TW202405385A - Structure of load gauge and method for measuring load eccentricity thereof capable of measuring the load eccentricity without being affected by the end point effect for engineering and industrial purposes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a structure of a load gauge and a method for measuring a load eccentricity thereof. The structure mainly includes a body unit, a plurality of sensing components, a protective shell set, an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things) modular block and a modular block protection box and an end plate flange set. As a result, the load gauge can measure the load eccentricity and is not affected by the end point effect for engineering and industrial purposes. The load gauge is equipped with an AIoT modular block, which can monitor the load eccentric quantity during a loading process, and can use this eccentric quantity to accurately install the load gauge. The AIoT modular block is installed on the load gauge. According to the load eccentricity algorithm, the calculated load and its load eccentricity equation are written into an AIoT module of the AIoT modular block, and are transmitted to a display screen through a serial communication port or are transmitted to a cloud database and a personal mobile device through wifi. When the eccentricity exceeds an allowable value, a warning flash or sound can be sent to alert the user.

Description

The structure of the load gauge and the method of measuring the load eccentricity

The invention relates to the structure of a load meter and a method for measuring load eccentricity. It is an engineering and industrial load meter that can measure load eccentricity and is not affected by end point effects. This load meter has its own Aiot module and can monitor The load eccentricity during the loading process can also be used to accurately install the load gauge.

In Taiwan, during the process of applying prestress to ground anchors, it is common to see that the reading of the electronic load gauge is 20 to 30% lower than the reading of the jack. This makes the engineering community use the jack load value or the electronic load gauge when testing ground anchors. Worthy, troubled and unsolvable.

As shown in Figure 1, it is the research result of Professor Liao Hongjun, a well-known scholar in my country's ground anchor research, who proves that both resistive and vibrating wire load meters are less than the jack load value, with an average of about 7% and 25% respectively. It is believed that the reason why the value of the vibrating wire type is greater than that of the resistive type may be that there are only three sets of sensing elements installed inside the vibrating wire load meter, which is greatly affected by the eccentric load. In addition, it is also proposed that the area of the jack is approximately equal to the area of the load meter, then There is little difference between the two. This result is consistent with the research by foreign scholars in Dunnicliff, J. (1988). Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance, John Wiley & Sons, New York, which pointed out that the hollow load gauge is susceptible to eccentric load and end loads. End effects are consistent.

However, the above-mentioned deviation is not solely caused by the eccentricity and end effect of the load gauge. It is because the designers of the conventional hollow load gauge may misunderstand that the mechanical behavior of the structural unit of the hollow load gauge is an "element" behavior. It is said that the stress or strain at any point on the hollow cylinder is the same everywhere, so sensing elements such as resistive or vibrating wire strain gauges are mounted on the outer wall or outside of the hollow cylinder, and the load gauge is calibrated accordingly. The user can also Apply according to the factory calibration value; if the user's application conditions are different from the production calibration conditions, such as end plate flange size, material and force application position, etc., but the user still uses the factory calibration value to calculate the load value, it will Derived deviation, and this deviation is what scholars call the end effect.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an engineering and industrial load meter that can measure load eccentricity and is not affected by end-point effects. This load meter is equipped with an Aiot (Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things) module and can monitor the load process. The load eccentricity can also be used to accurately install the load gauge.

The structure of the load gauge of the present invention is mainly composed of a body unit, several sensing elements, a protective shell group, an Aiot module and a module protection box; the body unit is a hollow cylindrical shape. The upper and lower parts of the wall are each provided with an inner convex ring. The upper and lower parts of the outer wall of the body unit are each provided with an outer convex ring. The wall of the body unit is provided with several through holes. The top and bottom surfaces of the body unit are each provided with an outer convex ring. There are several screw holes; several sensing elements are fixed on the inner and outer walls of the body unit in pairs; the protective shell set is composed of an inner protective shell and an outer protective shell. The protective shell system is located inside the body unit, and the outer protective shell system is located outside the body unit. The wall of the outer protective shell is provided with wire through holes; the Aiot module is located on the outer protective shell. On the outer wall, the Aiot module includes a sensing component serial port, ADC/FV conversion module, Aiot module, communication serial port, data recording module, power management module and display screen. The software embedded in the Aiot module can Provides real-time analysis and early warning function of load eccentricity; the module protection box is located on the outer wall of the outer protective shell, and covers the Aiot module. The module protection box is equipped with a wireless antenna and a power supply signal line, the module protection box is provided with a protective cover on the upper cover.

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, the inner convex ring and the outer convex ring on the upper part of the main body unit are each provided with a plurality of buckling holes, and the upper parts of the inner protective shell and the outer protective shell correspond to the holes of the main body unit. Each buckle hole position is provided with a buckle through hole, and the inner protective shell and the outer protective shell are respectively fixed on the inner and outer walls of the body unit through fasteners.

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, the wall surface of the main body unit is provided with no less than three grooves, or the wall surface of the main body unit is provided with no less than three through holes for the placement of the sensing element. .

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, the sensing element is a resistance strain gauge. The resistance strain gauge is provided with a base. Several resistance wires and connection points are provided on the base. The connection points are provided with wires, and The resistance strain gauge can be set as a full-bridge resistance strain gauge, a half-bridge resistance strain gauge, a quarter-bridge resistance strain gauge or a rosette resistance strain gauge. Full-bridge resistance strain gauge and half-bridge resistance strain gauge It has its own temperature compensation function, while quarter-bridge and rosette resistance strain gauges need to be supplemented by temperature sensing elements to correct thermal strains caused by temperature differences.

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, the sensing element is a vibrating wire strain gauge. The vibrating wire strain gauge is provided with a steel string, and an electromagnetic coil assembly is provided on the steel string to excite the steel string. There are wires on the electromagnetic coil assembly, and the vibrating wire strain gauge needs to be supplemented by a temperature sensing element to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference.

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, the protective shell group is a full sleeve fastener type or a full sleeve fastener type or a half sleeve fastener type, and the half sleeve fastener type protective shell group is Cut out its shell consisting of a semicircle.

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, the wire through-hole of the outer protective shell is provided with fixing holes and buckle holes, and the inner protective shell and the upper part of the outer protective shell are respectively provided with several buckle through holes. The Aiot module is provided with a snap-on hole corresponding to the fixing hole on the outer protective shell. The Aiot module is fixed on the outer protective shell through the snap-on component, and the module protection box is provided with a snap-on hole corresponding to the fixing hole on the outer protective shell. The outer protective shell is provided with a buckle hole at the position of the buckle hole. The module protection box is also provided with several buckle holes. The protective cover is provided with a buckle hole corresponding to the position of the buckle hole on the module protection box. The module protection box is fixed on the outer protective casing through fasteners, or the module protection box is directly welded or bonded to the outer wall of the outer protective casing, and the protective cover is fixed on the module protection casing. on the box.

In the structure of the load gauge of the present invention, an end plate flange group is configured according to the use requirements of the load gauge. The end plate flange group is located on the top or bottom surface of the body unit. The end plate flange group is provided with a shaft. Compression type top plate flange, axial pressure type bottom end plate flange, anchor type end plate flange and full force type end plate flange. The axial pressure type top plate flange is connected with the axial pressure type bottom end plate flange. A load gauge used for material compression testing. The axial pressure top plate flange is provided with screw holes corresponding to the screw holes on the top surface of the body unit. The axial pressure top plate flange is provided with a screw hole in the middle of the top surface. Ball groove, the bottom surface of the axial pressure top plate flange is provided with a load gauge embedding groove, the top surface of the axial pressure type bottom end plate flange is provided with a load gauge embedding groove, the axial pressure type bottom end plate flange is provided with a load gauge embedding groove There are screw holes corresponding to the screw holes on the bottom surface of the body unit, and the anchor cable-type end plate flange is used for the anchor cable load meter. The top surface of the anchor cable-type end plate flange is provided with an anchor head embedding groove. , the anchor head embedding groove is provided with a screw through hole corresponding to each screw hole position of the body unit, the anchor head embedding groove is also provided with at least three positioning holes, and the bottom surface of the anchor cable end plate flange is provided with There is a load gauge embedded in the slot, and the full-force end plate flange is a load gauge used to measure pressure, tension, torque, etc. The full-force end plate flange is provided with several screw through holes and several connecting holes. The screw holes of the full-force end plate flange correspond to the positions of the screw holes of the body unit. The connecting holes of the full-force end plate flange can be used for connecting external components. The bottom surface of the full-force end plate flange is provided with The load gauge is embedded in the groove.

The structure of the load gauge of the present invention is mainly composed of a body flange, several sensing elements, a protective shell group, an Aiot module and a module protection box; the body flange is provided with a body part and a flange part , the body part is set as a hollow cylindrical shape, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the body part are respectively provided with inner convex rings and outer convex rings at the upper and lower parts, and the inner convex ring and the outer convex ring are provided at the upper part of the body part. There are several fastening holes, and the wall surface of the body part is provided with several through holes, slots or through holes. The upper and lower parts of the body part are provided with the flange part, and the flange part is provided with several connecting holes; The sensing element is fixed on the inner and outer walls or the through-hole wall of the body part of the body flange; the protective shell set is composed of an inner protective shell and an outer protective shell. The inner protective shell The system is located inside the body part of the body flange, the outer protective shell system is located outside the body part of the body flange, and the wall surface of the outer protective shell is provided with wire through holes; the Aiot module is located on On the outer wall of the outer protective shell, the Aiot module includes a sensing component serial port, an ADC/FV conversion module, an Aiot module, a communication serial port, a data recording module, a power management module and a display screen. The Aiot module The embedded software in the module can provide real-time analysis and early warning functions of load eccentricity; the module protection box is located on the outer wall of the outer protective shell, and the module protection box is also placed on the Aiot module. On the module protection box It is equipped with a wireless antenna and a power signal line. The module protection box is also covered with a protective cover.

The measuring method of load eccentricity in the present invention is to install the Aiot module on the load meter and calculate it according to the calculation formula of the load eccentricity algorithm. , , the calculated load will be found and its load eccentricity , The equation is written into the Aiot module of the Aiot module and transmitted to the display screen via the communication serial port or to the cloud database and personal mobile device via wifi. When the eccentricity exceeds the allowable value, a warning flash or sound will be emitted to alert the user. .

The structure of the load gauge and the method for measuring the load eccentricity of the present invention have the following advantages: it can measure the load eccentricity and is not affected by the end point effect for engineering and industrial purposes. It can monitor the load eccentricity amount in the loading process and also use this eccentricity. The load gauge is accurately installed by Lianglai, and an Aiot module is installed on the protective shell of the load gauge. The load and the load eccentricity equation can be written into its Aiot module and transmitted to the display screen through the communication serial port or via Wifi. To the cloud database and personal mobile devices, when the eccentricity exceeds the allowable value, a warning flash or sound can be emitted to remind the user.

Regarding the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purposes and effects, the best and feasible embodiments are listed below and are shown in the drawings. The details are as follows:

The structure of the load gauge of the present invention is shown in Figures 2A to 7D. It mainly includes a body unit 1, several sensing elements 2, a protective shell group 3, and an Aiot (Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things) module 4 And it is composed of a module protection box 5 and an end plate flange set 6. The structure of the body unit 1 should be easy to mount the sensing element 2, and can directly or indirectly sense its strain that is not affected by the end effect. Or the stress value, the body unit 1 can be a hollow cylinder (as shown in Figure 2A), the upper and lower parts of the inner wall of the body unit 1 are each provided with an inner convex ring 11, the upper and lower parts of the outer wall of the body unit 1 Each part is provided with an outer convex ring 12. The inner convex ring 11 and the outer convex ring 12 on the upper part of the body unit 1 are both provided with several fastening holes 13 (which can be screw holes). The wall surface of the body unit 1 is provided with an outer convex ring 12. There are several through holes 14, and several screw holes 15 are respectively provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the body unit 1. Several sensing elements 2 are arranged in pairs inside and outside the body unit 1 on the inner and outer walls. No less than three slots 16 (as shown in Figure 2B) may be provided on the wall surface of the main body unit 1, or no less than three rectangular through holes 17 may be provided on the wall surface of the main body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 2B). As shown in Figure 2C, including a rectangular hole), or there are no less than three circular through holes 18 (as shown in Figure 2D, including an oval hole) on the wall of the body unit 1, etc. The sensing element 2 is provided, and the mounting of the sensing element 2 needs to be able to sense the diversity and combinability of pressure, tension and torsion, and to be able to directly or indirectly sense strain that is not affected by the end effect. Or stress value, the sensing element 2 can be a resistance strain gauge 21 or a vibrating wire strain gauge 22. The resistance strain gauge 21 is provided with a base 211, and several resistance wires 212 and connection points are provided on the base 211. 213. The wiring point 213 is provided with a wire 214, and the resistance strain gauge 21 can be set as a full-bridge resistance strain gauge (as shown in Figure 3A, it is composed of four single-chip resistance strain gauges 21 It is formed by series connection of bridge circuit), half-bridge type resistance strain gauge (as shown in Figure 3B, it is half of the full bridge type), quarter-bridge type resistance strain gauge (as shown in Figure 3C) As shown in the figure, it is a single-chip resistance strain gauge 21) or a rosette-type resistance strain gauge (as shown in Figure 3D, it is a three-chip resistance strain gauge 21). The full-bridge and half-bridge types The bridge type resistance strain gauge 21 has its own temperature compensation function, while the monolithic type (i.e. quarter bridge type, rosette type) resistance strain gauge 21 needs to be supplemented by a temperature sensing element to correct the temperature difference caused by Thermal strain, and the vibrating wire strain gauge 22 is provided with a steel string 221. The steel string 221 is provided with an electromagnetic coil assembly 222 to excite the steel string 221. The electromagnetic coil assembly 222 is provided with a conductor 223. The two ends of the string 221 are fixed between the inner and outer convex rings 11 and 12 of the body unit 1 or in the grooves 16 or rectangular holes 17 or circular holes 18. The vibrating wire strain gauge 22 also needs Supplemented by a temperature sensing element to correct thermal strains caused by temperature differences, the protective shell set 3 is composed of an inner protective shell 31 and an outer protective shell 32. It is a thin-shell round tube sleeve used for To protect the sensing element 2 on the body unit 1, the inner protection shell 31 is located inside the body unit 1, and the outer protection shell 32 is located outside the body unit 1. The outer protection shell 31 is located on the inside of the body unit 1. The wall surface of 32 is provided with wire through holes 320, fixing holes 321 and buckle holes 322. The protective shell group 3 is configured as a full sleeve fastener type (as shown in Figure 4A) or a full sleeve type (as shown in Figure 4A). 4B) or half-sleeve fastener type (as shown in Figure 4C), the upper part of the inner protective shell 31 and the outer protective shell 32 of the full-sleeve fastener type and the half-sleeve fastener type Each part is provided with a plurality of fastening through holes 310 and 323, and the half-sleeve fastener type protective shell set 3 is formed by cutting it in half into a semicircle, and the Aiot module 4 is installed in the outer protective shell 32 On the outer wall, the Aiot module 4 is provided with a snap through hole 40 corresponding to the fixing hole 321 on the outer protective shell 32 (as shown in Figure 6). The Aiot module 4 includes a sensing element serial port 41 , ADC/FV conversion module 42, Aiot module 43, communication serial port 44, data recording module 45, power management module 46 and display screen 47, etc. (as shown in Figure 5), Aiot module 43 is embedded with AI The software can provide functions such as real-time analysis and early warning of load eccentricity. The module protection box 5 (as shown in Figure 6) is located on the outer wall of the outer protection shell 32. The module protection box 5 also covers the Aiot. On the module 4, the module protection box 5 is provided with several snap-on holes 50 and snap-on holes 51. The module protection box 5 is provided with a wireless antenna 52 and a power signal line 53. The upper cover of the module protection box 5 is provided with There is a protective cover 54, which is provided with fastening holes 55. The end plate flange group 6 is appropriately configured according to the use requirements of the load gauge. The end plate flange group 6 is located on the body unit 1. On the top or bottom surface, the end plate flange group 6 is provided with an axial pressure top plate flange 61 (as shown in Figure 7A), an axial pressure bottom end plate flange 62 (as shown in Figure 7B), an anchor Cable type end plate flange 63 (as shown in Figure 7C) and full force end plate flange 64 (as shown in Figure 7D), etc., the axial pressure type top plate flange 61 and the axial pressure type bottom end plate The flange 62 is usually used as a load gauge for material compression tests. The axial pressure top plate flange 61 is provided with a screw through hole 610 corresponding to the screw hole 15 on the top surface of the body unit 1. The axial pressure top plate method A spherical groove 611 is provided in the middle of the top surface of the flange 61. The bottom surface of the axial pressure top plate flange 61 is provided with a load gauge embedding groove 612. The top surface of the axial pressure bottom plate flange 62 is provided with a load gauge. In addition to the embedded groove 620, the axial pressure bottom end plate flange 62 is provided with a screw through hole 621 corresponding to the screw hole 15 on the bottom surface of the body unit 1, and the anchor cable end plate flange 63 is mainly used for anchor cables. Load gauge, the top surface of the anchor cable end plate flange 63 is provided with an anchor head embedding groove 630, and the anchor head embedding groove 630 is provided with a screw through hole 631 corresponding to each screw hole 15 of the body unit 1. The anchor head embedding groove 630 is also provided with at least three positioning holes 632. The bottom surface of the anchor cable type end plate flange 63 is provided with a load gauge embedding groove 633, and the full-force end plate flange 64 is used for measurement. For load gauges such as pressure, tension and torsion, the full-force end plate flange 64 is provided with several screw through holes 640 and several connecting holes 641. The screw through holes 640 correspond to each screw hole 15 of the body unit 1. Position, the connecting hole 641 can be used for connecting external components, and the bottom surface of the full-force end plate flange 64 is provided with a load gauge embedding groove 642. In this way, it is a load gauge structure.

According to the conditions under which the load gauge is to measure the load force, select the most appropriate sensing element 2, and paste the resistance strain gauge 21 or install the sinusoidal strain gauge 22 on the body unit 1 to facilitate the calculation of load eccentricity. , the number of mountings is no less than three. Please refer to Figure 8A to Figure 8H for the mounting location and method. The instructions are as follows: (1) Mounting position: The resistance strain gauge 21 can be pasted on the relative positions of the inner and outer walls of the body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 8A), so that the average value can be obtained to represent the strain value in the middle of the cylindrical wall of the body unit 1; for For the body unit 1 provided with a rectangular through hole 17 or a circular through hole 18, the resistive strain gauge 21 can also be pasted on the wall of the through hole (as shown in Figure 8B) to directly obtain the body unit 1 The strain value at the middle of the cylindrical wall; for those with a quarter bridge type resistance strain gauge 21 (as shown in Figure 3C) or a rosette type resistance strain gauge 21 (as shown in Figure 3D), At least one temperature sensing element must be installed to correct thermal strains caused by temperature differences. The vibrating wire strain gauge 22 can be installed on the inner convex ring 11 and the outer convex ring 12 at the relative upper and lower positions of the inner and outer walls of the body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 8C), so as to obtain the average value to represent the body. The strain value in the middle of the cylindrical wall of unit 1; for the main unit 1 provided with rectangular through holes 17 or circular through holes 18, the vibrating wire strain gauge 22 can also be installed in the middle of these through holes. (As shown in Figure 8D), to directly obtain the strain value in the middle of the cylindrical wall of the body unit 1, and install at least one temperature sensing element to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference. (2) Mounting method: The pasting method of resistance strain gauge 21: The pasting method of full bridge, half bridge and quarter bridge resistance strain gauge 21 in the same direction as the force is called the positive pasting method (such as Figure 8A, Figure 8B As shown in the figure), it can be used to measure the load of axial pressure and tension. If it is set at an angle θ (usually θ = 45˚), the load meter that can be used to measure torsion is called the oblique sticking method ( As shown in Figure 8E and Figure 8F), the two can be used together to measure pressure, tension and torsion (as shown in Figure 8G); and the rosette-type resistive strain gauge 21 (as shown in Figure 3D) (shown below) can also be used as a load meter for measuring pressure, tension and torque. The installation method of the vibrating wire strain gauge 22 is the same as that of the resistance strain gauge 21, that is, it is installed in the same direction as the force. It can be used to measure the axial pressure and tension loads. It is called the formal installation method (such as Section 8C (shown in Figure 8D), if it forms an angle θ (usually θ = 45˚), it can be used to measure the load gauge of torsion, which is called the oblique installation method (as shown in Figure 8H). Both can be used together. It is a load meter that can measure pressure, tension and torque. In addition, the bonding method of the resistance strain gauge 21 and the installation method of the vibrating wire strain gauge 22 can also be combined and mounted.

Wiring of the sensing element 2: Weld or connect the power and signal wires 214 to the connection points 213 of the sensing element 2. The wires 214 or 223 of the sensing element 2 located on the inner side of the body unit 1 pass through the body. The through hole 14 of the unit 1 or the rectangular through hole 17 or the circular through hole 18 provided therein reaches the outer side of the body unit 1, and then is integrated with the wires 214 or 223 of the sensing element 2 on the outer side, and then passes through the outer side. The wire through hole 320 of the protective shell 32 is connected to the sensing element serial port 41 of the Aiot module 4, and the sensing element 2 is tested to ensure that the sensing element 2 is normal and within the error tolerance.

Assembling the protective shell set 3, Aiot module 4 and module protection box 5: Connect the wires 214 or 223 of the fully tested sensing element 2 to the sensing element serial port 41 of the Aiot module 4. After the test is correct, connect the Aiot module 4 The fasteners 70 are inserted through the fastening holes 40 and locked to the fixing holes 321 of the outer protective shell 32 to assemble each other, and the wireless antenna 52 and the power signal line 53 are assembled on the module protection box 5. After the system test is correct, the fastener 70 is inserted into the fastening hole 50 of the module protection box 5, and the module protection box 5 is locked on the fastening hole 322 of the outer protective shell 32, or the module is locked. The protective box 5 is directly welded or bonded to the outer wall of the outer protective case 32, and the fastening member 70 is inserted through the fastening hole 55 of the protective cover 54 and locked on the fastening hole 51 of the module protection box 5. The protective cover 54 is fixed on the module protection box 5 .

The protective shell group 3 can select the style of the inner protective shell 31 and the outer protective shell 32 of the load meter according to the purpose of the load meter, as shown in Figures 4A to 4C, or the internal protection in Figures 4A to 4C The housing 31 and the outer protective housing 32 are used interchangeably.

Load gauges are widely used in industry or engineering. For different purposes and to measure different load forces, the load gauges disclosed in the present invention can be combined according to the various structures. The assembly description of each embodiment is as follows:

The first embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 9A and 9B, is a resistance load meter without end plate flange. Its function is to measure shaft pressure and shaft tension. It is mainly equipped with a It consists of a body unit 1, no less than three pairs of sensing elements 2, a protective shell set 3 (including an inner protective shell 31 and an outer protective shell 32), an Aiot module 4 and a module protective box 5. The body unit 1 is a hollow cylindrical shape (as shown in Figure 2A), the sensing element 2 is a full-bridge resistance strain gauge 21 (as shown in Figure 3A), and the protective shell group 3 is a full sleeve The assembly method of the fastener type (as shown in Figure 4A) is to stick no less than three pairs of full-bridge resistive strain gauges 21 to the relative positions of the inner and outer walls of the body unit 1 by the positive attachment method. above, use the average value to represent the strain value in the middle of the cylindrical wall, pass the wire 214 of the resistive strain gauge 21 located on the inner side of the body unit 1 through the through hole 14 of the body unit 1 to the outer side of the body unit 1 , and then integrated with the wires 214 of the resistance strain gauge 21 on the outside, pass through the wire through holes 320 of the outer protective shell 32 to connect to the sensing element serial port 41 of the Aiot module 4, and then buckle the whole sleeve The one-piece inner protective shell 31 is assembled inside the body unit 1, and the fastening member 70 passes through the fastening hole 310 of the inner protective shell 31 and the fastening hole on the inner protruding ring 11 inside the main body unit 1. 13 is fixed; secondly, set the outer protective shell 32 with the module protective box 5 buckled or welded to the outside of the main body unit 1, and then use the fastener 70 to connect to the main body through the fastening hole 323 of the outer protective shell 32 The buckle hole 13 on the outer convex ring 12 on the outside of the unit 1 is fixed to complete the assembly of the load gauge. The full sleeve fastener type protective shell set 3 is used to protect the sensing element 2, and the first embodiment In order to allow the screw hole 15 of the main body unit 1 to be used by the user, the load gauge has no end plate flange set 6.

The second embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 10, is a resistance load meter without end plate flange. Its function and main structure are the same as those shown in the first embodiment. The difference is the main body. The unit 1 is provided with several rectangular through holes 17 (as shown in Figure 2C). The protective shell set 3 is a full sleeve type (as shown in Figure 4B). The assembly method is to combine no less than three pairs of The full-bridge resistance strain gauge 21 is pasted on the center of the wall of the rectangular through hole 17 of the body unit 1 by the front-facing method. In addition to directly measuring the strain value that is not affected by the end effect, the wires of each resistance strain gauge 21 214 is connected to the sensing element serial port 41 of the Aiot module 4, and then the full sleeve-type inner protective shell 31 is assembled inside the body unit 1 in a pressing manner. Next, the module protection is buckled or welded. The outer protective shell 32 of the box 5 is tightly mounted on the outside of the main body unit 1, and the full sleeve protective shell set 3 is fixed inside and outside the main body unit 1 to complete the assembly.

The third embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 11, is a vibrating wire loadmeter without end plate flange. Its function and main structure are the same as those shown in the first embodiment. The difference is that The sensing element 2 is changed to a vibrating wire strain gauge 22 (as shown in Figure 3E). The assembly method is to install no less than three pairs of vibrating wire strain gauges 22 in the body unit 1 in a formal manner. , on the relative position of the outer wall surface, the strain value at the middle of the cylindrical wall of the body unit 1 is represented by taking the average value, and at least one temperature sensing element is provided to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference. The vibrating wire strain gauge The wiring method of 22 is the same as the wiring method of the above-mentioned resistive strain gauge 21. The rest of the structure and assembly method are the same as those of the first embodiment, so they will not be described again.

The fourth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 12, is a vibrating wire load gauge without end plate flange. Its function and main structure are the same as those shown in the first embodiment. The difference is that The body unit 1 is provided with several rectangular through holes 17 (as shown in Figure 2C), the sensing element 2 is a vibrating wire strain gauge 22 (as shown in Figure 3E), and the protective shell group 3 is a full sleeve Formula (as shown in Figure 4B), the assembly method is to install no less than three pairs of vibrating wire strain gauges 22 on the center of the wall of the rectangular through hole 17 of the body unit 1 in a formal manner, so as to directly Measure the strain value that is not affected by the end effect, and set at least one temperature sensing element to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference. The full sleeve type protective shell set 3 is assembled on the main body unit 1 in the same way. As shown in the second embodiment, the wiring method of the vibrating wire strain gauge 22 is also the same as the wiring method of the above-mentioned resistive strain gauge 21. The rest of the structure and assembly method are the same as the first embodiment, so they will not be described again. .

The fifth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 13A and 13B, is a resistive axial pressure load meter. Its function is to measure the axial pressure load and is usually used in material compression tests. The main structure is the same as that shown in the first embodiment. The difference is that an end plate flange set 6 is added to the body unit 1. The end plate flange set 6 includes an axial pressure top plate flange 61 and an axial pressure top plate flange 61. The assembly method of the bottom end plate flange 62 (as shown in Figures 7A and 7B) is the same as that of the first embodiment, and then the axial pressure top end plate flange 61 is assembled above the body unit 1 , insert the top of the body unit 1 into the load gauge embedding groove 612 on the bottom surface of the axial pressure top plate flange 61, and align the screw holes 610 of the axial pressure top plate flange 61 with the screw holes on the top surface of the body unit 1 15. Then use the screw 71 to pass through the screw hole 610 and screw it into the screw hole 15 on the top surface of the body unit 1. Fix the axial pressure top plate flange 61 above the body unit 1, and also secure the top plate flange 61 to the top of the body unit 1. The axial pressure bottom end plate flange 62 is provided below the body unit 1, so that the bottom of the body unit 1 is embedded in the load gauge embedding groove 620 on the top surface of the axial pressure bottom end plate flange 62, so that the axial pressure bottom end plate The screw hole 621 of the flange 62 is aligned with the screw hole 15 on the bottom of the body unit 1, and then the screw 71 is passed through the screw hole 621 and screwed into the screw hole 15 on the bottom of the body unit 1, and the shaft is The compression bottom end plate flange 62 is fixed below the body unit 1. In this way, the resistance type axial compression load meter is assembled.

The sixth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 14, is a vibrating wire axial pressure loadmeter. Its function is the same as that shown in the fifth embodiment, and its main structure is the same as that shown in the third embodiment. , the difference is that the end plate flange group 6 is added to the body unit 1. The end plate flange group 6 includes an axial pressure top plate flange 61 and an axial pressure bottom end plate flange 62 (as shown in Section 7A 7B), the assembly method is the same as that of the third embodiment and the fifth embodiment. The axial pressure top plate flange 61 and the axial pressure bottom plate flange 62 are respectively assembled on the body. Above and below Unit 1.

The seventh embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 15A and 15B, is a resistance-type anchor cable load meter. Its function is to measure the axial pressure load. It is usually used to measure the anchor cable load. Monitoring, the main structure is the same as that in the first embodiment, the difference is that an anchor cable type end plate flange 63 is added to the body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 7C), and its assembly method is the same as that in the first embodiment. The embodiment is the same, and the anchor cable type end plate flange 63 is assembled above the body unit 1 .

The eighth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 16, is a vibrating wire anchor cable load meter. Its function is the same as that shown in the seventh embodiment, and its main structure is the same as that shown in the third embodiment. , the difference is that an anchor cable-type end plate flange 63 is added to the body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 7C). The assembly method is the same as the third embodiment, and then the anchor cable-type end plate flange is 63 is arranged above the main body unit 1.

The ninth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 17A and Figure 17B, is a resistance type torsion load meter. Its function is a load meter used to measure torsion. It is generally used to measure torsion or shear force. Measured, the main structure is the same as that shown in the first embodiment, the difference is that a full-force end plate flange 64 is added above and below the body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 7D), and the assembly method is Similar to the first embodiment, the difference is that no less than three pairs of resistance strain gauges 21 are adhered to the relative positions of the inner and outer walls of the body unit 1 by the diagonal pasting method, and then two full-force end plate flanges 64 are attached. They are respectively arranged above and below the main body unit 1.

The tenth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 18, is a vibrating wire torsion load meter. Its function is the same as that shown in the ninth embodiment, and its main structure is similar to that shown in the fourth embodiment. The difference is that the protective shell set 3 is made of a full sleeve fastener type (as shown in Figure 4A), and several fastening holes are provided on the upper parts of the inner protective shell 31 and the outer protective shell 32. 310, 323, and are fixed to the inside and outside of the body unit 1 by fasteners 70, and a full-force end plate flange 64 is added above and below the body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 7D (shown), the assembly method is similar to the fourth embodiment, the difference is that no less than three pairs of vibrating wire strain gauges 22 are installed obliquely on the center of the wall of the rectangular through hole 17 of the body unit 1 (As shown in Figure 8H), thereby directly measuring the strain value that is not affected by the end effect, and setting at least one temperature sensing element to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference, and then connect the two full-force end plate flanges 64 The screws 71 are respectively assembled above and below the body unit 1 .

The present invention can also integrate the body unit 1 and the end plate flange 6 by welding or welding to form the body flange 8. Please refer to Figures 19A to 19D. It is mainly used to measure the load of tension and torsion. According to the design, the body flange 8 is provided with a body part 81 and a flange part 82. The body part 81 is made into a hollow cylindrical shape (as shown in Figure 19A). The upper and lower parts of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the body part 81 are respectively An inner convex ring 811 and an outer convex ring 812 are provided. The inner convex ring 811 and the outer convex ring 812 are provided with a plurality of buckling holes 813 on the upper part of the body part 81. The wall surface of the body part 81 is provided with several through holes. 814. The flange part 82 is provided on both the upper and lower parts of the body part 81. The flange part 82 is provided with several connecting holes 820. In addition, no less than three strips may be provided on the wall of the body part 81. The groove 815 (as shown in Figure 19B) or is provided with no less than three rectangular through holes 816 (as shown in Figure 19C, including a right rectangular hole) on the wall surface of the body portion 81 or is provided on the wall of the body portion 81 There are no less than three circular through holes 817 (including oval holes as shown in Figure 19D) on the wall for the sensing element 2 to be installed.

The eleventh embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 20A and 20B, is a resistance type torsion load meter. Its function is the same as that shown in the ninth embodiment, and the main structure is provided with a body flange. 8. It is composed of several sensing elements 2, a protective shell group 3 (as shown in Figure 4C), an Aiot module 4 and a module protection box 5. The body flange 8 is provided with a rectangular through hole 816 (such as (As shown in Figure 19C), the sensing element 2 is a resistive strain gauge 21, and the protective shell group 3 is a half-sleeve fastener type (as shown in Figure 4C, it is provided with an inner protective shell 31 and an outer protective shell. Body 32), the rest of the structure is the same as the first embodiment, and the assembly method is to stick no less than three pairs of resistance strain gauges 21 to the wall of the rectangular through hole 816 of the body part 81 of the body flange 8 in an oblique manner. At the center position, the strain value that is not affected by the end effect can be directly measured, and the protective shell 31 of the half-sleeve fastener type protective shell group 3 is located inside the body part 81 of the body flange 8 The outer protective shell 32 is provided on the outside of the body part 81 of the body flange 8 to protect the sensing element 2 provided on the body part 81. The assembly method of other structures is the same as that of the first embodiment.

The twelfth embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 21, is a resistive full-force load gauge. Its function is to measure shaft pressure, shaft tension and torsion. The main structure is provided with an integral method. The flange 8 is composed of several sensing elements 2, a protective shell group 3 (as shown in Figure 4C), an Aiot module 4 and a module protection box 5. The body flange 8 is provided with a groove 815 (such as (As shown in Figure 19B), the sensing element 2 is a resistive strain gauge 21, and the protective shell group 3 is a half-sleeve fastener type (as shown in Figure 4C, it is provided with an inner protective shell 31 and an outer protective shell. Body 32), the rest of the structure is the same as the first embodiment, and the assembly method is to stick no less than three pairs of resistance strain gauges 21 to the inside of the body part 81 of the body flange 8 by the front and diagonal pasting methods. , the relative position of the outer wall surface, the average value is used to represent the strain value in the middle of the cylindrical wall of the body part 81, and the assembly method of other structures is the same as the eleventh embodiment.

There are many reasons for load eccentricity. For example, during the material compression test, the positioning of the machine is not accurate; the load axis is not aligned with the load gauge axis; and the anchor cable load gauge is deviated from the anchor head central axis, etc.

The load eccentricity algorithm can be based on the method of calculating the position of the plane resultant force. The resistive anchor cable loadmeter of the seventh embodiment (shown in Figure 15A) is taken as an example below, and its simulated preloaded ground anchor preload The strain results of FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis during the construction process are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Finite element method (FEM) strain analysis results

This load gauge does not have an anchor cable type end plate flange 63. Its structure is the same as the resistance load gauge without end plate flange shown in the first embodiment (as shown in Figure 9A). It is equipped with six pairs and a total of twelve sets of resistive load gauges. The strain gauge 21 (full bridge type) is equally adhered to the inner and outer walls of the body unit 1 with an inner diameter of 96 mm and an outer diameter of 124.3 mm. Therefore, six strain values (ε _{i )} located at the center of the wall thickness of the body unit 1 can be obtained. ), as represented by P ₁ ~ P ₆ in Figure 22.

According to the FEM analysis in Table 1 above, the strain at the center of the wall thickness of body unit 1 of the hollow load gauge (i.e. R=(48+62.15)/2=55.075mm) is not affected by the end effect, so it can be used (Formula 1) shows: = + )/2 (Formula 1) It is also known from the mechanics of materials that the force at the location where the strain gauge is attached is as shown in (Formula 2): = (Formula 2) Since the strain gauge is pasted in n equal parts, = = n (Formula 3) So /n= /n (Formula 4) Therefore, the total load on the load meter, P (Formula 5) Put (Formula 4) into (Formula 5), we get (Formula 6) /n= (Formula 6)

Divide the load gauge into six equal parts into six forces (P ₁ ~ P ₆ ), take the line connecting P ₁ P ₄ as the Y axis, and make the X axis perpendicular to it; therefore, the polar coordinates of the action point of each component force _Pi are 𝑃 ₁ (𝑅,θ ₁ =90°), 𝑃 ₂ (𝑅,θ ₂ =30°), 𝑃 ₃ (𝑅,θ ₃ =−30°), 𝑃 ₄ (𝑅,θ ₄ =-90°), 𝑃 ₅ (𝑅,θ ₅ =-150°), 𝑃 ₆ (𝑅,θ ₆ =150°); and converted into XY coordinates, that is, 𝑃 ₁ (X ₁ =0,Y ₁ =55.08), 𝑃 ₂ (X ₂ =47.70, Y ₂ =27.54), 𝑃 ₃ (X ₃ =47.70, Y ₃ =-27.54), 𝑃 ₄ (X ₄ =0, Y ₄ =−55.08), 𝑃 ₅ (X ₅ =-47.70, Y ₅ =−27.54), 𝑃 ₆ (X ₆ =-47.70, Y ₆ =27.54). Therefore, the eccentricity of its load (𝑋 _𝑐 , 𝑌 _𝑐 ) can be obtained from the following two formulas, (Formula 7) (Formula 8) The symbols of the above formula are explained as follows: : The median strain value of the i-th corresponding strain gauge , : The strain values of the inner and outer walls of the i-th corresponding strain gauge ：average strain 𝑃 _ν ：the load shared by the i-th corresponding strain gauge 𝑋 _ν , 𝑌 _ν ：coordinates of the action point of 𝑃 _ν ：The total force 𝐴 of the load gauge is borne by 𝐴 _𝐴 ：The stress area allocated to the i-th corresponding strain gauge 𝐴 ₀ ：The cross-sectional area of the load gauge body unit ：Material Young's coefficient of load gauge body unit ：Correction coefficient of the i-th corresponding strain gauge (i.e. force-strain slope value) 𝐾 ₀ =𝐴 ₀ 𝐸 ₀ ：Calibration value of load gauge : Strain gauge logarithm or strain median number ( )

In the present invention, the Aiot module 4 is installed on the outer protective shell 32 of the load gauge, so the above-mentioned calculated load P and its load eccentricity (𝑋 _𝑐 , 𝑌 _𝑐 ) equations can be written into the Aiot module 43 and communicated through the communication serial port 44 is transmitted to the display screen 47 or to the cloud database and personal mobile device via wifi. When the eccentricity exceeds the allowable value, a warning flash or sound can be emitted to remind the user.

It is customary to think that the measurement deviation of hollow load gauges is caused by load eccentricity and end point effect; however, upon further reflection, it may be caused by the misunderstanding that the structure of unit 1 of the hollow load gauge has mechanical behavior that belongs to the "element". It is caused by a series of misunderstandings, but looking at the current body unit 1 components of the load gauge, they should all be the mechanical behavior of the "structure"; that is to say, the stress or strain at any point on the body unit 1 structure may not be the same everywhere. Therefore, the solution is to find a place where the stress or strain on the structure of the body unit 1 will remain unchanged under different sizes, materials and load conditions of the end plate flange group 6. This is the solution.

In order to verify the above inference, the seventh embodiment of the load gauge of the present invention (as shown in Figure 15A): the resistive anchor cable load gauge is selected for finite element method (Finite Element Method, FEM) analysis. The analysis conditions are mainly based on simulation. The process of applying prestress to ground anchors is explained as follows: Example 1: Simulate the calibration situation of the factory load gauge; the analysis condition is to apply a load of 100 tons on the upper and lower ends of the hollow load gauge body unit 1 (as shown in Figure 2A). Example 2: Simulate the load gauge applying ground anchor prestress; the analysis condition is to add a pressure-bearing plate and a concrete base below the hollow load gauge body unit 1, and add an anchor cable type larger than the load gauge above. The end plate flange 63 (as shown in Figure 7C) serves as the pressure-bearing plate of the hydraulic jack, and an outer ring simulating a jack is added to it, and a ring-shaped load with a total force of 100 tons is applied to the ring. Example 3: Simulate the force transfer to the anchor head after the load gauge is prestressed; the analysis conditions are the same as Example 2, except that the annular jack on the pressure-bearing plate is replaced by an anchor head, and the average is averaged at the anchor head relative to the steel cable anchorage A total load of 100 tons is applied. The properties of the materials used in the analysis are as follows: the load gauge, the upper pressure-bearing plate and the outer ring of the Qianjinding are all made of medium carbon steel, with a yield strength of fy=350Mpa. The lower pressure-bearing plate and anchor head are made of ordinary steel, with a yield strength of fy=250Mpa; concrete Strength f'c=28Mpa; Young's coefficient of steel E=200,000Gpa, Pusong's ratio ν=0.29. The strain results of these three examples of FEM analysis are shown in Table 1 above. Five strain values were taken at the relative positions of the inner and outer walls of the load cell. The following results can be obtained from Table 1: (1) For Example 1, the difference in strain values between the inner and outer walls is very small, and the total average strain value is 1002.3με, which is consistent with the mechanical behavior of the "element". (2) From the results of Examples 2 and 3, it can be seen that the strain value of the inner wall is larger than the strain value of the outer wall. If the strain value of the inner wall is compared with the overall average value of Example 1, the average value of Example 2 is larger than η =1.2, and Example 3 η = 1.34; for the outside ratio, the ratios are η = 0.8 and eta = 0.63 respectively, and this result is consistent with the process of applying prestress to the ground anchor in Taiwan. The electronic load meter reading is lower than The jack readings are consistent with more than 20~30%, and this also indirectly proves the inference that the strain gauge of the conventional hollow load gauge is attached to the outer wall. (3) The average strain values of the inner and outer walls of Examples 2 and 3 are compared with the average strain values of the inner and outer walls of Example 1. The difference between the three is very small, and their average values are higher than those of Example 2 respectively. 1.0 and Example 3 η = 0.99, showing that the hollow load gauge can be mounted on the inner and outer wall surfaces of the sensing element and take the average value, or it can be mounted on the central ring surface of the inner and outer walls. The strain value that is not affected by the end point effect is measured, which is also the theoretical basis for the principle, structure and assembly of the present invention.

Application practice case verification. In order to verify the feasibility and correctness of the principle, structure, assembly and eccentricity algorithm of the present invention, two resistive anchor cable load gauges were made according to the seventh embodiment and installed at a construction site. To carry out remote anchor cable pre-tension monitoring for slope safety monitoring.

This test loadmeter is based on the seventh embodiment to produce a resistance-type anchor cable loadmeter. The body unit 1 structure is a hollow cylinder with an inner diameter of 96mm × an outer diameter of 124.3mm; the inner diameter of the anchor cable end plate flange 63 90 mm are equally divided and pasted on the inner and outer walls of the body unit 1 to obtain the strain values (ε _i ) at the center of the wall thickness of the hollow cylinder at six locations, as shown in P ₁ ~ P ₆ in Figure 22; according to FEM analysis was performed to simulate the prestressing process of the prestressed ground anchor. The obtained strain results are shown in Table 1. According to the FEM analysis, although the average correction value of the load gauge can be obtained, it is approximately K ₀ =100.43 kg/με. For details, see Table 1; However, this correction value is a theoretical value under ideal conditions. After all, the verticality of the strain gauge sticking, the thickness of the glue and solder, waterproof protection, etc. will all affect the strain value of the strain gauge, so the correction value needs to be corrected in the laboratory; Install the load gauge on the compression machine, adjust the load axis of the compression machine to be as consistent as possible with the central axis of the load gauge, and then increase the axial compression pressure to about 15Tons, and record the strain gauge value of each strain gauge by Aiot module 4, such as As shown in Table 2. Table 2 Calibration results of anchor cable load gauge It can be seen from Table 2 that when the load of L1 reaches 15.06 tons and the load of L2 reaches 15.09 tons, the correction values of L1 and L2 are K ₀ =97.76 and 92.82 kg/με respectively, and their eccentricities are L1 (0.90, -1.38) and L2 (-0.71,-1.44) mm, after correcting its eccentricity, its correction coefficients K ₀ =98.09 and 95.11 kg/με, which are slightly smaller than the FEM analysis results.

The calibrated resistive cable load gauge is installed on site to monitor the remote anchor cable prestress to ensure the safety of the slope. The test and results are described below: Test procedure: Paste the strain gauge of the anchor cable load gauge. Points P ₁ and P ₄ correspond to the first and fourth anchor cables respectively, and the line connecting them is regarded as the Y axis, and the perpendicular line to it is regarded as the X axis. The coordinates of the action points of each component Pi are as mentioned above. Then put the anchor head into the anchor cable, set up the hydraulic jack and put on the anchor cable holder, apply pre-stress until the designed pre-force value is reached, then lock the anchor cable holder on the anchor head, and let the pre-force transfer from the jack to the ground. The anchor head is installed, and the prestressing of the ground anchor is completed. The final test results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 On-site test results of anchor cable load gauge Result analysis: (1) In the preload applying stage, L1 applied a preload of 54.49Tons, and after locking the preload, there was still 53.86Tons, a loss of 0.63Tons; on the other hand, L2 applied a preload of 53.37Tons, and after locking the preload, there was still 53.37Tons. There are 50.88Tons, and the loss is 2.43Tons. This difference may be caused by the fact that L1 has conducted a ground anchor suitability test before installing this anchor cable load gauge, which means that it has been pre-stressed. (2) Regarding the load eccentricity, L1 (-0.78, -3.35) mm during the preloading stage and L1 (-0.29, -3.10) mm after locking the preload are not much different, and the eccentricity is toward P ₅ ; the same L2 After applying the pre-force and locking, the values are (1.58,-2.12) and (1.71,-2.14) mm respectively. The eccentricity is toward the P ₃ side. This may be because when the pre-force was applied, the workers tried to knock from the positive X to the negative X direction. Related to adjusting the anchor head position. (3) It can also be seen from Table 3 that regardless of the pre-force application or locking stage, the force on the inner side is greater than that on the outer side. This is the same as the FEM analysis result. If the sensing element is only mounted on the outer side, the measured pre-force will only be The preload value is approximately 0.87~0.92 times, as shown in Table 3. (4) Comparing the applied force of the pre-stressed hydraulic jack with the load measured by this load meter, the load meter reading is only less than 2.5% lower than that of the jack (as shown in Figure 23), and this error value is estimated to be mainly It is caused by the error of the hydraulic jack. (5) Based on the field test results, it is shown that the present invention can effectively solve the problems of end effect and eccentricity of the hollow load gauge.

To sum up, the present invention has indeed achieved the expected purpose and effect, and is more ideal and practical than the conventional ones. However, the above embodiments are only specific descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment is not intended to limit the patentable scope of the present invention. All other equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the technical means disclosed in the present invention should be included in the patentable scope of the present invention.

1: Ontology unit 11:Inner convex ring 12:Outer convex ring 13:Buckle hole 14:Through hole 15:Screw hole 16:Slot 17: Rectangular through hole 18: round hole 2: Sensing element 21: Resistive strain gauge 211:Base 212: Resistance wire 213: Wiring point 214:Wire 22: Vibrating wire strain gauge 221:Steel string 222:Solenoid coil assembly 223:Wire 3:Protective shell set 31: Inner protective shell 310: Button perforation 32:Outer protective shell 320: Wire through hole 321:Fixing hole 322:Buckle hole 323: Button perforation 4:Aiot module 40: Button perforation 41: Sensing component serial port 42:ADC/FV conversion module 43:Aiot module 44: Communication serial port 45:Data recording module 46:Power management module 47:Display screen 5:Module protection box 50: Button perforation 51:Buckle hole 52:Wireless antenna 53:Power signal cable 54:Protective cover 55:Button perforation 6: End plate flange group 61: Axial pressure top plate flange 610: Screw holes 611: Ball groove 612: Load gauge embedded slot 62: Axial pressure bottom end plate flange 620: Load gauge embedded slot 621: Screw holes 63: Anchor type end plate flange 630: Anchor head embedded slot 631: Screw holes 632: Positioning hole 633: Load gauge embedded slot 64: Full-force end plate flange 640: Screw holes 641:Connection hole 642: Load gauge embedded slot 70: Fasteners 71:Screws 8: Body flange 81: Ontology part 811:Inner convex ring 812:Outer convex ring 813: Buckle hole 814:Through hole 815:Slot 816: Rectangular through hole 817: round hole 82:Flange part 820:Connection hole

Figure 1 shows a comparative deviation diagram of conventional ground anchor load gauges. Figure 2A shows a perspective view of the main body unit of the present invention. Figure 2B shows a three-dimensional view of the body unit of the present invention with grooves on its wall. Figure 2C shows a perspective view of a rectangular hole provided on the wall of the main body unit of the present invention. Figure 2D shows a three-dimensional view of the body unit of the present invention with circular holes on the wall. Figure 3A shows a schematic diagram of a full-bridge resistive strain gauge of the present invention. Figure 3B shows a schematic diagram of the half-bridge resistive strain gauge of the present invention. Figure 3C shows a schematic diagram of a quarter-bridge resistive strain gauge of the present invention. Figure 3D shows a schematic diagram of the rosette type resistance strain gauge of the present invention. Figure 3E shows a schematic diagram of the vibrating wire strain gauge of the present invention. Figure 4A shows a three-dimensional view of the protective case set of the present invention, which is a full sleeve fastener type. Figure 4B shows a three-dimensional view of the full-sleeve type protective case set of the present invention. Figure 4C shows a perspective view of the half-sleeve fastener type protective case set of the present invention. Figure 5 shows a functional block diagram of the Aiot module of the present invention. Figure 6 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the Aiot module and module protection box of the present invention. Figure 7A shows a perspective view of the axial pressure top plate flange of the present invention. Figure 7B shows a perspective view of the axial pressure bottom end plate flange of the present invention. Figure 7C shows a perspective view of the anchor cable end plate flange of the present invention. Figure 7D shows a perspective view of the full-force end plate flange of the present invention. Figure 8A shows a schematic diagram of the method of front-facing the resistive strain gauge of the present invention on the body unit in pairs, inside and outside. Figure 8B shows a schematic diagram of the positive attachment method of the resistive strain gauge of the present invention in the rectangular hole of the body unit. Figure 8C shows a schematic diagram of the formal installation method of the vibrating wire strain gauge of the present invention on the body unit in pairs, inside and outside. Figure 8D shows a schematic diagram of the formal installation method of the vibrating wire strain gauge of the present invention in the rectangular hole of the body unit. Figure 8E shows a schematic diagram of the method of diagonally attaching the resistive strain gauge of the present invention to the body unit in pairs inside and outside. Figure 8F shows a schematic diagram of the oblique attachment method of the resistive strain gauge of the present invention in the rectangular hole of the body unit. Figure 8G shows a schematic diagram of the front and diagonal pasting methods of the resistance strain gauge of the present invention on the body flange in pairs inside and outside. Figure 8H shows a schematic diagram of the oblique installation method of the vibrating wire strain gauge of the present invention in the rectangular hole of the body unit. Figure 9A shows an exploded perspective view of the resistance load gauge according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9B shows a three-dimensional combination of Figure 8A. Figure 10 shows a three-dimensional exploded view of a resistance load gauge with a rectangular hole in the body unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is an exploded perspective view of a vibrating wire load gauge according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a perspective exploded view of a vibrating wire load gauge with a rectangular hole in the body unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13A shows an exploded perspective view of a resistance type axial pressure load gauge with an axial pressure end plate flange according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13B shows a three-dimensional combination of Figure 13A. Figure 14 is a perspective exploded view of a vibrating wire axial pressure loadmeter equipped with an axial pressure end plate flange according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15A shows a perspective exploded view of a resistance-type anchor cable load meter equipped with an anchor-type end plate flange according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15B shows a three-dimensional combination of Figure 15A. Figure 16 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a vibrating wire anchor cable load gauge equipped with an anchor cable end plate flange according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17A is a perspective exploded view of a resistive torque load meter equipped with a full force end plate flange according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17B shows a three-dimensional combination of Figure 17A. Figure 18 is a perspective exploded view of a vibrating wire torsion loadmeter equipped with a full force end plate flange according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19A shows a perspective view of the body flange of the present invention. Figure 19B shows a three-dimensional view of the grooves provided on the wall of the body flange of the present invention. Figure 19C shows a perspective view of a rectangular hole provided on the wall of the body flange of the present invention. Figure 19D shows a perspective view of a circular hole provided on the wall of the body flange of the present invention. Figure 20A shows a three-dimensional exploded view of a resistive torque load meter with a body flange according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20B shows a three-dimensional combination of Figure 20A. Figure 21 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a resistive full force load gauge with body flange according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 shows a schematic diagram of the attachment position of the strain gauge according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 shows a comparative deviation diagram of the resistive anchor cable load meter test according to the embodiment of the present invention.

1: Ontology unit

11:Inner convex ring

12:Outer convex ring

13:Buckle hole

14:Through hole

15:Screw hole

21: Resistive strain gauge

31: Inner protective shell

310: Button perforation

32:Outer protective shell

320: Wire through hole

321:Fixing hole

322:Buckle hole

323: Button perforation

4:Aiot module

40: Button perforation

5:Module protection box

50: Button perforation

51:Buckle hole

52:Wireless antenna

53:Power signal cable

54:Protective cover

55:Button perforation

70: Fasteners

Claims (10)

The structure of a load gauge is mainly composed of a body unit, several sensing elements, a protective shell group, an Aiot module and a module protection box; the body unit is a hollow cylindrical shape, and the inner wall of the body unit The upper and lower parts of the body unit are each provided with an inner convex ring. The upper and lower parts of the outer wall of the body unit are each provided with an outer convex ring. The wall of the body unit is provided with several through holes. The top and bottom surfaces of the body unit are each provided with several through holes. screw holes; a plurality of sensing elements are fixed on the inner and outer walls of the body unit in pairs; the protective shell set is composed of an inner protective shell and an outer protective shell, and the inner protective shell The shell system is located inside the body unit, and the outer protective shell system is located outside the body unit. The wall surface of the outer protective shell is provided with wire through holes; the Aiot module is located outside the outer protective shell. On the wall, the Aiot module includes a sensing component serial port, ADC/FV conversion module, Aiot module, communication serial port, data recording module, power management module and display screen. The embedded software in the Aiot module can provide Real-time analysis and early warning function of load eccentricity; the module protection box is located on the outer wall of the outer protective shell, and covers the Aiot module. The module protection box is equipped with a wireless antenna and power signal The upper cover of the module protection box is equipped with a protective cover. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein the inner convex ring and the outer convex ring on the upper part of the body unit are each provided with a plurality of buckling holes, and the inner protective shell and the upper part of the outer protective shell correspond to Each buckle hole position of the body unit is provided with a buckle through hole, and the inner protective shell and the outer protective shell are respectively fixed on the inner and outer walls of the body unit through fasteners. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein the wall surface of the main body unit is provided with no less than three grooves, or the wall surface of the main body unit is provided with no less than three through holes for the Sensing element setup. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein the sensing element is a resistance strain gauge. The resistance strain gauge is provided with a base. Several resistance wires and connection points are provided on the base. The connection points are provided with There are wires, and the resistance strain gauge can be set as a full bridge resistance strain gauge, a half bridge resistance strain gauge, a quarter bridge resistance strain gauge or a rosette resistance strain gauge, full bridge type and half bridge type The resistance strain gauge has its own temperature compensation function, while the quarter-bridge and rosette resistance strain gauges need to be supplemented by a temperature sensing element to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein the sensing element is a vibrating wire strain gauge, the vibrating wire strain gauge is provided with a steel string, and an electromagnetic coil assembly is provided on the steel string to excite the Steel string, the electromagnetic coil assembly is provided with wires, and the vibrating wire strain gauge needs to be supplemented by a temperature sensing element to correct the thermal strain caused by the temperature difference. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein the protective shell group is a full sleeve fastener type or a full sleeve fastener type or a half sleeve fastener type, and the half sleeve fastener type protective shell group Cut it in half to take a shell composed of a semicircle. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein the outer protective shell is provided with fixing holes and buckle holes around the wire through holes, and the inner protective shell and the upper part of the outer protective shell are respectively provided with several A snap-through hole is provided on the Aiot module corresponding to the fixing hole on the outer protective shell. The Aiot module is fixed on the outer protective shell through the snap-on component, and the module protection box There are buckle through holes on the outer protective shell corresponding to the buckle holes. The module protection box is also provided with several buckle holes. The protective cover is provided with buckle holes corresponding to the module protection box. The module protection box is fastened to the outer protective shell through fasteners, or the module protective box is directly welded or bonded to the outer wall of the outer protective shell, and the protective cover is fixed on the module protection box. The structure of the load gauge as described in claim 1, wherein an end plate flange group is configured according to the use requirements of the load gauge. The end plate flange group is located on the top or bottom surface of the body unit. The end plate flange group The assembly is equipped with an axial pressure top plate flange, an axial pressure bottom end plate flange, an anchor type end plate flange and a full force end plate flange. The axial pressure top plate flange is connected to the axial pressure bottom plate flange. The plate flange is a load gauge used for material compression testing. The axial pressure top plate flange is provided with screw holes corresponding to the screw holes on the top surface of the body unit. The top surface of the axial pressure top plate flange is There is a spherical groove in the middle position. The bottom surface of the axial pressure top plate flange is provided with a load gauge embedding groove. The top surface of the axial pressure bottom end plate flange is provided with a load gauge embedding groove. The axial pressure bottom end plate flange is provided with a load gauge embedding groove. The end plate flange is provided with screw holes corresponding to the screw holes on the bottom surface of the body unit, and the anchor cable type end plate flange is used for the anchor cable load meter. The top surface of the anchor cable type end plate flange is provided with a The anchor head embedding groove is provided with a screw through hole corresponding to each screw hole position of the body unit. The anchor head embedding groove is also provided with at least three positioning holes. The anchor cable type end plate method There is a load gauge embedded slot on the bottom surface of the orchid, and the full-force end plate flange is a load gauge used to measure pressure, tension, and torque. The full-force end plate flange is provided with several screw holes and several The connection holes. The screw holes of the full-force end plate flange correspond to the positions of the screw holes of the body unit. The connection holes of the full-force end plate flange are used for connecting external components. The full-force end plate flange The bottom surface is equipped with a load gauge embedded slot. The structure of a load gauge is mainly composed of a body flange, several sensing elements, a protective shell group, an Aiot module and a module protection box; the body flange is provided with a body part and a flange part. The body part is designed as a hollow cylindrical shape. The upper and lower parts of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the body part are respectively provided with inner convex rings and outer convex rings. The inner convex ring and the outer convex ring at the upper part of the body part are provided with several numbers. a fastening hole, the wall surface of the body part is provided with several through holes or slots or through holes, the upper and lower parts of the body part are provided with the flange part, and the flange part is provided with several connecting holes; The sensing element is fixed on the inner and outer walls or the through-hole wall of the body part of the body flange; the protective shell set is composed of an inner protective shell and an outer protective shell. The inner protective shell system The outer protective shell is provided on the inner side of the main body part of the main body flange, and the outer protective shell system is provided on the outer side of the main body part of the main body flange. The wall surface of the outer protective shell is provided with wire through holes; the Aiot module is installed on the On the outer wall of the outer protective shell, the Aiot module includes a sensing component serial port, ADC/FV conversion module, Aiot module, communication serial port, data recording module, power management module and display screen. The Aiot module The embedded software in the group can provide real-time analysis and early warning functions of load eccentricity; the module protection box is installed on the outer wall of the outer protective shell, and the module protection box is also installed on the Aiot module. The module protection box is equipped with There are wireless antennas and power signal lines. The module protection box is also covered with a protective cover. A method for measuring load eccentricity, which is based on the calculation formula of the load eccentricity algorithm with an Aiot module installed on the loadmeter. , , the calculated load will be found and its load eccentricity , The equation is written into the Aiot module of the Aiot module and transmitted to the display screen via the communication serial port or to the cloud database and personal mobile device via wifi. When the eccentricity exceeds the allowable value, a warning flash or sound will be emitted to alert the user. .

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