201之掃描運動的靜電轉矩。 89164 -16 - 1238143 4似於以上所述，在一具體實施例中，DC電壓源⑴與 AC %壓源220係建立於與結構細相同的晶片上。或者是， =壓源218與220係建立於與結構2〇〇分離之一個或更多個 曰日片上這些晶片接著經由電線，耦合到偏壓襯墊2丨2與 驅動襯塾232。在一具體實施例中，於產生DC偏壓數值的 操作期間’ DC電壓源川是伺服機制控制的，其中該沉偏 壓數值產生結構100之理想的自然頻率，而在產生AC驅動 電壓期間，AC電壓源220是伺服機制控制的，其中該Ac驅 動電壓產生所需之掃描速度與掃描角度。 儀 圖2D說明隔離層207之一具體實施例的俯視圖。隔離層 207足義 ^字開口 221。類似於開口 121，開口 221用作鏡 面2 0 1掃描運動的自由空間。 可以使用上述方法150(圖1F)來操作結構200。 圖3A至3B分別說明一具體實施例中之MEMS結構300的 組合與分解圖。MEMS結構300可以用於任何需要相對於兩 轉軸旋轉的運動（如，雙向掃描鏡）。MEMS結構300包含一 結構固定層30 1，一絕緣層304，一導電層302，一絕緣層 鲁 305，與導電層303。在一具體實施例中，層301係由本徵 矽或摻雜的矽所製成，導電層302與303係由摻雜的矽所製 ’ 成，而絕緣層304與305係由氧化化矽（Si〇2)所製成。絕緣 · 層3 04與305電子地隔絕層301，302與3 03上的元件。絕緣 層3 04與3 05也用來將層301與3 02完全地結合在一起。同樣 地，絕緣層305也用來將導電層302與303完全地結合在一 起0 89164 -17- 1238143 圖3C說明導電層3〇3之一具體實施例的俯視圖。導電層 3〇3包含一掃描鏡316，驅動襯墊306與309，接地襯墊 3〇7 與偏壓襯塾308。掃描鏡316包含一反射區域352， 其刀別藉由彎曲的扭轉樞紐3 15A與3 15B，連接到錨定328 與329。鏡面316經由樞紐315A與315B，繞著γ軸旋轉。樞 紐315A與315B決定γ軸的鏡面掃描頻率/速度。 鏡面316包含γ軸不同側面上的移動刻槽3 14A與3 14B(合 %「移動刻槽314」）。驅動襯墊306經由彎曲的扭轉樞紐 324，連接到一梳子388。梳子388具有一固定刻槽3 13，當 梳子388與鏡面316處於相同的平面時（如，不繞著丫軸旋轉 鏡面316時），其與某些移動刻槽314A咬合。同樣地，驅動 觀塾309經由彎曲扭轉樞紐326連接到一梳子39〇。梳子"ο 具有一固定刻槽3 11，當不繞著γ軸旋轉鏡面3丨6時，其與 某些移動刻槽3 14B咬合。 偏壓襯墊308藉由一彎曲之扭轉樞紐325連接到梳子 323B。梳子323B經由棒狀物330A連接到梳子323A。梳子 323八與3238分別具有固定刻槽31〇八與31〇3(合稱「固定刻 才曰310」）。^不繞煮γ轴旋轉鏡面316時，固定刻槽3i〇a與 310B分別與某些移動刻槽314人與3143咬合。 接地襯墊307藉由彎曲的扭轉樞紐327連接到L形棒狀物 3 3 0 B。棒狀物3 3 0 B連接到錯定3 2 9。因此，接地觀墊3 〇 7連 接到鏡面3 1 6與移動刻槽3 1 4。1238143 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), and more specifically, to a micro-electro-mechanical system scanning mirror. [Prior art] There are various electrostatic designs for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) scanning mirrors. Their applications include barcode readers, laser printers, confocal microscopes, fiber optic network components, projection displays for projectors, rear projection televisions (TVs), wearable displays, and military laser tracking and navigation systems. . MEMS scanning mirrors are usually driven at their main resonance to obtain high scanning angles. Manufacturing processes often produce out-of-size MEMS scanning mirrors that change the natural frequency of individual devices. If the dominant natural frequency of a small number of MEMS scanning mirrors is too low or too high, a few devices will not produce a proper scanning speed and scanning angle under the alternating current (AC) driving voltage selected for a few MEMS scanning mirrors. Therefore, a need exists for a device and method to adjust the dominant natural frequency of a MEMS scanning mirror to improve the manufacturing yield of these devices. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment of the present invention, a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) structure includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a mobile device. The first electrode is coupled to a first voltage source. The second electrode is coupled to a second voltage source. The mobile element includes a third electrode coupled to a third voltage source (eg, ground). The stable voltage difference between the first electrode and the third electrode is used to adjust the natural frequency of the structure to the scanning frequency of the application. At the applied scanning frequency of 89164 1238143, the oscillation voltage difference between the second electrode and the third electrode is used to oscillate the mobile element. In a specific embodiment, the mobile unit is a mirror. [Embodiment] FIG. 4 illustrates a MEMS system 400 in a specific embodiment of the present invention. The MEMS system 400 includes a MEMS structure (eg, a MEMS structure 100, 200, or 300) having a mobile element, wherein the mobile element is electrostatically moved under a voltage supplied by the voltage source 402. The voltage source 402 provides a voltage difference between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode of the mobile element to adjust the natural frequency of the MEMS structure 100 to an ideal scanning frequency. The voltage source 402 also provides an alternating current (AC) voltage difference at a desired scanning frequency between another fixed electrode and a moving electrode of the mobile element, and oscillates the mobile element at a desired scanning angle. The movement of the mobile device (e.g., scanning frequency and scanning angle) is measured by a sensor 404 and fed back to a controller 406. The controller 406 compares the measured movement with the movement of the required mobile element, and then instructs the voltage source 402 to provide an appropriate voltage to obtain the required movement. Although shown as individual components, the MEMS structure 100, the voltage source 402, the sensor 404, and the controller 406 may be constructed on the same chip or different chips. 1A and 1B show an assembly and an exploded view of a MEMS structure 100 in a specific embodiment, respectively. The MEMS structure 100 can be used in any application that requires uniaxial motion (eg, a unidirectional scanning mirror). The MEMS structure 100 includes a conductive layer 105, an insulating layer 107, and a conductive layer 109. In a specific embodiment, the conductive layers 105 and 109 are made of doped silicon, and the insulating layer 107 is made of silicon dioxide (Si02). The insulating layer 107 electrically isolates conductive 89164 1238143 components on layers 105 and 109. The insulating layer 107 is also used to completely bond the conductive layers 105 and 109 together. FIG. 1C illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the conductive layer 105. The conductive layer 105 includes a scanning mirror 101 and a bias pad 112. The scanning mirror ιοι includes a reflective area 124, which is connected to the torsion hubs by anchors 1088 and 108b, respectively: 102A and 102B. The mirror surface 101 is rotated around the shaft 122. In a specific embodiment, the torsion hubs 102A and 102B include an internal hole 114 to reduce the rotational modal frequency of the structure 100. The rotational modal frequency is the lowest modal frequency to ensure that the scanning mirror 101 rotates around the axis 122 without coupling with other unwanted rotations and vibrations of the moving structure. The mirror surface 101 includes moving grooves 104A and 104B (collectively referred to as "moving grooves 104") on different sides of the rotation shaft 122. The moving grooves ι04A and 104β extend from the rods 106A and 106B, respectively. The rods 106 and 106B are connected to the reflection area 124 and are parallel to the torsion hubs 102A and 102B. The biasing pad 112 includes fixed notches 103 and 1033 (collectively referred to as "fixed notches 103") on different sides of the rotation shaft 122. When the bias pad 112 and the mirror surface 101 are on the same plane (for example, when the mirror surface 101 does not rotate), the fixed notches 103 and 103 are engaged with the moving notches 104 and 1048, respectively. In a specific embodiment, anchor 108A is coupled to ground 116, and bias pad 112 is coupled to a direct current (DC) voltage source 118. A dc voltage source 118 provides a DC bias to the bias pad 112. The dc bias voltage is generated between the fixed notch 103 and the mobile notch 104, resulting in a stable voltage difference. The stable voltage difference between the fixed notch j 〇3 and the movable notch 104 generates an electrostatic moment that rotates the mirror ι〇1 until the electrostatic moment is equal to the restoring moment of the equilibrium position. In fact, the stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 89164 1238143 103 and the movable notch i04 produces a non-linear electrostatic system that changes the natural frequency of the structure by 100%. Therefore, the natural frequency of the MEMS structure 100 can be calibrated (eg, 'adjusted') by increasing or decreasing the stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 103 and the moving notch 104. In a specific embodiment, a DC voltage source 118 is established on the same wafer as the structure 1000. Alternatively, on a wafer separated from the structure 100, a DC voltage source 118 is established. In a specific embodiment, the DC voltage source 118 is controlled by a servo mechanism during the operation of generating a DC bias value, and this bias value generates the ideal natural frequency of the structure 100. FIG. 1D illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the intermediate layer 107. FIG. If it is not the mirror surface 101, for the purpose of electrically isolating the components on the layer 101, the insulating layer 107 has the same shape as the conductive layer 105. The insulating layer 107 is a scanning action of the mirror surface 10, and defines a cross opening 12 1. FIG. 1E illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the conductive layer 109. The conductive layer 109 includes a driving pad 126 which defines a cross opening 1U. The driving pad 126 includes fixed notches 11A and uB (collectively referred to as "fixed notches 11o") on different sides of the shaft 122. Similar to openings! 2 1. The opening u i is the free space of the scanning motion of the mirror surface 10 i. When the mirror surface 101 is rotated in the first direction (eg, clockwise), the fixed engraved groove 110A is engaged with the mobile groove i04a, and when the mirror surface 101 is rotated in the second direction (eg, counterclockwise), the fixed engraved groove is fixed. The groove 丨 丨 〇B is engaged with the moving engraved groove 104B. The notches 110A and 110B are electrically connected. When an AC drive voltage is applied between the liners 112 and 126, if the moving structure is symmetrical with respect to the axis 122, a resultant force of movement will be generated at first. The resultant force of this movement is useless for rotation. In fact, due to manufacturing tolerances 89164 1238143, the structure is not completely symmetrical and will begin to oscillate. Once the structure begins to oscillate, the moment increases and the resulting moving force decreases. The potential problem of this small initial moment can be solved by making the force or structure slightly asymmetric about axis 122. For example, the lengths of the grooves 108 and 108 can be made slightly different to produce a relatively large initial moment. The specular shape may be slightly asymmetrical to the shaft 122 to produce the same effect. In a specific embodiment, the fixed notch 110 and the movable notch 104 form an electrostatic actuator (such as a vertical comb drive) that oscillates the scanning mirror 101. In this particular embodiment, the drive pad 126 is coupled to the AC voltage source 120, and the anchor 108A is coupled to the ground 116. When starting up, the AC voltage source 12 provides an AC driving voltage to drive the pad 126 between the fixed notch ιιο and the mobile notch 104 to generate an oscillating voltage difference. The natural frequency is equal to obtain the maximum scanning angle. The oscillating voltage difference between the grooves 110 and 104 causes an electrostatic moment, which generates a scanning motion of the mirror surface 101. In a specific embodiment The AC voltage source 120 is built on the same wafer as the structure 100. Alternatively, the AC voltage source 120 is built on a wafer separate from the structure 100. In a specific embodiment, the AC voltage source 12 is 〇 During the operation of generating the AC driving voltage, it is a servo mechanism control, in which the AC driving voltage generates the required scanning speed and scanning angle. FIG. 1F illustrates a method 150 for configuring and operating the MEMs structure 100 in a specific embodiment. The structure 100 is usually a device produced by a batch of structure 100. As will be described below, actions 151 and 152 occur during the manufacture of structure 100, while actions 153, 154, 156, and 160 occur during structure 100. 〇The usage period is 89164 -10- 1238143. In action 1 5 1 'the designer decides the scanning frequency and scanning angle of the application (such as' for bar code is iKHz) and 5 °) and modify the structure ⑽ The basic um specific natural frequency 'and this—the frequency is the same as the scanning frequency. The designer changes the design by changing the flexibility of the hub (eg, the geometry of the hub) or changing the moment of inertia of the structure (eg, the geometry of the mirror surface). Act 151 is followed by action 152. In action 152, the designer adjusts the characteristics of the voltage difference and the AC voltage difference of the structure in advance. The designer pre-calibrates the DC bias (Figure 5) to adjust the natural material of the structure 100 to the applied scanning material. The designer adjusts the amplitude and frequency of the A * C driving voltage in advance (Figure 5) to obtain the ideal scanning angle of the structure. The designer can also adjust the vertical offset of the AC drive voltage in advance (Figure 5) to obtain the desired intermediate scanning position, which is where the oscillations occur approximately. These steps are necessary because the manufacturing inconsistency is not the same as the others. These characteristics are then stored in the controller 406 as the initial / preset characteristic values of the bias voltage and the dynamic voltage of the structure. In act 153, the end user may store different DC bias and AC drive voltage characteristic values in the controller 406. The end user may wish to change the required scanning frequency ' the required scanning angle ' and the desired intermediate scanning position. In act 154, the controller 406 instructs the voltage source 40 to supply a dc bias and an AC drive voltage. The voltage source 4 2 represents a different 0 (: and 80 voltage source (eg, DC voltage source 118 and AC voltage source 120). 89164 -11- 1238143 DC bias starts with a preset value stored in controller_ Then, the feeding mechanism is controlled to ensure that the natural frequency of rotation is the scanning frequency. During the operation phase, the control of the feeding mechanism is necessary because the natural frequency of the structure 100 may be due to temperature changes, material aging, or any For other reasons, it deviates from the required value. The AC drive voltage starts with the preset value of the storage and transfer controller, and then the feeding mechanism controls to ensure that the required scanning frequency and scanning angle are obtained. During the operation phase, the AC drive The voltage feeding mechanism control is necessary, because the scanning frequency, scanning angle, and the intermediate scanning position may be due to temperature change of the material, or any other reason, and deviate from the required operation 154, followed by action 158. In action 158, the sensor 404 is used to monitor the movement of the scanning mirror (e.g., scanning frequency, scanning angle, the middle position of the teacher's description), and the measured data is output to the control Controller 406. After action 158, followed by action in action 160, controller 406 receives action information from sensor 404. Controller 406 calculates and provides the required < DC bias and the required AC drive The voltage is applied to the voltage source 402. The age of the DC bias s ... p ^ The servo mechanism control is accomplished by disturbing the DC bias selection amplitude and the change in the scanning angle induced by the money. When the time is added, the natural frequency is close to the scanning frequency: "also θ, if the drawing predicts the main natural frequency of the high Q coefficient, it is usually controlled by the DC bias change. Bai Gu, Fen Shi, & natural frequency It is more effective to maintain the amplitude of the scanning. The control mechanism of the AC driving voltage is by disturbing the AC driving voltage of 89164 -12-1238143. The amplitude 'frequency, and vertical offset, and the scanning angle, scanning frequency' and scanning Change the middle position to achieve. Increase the amplitude of the AC drive voltage 'to increase the angle of rotation, and vice versa. Increase the frequency of the AC drive voltage' to increase the scan frequency, and vice versa. Change the vertical offset of the AC drive voltage To optimize the intermediate position of the scan. After action 160, action 154 is followed, and this method continues a feedback loop. FIG. 1G illustrates a top view of another embodiment of the conductive layer 105 of the structure 100. FIG. The similarities and similarities between 1C and 1G are indicated by the same reference numerals. In this specific embodiment, the reflective area 124 is connected to the rods 128A and 128B. The grooves 104A and 104B are moved, wherein the grooves are removed from the rod The opposite sides of the objects 128-8 and 1283 extend. The ends of the rods 128-8 and 128B are connected to the anchors 108A and 108B by twisting the hinges 130A and 130B, respectively. Each of the torsion hubs 130A and 130B has a curved shape, which increases the difficulty of movement, but maintains the torsional flexibility of the hubs 102a and 102B. Similarly, as described above, the DC voltage source 118 is coupled to the bias pad 112, while the ground 116 is coupled to the anchor 108A. The above method 150 can be used to configure and operate the structure 100, where the structure 100 has the conductive layer 105 of FIG. 1G. FIG. 1A illustrates a top view of another specific embodiment of the conductive layer 109. The same or similar parts between FIGS. 1E and 1Η are indicated by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the driving pad 126 includes only the fixed notch ηOB. This configuration provides a large initial torque to induce mirror rotation oscillations. The voltage difference oscillating between the fixed notch 110B and the mobile notch 104B generates the scanning motion of the mirror surface 101 separately. However, the oscillating voltage difference can be increased to be consistent with the corresponding amplitude of the specific embodiment on the upper part of 89164 -13-1238143 in Figure 1E, because of this-the layer 109 in the specific embodiment is fixed with a notch. 10, only applied One strength is its two opposites. The method 150 described above can be used to configure and operate a structure, where the structure 100 has the conductive layer 109 of FIG. 1H. FIG. II illustrates a top view of another embodiment of the conductive layer 109. The same or similar parts between FIGS. 1E and II are indicated by the same reference numerals. In this specific embodiment, the conductive layer 10 is divided into two driving pads U2a and 132B (collectively referred to as "driving pad n2"), which together define an opening ^. The fixed grooves UOA and 110B extend from opposite edges of the driving pads 132A and 132B, respectively. The driving pad 132A is coupled to an AC voltage source U4A, and the driving pad 132B is coupled to another AC voltage source n4B. The AC voltage source 134 and 134B have the same frequency, but have a phase difference of 80 degrees to provide the highest torsional driving force and initial excitation torque. Therefore, the oscillating voltage difference between the fixed notch u0 and the movable notch 104 generates a scanning motion of the mirror surface 101. The method 150 described above can be used to configure and operate the structure 100, where the structure 100 has the conductive layer 109 of FIG. II. Figure 1J illustrates a top view of an additional layer 136 underneath the conductive layer 109, which electrically isolates the drive pads 132A and 132B. In a specific embodiment, the insulating layer 136 is made of intrinsic siiicon. The insulating layer ι36 may contain a free space reserved for movement of the mirror 101. 2A and 2B illustrate a combination and an exploded view of a MEMS structure in a specific embodiment, respectively. Similar to the MEMS structure 100, the MEMS structure 200 can be used in any application requiring a uniaxial scanning mirror. The MEMS structure 200 includes a conductive layer 205, an isolation and bonding layer 207, and a structural fixing layer 209. In a specific embodiment of 89164 -14-1238143, the conductive layer 205 is made of doped stone, and the isolation layer 207 is made of silicon dioxide (Si02) to electrically conduct electricity. The elements of layer 205 are insulated. Layer 209 provides a supporting structure for the two upper layers. If layer 209 is made of non-conductive intrinsic silicon, then layer 207 will be used only as a bonding layer and is selective in this configuration. FIG. 2C illustrates a top view of one embodiment of the conductive layer 205. The conductive layer 205 includes a scanning mirror 201, a bias pad 212, and driving pads 232A and 23 2B. Similar to the mirror surface 101, the mirror surface 201 includes a reflection area 224, which is connected to the anchors 208A and 208B by twisting hinges 202A and 202B, respectively. The mirror surface 201 rotates around an axis 222. In a specific embodiment, the torsion hubs 2Ό2A and 202B include internal holes 214 to reduce the rotational modal frequency. The mirror surface 201 also includes a set of moving notches 204A and 204B (collectively referred to as "moving notches 204"). Moving notches 204A and 204B extend from rods 206A and 206B on different sides of shaft 222. The rods 206A and 206B are connected to the reflection area 224 and are parallel to the twisting hubs 202A and 202B. The internal moving groove 204B is relatively close to the reflection area 224 and is engaged with the fixed grooves 210A and 210B (described below). The outer moving groove 204A is relatively far from the reflection area 224 and engages with the fixed grooves 203A and 203B (described below). In a specific embodiment, the mirror 201 is asymmetric because it is generally a square with one or more corners removed. Therefore, the center of gravity of the mirror surface 201 is shifted to one side of the shaft 222. This design is preferably 89164 -15-1238143 when the application requires the mirror surface 201 to start from some initial rotation positions or quickly reach some initial rotation positions. The biasing liner 2 12 includes fixed grooves 203A and 203B (collectively referred to as "fixed grooves 203") on different sides of the shaft 222. When the bias pad 212 and the mirror surface 201 are in the same plane (for example, when the mirror surface 201 is not rotated), the fixed grooves 203A and 203B are engaged with the external mobile grooves 204A, respectively. The driving pads 232A and 232B (collectively referred to as "driving pads 232") include fixed foot notches 210A and 210B (collectively referred to as "fixed notches 21o"). When the driving pad 232 and the mirror surface 201 are in the same plane, the fixed notches 21a and 21B are engaged with the inner moving notch 204B. In a specific embodiment, anchor 208A is coupled to ground 216, and bias liner 212 is coupled to a DC voltage source 218. The DC voltage source 21 8 provides a DC bias voltage to the bias pad 212, which generates a stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 203 and the external movable notch 2048. Similarly, as mentioned above, a stable voltage difference between the fixed groove 203 and the external moving engraving groove 204 may form an electrostatic force, thereby changing the natural frequency of the structure 200. According to this, by changing the stable voltage difference between the fixed groove 203 and the external moving groove 204A, the natural frequency of the MEMS structure 200 can be # 1 1. In a specific embodiment, the fixed notch 21 and the movable notch 204B form an electrostatic actuator (e.g., a comb driver) of the oscillating scanning mirror 201. In this embodiment, the driving pad 232 is coupled to the eight (:; voltage source 22). When activated, the AC voltage source 220 provides an Ac driving voltage to the driving pad 232, which is fixed to the groove 210 There is an oscillating voltage difference between the internal moving engraving groove 204 and β. The oscillating voltage 之间 between the fixed engraving groove 210 and the internal moving engraving groove 20 is caused by the electrostatic torque that generates the scanning movement of the mirror surface 201. 89164- 16-1238143 4 Similar to the above, in a specific embodiment, the DC voltage source ⑴ and the AC% voltage source 220 are built on the same chip as the structure. Or, = The voltage sources 218 and 220 are built on These wafers on one or more Japanese wafers separated from the structure 200 are then coupled to the bias pads 2 and the drive pads 232 via wires. In a specific embodiment, the DC bias value is During operation, the DC voltage source is controlled by a servo mechanism, wherein the sink bias value generates the ideal natural frequency of the structure 100, and during the generation of an AC drive voltage, the AC voltage source 220 is controlled by a servo mechanism, wherein the Ac drive Scanning speed required for voltage generation And scanning angle. FIG. 2D illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the isolation layer 207. The isolation layer 207 is a full-length opening 221. Similar to the opening 121, the opening 221 is used as a mirror free space for scanning movement. The above method 150 (Fig. 1F) operates the structure 200. Figs. 3A to 3B illustrate a combination and exploded view of a MEMS structure 300 in a specific embodiment. The MEMS structure 300 can be used for any movement that requires rotation relative to two rotation axes (such as , Two-way scanning mirror). The MEMS structure 300 includes a structural fixing layer 301, an insulating layer 304, a conductive layer 302, an insulating layer 305, and a conductive layer 303. In a specific embodiment, the layer 301 is intrinsic Made of silicon or doped silicon, the conductive layers 302 and 303 are made of doped silicon, and the insulating layers 304 and 305 are made of silicon oxide (Si02). Insulation · Layer 3 04 and 305 electronically isolate the components on the layers 301, 302 and 303. The insulating layers 3 04 and 3 05 are also used to completely bond the layers 301 and 302. Similarly, the insulating layer 305 is also used to conduct electricity Layers 302 and 303 are fully bonded together 0 89164 -17-1238143 3C illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the conductive layer 303. The conductive layer 303 includes a scanning mirror 316, driving pads 306 and 309, a ground pad 307, and a bias pad 308. The scanning mirror 316 includes A reflection area 352, whose blades are connected to the anchors 328 and 329 through curved torsion hinges 3 15A and 3 15B. The mirror surface 316 rotates around the gamma axis via the hinges 315A and 315B. The pivots 315A and 315B determine the mirror scanning frequency / speed of the gamma axis. The mirror surface 316 includes moving grooves 3 14A and 3 14B on different sides of the γ-axis (total% “moving grooves 314”). The drive pad 306 is connected to a comb 388 via a curved torsion hinge 324. The comb 388 has a fixed notch 3 13. When the comb 388 is in the same plane as the mirror surface 316 (for example, when the mirror surface 316 is not rotated around the axis), it engages with some of the movable notches 314A. Similarly, the drive mechanism 309 is connected to a comb 39 through a torsion hinge 326. The comb has a fixed notch 3 11 that engages with some of the movable notches 3 14B when the mirror surface 3 丨 6 is not rotated about the γ axis. The biasing pad 308 is connected to the comb 323B by a curved torsion hinge 325. The comb 323B is connected to the comb 323A via a rod 330A. Combs 323 and 3238 have fixed grooves 3108 and 3103, respectively (collectively referred to as "fixed engraving 310"). ^ When the mirror surface 316 is not rotated around the gamma axis, the fixed grooves 3ioa and 310B engage with some of the mobile grooves 314 and 3143, respectively. The ground pad 307 is connected to the L-shaped rod 3 3 0 B by a curved torsion hinge 327. The rod 3 3 0 B is connected to the misalignment 3 2 9. Therefore, the grounding pad 3 07 is connected to the mirror 3 16 and the moving notch 3 1 4.
在一具體實施例中，接地襯墊307耦合到接地354，而偏 壓襯墊308則耦合到DC電壓源356。DC電壓源356提供一 DC 89164 -18- 1238143 偏壓給偏壓襯墊308。此一DC偏壓在固定刻槽3 10與移動刻 槽3 14之間，產生穩定的電壓差。與上述相似，固定刻槽 1 0舁移動刻槽3 1 4之間穩定的電壓差，產生一非線性靜電 系統，此一非線性靜電系統改變MEMS結構3〇〇繞著γ軸的 自然頻率。因此，可以藉由改變固定刻槽31〇與移動刻槽 3 14之間穩定的電壓差，改變（如，調整）mems結構3⑻對γ 軸的自然頻率。 與上述類似，DC電壓源356可以建立於與結構3〇〇相同的 晶片上。或者是，DC電壓源356可以建立於與結構3〇〇分離 的晶片上。在一具體實施例中，DC電壓源356於產生〇匸偏 壓數值期間，是伺服機制控制的，其中該〇(：偏壓數值產生 結構300繞著γ軸之理想自然頻率。 在一具體貫施例中，（1)固定刻槽311與移動刻槽314B， 乂及（2)固足刻槽3 13與移動刻槽3 14A，形成兩個靜電促動 咨（如’梳狀驅動器），其使掃描鏡316繞著γ軸振盪。在此 一具體實施例中，驅動襯墊306與3〇9係耦合到Ac電壓源 360，而接地襯墊3〇7則耦合到接地354。當啟動時，ac電 壓源360於（1)固定刻槽311與移動刻槽314B之間，以及（2) 固定刻槽313與移動刻槽314A之間，產生一振盪電壓差。 AC驅動電壓通常具有與結構3〇〇之自然頻率相同的頻率， 以獲彳于取大的掃描角度。刻槽之間的振盛電壓造成靜電轉 矩，而此一靜電轉矩使鏡面316產生繞著γ軸的掃描運動。 類似於上述，在一具體實施例中，AC電壓源360係建立 於與結構300相同的晶片上。或者是，AC電壓源360係建立 89164 -19- 1238143 於與結構300分離的晶片上。在一具體實施例中，AC電壓 源360於產生AC驅動電壓期間，是伺服機制控制的，其中 該AC驅動電壓產生繞著γ軸之理想掃描速度與掃描角度。 在一具體實施例中，導電層303進一步包含位於X軸之不 同側面上的驅動襯墊/梳子317A與317B。梳子317A與317B 分別包含固定刻槽318A與318B。固定刻槽318A與318B係 用來使鏡面316繞著X軸旋轉（下面敘述參考層302)。梳子 3 17A與317B耦合到AC電壓源374(下面敘述）。 圖3D說明絕緣層305之一具體實施例的俯視圖。要不是 鏡面3 16為了電子地隔絕層3 〇 3上面的元件，絕緣層3 0 5具 有與導電層303相同的形狀。絕緣層305定義保留給鏡面 3 1 6之掃描運動的開口 3 5 8。 圖3E說明導電層302之一具體實施例的俯視圖。導電層 302包含旋轉結構364與偏壓襯墊/梳子3 19A與31 9B。旋轉 結構364定義鏡面316之掃描運動的開口 358。旋轉結構364 包含位於X軸之不同侧面上的梳子322A與322B。旋轉結構 3 64分別藉由彎曲的扭轉樞紐332八與3326，連接到接地襯 整/板子3 3 1A與3 3 1B。旋轉結構3 64可以經由樞紐332A與 332B，繞著X軸旋轉。鏡面316安裝於旋轉結構364的頂 部。具體地說，鏡面316之錨定328與329分別安裝於旋轉 結構364之猫定支架（anchor mounts)366與367的頂部。這允 許鏡面316使用樞紐315A與315B繞著Y軸旋轉，以及使用 樞紐322A與322B繞著X軸旋轉。 梳子322A與322B分別包含宜甕刻槽321A與321B(合稱 89164 -20- 1238143 移動刻槽321」）。梳子319A與319B分別包含固定刻槽 320A與320B(合稱「固定刻槽32〇」）。當梳子322八，梳子 322B，與旋轉結構364處於同一平面時（如，當旋轉結構 364不繞著X軸旋轉時），固定刻槽32〇A與32〇B分別與移動 刻槽321A與321B咬合。 在一具體實施例中，錨定331A係耦合到接地368，而梳 子3 1 9A與3 1 9B則摘合到DC電壓源370。DC電壓源370提供 DC偏壓給梳子31 9A與31 9B。此一DC偏壓固定刻槽320與移 動刻槽321之間，產生穩定的電壓差。類似於上述，固定 刻槽320與移動刻槽32 1之間穩定的電壓差，產生一非線性 靜電系統，而此一非線性靜電系統改變MEMS結構繞著X轴 的自然頻率。因此，可以藉由改變固定刻槽32〇與移動刻 槽321之間穩定的電壓差，來改變（如，調整）memS結構 300繞著X軸的自然頻率。 類似於上述，在一具體實施例中，DC電壓源370係建立 於與結構300相同的晶片上。或者是，DC電壓源370係建立 於與結構3 0 0分離的晶片上。在一具體實施例中，d C電壓 源370在產生一 DC偏壓數值期間，是伺服機制控制的，其 中該DC偏壓數值產生結構300繞著X軸之理想自然頻率。 如上所述，梳子317A與317B(圖3C)分別具有固定刻槽 318A與318B(圖3C)。當鏡面316(圖3C)以第一方向轉動 時，旋轉結構364(圖3 E)之移動刻槽321A(圖3 E)與固定刻槽 31 8A咬合，而當鏡面316以相反方向旋轉時，旋轉結構364 之移動刻槽321B(圖3E)與固定刻槽318B咬合。 89164 -21 - 1238143 在一具體實施例中，（1)固定刻槽318A與移動刻槽 321A ’以及（2)固定刻槽318B與移動刻槽321B，形成兩個 靜電促動器（如，梳狀驅動器），其使掃描鏡3 16繞著X軸振 盟。在此一具體實施例中，梳子3 1 7A與3 1 7B係耦合到AC 私壓源374(圖3C)，而接地襯塾33 1A(圖3E)則耦合到接地 36 8(圖3E)。當啟動時，AC電壓源374於固定刻槽318A與移 動刻槽321A之間，以及於固定刻槽3 1 8B與移動刻槽321B之 間，產生一振盪電壓差。AC驅動電壓通常具有與結構3〇〇 <自然頻率相同的頻率，以獲得最大的掃描角度。刻槽之 間的振藍電壓造成靜電轉矩，而此一靜電轉矩使鏡面316 產生繞著Y軸的掃描運動。 類似於上述，在一具體實施例中，AC電壓源3 74係建立 於與結構300相同的晶片上。或者是，AC電壓源374係建立 於與結構3 00分離的晶片上。在一具體實施例中，AC電壓 源374於產生AC驅動電壓期間，是伺服機制控制的，其中 孩AC驅動電壓產生繞著χ軸之理想掃描速度與掃描角度。 圖3F說明絕緣層304之一具體實施例的俯視圖。要不是 旋轉結構364為了使層302上之元件電子地絕緣，絕緣層 304具有與導電層3〇2相同的形狀。絕緣層3〇4定義保留給 鏡面3 16與旋轉結構364之掃描運動的開口 358。 圖3G說明結構固定層3〇1之一具體實施例的俯視圖。層 301包含一框架378，其定義供作鏡面316之掃描運動與旋 轉結構364的開口 358。旋轉結構364安裝於框架378頂部。 具體地說，旋轉結構364之錨定331A與331B分別安裝於框 89164 -22- 1238143 架378之錨定支架380與382頂部。導電層3〇2之梳子319八與 31 9B分別安裝於梳子支架384與386的頂部。 可以修改上述夂万法15〇(圖1F)，以配置並操作具體實施 例中的MEMS結構300。結構3〇〇通常是由一批結構3〇〇所產 生的裝置。 在動作151中，設計者決定應用之兩轉軸的掃描頻率與 掃描角度，並修改結構3〇〇的基本設計，以獲得一特定之 自然頻率，而此一頻率與掃描頻率相同。設計者藉由改變 樞紐的靈活度（如，樞紐的幾何），或是改變結構的轉動慣 量（如，鏡面的幾何），來改變設計。動作151之後，緊接著 是動作1 5 2。 在動作152中，設計者預先調整兩轉軸的Dc電壓差特 性，以將此一結構300之自然頻率調成掃描頻率。設計者 也預先調整兩轉軸的AC電壓差特性，以獲得振盪發生之理 t的中間掃描角度與掃描位置。接著，這些特性被儲存到 控制器406中，當作此一結構3〇〇之DC偏壓與AC驅動電壓 的初始/預設特性值。 在動作153中，最終用戶可以在控制器4〇6中，儲存不同 的DC偏|與AC驅動電壓特性值。最終用戶可能希望改變 所而I#描頻率，所需之掃描角度，與所需之中間掃描位 置。 乍4中控制裔406指示電壓源402供應DC偏壓:與 AC驅動電壓。電壓源402表示不同的DC與AC電壓源（如， DQ壓源356與370，以及AC電壓源360與374)。 89164 -23- 1238143 DC偏壓以儲存於控制器傷中的預設值開始，接著 機制控制以確保轉動的自Μ率是掃描頻率。 AC驅動電壓以儲存於^ 于於检制态406中的預設值開始，接著 伺服機制控制以確保辉搵阱+ 休獲仔所而 < 知描頻率與掃描角度，因 此獲得理想之掃描中間p w ^ 田肀間位置。動作154之後，緊接著是動 作 158。 在動作158中，使用感應器4〇4來監視掃描鏡的運動，而 所測量的資訊則輸出到控制器4〇6。冑作158之後，緊接著 是動作1 6 0。 在動作160中，控制器4〇6從感應器4〇4接收動作資訊。 &制w 406汁算並提供所需之Dc偏壓與所需之ac驅動電壓 給電壓源4(32。動作16〇之後’緊接著是動作154，而且此 一方法持績回饋循環。 所揭示之具體實施例之特性的其他各種修改與組合，屬 於本發明之範圍。下列申請專利範圍包含許多具體實施 例。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1A與1B分別說明一具體實施例中之MEms結構1〇〇的 組合與分解圖。 圖1C ’ 1D與1E說明一具體實施例中之memS結構100的 層的俯視圖。 圖1F說明配置與操作本發明之一具體實施例中的memS 結構10 0的方法。 圖1G’ 1H，II與1J說明不同具體實施例之MEMS結構100 89164 -24- 1238143 中，不同層的俯視圖。 圖2A與2B分別說明一具體實施例中之MEMS結構200的 組合與分解圖。 圖2C與2D說明一具體實施例中之MEMS結構200的俯視 圖。 圖3 A與3B分別說明一具體實施例中之MEMS結構300的 組合與分解圖。 圖3C，3D，3E，3F與3G說明一具體實施例中之MEMS結 構3 0 0的俯視圖。 圖4說明本發明之一具體實施例中的MEMS系統。 圖5說明用來振盪本發明之一具體實施例中之MEMS結構 的直流（DC)與交流（AC)電壓。 【圖式代表符號說明】 100, 200,300 400 402 404 406 微機電系統（MEMS)結構 微機電系統（MEMS) 電壓源 感應器 控制器 105, 109, 205, 302, 303 導電層 107, 136, 304, 305 絕緣層 101，201，3 16 掃描鏡 1 12, 212, 308 偏壓襯墊 124, 224, 352 反射區域 102A，102B，130A， 扭轉樞紐 89164 -25- 1238143 130B, 202A, 202B, 315A， 315B， 324, 325， 327, 332A， 332B 108A，108B，208A， 錯定 208B， 328, 329 114, 214 孔 122, 222 車由 104，104A，104B，204， 移動刻槽 204A，204B，314, 314A， 314B, 321, 321A， 321B 106A， 106B， 128A， 128B， 棒狀物 206A， 206B 103, 103A，103B，110， 固定刻槽 110A，110B，210, 210A， 210B，203, 203A，203B， 311，310, 310A，310B， 318A，318B, 320, 320A, 320B 116, 354, 368 接地 118, 356, 370 直流電壓源 111， 121， 221， 358 開口 126, 132A，132B，232A， 驅動襯蟄 232B，306, 309 120, 220, 360, 374 交流電壓源 89164 -26- 1238143 150 方法 151，152，153，154，156， 158, 160 (方法150之）動作 207 隔離與結合層 209, 301 結構固定層 307, 331A， 331B 接地襯塾 388, 390, 323A，323B， 317A, 317B， 319A， 319B， 322A， 322B， 331A, 331B 梳子 330B L形棒狀物 364 旋轉結構 366, 367, 380, 382 錨定支架 378 框架 384, 386 梳子支架 89164 -27-In a specific embodiment, the ground pad 307 is coupled to the ground 354, and the bias pad 308 is coupled to a DC voltage source 356. The DC voltage source 356 provides a DC 89164-18-1238143 bias to the bias pad 308. This DC bias creates a stable voltage difference between the fixed notches 3 10 and the mobile notches 3 14. Similar to the above, a stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 10 and the mobile notch 3 14 generates a non-linear electrostatic system, which changes the natural frequency of the MEMS structure 300 around the gamma axis. Therefore, by changing the stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 31 and the movable notch 3 14, it is possible to change (eg, adjust) the natural frequency of the mems structure 3⑻ to the γ axis. Similar to the above, the DC voltage source 356 can be built on the same wafer as the structure 300. Alternatively, the DC voltage source 356 may be built on a wafer separated from the structure 300. In a specific embodiment, the DC voltage source 356 is controlled by a servo mechanism during the generation of a bias value of 0 °, wherein the 0: bias voltage value generating structure 300 is around the ideal natural frequency of the gamma axis. In the embodiment, (1) the fixed notch 311 and the movable notch 314B, and (2) the fixed notch 3 13 and the movable notch 3 14A, to form two electrostatically actuated units (such as a 'comb drive'), It causes the scanning mirror 316 to oscillate around the gamma axis. In this specific embodiment, the driving pads 306 and 309 are coupled to the Ac voltage source 360, and the ground pad 307 is coupled to the ground 354. When activated At this time, the ac voltage source 360 generates an oscillating voltage difference between (1) the fixed notch 311 and the mobile notch 314B, and (2) between the fixed notch 313 and the mobile notch 314A. The AC drive voltage usually has a The structure 300 has the same natural frequency to obtain a large scanning angle. The vibration voltage between the grooves causes an electrostatic torque, and this electrostatic torque causes the mirror surface 316 to scan around the gamma axis. Similar to the above, in a specific embodiment, the AC voltage source 360 is established between and The structure 300 is on the same wafer. Alternatively, the AC voltage source 360 is established 89164 -19-1238143 on a separate wafer from the structure 300. In a specific embodiment, the AC voltage source 360 is a servo during the generation of the AC driving voltage. Mechanism-controlled, in which the AC drive voltage generates an ideal scanning speed and scanning angle around the gamma axis. In a specific embodiment, the conductive layer 303 further includes driving pads / combs 317A and 317B on different sides of the X axis The combs 317A and 317B include fixed grooves 318A and 318B, respectively. The fixed grooves 318A and 318B are used to rotate the mirror surface 316 about the X axis (the reference layer 302 is described below). The comb 3 17A and 317B are coupled to the AC voltage source 374. (Described below). FIG. 3D illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the insulating layer 305. If it is not for the mirror 3 16 to electrically isolate the components above the layer 3 0, the insulating layer 3 05 has the same shape as the conductive layer 303. The insulating layer 305 defines an opening 3 5 8 that is reserved for the scanning movement of the mirror 3 16. Figure 3E illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the conductive layer 302. The conductive layer 302 includes a rotating structure 364 and a bias pad / comb 3 19A and 31 9B. Rotating structure 364 defines openings 358 for the scanning movement of mirror surface 316. Rotating structure 364 includes combs 322A and 322B on different sides of the X axis. Rotating structure 3 64 uses curved torsion hinges 332 and 3326, which is connected to the ground lining / boards 3 3 1A and 3 3 1B. The rotating structure 3 64 can rotate around the X axis via the pivots 332A and 332B. The mirror surface 316 is mounted on the top of the rotating structure 364. Specifically, the anchors 328 and 329 of the mirror 316 are mounted on the tops of anchor mounts 366 and 367 of the rotating structure 364, respectively. This allows the mirror surface 316 to be rotated about the Y axis using the pivots 315A and 315B, and to be rotated about the X axis using the pivots 322A and 322B. The combs 322A and 322B respectively include suitable engraving grooves 321A and 321B (collectively 89164-20-1238143 moving engraving groove 321 ″). The combs 319A and 319B include fixed notches 320A and 320B (collectively referred to as "fixed notches 32o"). When the comb 322 and the comb 322B are in the same plane as the rotating structure 364 (for example, when the rotating structure 364 does not rotate about the X axis), the fixed grooves 32A and 32B are respectively the mobile grooves 321A and 321B. Bite. In a specific embodiment, anchor 331A is coupled to ground 368, and combs 3 1 9A and 3 1 9B are coupled to a DC voltage source 370. The DC voltage source 370 provides a DC bias voltage to the combs 31 9A and 31 9B. This DC bias voltage generates a stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 320 and the movable notch 321. Similar to the above, the stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 320 and the movable notch 321 generates a nonlinear electrostatic system, and this nonlinear electrostatic system changes the natural frequency of the MEMS structure around the X axis. Therefore, the natural frequency of the memS structure 300 around the X-axis can be changed (eg, adjusted) by changing the stable voltage difference between the fixed notch 32 and the movable notch 321. Similar to the above, in a specific embodiment, the DC voltage source 370 is built on the same wafer as the structure 300. Alternatively, the DC voltage source 370 is built on a wafer separate from the structure 300. In a specific embodiment, the d C voltage source 370 is controlled by a servo mechanism during the generation of a DC bias value, wherein the DC bias value generates the ideal natural frequency of the structure 300 around the X axis. As described above, the combs 317A and 317B (Fig. 3C) have the fixed notches 318A and 318B (Fig. 3C), respectively. When the mirror surface 316 (FIG. 3C) rotates in the first direction, the moving groove 321A (FIG. 3E) of the rotating structure 364 (FIG. 3E) engages with the fixed groove 31 8A, and when the mirror surface 316 rotates in the opposite direction, The moving notch 321B (FIG. 3E) of the rotating structure 364 is engaged with the fixed notch 318B. 89164 -21-1238143 In a specific embodiment, (1) the fixed notch 318A and the mobile notch 321A ′ and (2) the fixed notch 318B and the mobile notch 321B, forming two electrostatic actuators (eg, a comb Drive), which causes the scanning mirrors 3 16 to vibrate around the X axis. In this specific embodiment, the combs 3 1 7A and 3 1 7B are coupled to the AC private voltage source 374 (FIG. 3C), and the ground lining 33 1A (FIG. 3E) is coupled to the ground 36 8 (FIG. 3E). When starting, the AC voltage source 374 generates an oscillating voltage difference between the fixed notch 318A and the mobile notch 321A, and between the fixed notch 3 1 8B and the mobile notch 321B. The AC drive voltage usually has the same frequency as the structure 300 < natural frequency to obtain the maximum scanning angle. The blue voltage between the grooves causes an electrostatic torque, and this electrostatic torque causes the mirror surface 316 to make a scanning movement around the Y axis. Similar to the above, in a specific embodiment, the AC voltage source 3 74 is built on the same wafer as the structure 300. Alternatively, the AC voltage source 374 is built on a wafer separate from the structure 300. In a specific embodiment, the AC voltage source 374 is controlled by a servo mechanism during the generation of the AC driving voltage, wherein the AC driving voltage generates an ideal scanning speed and scanning angle around the x-axis. FIG. 3F illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the insulating layer 304. If it were not for the rotating structure 364 to electrically insulate the elements on the layer 302, the insulating layer 304 had the same shape as the conductive layer 302. The insulating layer 304 defines an opening 358 reserved for the scanning movement of the mirror 3 16 and the rotating structure 364. FIG. 3G illustrates a top view of a specific embodiment of the structure fixing layer 301. The layer 301 includes a frame 378 that defines an opening 358 for the scanning motion and rotation structure 364 of the mirror 316. The rotating structure 364 is mounted on the top of the frame 378. Specifically, the anchors 331A and 331B of the rotating structure 364 are mounted on the tops of the anchor brackets 380 and 382 of the frame 89164-22-1238143 frame 378, respectively. The combs 319 and 31 9B of the conductive layer 30 are mounted on the tops of the comb supports 384 and 386, respectively. The above-mentioned method 1550 (FIG. 1F) may be modified to configure and operate the MEMS structure 300 in a specific embodiment. Structure 300 is usually a device produced from a batch of structure 300. In act 151, the designer determines the scanning frequency and scanning angle of the two rotating shafts to be applied, and modifies the basic design of the structure 300 to obtain a specific natural frequency, which is the same as the scanning frequency. The designer changes the design by changing the flexibility of the hinge (for example, the geometry of the hinge) or the moment of inertia of the structure (for example, the geometry of the mirror). Action 151 is followed by action 1 5 2. In act 152, the designer adjusts the Dc voltage difference characteristics of the two rotating shafts in advance to adjust the natural frequency of this structure 300 to the scanning frequency. The designer also adjusts the AC voltage difference characteristics of the two rotating shafts in advance to obtain the intermediate scanning angle and scanning position of the principle of oscillation occurrence t. These characteristics are then stored in the controller 406 as the initial / preset characteristic values of the DC bias and AC drive voltage of this structure 300. In action 153, the end user may store different DC offsets and AC drive voltage characteristic values in the controller 406. The end user may wish to change the I # trace frequency, the required scanning angle, and the desired intermediate scanning position. The controller 406 instructs the voltage source 402 to supply a DC bias voltage: and an AC drive voltage. The voltage source 402 represents different DC and AC voltage sources (eg, DQ voltage sources 356 and 370, and AC voltage sources 360 and 374). 89164 -23- 1238143 The DC bias voltage starts with the preset value stored in the controller, and then the mechanism is controlled to ensure that the rotation rate is the scanning frequency. The AC drive voltage starts with the preset value stored in ^ in the inspection state 406, and then is controlled by the servo mechanism to ensure that the ray trap + the arrester is < the scanning frequency and scanning angle are known, so the ideal scanning intermediate is obtained pw ^ Field location. Action 154 is followed by action 158. In action 158, the sensor 4O is used to monitor the movement of the scanning mirror, and the measured information is output to the controller 4O6. After Operation 158, it is followed by Action 160. In action 160, the controller 406 receives action information from the sensor 400. & System w 406 calculates and provides the required Dc bias voltage and the required ac drive voltage to the voltage source 4 (32. After action 160, it is followed by action 154, and this method maintains a feedback loop. Various other modifications and combinations of the characteristics of the specific embodiments disclosed belong to the scope of the present invention. The following patent application scope includes many specific embodiments. [Brief description of the drawings] Figures 1A and 1B illustrate the MEms structure in a specific embodiment, respectively. A combination and exploded view of 100. FIGS. 1C ′ 1D and 1E illustrate top views of layers of a memS structure 100 in a specific embodiment. FIG. 1F illustrates the configuration and operation of a memS structure 100 in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Method. Figures 1G ', 1H, II, and 1J illustrate top views of different layers in different embodiments of the MEMS structure 100 89164-24-1238143. Figures 2A and 2B illustrate the combination and disassembly of the MEMS structure 200 in a specific embodiment, respectively. Figures 2C and 2D illustrate a top view of a MEMS structure 200 in a specific embodiment. Figures 3A and 3B illustrate a combination and exploded view of a MEMS structure 300 in a specific embodiment. Figures 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F and 3G says Top view of a MEMS structure 300 in a specific embodiment. Figure 4 illustrates a MEMS system in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 illustrates a direct current ( DC) and alternating current (AC) voltage. [Illustration of symbolic representation of the figure] 100, 200, 300 400 402 404 406 Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Structure Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Voltage Source Sensor Controller 105, 109, 205, 302, 303 Conductive layer 107, 136, 304, 305 Insulating layer 101, 201, 3 16 Scanning mirror 1 12, 212, 308 Bias pad 124, 224, 352 Reflective area 102A, 102B, 130A, Twist hub 89164 -25-1238 143 130B, 202A, 202B, 315A, 315B, 324, 325, 327, 332A, 332B 108A, 108B, 208A, 208B, 328, 329 114, 214 holes 122, 222 cars by 104, 104A, 104B, 204, move Grooves 204A, 204B, 314, 314A, 314B, 321, 321A, 321B 106A, 106B, 128A, 128B, rods 206A, 206B 103, 103A, 103B, 110, fixed grooves 110A, 110B, 210, 210A, 210B, 203, 203A, 203B, 311, 310, 310A, 310B, 318A, 318B, 320, 320A, 320B 116, 354, 368 Ground 118, 356, 370 DC voltage source 111, 121, 221, 358 Opening 126, 132A, 132B, 232A, Drive liner 232B, 306, 309 120, 220 , 360, 374 AC voltage source 89164 -26- 1238143 150 Method 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160 (Method 150) Action 207 Isolation and bonding layer 209, 301 Structure fixed layer 307, 331A, 331B Grounding Lining 388, 390, 323A, 323B, 317A, 317B, 319A, 319B, 322A, 322B, 331A, 331B Comb 330B L-shaped rod 364 Rotating structure 366, 367, 380, 382 Anchor bracket 378 Frame 384, 386 Comb holder 89164 -27-