TW202406146A - 高電子遷移率電晶體及其製作方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 72
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
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- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明揭露一種製作高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistor, HEMT)的方法,其主要先形成一緩衝層於基底上,形成一阻障層於該緩衝層上,形成一P型半導體層於該阻障層上,形成一閘極電極於該P型半導體層上,再形成一源極電極以及一汲極電極於該閘極電極兩側。其中緩衝層又細部包含一下半部具有第一碳濃度以及一上半部包含第二碳濃度,第二碳濃度小於第一碳濃度,且下半部厚度小於該上半部厚度。
Description
本發明是關於一種高電子遷移率電晶體及其製作方法。
以氮化鎵基材料(GaN-based materials)為基礎的高電子遷移率電晶體具有於電子、機械以及化學等特性上之眾多優點,例如寬能隙、高崩潰電壓、高電子遷移率、大彈性模數(elastic modulus)、高壓電與壓阻係數(high piezoelectric and piezoresistive coefficients)等與化學鈍性。上述優點使氮化鎵基材料可用於如高亮度發光二極體、功率開關元件、調節器、電池保護器、面板顯示驅動器、通訊元件等應用之元件的製作。
本發明一實施例揭露一種製作高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistor, HEMT)的方法,其主要先形成一緩衝層於基底上,形成一阻障層於該緩衝層上,形成一P型半導體層於該阻障層上,形成一閘極電極於該P型半導體層上,再形成一源極電極以及一汲極電極於該閘極電極兩側。其中緩衝層又細部包含一下半部具有第一碳濃度以及一上半部包含第二碳濃度,第二碳濃度小於第一碳濃度,且下半部厚度小於該上半部厚度。
本發明另一實施例揭露一種高電子遷移率電晶體,其主要包含一緩衝層設於基底上,一阻障層設於該緩衝層上以及一阻障層設於緩衝層上,一P型半導體層設於阻障層上,一閘極電極設於P型半導體層上以及一源極電極與一汲極電極設於閘極電極兩側。其中緩衝層又細部包含一下半部具有第一碳濃度以及一上半部包含第二碳濃度,第二碳濃度小於第一碳濃度,且下半部厚度小於該上半部厚度。
請參照第1圖至第3圖,第1圖至第3圖為本發明一實施例製作高電子遷移率電晶體之方法示意圖,其中第1圖與第3圖分別為本發明一實施例製作高電子遷移率電晶體之剖面示意圖而第2圖則為第1圖中緩衝層與相對碳含量之放大示意圖。如第1圖至第2圖所示,首先提供一基底12,例如一由矽、碳化矽或氧化鋁(或可稱藍寶石)所構成的基底,其中基底12可為單層基底、多層基底、梯度基底或上述之組合。依據本發明其他實施例基底12又可包含一矽覆絕緣(silicon-on-insulator, SOI)基底。
然後於基底12表面形成一選擇性核晶層(nucleation layer)(圖未示)、一超晶格堆疊層14以及一緩衝層16。在一實施例中,核晶層可包含氮化鋁(AlN),超晶格堆疊層14可由氮化鋁(AlN)與氮化鋁鎵(Al
xGa
1-xN)交替堆疊而成的複合層,而緩衝層16則包含III-V族半導體例如氮化鎵,其厚度可藉於0.5微米至10微米之間。在一實施例中,可利用分子束磊晶製程(molecular-beam epitaxy, MBE)、有機金屬氣相沉積(metal organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD)製程、化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)製程、氫化物氣相磊晶(hydride vapor phase epitaxy, HVPE)製程或上述組合於基底12上形成超晶格堆疊層14與緩衝層16。
如第2圖所示,緩衝層16由下至上包含一下半部18、一上半部20以及最頂部一通道區22,其中下半部18、上半部20以及通道區22本質上均由氮化鎵所構成,但下半部18與上半部20均摻雜有較高濃度的碳原子而通道區22則可摻雜有較低濃度的碳原子或無任何摻雜(undoped),且下半部18厚度較佳略小於上半部20厚度。
需注意的是,本實施例中下半部18的碳濃度較佳不同於或更具體而言較佳大於上半部20的碳濃度,而通道區22的碳濃度則分別小於下半部18與上半部20的碳濃度。從細部來看,下半部18包含第一碳濃度,上半部20包含第二碳濃度,通道區22包含第三碳濃度,其中通道區22的第三碳濃度較佳小於上半部20的第二碳濃度以及下半部18的第一碳濃度且上半部20的第二碳濃度又較佳小於下半部18的第一碳濃度,或反過來看第一碳濃度較佳大於第二碳濃度且第一碳濃度與第二碳濃度又分別大於第三碳濃度。依據本發明一實施例,第一碳濃度較佳介於5.0x10
18原子/立方公分至1.0x10
19原子/立方公分,第二碳濃度較佳介於1.0x10
18原子/立方公分至4.0x10
18原子/立方公分,第三碳濃度則較佳介於1.0x10
16原子/立方公分至1.0x10
17原子/立方公分。
隨後如第3圖所示,形成一阻障層24於緩衝層16表面。在本實施例中阻障層24較佳包含III-V族半導體例如N型氮化鋁鎵(Al
xGa
1-xN),其中0<x<1,阻障層24較佳包含一由磊晶成長製程所形成之磊晶層,且阻障層24可包含矽或鍺之摻質。如同上述形成緩衝層16的方式,可利用分子束磊晶製程(molecular-beam epitaxy, MBE)、有機金屬氣相沉積(metal organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD)製程、化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)製程、氫化物氣相磊晶(hydride vapor phase epitaxy, HVPE)製程或上述組合於緩衝層16上形成阻障層24。
然後先形成一圖案化之P型半導體層26於阻障層16上,形成一保護層28於阻障層24及P型半導體層26上,再形成一閘極電極30於P型半導體層26上以及源極電極32與汲極電極34於閘極電極30兩側,其中P型半導體層26與閘極電極30可一同構成一閘極結構。在一實施例中,P型半導體層26較佳包含P型氮化鎵,且可利用分子束磊晶製程(molecular-beam epitaxy, MBE)、有機金屬氣相沉積(metal organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD)製程、化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)製程、氫化物氣相磊晶(hydride vapor phase epitaxy, HVPE)製程或上述組合於阻障層24表面形成P型半導體層26,再利用微影曁蝕刻製程去除部分P型半導體層26形成圖案化之P型半導體層26。接著,可進行另一微影暨蝕刻製程去除P型半導體層26上的部分保護層28形成凹槽(圖未示),形成一閘極電極30於凹槽內,去除P型半導體層26兩側的部分保護層28甚至部分阻障層24形成二凹槽,再分別形成源極電極32與汲極電極34於閘極電極30兩側。
在本實施例中,閘極電極30、源極電極32以及汲極電極34較佳由金屬所構成,其中閘極電極30較佳由蕭特基金屬所構成而源極電極32與汲極電極34較佳由歐姆接觸金屬所構成。依據本發明一實施例,閘極電極30、源極電極32及汲極電極34可各自包含金、銀、鉑、鈦、鋁、鎢、鈀或其組合。在一些實施例中,可利用電鍍製程、濺鍍製程、電阻加熱蒸鍍製程、電子束蒸鍍製程、物理氣相沉積(physical vapor deposition, PVD)製程、化學氣相沉積製程(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)製程、或上述組合於上述凹槽內形成導電材料,然後再利用單次或多次蝕刻將電極材料圖案化以形成閘極電極30、源極電極32以及汲極電極34。至此即完成本發明一實施例之一高電子遷移率電晶體的製作。
一般而言,由於緩衝層16與阻障層24的材料能帶間隙(band gap)不同之故,緩衝層16與阻障層24的介面處數較佳形成異質接面(heterojunction)。異質接面處的能帶彎曲,導帶(conduction band)彎曲深處形成位能井(potential well),將壓電效應(piezoelectricity)所產生的電子約束於位能井中產生一通道區並形成二微電子氣(two-dimensional electron gas, 2DEG),進而形成導通電流。
然而現行緩衝層的設計中,對應前述實施例上半部20的緩衝層雖與本發明一樣是由摻雜碳原子的氮化鎵所構成但對應前述實施例下半部18的緩衝層則通常是由無摻雜(undoped)的氮化鎵所構成,其中無摻雜的氮化鎵緩衝層由於較低的位能井容易使通道區的電子注入(inject)至深層或下半部18的緩衝層內造成放電(discharge)現象,進而降低2DEG並使阻值提升。
為了解決此問題本發明主要調整緩衝層中下半部18與上半部20中的碳濃度,特別是將下半部18的碳濃度調整至高於上半部20的碳濃度,使上半部20至下半部18的碳濃度產生一階梯式的成長,如此即可抑制位能井產生,避免載子進入下層或下半部20的緩衝層中進而降低放電現象。
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例,凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化與修飾,皆應屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。
12:基底
14:超晶格堆疊層
16:緩衝層
18:下半部
20:上半部
22:通道區
24:阻障層
26:P型半導體層
28:保護層
30:閘極電極
32:源極電極
34:汲極電極
第1圖至第3圖為本發明一實施例製作高電子遷移率電晶體之方法示意圖。
12:基底
14:超晶格堆疊層
16:緩衝層
24:阻障層
26:P型半導體層
28:保護層
30:閘極電極
32:源極電極
34:汲極電極
Claims (20)
- 一種製作高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistor, HEMT)的方法,其特徵在於,包含: 形成一緩衝層於一基底上,該緩衝層包含: 一下半部包含第一碳濃度; 一上半部包含第二碳濃度;以及 形成一阻障層於該緩衝層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,另包含: 形成一通道區於該上半部以及該阻障層之間; 形成一P型半導體層於該阻障層上; 形成一閘極電極於該P型半導體層上;以及 形成一源極電極以及一汲極電極於該閘極電極兩側。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之方法,其中該通道區包含第三碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之方法,其中該第三碳濃度小於該第二碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之方法,其中該第三碳濃度小於該第一碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該第二碳濃度小於該第一碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該下半部厚度小於該上半部厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該緩衝層包含氮化鎵(GaN)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該阻障層包含氮化鋁鎵(Al xGa 1-xN)。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之方法,其中該P型半導體層包含P型氮化鎵。
- 一種高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistor, HEMT),其特徵在於,包含: 一緩衝層設於一基底上,該緩衝層包含: 一下半部包含第一碳濃度; 一上半部包含第二碳濃度;以及 一阻障層設於該緩衝層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,另包含: 一通道區設於該上半部以及該阻障層之間; 一P型半導體層設於該阻障層上; 一閘極電極設於該P型半導體層上;以及 一源極電極以及一汲極電極設於該閘極電極兩側。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該通道區包含第三碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該第三碳濃度小於該第二碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該第三碳濃度小於該第一碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該第二碳濃度小於該第一碳濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該下半部厚度小於該上半部厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該緩衝層包含氮化鎵(GaN)。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該阻障層包含氮化鋁鎵(Al xGa 1-xN)。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之高電子遷移率電晶體,其中該P型半導體層包含P型氮化鎵。
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CN202210979121.XA CN117525112A (zh) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-16 | 高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法 |
US17/896,096 US12369371B2 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-26 | High electron mobility transistor and method for fabricating the same |
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