4 6 4 7 4 9 at _ B7 五、發明説明\ ) (技術領域） (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明有關於依冷凍循環或熱泵循環之空調機（空氣 調節機），特別是有關於防止啓動壓縮機時之液冷媒之回 流上合宜之空調機。 (背景技術） 以忭乃，在於壓縮機之吸入側配置儲壓器（低壓壓力 容器）以資控制吸入於壓縮機之冷媒之乾燥度（即*液冷 媒量與氣體冷媒量之比率），由而防止液（冷媒）之回流 至壓縮機，由而確保可靠性。 惟爲了同時的滿足空調機之機組之小型輕量化，消費 電力之減低（即提高C 0 P )，減低成本之要求，以除去 了儲壓器之簡化之冷凍循環爲合宜< 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 並且爲了防止對於壓縮機之液冷媒之回流，因此在運 轉之啓動時或停±之直前爲了使循環內之冷媒起見，在於 啓動時實施降壓（pump_down )運轉，而在於降壓運轉之 開始時使壓縮機規定時間地實施間歇運轉，而於降壓運轉 之終了後使壓縮機再啓動時實施規定時間之間歇運轉乃習 知之技術，例如記載於日本專利公報特開平1 〇 _ 1 7 0 0 8 0 號。 依h述技術者乃，在於運轉之啓動前，停止直前或除 霜運轉之切換時等時，將蒸發器中或吸入管中之冷媒回收 於凝結器或貯液器起見，或冷媒在低溫部中液化而儲存而 在K次之啓動時不致於流之回流，起見實施降壓運轉，惟 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準{ CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐} -4- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 46 47 49 A7 B7 五、發明説明纟) 此運轉係將冷媒自壓縮機之低壓側而移動於高壓側’因此 在於空調機之運轉中電源被切斷強停止之後’在於長期之 停止運轉後或由於周圍呈低溫度而有引起凝結時，或由於 各空調機之設置位置之高低差時，而有液冷媒之留貯時’ 液冷媒之存在於壓縮機之低壓側時，即在於壓縮機之啓動 時存引起液之回流至壓縮機之虞。 並且在於壓縮機之運轉中發生液之回流時有發生下述 之不合宜之情形之可能。 於高壓室（high pressure chamber )型之壓縮機中，回 至壓縮機之液冷媒乃直接的被吸入於壓縮室，因此引起液 嚼縮，由而發牛過負載會發生異常振動或異常音。又會引 起軸承等之破損。 低壓室型之壓縮機中，吸入於壓縮室之前會進入於冷 凍機油之油池之空間，惟液冷媒會稀釋冷凍機油，使供油 至軸承之油之粘度降低，軸承會引起燒損。 另一方面在高壓室型之壓縮機中，如在壓縮過程而液 冷媒之沒有完全的氣體化地被吐出時，會流入於據位於壓 縮室之下游位置之冷凍機油之油池，而於該處稀釋冷凍機 油而使油粘度降低，此時也與低壓室型之壓縮機一樣會引 起軸准之燒損。 對於壓縮機之液之回流乃在於空調機之停止中將成爲 ，巾宰內機與室外機之高低差而使液冷媒之移動於室外側 〔壓縮機或熱源側熱交換器側），或相反地移動於室內側 (利用側熱交換器側），並且室外溫度低冷媒之凝結於熱 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2t〇X297公釐） —--^訂 線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -5- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 46 47 4 9 A7 A7 B7 五、發明説明‘) 源側熱交換器’或相反地室內溫度低冷媒之凝結於利用側 熱交換器° 乂運轉中電源被切斷時，液冷媒會存在於循環內之其 中之一處，惟存在場所將會不明。 本發明之目的係解決上述問題，在於冷房運轉，暖房 運轉或除霜運轉之壓縮機之啓動時，均防止液之回流至壓 縮機而提高可靠性者。 又本發明之其他目的乃提供，使冷媒之使用量少，做 成省冷媒，又藉由消費電力量等之減低而做成對於地球環 境保全上也很理想之空調機。 本發明乃將解決上述問題之至少一項爲目的者。 (發明之揭示） 爲了達成上述目的本發明乃：具備有連接壓縮機之吸 入側與貯液器之旁通通路，及當冷凍循環之通路開時，使 上述旁通通路關閉，而冷凍循環之通路關閉時使上述旁通 通路成爲開啓之控制閥，而當旁通通路開啓後，規定時間 地使壓縮機運轉者。 由而令旁通通路爲開啓時，規定時間地運轉壓縮機， 因此不管存在於壓縮機之低壓側之冷媒之狀態地，可以使 低壓側之冷媒移動，而後不發生液回流地可以起動壓縮機 ，可以確保壓縮機之可靠性，由而可以除去用於調整吸入 於壓縮機之冷媒之乾燥度（液冷媒與氣體冷媒之量之比） 用之儲壓器，削減零件件數可能達成小型化輕量化，使用 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐) _ n I Lr I I I n I I I T 1 n n 芩 j 勒 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -6- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 4 的冷媒也可以少。 _,----------X-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 乂本發明乃，連接壓縮機之吸入側與上述貯液器之旁 通通路，及包含形成壓縮機，熱源側熱交換器或利用側熱 交換器其中之一方，及旁通通路之閉合循環之手段，以及 形成閉合循環之後規定時間地運轉壓縮機者。 洱者|本發明係，備有連接上述壓縮機之吸入側與上 述貯液器之旁通通路，將上述室外減壓裝置及室內減壓裝 置開啓，形成：包含上述壓縮機，上述熱源側熱交換器及 卜.述利用側熱交換器中將成爲上述壓縮機之吸入側之一方 之熱交換器，上述貯液器及上述旁通通路之第1閉合循環 ，以及包含上述壓縮機，上述熱源側熱交換器及上述利用 側熱交換器之中之將成爲上述壓縮機之吐出側之另一方熱 交換器，上述貯液器及上述旁通通路之第2閉合循環之後 ，規定時間地運轉上述壓縮機者。 -線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 由而形成：包含一方之熱交換器，貯液器及旁通通路 之第1閉合循環，以及包含另一方之熱交換器，貯液器及 旁通通路之第2閉合循環之後，規定時間地運轉壓縮機， 所以可以使低壓側及高壓側之兩方之熱交換器及配管內之 冷媒移動，由而不管運轉模式及冷媒狀態地可以避免壓縮 機之吸入側之液之回流者。 再者本發明乃具備有連接壓縮機之吸入側與貯液器之 旁通通路，當使旁通通路開啓之後將壓縮機以0 . 5〜 0分鐘乘上複數台之室內機之台數之時間使之運轉者 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐} 4 6 47 4 9 Λ7 A/ _ Β7 五、發明説明^ ) 由而雖然室內機有複數台時，也能將防止液回流之運 轉不致於無謂的拉長的運轉，由而可以提高可靠性。 再者’本發明係在上述構成中，於旁通通路與壓縮機 之吸入側之合流部設置三通閥爲合宜者。 再者，本發明係在上述構成中，將旁通通路連接於將 成爲貯液部之上部之位置爲合宜。 再者本發明乃在上述之構成中，在於旁通通路上設置 流量控制閥爲合宜。 再者本發明乃在上述者1該流通於冷凍循環之冷媒係 使用自然冷媒爲合宜。 (實施發明之最佳形態） 下面依圖說明本發明之實施形態。 第1圖表示本發明之空調機之冷凍循環之循環構成圖 0 冷凍循環乃以配管依序連接，壓縮機1，做爲流動方 向控制閥之四通閥2，熱源側熱交換器3，減壓裝置4， 貯液器5，閥6，減壓裝置7 a及減壓裝置7 b，利用側 熱交換器8 a及利用側熱交換器8 b、閥1 〇。 又，利用側熱交換器7 a及7 b，以及熱源側熱交換 器3係分別以送風機9 a及9 b以及送風機1 2送風以實 施熱交換。 冷凍循環可以大分爲三組成，包含有壓縮機1之以虛 線圍繞之部份係室外組成1 5，包含利用側熱交換器8 a 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4规格（210X297公釐> IL. - ·- -- n i I I n T----------^ T 、-u 销 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局貞工消費合作杜印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 464749 A7 _B7___ 五、發明説明^ ) 之以虛線圍繞之部份係室內組成1 6 a ，包含利用側熱交 換器8 b之以虛線圍繞之部份係室內組成1 6 b，室內組 成1 6 a及窀內組成1 6 b乃以並列的連接於室外組成 1 5之配管1 3 f及配管1 3g，成爲多機型之空調機。 本例中設有連接貯液器5與壓縮機之吸入側配管1 3 j之 旁通通路1 4。在旁通通路14，配管1 3 j及配管 1 3 1之合流部設有用於控制冷媒之流動方向之三通閥 1 1而構成爲特徵者。 說明本循環內之冷媒之流向。 在於冷房運轉時，冷媒乃流動於圖中之實線之箭頭方 向。 自壓縮機1吐出之高溫高壓之氣態冷媒係通過1 3 a 流入於四通閥2 ，另一方面在四通閥2內即配管1 3 a與 配管1 3b被連接，又配管1 3h與配管1 3 i分別連接 在一起。 通過四通閥2之氣態冷媒係通過配管1 3 b，在於熱 源側熱交換器3而對於以送風機1 2所送來之空氣放熱， 成爲高壓之液冷媒或氣液二相冷媒流入於貯液器5，減壓 裝置4成爲全開沒有做減縮之機能。流入於貯液器5內之 冷媒係，氣液二相時做氣液分離，通過配管1 3 e而具有 適度之乾燥狀態之冷媒乃流入於室內組成1 6 a及室內組 成1 6 b，冷媒係在減壓裝置7 a及減壓裝置7 b而被減 壓，成爲較室內空氣溫度爲低之溫度之氣液二相冷媒，流 入於利用側熱交換器8 a及利用側熱熱交換器8 b，分別 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣隼（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） IL - n ri I 1 n I I I I I n T 1^1 I— n I _ _ τ i 销 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -9- 4 6 47 4 9 A7 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 巾從送風機9 a及9 b送來之空氣而吸熱，氣體化而再度 冋至壓縮機1。 暖房運轉時乃’冷媒係流動於與冷房運轉成相反之方 向地即冷媒係流動於圖中之虛線箭頭方向。在四通閥2內 配管1 3 a與1 3 h連接，又配管1 3 b與配管1 3 1被 迪接。所以利用側熱交換器8 a及利用側熱交換器8 b成 爲高壓側’熱源側熱交換器3即成爲低壓側。 做爲減壓裝置，可以使用室內組成16 a、 16b內 之減壓裝置7 a ’及7 b亦可以。或室外組成1 5內之減 壓裝置均可以。本例中在於暖房運轉時係使用減壓裝置4 。又從控制性之點而幾乎不會有同時的使用室內外之減壓 裝置之情形。再者冷房運轉時，暖房運轉時，三通閥1 1 係連接有配管1 3 i與配管1 3 j ，旁通通路1 4中沒有 冷媒之流通。 於如上述之冷凍循環中，如實施冷房運轉或暖房運轉 時，電源被切斷之後，如欲使壓縮機再起動時，或空調機 之停止時，室外溫度低，而從熱源側熱交換器3內有冷媒 呈凝結之狀態欲實施暖房運轉時，對於壓縮機1而成爲低 壓側之熱源側熱交換器或利用側熱交換器中將會發生無篇 將液冷媒氣體化而以一部份液冷媒之狀態地回流至壓縮機 1之現象 '換言之會發生液回流1液回流係令壓縮機1會 發生下述之不合宜之情形。 例如高壓室型之壓縮機中，回流至壓植機之液冷媒係 由於直接吸入於壓縮機’所以如引起液壓縮而會產生過負 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（2丨0X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂 線！ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -10- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 8 載，發生異常振動或異常者，又引起軸承等之破損也有。 又在低壓室型之壓縮機中，回流至壓縮機之液冷媒係 ，在被吸人於壓縮機之前進入於冷凍機油之油池之空間， 惟液冷媒會稀釋冷凍機油而使供給於軸承之粘度降低可能 使軸承燒損也。另一方面高壓室型之壓縮機也是，如果在 壓縮過程中液冷媒之未完全的氣體化地被吐出時會流入於 喷縮宰之下游位置之冷凍機油之油池、在此處使冷凍機油 稀釋使油之粘度降低，此時也與低壓室型之壓縮機一樣如 供油於軸承時，即會引起軸承之燒損，這些都會引起有關 於壓縮機之可靠性之重要問題。 於是’以往及在於壓縮機之上游設置壓力容器（儲壓 器）以資調整回至壓縮機之冷媒之乾燥度，以資防止流回 流及避免液回流，惟爲了同時的滿足空調機之組成之小型 化，輕量化，減少消費電力（提高成績係數C 0 P )，減 低成本之要求起見，去除了儲壓機而又可維持壓縮機之可 靠性之狀態下使之簡化係必要者。 本實施例乃採用旁通通路1 4，而使之在沒有儲壓器 之冷凍循環中，也可以防止壓縮機之啓動時等之液回流， 以資確保壓縮機之可靠性者。又對於使用資源之減少，消 費電力量之減低等之地球環保上使之有貢獻者。 以第2圖及第3圖分別說明冷房運轉及暖房運轉中之 壓縮機啓動時之液回流之防止之情形。 以第2圖說明開始冷房運轉爲前提時之情形。 在冷房運轉時，利用側熱交換器8 a及利用側熱交換 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 線！ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -11 - 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) 器8b，並且配管13g、 13m、 13η成爲低壓側’ 其中之冷媒會被吸入於壓縮機1 ，於是使之變形爲下述之 循環構成，而使在於低壓側之冷媒移動於減壓裝置7 a及 7 b之上游側（貯液器5側）。 四通閥2乃被設定爲連接配管1 3 a與配管1 3 h， 及連接配管1 3 b與配管1 3 i。這是與實施暖房運轉時 之四通閥之設定相同。又將二通閥1 1設定爲連接旁通通 路1 4與配管1 3 j 。 該結果，可以構成連接壓縮機1，配管1 3 a ，四通 閥2，配管1 3 h，配管1 3 g，進至室內組成1 6 a及 1 6 b，配管1 3 f ，貯液器5，旁通通路1 4，三通閥 1 1 ，配管1 3 j再至壓縮機之閉合循環。此時使減壓裝 置7 a及7 b全開而使壓縮機1啓動時，利用側熱交換器 8a ，8b，配管13m，13η及13g內之冷媒會移 動於貯液器側u 如室外組成1 5與室內組成1 6 a ，1 6 b間之連接 配線管係短時，使冷媒能回收於貯液器5，又連接配管之 長度長時，使冷媒移動於較減壓裝置7 a及7 b更靠近於 貯液器5側，而開始運轉壓縮機1 ，此後將減壓裝置7 a 及7 b關閉’停止壓縮機1 ，將四通閥2及三通閥1 1切 換成爲規定之狀態，開始冷房運轉。並且減壓裝置7 a及 7 b係以壓縮機之吸入側之不成爲負壓之程度地逐漸的開 啓開度就很適宜。 在暖房運轉時，如使用減壓裝置4時，熱源側熱交換 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -I - n Hr - - n n ^ I I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂_ 線：· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -12- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 464749 A7 B7五、發明説明（） 10 器3 ，並且配管1 3 a ’ 1 3 b ’ 1 3 c成爲低壓側，而 其中之冷媒即被吸入於壓縮機1。於是使之變形爲下述之 循環構成，而令低壓側之冷媒移動於減壓裝置4之上游側 (貯液器5側）。 四通閥2即設定爲可連接配管1 3 a與配管1 3b， 以及連接配管1 3 h與配管1 3 i 。這是與實施冷房運轉 時之R通閥之設定相同’又三通閥11即設定爲連接旁通 通路14與配管131 ，該結果可以構成連接壓縮機1， 配管1 3 a，四通閥2 ’配管1 3 b ’熱源側熱交換器3 ，配管13c ，減壓裝置4，配管13d，貯液器5，旁 通迎路1 4，三通閥1 1 ，配管1 3再進入壓縮機之閉 合循環。 此時使減壓裝置4全開而啓動壓縮機1時，熱源側熱 交換器3，配管1 3 a ，1 3b及1 3 c內之冷媒會移動 於貯液器側，起動壓縮機1規定時間之後，將減壓裝置4 切換爲閉合，停止壓縮機1 ，將四通閥2及三通閥11切 換爲規定之狀態而開始暖房運轉，並且減壓裝置7 a及 7 b即以壓縮機之吸入側之不成爲負壓之程度地慢慢開啓 開度爲合宜。 旁通通路1 4內係由於貯液器5中之氣液分離，而只 有流通氣態冷媒，不會有通過旁通通路1 4地發生液回流 之情形。 由上述，不管存在於壓縮機之低壓側之冷媒之狀態地 ’得以不會有液回流狀態下可以啓動壓縮機，由而可以確 本纸張尺度適用中國國家榇準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 線！ -13- 464749 A7 B7___ 五、發明説明k ) 保壓縮機之可靠性° 卜·曲·說明在於各冷房運轉，暖房運轉及除霜運轉前， 使低壓側之冷媒移動之運轉方法（稱之謂：「冷媒移送運 轉」）。 第4圖係在於旁通通路14上設置用於調整流動於旁 通通路1 4之冷媒之流量用之流量調整閥1 7 °此流量調 整閥1 7係以具有關閉性爲宜。 第5圖所示之例乃’以二個開閉閥1 8 a及1 8 b實 施第1圖乃至第4圖所示之實施例之三通閥1 1之機能之 情形者。詳述之，冷房運轉’暖房運轉’除霜運轉時’開 閉閥1 8 a成爲開，開閉閥1 8 b即成爲閉合狀態。又在 冷媒移送運轉中開閉閥1 8 a變爲閉而開閉閥1 8 b成爲 開啓。又開閉閥.1 8 b係備有流量調整機能亦可以。 笫6圖乃至第9圖所示之例乃以一個六通閥8 1來實 施笫1圖乃至第4圖所示之例之四通閥2及三通閥1 1之 機能者。在六通閥8 1上連接有，由壓縮機1之配管 1 3 a ，由六通閥8 1對於熱源側熱交換器3之配管 1 3 b，由六通閥8 1對於利用側熱交換器9 a及至9 b 之配管1 3 j ，連接於貯液器5之旁通通路8 0，連接於 壓縮機1之吸入側配線1 3 j之配管1 3 s及配管1 3 t 等之6配管3 例如在冷房運轉前之冷媒移送運轉時乃如第6圖所示 之例子’六通閥8 1乃*連接配管1 3 s與配管1 3 j且 連接配管1 3 h與配管1 3 s。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X297公釐） ----------ΐ------ar------.^… (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -14- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明L ) 父在暖房運轉前之冷媒移送運轉時，乃如第7圖所示 之例，六通閥81係連接配管13a與配管13b，且連 接配管1 3 h與配管1 3 t 。 又於冷房運轉時即如第8圖所示之例，六通閥8 1乃 連接配管13a與配管13b，且連接配管13ϋ與配管 13s。 乂於暖房運轉時即如第9圖所示之例，六通閥8 1乃 連接配管13a與配管13j ，且連接配管13b與配管 1 3 t。 第10圖乃至第18圖表示本發明之其他實施形態。 上述之例乃移動各運轉模式之據位於低壓側之熱交換 器或配管內之冷媒之運轉形態者。而下面所說明之例乃移 動低壓側及高壓側之兩方之熱交換器或配管內之冷媒者。 對於第1 0圖所示之循環構成，以只與第1圖所示之 循環之不同部份地做說明。第1圖之四通閥2乃可能切換 爲冷房運轉時及暖房運轉時之二個模式。惟第6圖所示之 四通閥1 9即可能切換爲冷房運轉時，暖房運轉時以及冷 媒移送運轉之三個模式。一方之循環係由：壓縮機1，配 管1 3 a ，三模式四通閥1 9 ，配管1 3 b ，熱源側熱交 換器3，配管1 3 c ，減壓裝置4，配管1 3 d，貯液器 5 ’旁通通路14，三通閥1 1，配管13 j再進入於壓 縮機地形成之循環者。 另一方係由：壓縮機1 ，配管1 3 a ，三模式四通閥 19 ’配管13j ， 13g， 13m， 13η，室內組成 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > Α4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,•11 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -15- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 16a ，16b，配管 13k，13 1 ，13f ，13e ，貯液器5，旁通通路1 4，三通閥1 1，配管1 3 j再 進至壓縮機1所形成之循環。 三通閥1 1係在冷媒移送運轉模式中連接有旁通通路 14與配管1 3 j ，而減壓裝置4，7a，7b係全開。 在此狀態下起動壓縮機1時，可以將各熱交換器及配管內 之冷媒移動於1減壓裝置4，減壓裝置7 a及7 b之上游 側（貯液器5側）。在此冷媒移送運轉之終了時，關閉減 壓裝置4，7 a及7 b，然後開始冷房運轉及暖房運轉之 運轉，該結果不管運轉模式，冷媒狀態地可以避免在於壓 縮機1之吸入側之液（冷媒）之回流也。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 第11圖乃至第13圖乃表示三模式四通閥之構造及 動作之其他實施形態。四通閥乃在室2 1內備有彈簧 23a，23b及移動通路壁26及隔壁27，隔壁27 乃安裝於移動通路壁2 6之外壁且亦接觸於室2 1之內壁 ，又移動通路壁2 6之外壁乃其兩端有彈簧2 3 a及 2 3 b之端部接觸。彈簧2 3 a ，2 3 b之另一端即接觸 於室2 1之內壁。 丨4ί者，於室2 1上，連接有連係於壓縮機之吐出口之 配管1 3 a ，連係於壓縮機之吸入口之配管1 3 ;連係於 熱源側熱交換器之配管1 3 b ’以及連係於利用側熱交換 器之配管1 3 h。 又，以室2 1內壁及移動通路壁2 6，隔壁2 7所形 成之空間2 4及2 5與配管1 3 i係介著切換閥2 2而在 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) 規格（2丨Ο X 297公釐） 16- 464749 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 14 於壓力通路28a ，28b，28c連接。 在運轉停止中，移動通路壁2 6乃藉由彈簧2 3 a與 2 3 b之力之平衡及切換閥2 2之連接壓力通路2 8 a與 2 8 c之壓力平衡而在於如第1 3圖所示之中立位置。 冷房運轉時，當由切換2 2連接壓力通路2 8 a與 2 8 b時，空間2 4之壓力下降，從第1 3圖之中立之位 置而移動通壁2 6與隔壁2 7乃對於圖移動於右方向，成 爲第1 1圖之狀態後安定下來。 在暖房運轉時，藉由切換閥2 2連接壓力通路2 8 b 與2 8 c.時，空間2 5之壓力下降，從第1 3圖之中立位 置而移動通路壁2 6及隔壁2 7乃對於圍移動於左方成爲 1 2圖之狀態後安定下來。 在冷媒移送運轉時，切換閥2 2乃連接壓力通路 28a與28c ，而於第13圖之中立位置安定下來。所 以流動於連接於壓縮機之吐出口之配管1 3 a上之冷媒乃 可以將它流通於配管1 3 b及配管1 3 h之兩方。切換閥 22上，於各個壓力通路28a，28b，28c設置三 個開閉閥，同時使三個壓力通路合流就也可以使之具備與 丨：述同樣之機能。 第1 4圖表示，對於第1 0圖之例子之其他實施形態 ，在第1圖中，配管13i ，配管13j以及旁通通路 1 4乃介著2通閥1 1而予以連接之方式，惟在第1 4圖 之例乃，將三個之配管在於合流點7 2上予以合流連接， 而在旁通通路1 4上及配管1 3 h上分別設開閉閥2 9 b 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -17- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 46 47d9 a7 B7 五、發明説明Q ) ，2 9 a。又設置連接四通閥2與熱源側熱交換器3之間 之配管1 3 b與配管1 3 h之副通路7 〇 ’而在副通路 7 0上設置開閉閥2 9 c。開閉閥2 9 a乃只要設於合流 點7 1至合流點7 2之間即可以。 在於冷房運轉，暖房運轉，或除霜運轉時’即令開閉 閥2 9 b ，2 9 c閉合，開啓開閉閥2 9 a而可能實施通 常之運轉。 又在於冷媒移送運轉中，即開啓開閉閥2 9 b ’ 29c ，開閉閥29a即閉合，使四通閥2爲冷房運轉時 之模式。乂減壓裝置4，7 a及7 b係全開。 在此狀態下起動壓縮機1，即可以將各熱交換器及配 管內之冷媒移動於減壓裝置4，減壓裝置7 3與71)之上 游側〔貯液器5 )側也。 於冷媒移送運轉之完成時，閉合減壓裝置4 ’ 7 3及 7 b，然後開始冷房運轉或暖房運轉。該結果’不管運轉 模式，冷媒狀態的可以避免壓縮機1之吸入側之液之回流 也。 第1 5圖乃表示第1 0圖之又一其他實施形態。第1 圖乃介著三通閥1 1來連接配管1 3 i ，配管1 3 j以及 旁通通路1 4 |惟第1 5圖之例乃將三個之配管在於合流 點7 2 了/以合流的連接。又在壓縮機1之吐出側乃將通路 分岐爲二。（配管1 3 a，配管1 3 g )而分別連接於四 通閥2a與2b。在四通閥2a上連接配管13a ，配管 1 3b，配管1 3 i及配管1 3h。而在冷房運轉時，配 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2!〇Χ 297公釐） ---------^------1T------^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I) -18- 464749 A7 B7 五、發明説明Q ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 管1 3a與配管13b ’配管13 i與配管13h被連接 ’在暖房運轉’配管1 3 a連接於配管1 3 h，配管 1 3 b即連接於配管1 3 i 。 對於四通閥2b連接有配管i3g，13r ，13〇 ’及13p，在冷房運轉時，配管I3g與配管13r以 及配管1 3 〇與配管1 3 p分別被連接。在暖房運轉時， 即配管1 3 g與配管1 3 p，以及配管1 3 r與配管 1 3 〇被連接。配管1 3 g之另一端係在合流點7 3而與 配管1 3 g合流。配管1 3 〇之另一端係在合流點7 2而 與配管1 3 h及旁通通路1 4合流。配管1 3 1即在合流 點7 4而與配管1 3 〇合流。而在配管1 3 r乃在合流點 7 5而合流於配管1 3 b。 又於配管1 3 r上設有逆止閥3 1 b，而冷媒乃由四 通閥2 b而只向熱源側熱交換器3之方向流動。又在配管 1 3 i上設有逆止閥3 1 a由而冷媒係從四通閥2 a而只 朝配管1 3 〇之方向流動。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在冷媒移送運轉中，將四通閥2 a設定於冷房運轉模 式，而將四通閥2 b設定爲暖房運轉模式，又減壓裝置4 ，7 a及7 b係使之全開，在此狀態下使壓縮機1起動時 ，可以將各熱交換器與配管內之冷媒移動於減壓裝置4， 減壓裝置7 a，7 b之上游側（貯液器5側）也，在此冷 媒移送運轉之終了時，閉合減壓裝置4，7 a及7 b，而 後開始冷房運轉或暖房運轉。 該結果不管運轉模式，冷媒狀態地，可以避免在壓縮 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X2.97公釐） -19- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 46 47 49 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明説明k ) 機1之吸入側之液冋流也。 第16圖係表示以第15圖所示之循環來實施冷房運 轉時之冷媒之流動方向。 又，第1 7圖係表示，以第1 5圖所示之循環來實施 暖房運轉時之冷媒之流動方向。 第1 8圓乃表示，在第5圖所示之循環中，相當於第 5圖中之旁通通路1 4之第1 4圖中之旁通通路3 3之壓 縮機側之連接位置不設於壓縮機之吸入側配管而是接於壓 縮機之壓縮過程之中途時之循環構成。依此循環時，可以 利用旁通通路3 3，而在於冷房運轉時或暖房運轉時，可 以構成氣體噴射循環也。 第1 9圖係表示使用於第1 8圖之循環上之壓縮機1 之壓縮機之剖面圖。旁通通路3 3係連接於以固定蝸旋 4 4及端板4 5所形成之壓縮室5 0。 第2 0圖表示貯液器之構造之例子。貯液器5係在底 部中央備有隔板6 4，插入有配管6 2 a及配管6 2 b。 配管6 2 a及配管6 2 b之端部係據於較低於隔板6 4之 上端之位置，以資將各配管所流出之冷媒流互相不致於千 涉狀a又在貯液器5中在於其內部藉由氣液之密度差，瘓 言之由重力之影響而將三相冷媒氣液分離成爲上層爲氣體 相’下曆爲液相也。 插人於貯液器5內之各配管6 2 a，6 2 b係備有爲 Γ使從貯液器5流出之冷媒流之乾燥度（對於全冷媒質量 流Μ之氣體冷媒之質量流量之比例）適宜之用之氣體排洩 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > Α4規格（210X297公釐） ----------1'------,ΤΓ------.^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 464749 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（18 ) 孔 6 3 a，6 3 b。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 又連接於壓縮機之吸入側之旁通通路6 1之端部係安 裝於貯液器5之h部以資只取出氣體冷媒。 在上述之說明乃，在於冷房運轉，暖房運轉，或除霜 運轉及除霜運轉中之壓縮機之再起動時後實施冷媒移送運 轉爲例。惟冷媒移送係在各運轉之終了直前予以實施亦可 以。此時係與對於貯液器之冷媒回收運轉相同也。 特別是可燃性之冷媒等乃，在於運轉終了之直前實施 冷媒之移送運轉時可以將冷媒收集於室外機，因此可以防 冷媒之洩漏於室內，又萬一洩漏時，也可以抑制於最小 限度之洩漏量。 冋時的構成分別包含室外側之熱源側熱交換器及室內 側之利用側熱交換器之二個閉合循環，而實施冷媒移送運 轉乃最合宜，惟至少構成包含室內側之利用側熱交換器之 閉合循環以資實施冷媒移送運轉即合宜。 經濟部智慧財彦局員工消費合作社印製 上述之例子乃不拘冷媒之種類及油之種類，蝸旋型壓 縮機，往復式壓縮機，旋轉型壓縮機等之壓縮機之型式， 均可以解消液冋流之現象，因此特別在於R 4 0 7 C或 R 4 1 Ο A等爲代表之H F C.系冷媒，或二氧化碳或H C 系冷媒等之自然系冷媒時，可以減少冷媒之使用量，因此 地球之環保上很現想，再者如採用蝸旋型壓縮機時，更可 以提尚效率而環保上更合宜。 再者，本發明乃在於定速機，變頻機驅動之壓縮機亦 可以使用，又，壓縮機內之電動機部之設於冷媒吸入側之 本紙張尺度適用t國國家標準（CNSM4規格（210 X 297公釐） -21 - 46 47 49 at B7 五、發明説明（^ ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 低壓宰方式之壓縮機，或壓縮機內之電動機部之在於冷媒 吐出側之高壓室方式機均有效，所以特別是採用變頻機驅 動、高壓室方式之壓縮機時’對於要求之負載可以高效率 的運轉，由而更能減低消費電力量’可以成爲環保上理想 ¥i n 如上所述，將具備儲壓機之循環改爲具備接受器（貯 液器）循環，由而成爲例如冷房運轉中在接收器中貯液液 冷媒之構成，而將在室外機之熱源側熱交換機中凝結之液 冷媒移動於接收器，且貯存了液冷媒之熱交換器部份亦可 以在一.相域地可以使用，因此可以有效的應用熱交換器’ 結果凝結得於降低，又由而壓縮功會減少’因此在同一冷 房能力之狀態下可以減低消費電力。 例如冷房能力1 4KW之室外機1台，室內機1台之 機種時得將冷房C 0 P (成績係數=冷房能力/消費電力 )從約2 . 6而提高至約2 . 8〜2 . 9 *即提高約10 %，又在暖房運轉時也可以獲得同樣之效果。 經濟部智慧財產局3R工消費合作社印製 以往在具有接受器循環中，爲Γ確保對於液回流之壓 縮機之可靠性起見須要載置儲壓器，惟依本發明時，可會g 使之成爲不具備儲壓器之具有接受器之循環。該結果，例 如冷房能力1 4 KW之室外機中，如載置了儲壓器及接受 器之兩方時，室外機之寬爲約1 . 2 m之尺寸，而依本發 明時，可以小型化至約1 . 0〜1 . 1 m，縮小了約1 〇 % ° 再者，在於例如冷房能力1 4KW之室外機1台，室 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -22- 464749 A7 B7 五、發明説明L ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 內機1台之機種中，將具有儲壓器循環改爲具有接受器循 環，由而可以令減少貯存於做爲凝結器之動作之熱交換器 之液冷媒量，所以將冷媒封入夏從5 . 6 k g減至約 4 . 〇〜4 . 5kg (削減約20%)，達成省冷媒。又 載E儲壓器及接受器之兩方時，冷媒封入量乃須約4 . 5 〜5 . 0kg，而依本發明可以不配置儲壓器，由而使冷 媒封入量成爲約4〜4 . 5 k g，由而可維持省冷媒化之 效果。 室内機側之閉合循環之冷媒移送運轉之運轉時間係’ 由室外側熱換器與室內熱交換器之間之配管長度，及室內 機之台數也會不同。例如室外機1台與室內機1台，而室 外熱交換器與室內熱交換器間之配管長度爲5m時’運轉 時間係0 . 5〜1 · 5分鐘程度爲宜。 如配管超過上述之長度時，該運轉時間（分）二配管 長度（m)/5 (m) x〇 . 5〜1 . 5 (分）之時間的 運轉爲官。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 具有複數台之室內機時，運轉時間（分）=室內機台 數（台）x6 · 5〜1 . 5 (分/台）之時間地實施運轉 爲宜。 又，室外機側之閉合循環之冷媒移送運轉時之運轉時 間係人槪0 . 5〜1 . 5分鐘程度爲宜= 如上面所說明，依本發明時，開啓了旁通通路之後， 將壓縮機實施規定時間之運轉，由而不管存在於壓縮機之 低壓側之冷媒之狀態的可以移動低壓側之冷媒，因此可以 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -23- f 4 6 4 7 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（21 ) 提高壓縮機之可靠性，由而可以除儲壓器而減少零件件數 達成小型化，輕量化，所使用之冷媒也可以減少。 再者，依本發明時，形成了：包含一方之熱交換器， 貯液器及旁通通路之弟1閉合循環’及包含另一方之熱交 換器’貯液器及旁通通路之第2閉合循環之後，規定時間 地運轉壓縮機’所以可以使低壓側及高壓側之兩方之熱交 換器以及配管內之媒移動，由而不管運轉模式均可避免液 冋流也。 洱者，依本發明時，開啓了旁通通路之後，將壓縮機 運轉0.5〜1·5分鐘乘上複數台之室內機之台數之時 間，因此具有複數台之室內機時，也可以無謂的拉長該用 於防止液回流之運轉時間也。 圖式之簡單說明 第1圖係本發明之一實施例設有貯液器一壓縮機間旁 通通路之空調機之循環圖。 第2圖係表示第1圖之空調機之冷房運轉前之冷媒移 送運轉時之循環之構成以及冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第3圖係表示第1圖之空調機之暖房運轉前之冷媒移 送運轉時之循環之構成以及冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第4圖係表示第1圖之空調機之貯液器-壓縮機間旁 通通路h設置流量控制閥之循環之循環圖。 第5圖係表示第1圖之空調機之替代於三通閥使用關 閉閥之循環之循環圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨OX297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本買) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -24 - 4 6 47 4 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明（22 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 第6圖係表示第1圖之空調機之替代於四通閥及三通 閥而使用六方閥之循環構成中’表示冷媒運轉前之冷媒移 送運轉時之冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第7圖表示’第6圖之空調機之暖房運轉則之冷媒移 送運轉時之冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第8圖表示，第6圖之空調機冷房運轉時之冷媒之流 向之循環圖。 第9圖表示’第6圖之空調機暖房運轉時之冷媒之流 向之循環圖。 第10圖表示使用三模式四通閥之冷房運轉前之兩方 同時冷媒移送運轉時之循環構成及冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第11圖表示三模式四通閥之冷房運轉時之構造及冷 媒之流向圖。 第12圖表示三模式四通閥之暖房運轉時之構造及冷 媒之流向圖。 第1 3圖表示三模式四通閥之冷媒移送運轉時之構造 及冷媒之流向圖u 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 第14圖係表示替代於第1〇圖之空調機之三模式四 通閥，而使用開閉閥之其他實施例之循環構成及冷媒移途 運轉時之冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第1 5丨副係表示，替代於第1 〇圖之空調機之三模式 四通閥而使用二個四通閥之其他實施例之循環構成及冷媒 移送運轉時之冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第1 6圖表示，第1 4圖之空調機之冷房運轉時之冷 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -25- 464749 A7 B7 五、發明説明 媒之流向之循環圖。 第1 7圖表示，第1 4圖之空調機之暖房運轉時之冷 媒之流向之循環圖。 第18圖表示將第1圖之一實施例之循環上之旁通通 路之一端連接於壓縮機之壓縮過程中間時之循環之構成1 及冷媒移送運轉時之冷媒之流向之循環圖。 第1 9圖表示使用於第1 8圖之循環之壓縮機之剖面 圖。 第2 0圖表示使用於一實施例之貯液器構造之剖面圖 (請先聞讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) 上要元件對照 1 b 訂 3 4 5 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 b b b 壓縮機 四通閥 熱源側熱交換器 減壓裝置 貯液器 閥 減壓裝置 利用側熱交換器 送風機 三通閥 送風機 配管 線！ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家―準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -26- 46 47 4 9 五、發明説明L ) A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 14 旁通通路 1 δ 室外組成 16 ε i - b 室內組成 17 流量調整閥 19 四通閥 2 1 室 2 2 切換閥 2 3 ε 丨一 b 彈簧 2 4 空間 2 5 空間 2 6 移動通路壁 2 7 隔壁 2 8a i — c 壓力通路 2 9a :—b 開閉閥 3 1 a .—b 逆止閥 3 3 旁通通路 4 4 固定蝸旋 4 5 端板 5 0 壓縮機 6 1 旁通通路 6 2 配管 6 3 a -b 氣體排洩孔 6 4 隔板 7 0 副通路 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -27- A7 B7 464749 五、發明説明^ ) 7 2 口 流 點 7 4 合 流 點 7 5 合 流 點 8 0 旁 通 通路 8 1 /\ 通 閥 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局®工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2IOX297公釐） -28-4 6 4 7 4 9 at _ B7 V. Description of the Invention \) (Technical Field) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The present invention relates to air conditioners (air conditioners) based on refrigeration cycles or heat pump cycles ), Especially about the appropriate air conditioner to prevent the liquid refrigerant from flowing back when the compressor is started. (Background Art) With 忭 Nai, a pressure accumulator (low pressure pressure vessel) is arranged on the suction side of the compressor to control the dryness of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor (that is, the ratio of the amount of liquid refrigerant to the amount of gas refrigerant). And prevent the liquid (refrigerant) from flowing back to the compressor, thereby ensuring reliability. However, in order to simultaneously meet the requirements of small size and light weight of the air conditioner unit, reduction in power consumption (ie, increasing C 0 P), and cost reduction requirements, it is appropriate to remove the simplified refrigeration cycle of the accumulator. < Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and in order to prevent the backflow of the liquid refrigerant of the compressor, so in order to make the refrigerant in the cycle at the start or stop of the operation, the pressure reduction is implemented at the start (Pump_down) operation, and it is a known technique to make the compressor perform intermittent operation for a predetermined time at the beginning of the depressurization operation, and to perform the intermittent operation for a predetermined time when the compressor is restarted after the end of the depressurization operation, such as recording In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-1780. According to the above-mentioned technique, the refrigerant in the evaporator or the suction pipe is recovered to the condenser or the liquid reservoir before the start of the operation, when the front is stopped or when the defrost operation is switched, or the refrigerant is at a low temperature. It is liquefied and stored in the ministry and will not be flowed back when it is started K times. In order to implement the decompression operation, the paper size applies the Chinese national standard {CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -4- Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives 46 47 49 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention 纟) This operation moves the refrigerant from the low-pressure side of the compressor to the high-pressure side 'so the power is cut off and the power supply is stopped during the operation of the air conditioner'. After long-term shutdown or when condensation occurs due to low ambient temperature, or when there is a liquid refrigerant left and stored due to the difference in the installation position of each air conditioner, when the liquid refrigerant is on the low-pressure side of the compressor That is, there is a risk that the liquid may flow back to the compressor when the compressor is started. In addition, when the backflow of the liquid occurs during the operation of the compressor, the following unfavorable situations may occur. In a high pressure chamber (high pressure chamber) type compressor, the liquid refrigerant returned to the compressor is directly sucked into the compression chamber, which causes the liquid to chew. As a result, abnormal vibration or abnormal sound occurs when the cow is overloaded. This can cause damage to bearings and the like. In a low-pressure chamber type compressor, it will enter the space of the oil pool of the refrigerating machine oil before being sucked into the compression chamber, but the liquid refrigerant will dilute the refrigerating machine oil, reducing the viscosity of the oil supplied to the bearing, and the bearing may cause burnout. On the other hand, in a high-pressure chamber type compressor, if the liquid refrigerant is not completely gasified during the compression process, it will flow into the oil pool of the refrigerating machine oil located downstream of the compression chamber. Dilute the refrigerating machine oil to reduce the viscosity of the oil. At this time, it will cause shaft burnout like the low-pressure chamber type compressor. The return of liquid to the compressor will be caused by the stop of the air conditioner. The height difference between the internal and outdoor units will cause the liquid refrigerant to move to the outdoor side (compressor or heat source side heat exchanger side), or vice versa. It is moved to the indoor side (the heat exchanger side on the utilization side), and the low-temperature outdoor refrigerant is condensed on the heat. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2t〇X297 mm). Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -5- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 46 47 4 9 A7 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention ') Source side heat exchanger' or conversely low indoor temperature refrigerant Condensation occurs in the heat exchanger on the use side ° 存在 When the power is cut off during operation, the liquid refrigerant will exist in one of the cycles, but the location will be unknown. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to prevent the backflow of liquid to the compressor and improve the reliability when the compressors in cold room operation, warm room operation or defrosting operation are started. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner which can reduce the amount of refrigerant used, save refrigerant, and reduce the amount of power consumption, etc., which is also ideal for global environmental protection. The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above problems. (Disclosure of the invention) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is provided with a bypass passage connecting the suction side of the compressor and the reservoir, and when the passage of the refrigeration cycle is opened, the bypass passage is closed, and the refrigeration cycle is When the passage is closed, the bypass passage is opened as a control valve, and when the bypass passage is opened, the compressor is operated for a predetermined time. Therefore, when the bypass path is opened, the compressor is operated for a predetermined time. Therefore, regardless of the state of the refrigerant on the low-pressure side of the compressor, the refrigerant on the low-pressure side can be moved, and the compressor can be started without liquid backflow. It can ensure the reliability of the compressor, so that the dryness of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor (the ratio of the amount of liquid refrigerant to the gas refrigerant) can be removed, and the number of parts can be reduced by reducing the number of parts. Lightweight. Use this paper size to comply with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) _ n I Lr III n IIIT 1 nn 芩 j Le (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -6- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 V. Invention description (4) The refrigerant can also be less. _, ---------- X-- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 乂 The present invention is a bypass path connecting the suction side of the compressor to the above-mentioned reservoir, and It includes means for forming a closed cycle of the compressor, the heat source side heat exchanger or the use side heat exchanger, and the bypass passage, and the person who operates the compressor for a predetermined time after forming the closed cycle.洱 者 | The present invention is provided with a bypass passage connecting the suction side of the compressor and the liquid reservoir, and opening the outdoor decompression device and the indoor decompression device to form: the compressor is included, and the heat source side is heated Exchanger and Bu. Among the use-side heat exchangers, the heat exchanger which will be one of the suction sides of the compressor, the first closed cycle of the reservoir and the bypass passage, and the compressor, the heat source-side heat exchanger, and One of the use-side heat exchangers will be the other heat exchanger on the discharge side of the compressor, and the liquid storage tank and the bypass passage will operate the compressor after a second closed cycle. -Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs: the first closed cycle including the heat exchanger, the reservoir and the bypass passage of one side, and the heat exchanger, the reservoir and the bypass unit including the other side After the second closed cycle of the passage, the compressor is operated for a predetermined time, so the heat exchangers in the low-pressure side and the high-pressure side and the refrigerant in the pipes can be moved, and compression can be avoided regardless of the operation mode and the refrigerant state. The return of liquid on the suction side of the machine. Furthermore, the present invention is provided with a bypass passage connecting the suction side of the compressor and the reservoir, and when the bypass passage is opened, the compressor is set to 0. 5 ~ 0 minutes multiplied by the number of indoor units to make it possible for the operator. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 4 6 47 4 9 Λ7 A / _ Β7 V. Invention Explanation ^) Therefore, even if there are a plurality of indoor units, the operation of preventing liquid backflow can be prevented from being unnecessarily elongated, thereby improving reliability. Furthermore, in the present invention, in the above-mentioned configuration, it is desirable to provide a three-way valve at a confluence portion of the bypass passage and the suction side of the compressor. Furthermore, in the present invention, in the above-mentioned configuration, it is preferable to connect the bypass passage to a position to be an upper portion of the liquid storage portion. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable that a flow control valve is provided in the bypass passage in the above-mentioned configuration. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use natural refrigerant in the refrigerant system circulating in the refrigerating cycle described above. (Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 shows the circulation structure of the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner of the present invention. Fig. 0 The refrigeration cycle is sequentially connected by piping. The compressor 1 is used as the four-way valve 2 of the flow direction control valve, and the heat source side heat exchanger 3. The pressure device 4, the reservoir 5, the valve 6, the pressure reducing device 7a and the pressure reducing device 7b, the use-side heat exchanger 8a and the use-side heat exchanger 8b, and the valve 10. The use-side heat exchangers 7a and 7b and the heat source-side heat exchanger 3 are blown by fans 9a and 9b and blowers 12 respectively to perform heat exchange. The refrigeration cycle can be divided into three parts, including the compressor 1 and the part surrounded by the dotted line is the outdoor composition 15, including the use-side heat exchanger 8 a. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) > IL. -·--Ni II n T ---------- ^ T and -u pins (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 464749 A7 _B7___ V. Description of the Invention ^) The part surrounded by the dotted line is indoor composition 1 6 a, including the use side heat exchanger 8 b and the part surrounded by the dotted line is indoor Composition 1 6 b, indoor composition 16 a and internal composition 16 b are connected in parallel to the outdoor composition 15 piping 1 3 f and piping 13 g, and become multi-type air conditioners. In this example, a bypass passage 14 is provided which connects the reservoir 5 and the suction side pipe 1 3 j of the compressor. The bypass passage 14 is characterized by a three-way valve 1 1 for controlling a flow direction of the refrigerant at a confluence part of the pipes 1 3 j and the pipes 1 3 1. Explain the flow of refrigerant in this cycle. When the cold room is running, the refrigerant flows in the direction of the solid line arrow in the figure. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the four-way valve 2 through 1 3 a. On the other hand, in the four-way valve 2, the pipes 1 3 a and 1 3b are connected, and the pipes 1 3h and the pipes are connected. 1 3 i are connected together. The gaseous refrigerant passing through the four-way valve 2 passes through the pipe 1 3 b and is located at the heat source side heat exchanger 3 to release heat from the air sent by the blower 12 to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant or a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the storage liquid. The device 5 and the pressure reducing device 4 are fully opened and do not perform the shrinking function. The refrigerant flowing into the reservoir 5 is separated into gas and liquid when the gas and liquid are in two phases. The refrigerant with a moderate dry state through the pipe 1 3 e flows into the indoor composition 16 a and the indoor composition 16 b. It is decompressed by the pressure reducing device 7 a and the pressure reducing device 7 b, and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant having a temperature lower than the indoor air temperature, and flows into the use-side heat exchanger 8 a and the use-side heat exchanger. 8 b, this paper size is applicable to China National Sample (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) IL-n ri I 1 n IIIII n T 1 ^ 1 I— n I _ _ τ i pin (please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) -9- 4 6 47 4 9 A7 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) The towel absorbs heat from the air sent from the blowers 9 a and 9 b, and gasifies and then swells to the compressor again 1. During the heating operation, the refrigerant system flows in the direction opposite to that of the cooling room operation, that is, the refrigerant system flows in the direction of the dotted arrow in the figure. In the four-way valve 2, the pipes 1 3 a and 13 h are connected, and the pipes 1 3 b and 1 3 1 are connected to each other. Therefore, the use-side heat exchanger 8a and the use-side heat exchanger 8b become the high-pressure-side 'heat source-side heat exchanger 3 and become the low-pressure side. As the decompression device, decompression devices 7 a ′ and 7 b in the indoor composition 16 a and 16 b may be used. Or outdoor pressure reducing devices within 15 can be used. In this example, a decompression device 4 is used in the greenhouse operation. From the point of control, it is almost impossible to use indoor and outdoor decompression devices at the same time. Furthermore, during cold room operation and warm room operation, the three-way valve 1 1 is connected to the piping 1 3 i and the piping 1 3 j, and there is no refrigerant flow in the bypass passage 14. In the refrigerating cycle as described above, when the cold room operation or the warm room operation is performed, after the power is cut off, if the compressor is to be restarted or the air conditioner is stopped, the outdoor temperature is low, and the heat source side heat exchanger When the refrigerant is condensed in 3, if the heating operation is to be performed, the compressor 1 will become a low-pressure heat source side heat exchanger or a use side heat exchanger, and the liquid refrigerant will be gasified without any part. The phenomenon that the liquid refrigerant flows back to the compressor 1 in a state of 'in other words, liquid reflux 1 will occur, and the liquid reflux will cause the compressor 1 to cause the following unfavorable situation. For example, in a high-pressure chamber type compressor, the liquid refrigerant returned to the compactor is sucked directly into the compressor, so if the liquid is compressed, it will cause negative results. The paper size is applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS > A4 specifications (2丨 0X297mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)-Order! Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -10- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () 8 years, The abnormal vibration or abnormality may also cause damage to bearings, etc. In the low-pressure chamber type compressor, the liquid refrigerant flowing back to the compressor enters the space of the oil pool of the refrigerating machine oil before being sucked into the compressor. However, the liquid refrigerant will dilute the refrigerating machine oil and reduce the viscosity supplied to the bearing, which may cause the bearing to burn. On the other hand, the high-pressure chamber type compressor is also used. If the liquid refrigerant is not completely gasified during the compression process, it will be discharged. At the time, it will flow into the oil pool of refrigerating machine oil at the downstream position of the spraying and shrinking. Here, the refrigerating machine oil is diluted to reduce the viscosity of the oil. At this time, it is also the same as the oil supply of the low-pressure chamber type compressor. Bearings will cause bearing burnout, which will cause important problems about the reliability of the compressor. So 'in the past and the pressure vessel (pressure accumulator) was installed upstream of the compressor to adjust it back to the compressor The dryness of the refrigerant is used to prevent flow back and liquid back flow, but in order to meet the requirements of miniaturization, weight reduction, and power consumption reduction (increasing the performance coefficient C 0 P) of the air conditioner, It is necessary to simplify the compressor without removing the accumulator while maintaining the reliability of the compressor. In this embodiment, the bypass passage 14 is used, so that it can also be used in a refrigeration cycle without an accumulator. Those who prevent the backflow of liquid when the compressor is started, etc., to ensure the reliability of the compressor. They also contribute to the global environmental protection, such as the reduction of the use of resources and the reduction of the power consumption. Figure 3 illustrates the prevention of liquid backflow when the compressor starts during cold room operation and warm room operation. The second figure illustrates the situation when the cold room operation is premised. At the time of use, the use-side heat exchanger 8a and the use-side heat exchange are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau -11-46 47 4 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9) The device 8b, and the pipes 13g, 13m, 13η become the low-pressure side. Among them, the refrigerant will be sucked into the compressor 1, so that The deformation is changed to the following circulation structure, so that the refrigerant on the low pressure side moves to the upstream side (reservoir 5 side) of the pressure reducing devices 7 a and 7 b. The four-way valve 2 is set to connect the pipe 1 3 a And piping 1 3 h, and connecting piping 1 3 b and piping 1 3 i. This is the same as the setting of the four-way valve when the greenhouse operation is performed. The two-way valve 11 is also set to connect the bypass passage 14 and the piping 1 3 j. As a result, the compressor 1, piping 1 3 a, four-way valve 2, piping 1 3 h, and piping 1 3 g can be configured to enter the room to constitute 16 a and 16 b, piping 1 3 f, and a reservoir. 5. Bypass passage 1 4, three-way valve 1 1, piping 1 3 j and then the closed cycle of the compressor. At this time, when the pressure reducing devices 7 a and 7 b are fully opened and the compressor 1 is started, the refrigerant in the use-side heat exchangers 8 a, 8 b, piping 13 m, 13 η, and 13 g will move to the reservoir side. 5 and indoor composition 1 6 a, 1 6 b The connection wiring pipe is short, so that the refrigerant can be recovered in the liquid reservoir 5, and when the length of the connecting pipe is long, the refrigerant is moved to the decompression device 7 a and 7 b is closer to the reservoir 5 side, and the compressor 1 is started to run. Thereafter, the pressure reducing devices 7 a and 7 b are closed, and the compressor 1 is stopped. The four-way valve 2 and the three-way valve 11 are switched to a predetermined state. , Start cold room operation. In addition, the decompression devices 7 a and 7 b are gradually opened to such an extent that the suction side of the compressor does not become a negative pressure. When operating in a greenhouse, such as when using the decompression device 4, the heat source side heat exchange paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -I-n Hr--nn ^ II (Please read the back Please note this page, please fill in this page) Order _ Line: · Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -12- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 464749 A7 B7 1 3 a '1 3 b' 1 3 c becomes the low-pressure side, and the refrigerant therein is sucked into the compressor 1. Then, it is deformed into the following circulation structure, and the refrigerant on the low pressure side is moved to the upstream side of the decompression device 4 (the reservoir 5 side). The four-way valve 2 is set to connect the piping 1 3 a and the piping 1 3 b, and the piping 13 h and the piping 1 3 i. This is the same as the setting of the R-way valve when the cold room operation is performed. The three-way valve 11 is set to connect the bypass passage 14 and the piping 131. The result can be connected to the compressor 1, the piping 1 3a, and the four-way valve 2 'Piping 1 3 b' Heat source side heat exchanger 3, piping 13c, pressure reducing device 4, piping 13d, reservoir 5, bypass bypass 14, three-way valve 1 1 and piping 1 3 enter the compressor Closed loop. At this time, when the pressure reducing device 4 is fully opened and the compressor 1 is started, the refrigerant in the heat source side heat exchanger 3, the pipes 1 3a, 13b, and 1c will move to the reservoir side, and the compressor 1 is started for a predetermined time. After that, the pressure reducing device 4 is switched to be closed, the compressor 1 is stopped, the four-way valve 2 and the three-way valve 11 are switched to a predetermined state to start the greenhouse operation, and the pressure reducing devices 7 a and 7 b are based on the compressor. It is appropriate to open the opening slowly to the extent that the suction side does not become negative pressure. Inside the bypass passage 14 is due to the gas-liquid separation in the reservoir 5, and only the gaseous refrigerant flows, and no liquid backflow occurs through the bypass passage 14. From the above, regardless of the state of the refrigerant existing on the low-pressure side of the compressor, so that the compressor can be started under the state of no liquid backflow, so that the paper size can be determined to comply with China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2丨 0X297mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Order! -13- 464749 A7 B7___ V. Description of the invention k) Guarantee the reliability of the compressor ° Bu · qu · Describe the operation method of moving the low-pressure side refrigerant before each cold room operation, warm room operation and defrosting operation (referred to as : "Refrigerant transfer operation"). Fig. 4 is a flow regulating valve 17 for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing in the bypass passage 14 on the bypass passage 14. The flow adjustment valve 17 is preferably closed. The example shown in Fig. 5 is a case where the function of the three-way valve 11 of the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 4 is implemented with two on-off valves 18a and 18b. In detail, in the cold room operation 'warm room operation' during the defrosting operation, the on-off valve 18 a is opened, and the on-off valve 18 b is closed. During the refrigerant transfer operation, the on-off valve 18 a is closed and the on-off valve 18 b is opened. Open and close the valve again. 1 8 b is also available with flow adjustment function. The examples shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 are implemented by using a six-way valve 81 to implement the functions of the four-way valve 2 and three-way valve 11 in the examples shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. The six-way valve 81 is connected to the piping 1 3 a of the compressor 1, and the six-way valve 8 1 is connected to the piping 1 3 b of the heat source side heat exchanger 3, and the six-way valve 81 is connected to the use side heat exchange. The pipes 1 3 j of the vessels 9 a and 9 b are connected to the bypass passage 8 0 of the reservoir 5, the pipes 1 3 s of the suction side wiring 1 3 j of the compressor 1 and the pipes 1 3 t, etc. 6 Piping 3 For example, when the refrigerant transfer operation is performed before the cold room operation, the example shown in FIG. 6 is' six-way valve 8 1 is connected to piping 1 3 s and piping 1 3 j and connected to piping 1 3 h and piping 1 3 s. . This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X297 mm) ---------- ΐ ------ ar ------. ^… (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -14- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention L) Refrigerant transfer operation before the operation of the heating house At the time, as in the example shown in FIG. 7, the six-way valve 81 is connected to the piping 13a and the piping 13b, and connects the piping 13h and the piping 13t. During the operation of the cold room, as shown in Fig. 8, the six-way valve 81 is connected to the piping 13a and the piping 13b, and is connected to the piping 13ϋ and the piping 13s. In the operation of the greenhouse, as shown in the example in FIG. 9, the six-way valve 81 is connected to the piping 13a and the piping 13j, and the piping 13b is connected to the piping 13t. 10 to 18 show other embodiments of the present invention. The above-mentioned examples are those in which the operation modes of each operation mode are based on the heat exchanger located on the low-pressure side or the refrigerant in the piping. The examples described below are those that move both the low-pressure side and high-pressure side heat exchangers or refrigerant in the pipes. The configuration of the cycle shown in Fig. 10 will be described with only parts different from the cycle shown in Fig. 1. The four-way valve 2 in Fig. 1 is possible to switch between the two modes during cold room operation and warm room operation. However, the four-way valve 19 shown in Fig. 6 may switch to the three modes of cold room operation, warm room operation, and refrigerant transfer operation. One cycle is composed of: compressor 1, piping 1 3 a, three-mode four-way valve 19, piping 1 3 b, heat source side heat exchanger 3, piping 1 3 c, pressure reducing device 4, piping 1 3 d, The reservoir 5 'bypasses the passage 14, the three-way valve 11 and the piping 13 j again enter the cycle formed by the compressor. The other side is: Compressor 1, piping 1 3a, three-mode four-way valve 19 'piping 13j, 13g, 13m, 13η, indoor composition This paper size applies Chinese national standards (CNS > Α4 specifications (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page), • Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the 11th Ministry of Economic Affairs -15- 46 47 4 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention) (Please read the notes on the back before (Fill in this page) 16a, 16b, piping 13k, 13 1, 13f, 13e, reservoir 5, bypass passage 1 4, three-way valve 11 1, piping 1 3 j and then enter the cycle formed by the compressor 1. The three-way valve 11 is connected to the bypass passage 14 and the piping 1 3 j in the refrigerant transfer operation mode, and the pressure reducing devices 4, 7a, and 7b are fully opened. When the compressor 1 is started in this state, the refrigerant in each heat exchanger and piping can be moved to the upstream side of the decompression device 4 and the decompression devices 7 a and 7 b (reservoir 5 side). At the end of this refrigerant transfer operation, the decompression devices 4, 7 a and 7 b are closed, and then the cold room operation and the warm room operation are started. As a result, regardless of the operation mode, the refrigerant state can be avoided on the suction side of the compressor 1. Liquid (refrigerant) reflux also. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Figures 11 to 13 are other implementation forms showing the structure and operation of the three-mode four-way valve. The four-way valve is provided with springs 23a and 23b, and a moving passage wall 26 and a partition wall 27 in the chamber 21. The partition wall 27 is installed on the outer wall of the moving passage wall 26 and also contacts the inner wall of the chamber 2 1 and moves the passage. The outer wall of the wall 26 is in contact with the ends of the springs 2 3 a and 2 3 b at both ends. The other ends of the springs 2 3 a and 2 3 b are in contact with the inner wall of the chamber 21.丨 4ί, on the room 21, the pipe 1 3a connected to the outlet of the compressor is connected to the pipe 1 3 connected to the suction port of the compressor; the pipe 1 3 b is connected to the heat source side heat exchanger And the piping connected to the use side heat exchanger for 13 h. In addition, the space 2 4 and 2 5 formed by the inner wall of the chamber 2 1, the moving passage wall 26, and the partition wall 2 7 and the piping 1 3 i are interposed with the switching valve 2 2, and the Chinese national standard (CNS) is applied on this paper scale. ) Specifications (2 丨 〇 X 297 mm) 16- 464749 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () 14 Connected to the pressure passages 28a, 28b, 28c. During the operation stop, the moving passage wall 26 is balanced by the force of the springs 2 3 a and 2 3 b and the pressure balance of the connection pressure passages 2 8 a and 2 8 c of the switching valve 2 lies in the first 3 Neutral position shown. When the cold room is operating, when the pressure passages 2 8 a and 2 8 b are connected by switching 2 2, the pressure in the space 2 4 decreases, and the through wall 26 and the partition wall 2 7 are moved from the neutral position in FIG. 13. Move to the right and settle to the state shown in Figure 11. In the greenhouse operation, the pressure passages 2 8 b and 2 8 c are connected by a switching valve 2 2. At that time, the pressure in the space 25 decreased, and the passage wall 26 and the partition wall 27 were moved from the neutral position in FIG. 13 to the state where they moved around to the left and became set in FIG. 12. During the refrigerant transfer operation, the switching valve 22 is connected to the pressure passages 28a and 28c and is settled in the neutral position in FIG. 13. Therefore, the refrigerant flowing on the pipe 1 3 a connected to the outlet of the compressor can be circulated to both the pipe 1 3 b and the pipe 13 h. On the switching valve 22, three on-off valves are provided in each of the pressure passages 28a, 28b, and 28c, and the three pressure passages can be merged at the same time to provide the same function as described above. FIG. 14 shows another embodiment of the example in FIG. 10. In FIG. 1, the pipes 13i, 13j, and the bypass passage 14 are connected through a two-way valve 11. The example in Fig. 14 is to connect three pipes at the confluence point 72, and to set on-off valves 2 9 on the bypass passage 14 and the pipes 13 h respectively. This paper standard applies to China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -17 46 47d9 a7 B7 V. Description of the invention Q), 2 9 a. A secondary passage 7 0 ′ connecting the four-way valve 2 and the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 to the pipeline 13 h is provided, and an on-off valve 2 9 c is provided on the secondary passage 70. The on-off valve 2 9 a may be provided between the merging point 71 and the merging point 72. In the cold room operation, warm room operation, or defrosting operation, the on-off valves 2 9 b and 2 9 c are closed, and the on-off valves 2 9 a are opened to perform normal operation. Also during the refrigerant transfer operation, the on-off valve 2 9 b ′ 29c is opened, and the on-off valve 29 a is closed, so that the four-way valve 2 is a mode in the cold room operation.乂 The decompression devices 4, 7a and 7b are fully open. When the compressor 1 is started in this state, the refrigerant in each heat exchanger and piping can be moved above the decompression device 4 and the decompression devices 73 and 71) on the downstream side (reservoir 5). When the refrigerant transfer operation is completed, the decompression devices 4 ′ 7 3 and 7 b are closed, and then the cold room operation or warm room operation is started. As a result, irrespective of the operation mode, the backflow of the liquid on the suction side of the compressor 1 can be avoided in the refrigerant state. FIG. 15 shows still another embodiment of FIG. 10. Figure 1 shows the connection of piping 1 3 i, piping 1 3 j, and bypass passage 1 4 through three-way valve 11. However, the example in Figure 15 shows the three piping at the confluence point 7 2. Connection. On the discharge side of the compressor 1, the passage is divided into two. (Piping 1 3 a, piping 1 3 g) and connected to the four-way valves 2a and 2b, respectively. The four-way valve 2a is connected to the piping 13a, the piping 1 3b, the piping 1 3i, and the piping 13h. And in the cold room operation, the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2! 〇 × 297 mm) --------- ^ ------ 1T ------ ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this I) -18- 464749 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention Q) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Pipe 1 3a and piping 13b 'pipe 13 i and The piping 13h is connected to the 'operating in a greenhouse' piping 1 3 a to the piping 13 h, and the piping 1 3 b is connected to the piping 1 3 i. Pipings i3g, 13r, 13o ', and 13p are connected to the four-way valve 2b. When the cold room is operating, the pipes I3g and 13r, and the pipes 13o and 13p are connected. In the greenhouse operation, the pipes 13 g and 13 p are connected, and the pipes 13 r and 13 are connected. The other end of the pipe 1 3 g is connected at the confluence point 7 3 and merges with the pipe 1 3 g. The other end of the piping 1 30 is connected to the merging point 7 2 and merges with the piping 13 h and the bypass passage 14. The piping 1 31 is merged with the piping 1 30 at the confluence point 74. The piping 1 3 r is merged with the piping 1 3 b at the confluence point 7 5. A piping 1 3 r is provided with a check valve 3 1 b. The refrigerant flows through the four-way valve 2 b only in the direction of the heat source-side heat exchanger 3. The piping 1 3 i is provided with a check valve 3 1 a so that the refrigerant flows from the four-way valve 2 a only to the piping 1 3 0. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has printed the four-way valve 2 a in the cold room operation mode and the four-way valve 2 b in the warm room operation mode, and the pressure reducing device 4, 7 a and 7 b is fully opened. When the compressor 1 is started in this state, the refrigerant in each heat exchanger and piping can be moved to the pressure reducing device 4 and the upstream sides of the pressure reducing devices 7 a and 7 b (reservoir). (5 side of the device) Also, at the end of this refrigerant transfer operation, the decompression devices 4, 7a and 7b are closed, and then the cold room operation or warm room operation is started. This result can be avoided regardless of the operating mode and the refrigerant state. This paper size can be applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X2. 97 mm) -19- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 46 47 49 A7 ___B7_ V. Description of the invention k) The liquid flow on the suction side of the machine 1 is also. Fig. 16 shows the flow direction of the refrigerant when the cold room operation is performed by the cycle shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 shows the flow direction of the refrigerant during the greenhouse operation using the cycle shown in Fig. 15. The eighteenth circle indicates that in the cycle shown in Fig. 5, the compressor side connection position corresponding to the bypass passage 14 in Fig. 5 and the bypass passage 33 in Fig. 14 is not set. The piping on the suction side of the compressor is a circulation structure connected to the compressor during the compression process. In this cycle, the bypass passage 33 can be used, and a gas injection cycle can also be formed during cold room operation or warm room operation. Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the compressor of the compressor 1 used in the cycle of Fig. 18; The bypass passage 3 3 is connected to the compression chamber 50 formed by the fixed scroll 4 4 and the end plate 45. Fig. 20 shows an example of the structure of the reservoir. The reservoir 5 is provided with a partition plate 6 4 at the center of the bottom portion, and a pipe 6 2 a and a pipe 6 2 b are inserted. The ends of the piping 6 2 a and the piping 6 2 b are located at a position lower than the upper end of the partition plate 6 4 so that the refrigerant flows out of the pipings do not interfere with each other a. The reason is that the gas-liquid density difference in its interior, the effect of gravity is to separate the three-phase refrigerant gas-liquid into the upper layer is a gas phase, and the lower is a liquid phase. Each of the pipes 6 2 a and 6 2 b inserted into the reservoir 5 is provided with a dryness (for mass flow rate of the gas refrigerant of the total refrigerant mass flow M) Proportion) Gas excretion suitable for use The paper size is applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS > Α4 size (210X297 mm) ---------- 1 '------, ΤΓ ---- -. ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 464749 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (18) Holes 6 3 a, 6 3 b. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The end of the bypass passage 6 1 connected to the suction side of the compressor is installed in the h part of the reservoir 5 to take out only the gas refrigerant. The above description is an example in which the refrigerant transfer operation is performed after the cold room operation, the warm room operation, or the restart of the compressor during the defrosting operation and the defrosting operation. However, the refrigerant transfer may be implemented before the end of each operation. At this time, it is the same as the refrigerant recovery operation for the reservoir. In particular, flammable refrigerants can be collected in the outdoor unit when the refrigerant transfer operation is performed immediately before the end of the operation. Therefore, the leakage of the refrigerant can be prevented indoors, and in the event of leakage, it can be suppressed to a minimum. Leakage. The time structure includes two closed cycles of the outdoor heat source side heat exchanger and the indoor side use side heat exchanger. The refrigerant transfer operation is most appropriate, but at least the indoor side use side heat exchanger is included. The closed cycle is suitable for carrying out the refrigerant transfer operation. The above-mentioned example printed by the Consumer Finance Cooperative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Intelligent Finance and Economics Bureau is not limited to the types of refrigerants and oils, and the types of compressors such as scroll compressors, reciprocating compressors, and rotary compressors can all dissolve liquids. The phenomenon of flow is particularly HF C represented by R 4 0 7 C or R 4 1 〇 A. When using refrigerants, or natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide or HC refrigerants, the amount of refrigerant used can be reduced. Therefore, the environmental protection of the earth is very desirable. When using scroll compressors, it is more efficient and environmentally friendly. More suitable. Furthermore, the present invention lies in a fixed-speed machine, and a compressor driven by a frequency converter can also be used. Moreover, the paper size of the motor section of the compressor provided on the refrigerant suction side is applicable to the national standard (CNSM4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -21-46 47 49 at B7 V. Description of the Invention (^) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The compressor of the low-pressure slug method, or the motor part of the compressor is for refrigerant discharge The high-pressure chamber-type machines on the side are all effective, so especially when using inverter-driven, high-pressure chamber-type compressors, 'it can operate efficiently for the required load, which can reduce the power consumption', which can be ideal for environmental protection. In As mentioned above, the cycle with the accumulator is changed to the cycle with the receiver (reservoir), so that, for example, the liquid storage refrigerant is stored in the receiver in the cold room operation, and it will be on the heat source side of the outdoor unit. The liquid refrigerant condensed in the heat exchanger moves to the receiver, and the heat exchanger part storing the liquid refrigerant can also be in one. The phase field can be used, so the heat exchanger can be effectively applied. As a result, the condensation is reduced, and the compression work is reduced. Therefore, the power consumption can be reduced under the same cooling capacity. For example, when the cold room capacity is 1 4KW, one outdoor unit and one indoor unit are required to change the cold room C 0 P (performance coefficient = cold room capacity / power consumption) from about 2. 6 to about 2. 8 ~ 2. 9 * Increase by about 10%, and the same effect can also be obtained when the greenhouse is running. Printed by the 3R Industrial and Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In the past, in the case of a receiver cycle, a pressure accumulator was required to ensure the reliability of the liquid return compressor. However, according to the present invention, It becomes a cycle with a receiver without a pressure accumulator. The result, for example, in an outdoor unit with a cold room capacity of 14 KW, when both the accumulator and the receiver are placed, the width of the outdoor unit is about 1. The size of 2 m, according to the present invention, can be miniaturized to about 1. 0 ~ 1. 1 m, reduced by about 10% ° Furthermore, it is, for example, one outdoor unit with a cooling capacity of 14 KW, and the paper size of the room applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -22- 464749 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention L) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) In one model of the internal machine, change the circuit with the accumulator to the circuit with the receiver, so that the storage can be reduced as The amount of liquid refrigerant in the heat exchanger of the condenser, so the refrigerant is sealed in Xia from 5. 6 k g to about 4. 〇 ~ 4. 5kg (reduction of about 20%), achieving a refrigerant-saving. When both the E pressure accumulator and the receiver are loaded, the refrigerant sealing amount must be about 4. 5 to 5. 0kg, and according to the present invention, it is not necessary to configure a pressure accumulator, so that the refrigerant sealing amount becomes about 4 ~ 4. 5 k g, thereby maintaining the effect of saving refrigerant. The operating time of the refrigerant transfer operation in the closed cycle of the indoor unit is determined by the length of the pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger, and the number of indoor units. For example, when there is one outdoor unit and one indoor unit, and the length of the pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger is 5m, the operation time is 0. 5 ~ 1 · 5 minutes is appropriate. If the piping exceeds the above length, the operating time (minutes) of the two piping lengths (m) / 5 (m) x〇. 5 ~ 1. 5 (minutes) time operation is official. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. When there are multiple indoor units, the operating time (minutes) = number of indoor units (units) x 6 · 5 ~ 1. It is advisable to implement the operation at a time of 5 (minutes / unit). In addition, the operating time during the refrigerant transfer operation of the closed cycle on the outdoor unit side is 0. 5 ~ 1. 5 minutes is appropriate = As explained above, according to the present invention, after the bypass passage is opened, the compressor is operated for a predetermined time, regardless of the state of the refrigerant existing on the low-pressure side of the compressor. Side of the refrigerant, so this paper size can apply Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) -23- f 4 6 4 7 4 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21) Improve the reliability of the compressor, by In addition to the accumulator, the number of parts can be reduced to achieve miniaturization and weight reduction, and the refrigerant used can also be reduced. In addition, according to the present invention, a second closed loop including a heat exchanger, a reservoir and a bypass path of the one and a second heat exchanger including the liquid accumulator and the bypass path are formed. After the closed cycle, the compressor is operated for a predetermined period of time. Therefore, both the low-pressure side and the high-pressure side heat exchanger and the medium in the piping can be moved, and liquid flow can be avoided regardless of the operation mode. Who, according to the present invention, after the bypass path is opened, the compressor is operated 0. 5 to 1.5 minutes multiplied by the number of indoor units. Therefore, when there are multiple indoor units, the operating time for preventing liquid backflow can be lengthened unnecessarily. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a cycle diagram of an air conditioner provided with a bypass passage between a liquid reservoir and a compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cycle diagram showing the constitution of the cycle during the refrigerant transfer operation of the air conditioner before the cold room operation of Fig. 1 and the flow direction of the refrigerant. Fig. 3 is a cycle diagram showing the constitution of the cycle during the refrigerant transfer operation before the warm room operation of the air conditioner in Fig. 1 and the flow direction of the refrigerant. Fig. 4 is a cycle diagram showing a cycle in which a flow control valve is provided in the bypass path h between the reservoir and the compressor of the air conditioner in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a cycle diagram showing a cycle in which the air conditioner of Fig. 1 uses a shut-off valve instead of a three-way valve. This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 OX297 mm) (Please read the note on the back before filling in this purchase) Order printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economics -24-4 6 47 4 9 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (22) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Figure 6 shows the cycle of the air conditioner shown in Figure 1 instead of the four-way valve and three-way valve using the six-way valve. In the configuration, the cycle diagram of the flow of the refrigerant during the refrigerant transfer operation before the refrigerant operation. Fig. 7 shows a cycle diagram of the flow of the refrigerant during the refrigerant transfer operation of the heating room operation of the air conditioner in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a cycle diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant during the operation of the air-conditioning chiller in Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a cycle diagram of the flow of the refrigerant during the operation of the air conditioner heating room in Fig. 6; Fig. 10 shows a cycle configuration and a flow direction of the refrigerant during the simultaneous refrigerant transfer operation of the two parties before the operation of the cold room using the three-mode four-way valve. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the structure of the three-mode four-way valve during the operation of the cold room and the flow of the refrigerant. Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the structure of the three-mode four-way valve when the greenhouse is operating and the flow of the refrigerant. Figure 13 shows the structure and flow direction of the refrigerant when the three-mode four-way valve is transferred. Figure 14 shows the three modes of the air conditioner instead of figure 10. In the four-way valve, the circulation structure of other embodiments using the on-off valve and the circulation diagram of the flow direction of the refrigerant when the refrigerant is in transit operation. The 15th vice is a cycle diagram of the circulation configuration and the refrigerant flow direction of the other embodiment in which two four-way valves are used instead of the three-mode four-way valve of the air conditioner shown in FIG. 10 and the refrigerant transfer operation. Figure 16 shows that the paper size of the cold paper when the cold room of the air conditioner in Figure 14 is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -25- 464749 A7 B7 Cycle diagram. Fig. 17 shows a circulation flow chart of the refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning unit of Fig. 14 is operating in a warm room. Fig. 18 is a cycle diagram of the constitution 1 of the cycle when one end of the bypass passage on the cycle of the embodiment of Fig. 1 is connected to the middle of the compression process of the compressor and the refrigerant flow direction during the refrigerant transfer operation. Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the compressor used in the cycle of Fig. 18; Figure 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of the reservoir used in an embodiment (please read the note on the back before filling out this page). The components are compared on the order 1 b order 3 4 5 employee consumption cooperation of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Du printed bbb compressor four-way valve heat source side heat exchanger pressure reducing device reservoir valve pressure reducing device using side heat exchanger blower three-way valve blower with pipeline! This paper size applies to China's National-Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) -26- 46 47 4 9 V. Description of the invention L) A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 14 Bypass 1 1 δ Outdoor Composition 16 ε i-b Interior composition 17 Flow regulating valve 19 Four-way valve 2 1 Room 2 2 Switching valve 2 3 ε 丨 b Spring 2 4 Space 2 5 Space 2 6 Moving passage wall 2 7 Partition wall 2 8a i — c Pressure Path 2 9a: -b On-off valve 3 1 a. --B Check valve 3 3 Bypass passage 4 4 Fixed scroll 4 5 End plate 5 0 Compressor 6 1 Bypass passage 6 2 Piping 6 3 a -b Gas exhaust hole 6 4 Baffle 7 0 Secondary passage (please first Read the notes on the reverse side and fill in this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) -27- A7 B7 464749 V. Description of the invention ^) 7 2 Flow point 7 4 Confluence point 7 5 Convergence point 8 0 Bypass path 8 1 / \ Port valve (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs® Industry and Consumer Cooperatives This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2IOX297 mm) -28-