TW202401939A - Protection circuit of battery module - Google Patents

Abstract

This disclosure provides a protection circuit of a battery module. The protection circuit comprises a master microcontroller, a slave microcontroller, a charging path switch, a discharging path switch, and a switch controller. When the master microcontroller operates normally, the master microcontroller periodically sends a pulse signal to the slave microcontroller and controls the switch controller to be in an enabled state, so that the switch controller allows to control the charge path switch or the discharge path switch to be turned on or off. When the master microcontroller is abnormal, the slave microcontroller does not receive the pulse signal from the master microcontroller, the slave microcontroller controls the switch controller to be in a disabled state, so that the switch controller is prohibited to control the charge path switch or the discharge path switch to be turned on.

Description

Battery module protection circuit

The present invention relates to a protection circuit, in particular to a circuit that is used to activate charge and discharge protection when the main microcontroller of a battery module fails.

In today's battery management systems, the microcontroller unit (MCU) serves as the charging path, discharging path or switch controller on the charging and discharging path of the battery module. The microcontroller needs to start the internal watchdog timer at a fixed time to perform a reset procedure. If the microcontroller enters an infinite loop (or infinite loop) for some unknown reason and cannot start the watchdog timer to perform the reset procedure, at this time, the charging path, discharging path or the charge and discharge path of the battery module will The switch will be in an uncontrolled state. If the charging path, discharging path or the switch on the charging and discharging path of the battery module is in an uncontrolled state, it will cause the battery module to charge or discharge at low or high temperatures or cause the battery module to be overcharged or overdischarged. situation, resulting in damage to the battery module or thermal runaway.

Furthermore, when the microcontroller enters an infinite loop, the watchdog timer of an external ASIC can also be used to generate a reset signal, and the microcontroller can be reset through the reset signal. However, before the reason why the microcontroller enters an infinite loop is solved, the charging path, discharging path or the switch on the charging and discharging path of the battery module will be turned on and off repeatedly, so that the battery module will still be under low or high temperature. Charging or discharging will continue or the battery module will be overcharged or overdischarged.

Alternatively, when the microcontroller enters an infinite loop, the watchdog timer of the external ASIC can also generate a latch signal, and use the latch signal to latch a switch controller in a disabled state for a fixed time. After the fixed latch time expires, the switch controller returns to the enabled state. However, if the cause of the microcontroller entering an infinite loop is not resolved, the switch controller that returns to the enabled state will continue to control the charging path. , the discharge path or the switch of the charge and discharge path is repeatedly opened and closed, so that the battery module will still charge or discharge at low or high temperatures, or the battery module will be overcharged or overdischarged.

An object of the present invention is to provide a protection circuit for a battery module. The protection circuit includes a master microcontroller, a slave microcontroller, a switch controller, a charging path switch and a discharging path switch. When the main microcontroller is operating normally, the main microcontroller will enable the switch controller, allowing the switch controller to control a switch on a charging path or a switch on a discharging path to turn on or off, so that the battery module A battery cell is charged or discharged through a charging path or a discharging path. On the contrary, when the master microcontroller is abnormal, the slave microcontroller will disable the switch controller and prohibit the switch controller from controlling the switches on the charging path or the switches on the discharging path to conduct, thereby preventing the battery cells of the battery module from passing through. The charge path charges or the discharge path discharges.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a protection circuit for a battery module, in which when the master microcontroller is operating normally, a pulse signal will be sent to the slave microcontroller to notify the slave microcontroller of the current status of the master microcontroller. Normal operation requires the slave microcontroller to prohibit control of the switch controller; when the master microcontroller is abnormal, the slave microcontroller does not receive a pulse signal from the master microcontroller, and the slave microcontroller takes control of the switch controller. The switch controller is disabled, thereby prohibiting the switch controller from turning on the switches on the charging path or the switches on the discharging path.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a protection circuit for a battery module, in which when the main microcontroller is abnormal, the power management system executes a system restart program to restore the main microcontroller from the abnormal state to the normal state and restart the system. The switch controller is enabled to allow the switch controller to continue to control the charging path switch or the discharging path switch to turn on or off, allowing the battery module to perform charging or discharging.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a battery module protection circuit, which includes: a master microcontroller; a slave microcontroller connected to the master microcontroller; a charging path switch; a discharge path switch; and a switch. The controller is connected to the master microcontroller, the slave microcontroller, the charging path switch and the discharge path switch; among them, when the master microcontroller regularly sends a pulse signal to the slave microcontroller, the master microcontroller controls the switch controller In the consistent enable state, the switch controller controls the charging path switch or the discharge path switch to turn on or off; when the slave microcontroller does not receive a pulse signal, the slave microcontroller controls the switch controller to be in a disabled state.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when the master microcontroller is operating normally, the master microcontroller regularly sends pulse signals to the slave microcontroller and the control switch controller is in an enabled state; when the master microcontroller is abnormal, the master microcontroller The microcontroller cannot send pulse signals to the slave microcontroller, and the slave microcontroller controls the switch controller to be in a disabled state.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a power management system for power supply is further included. When the main microcontroller is abnormal, the power management system executes a system restart procedure. The main microcontroller recovers from abnormality to normal operation. The main microcontroller The device re-timing sends a pulse signal to the slave microcontroller and the control switch controller is in an enabled state.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when the master microcontroller is abnormal and the power management system has not executed the system restart procedure, the switch controller is always latched in the disabled state by the slave microcontroller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells. The protection circuit further includes a positive power supply circuit and a negative power supply circuit. The positive power supply circuit is connected to an internal positive power supply of the battery unit. terminal and an external power supply positive terminal of the battery module. The negative terminal of the power supply is connected between an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply negative terminal of the battery module. The charging path switch and the discharge path switch are set on the positive terminal of the power supply. terminal line or the negative terminal line of the power supply.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, and the protection circuit further includes a first power supply positive terminal circuit, a second power supply positive terminal circuit and a power supply negative terminal circuit. The first power supply The positive terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and a first external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, and the second power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between the internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and a second external power supply positive terminal of the battery module. Between the positive terminal of the external power supply, the negative terminal line of the power supply is connected between an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply negative terminal of the battery module. The charging path switch is set on the first power supply positive terminal line, and the discharge path switch is set on On the positive terminal line of the second power supply.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, and the protection circuit further includes a power supply positive terminal circuit, a first power supply negative terminal circuit, and a second power supply negative terminal circuit. The power supply positive terminal The circuit is connected between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply positive terminal of the battery module. The first power supply negative terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and a first external power supply negative terminal of the battery module. terminals, the second power supply negative terminal line is connected between the internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and a second external power supply negative terminal of the battery module, the charging path switch is set on the first power supply negative terminal line, and the discharge path switch is set on On the negative terminal line of the second power supply.

The present invention also proposes a protection circuit for a battery module, including: a first master microcontroller; a first slave microcontroller connected to the first master microcontroller; a charging path switch; and a first switch controller , connected to the first master microcontroller, the first slave microcontroller and the charging path switch; wherein, when the first master microcontroller regularly sends a first pulse signal to the first slave microcontroller, the first master microcontroller The controller controls the first switch controller to be in a consistent energy state, and the first switch controller controls the charging path switch to turn on or off; when the first slave microcontroller does not receive the first pulse signal, the first slave microcontroller The first switch controller is controlled to be in a disabled state.

In an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: a second master microcontroller; a second slave microcontroller connected to the second master microcontroller; a discharge path switch; and a second switch controller connected to the second The master microcontroller, the second slave microcontroller and the discharge path switch; wherein, when the second master microcontroller regularly sends a second pulse signal to the second slave microcontroller, the second master microcontroller controls the second slave microcontroller. The two switch controllers are in a consistent energy state, and the second switch controller controls the discharge path switch to turn on or off; when the second slave microcontroller does not receive the second pulse signal, the second slave microcontroller controls the second switch. The controller is in a disabled state.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the first master microcontroller is abnormal, the first master microcontroller cannot send the first pulse signal to the first slave microcontroller, and the first slave microcontroller controls the first switch controller. In a disabled state; or when the second master microcontroller is abnormal, the second master microcontroller cannot send the second pulse signal to the second slave microcontroller, and the second slave microcontroller controls the second switch controller. In a disabled state.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a power management system for power supply is further included. The power management system executes a system restart procedure. The first main microcontroller or the second main microcontroller recovers from abnormality to normal operation. The master microcontroller or the second master microcontroller re-timing sends the first pulse signal or the second pulse signal to the first slave microcontroller or the second slave microcontroller and controls the first switch controller or the second switch control The device is in the enabled state.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the first master microcontroller is abnormal and the power management system has not executed the system restart procedure, the first switch controller is always latched in the disabled state by the first slave microcontroller.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the second master microcontroller is abnormal and the power management system has not executed the system restart procedure, the second switch controller is always latched in the disabled state by the second slave microcontroller.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic circuit block diagram of a protection circuit of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the battery module 100 of the present invention includes a battery unit 10 and a protection circuit 300 . The battery unit 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 . A power management system 200 will provide the power required for the protection circuit 300 to operate.

The protection circuit 300 includes a master microcontroller 31 , a slave microcontroller 32 , a switch controller 33 , a charging path switch 34 and a discharging path switch 35 . The master microcontroller 31 is connected to the slave microcontroller 32 . The switch controller 33 is connected to the master microcontroller 31 , the slave microcontroller 32 , the charging path switch 34 and the discharging path switch 35 .

An external power supply positive terminal 17 and an external power supply negative terminal 19 are provided on the outside of the battery module 100 (such as the casing), and the battery unit 10 on the inside of the battery module 100 is provided with an internal power supply positive terminal 111 and an internal power supply negative terminal 112 . The protection circuit 300 further includes a power supply positive terminal circuit 13 and a power supply negative terminal circuit 15 having a resistor 150. The positive power supply circuit 13 is connected between the internal power supply positive terminal 111 and the external power supply positive terminal 17 , and the power supply negative terminal circuit 15 is connected between the internal power supply negative terminal 112 and the external power supply negative terminal 19 . The charging path switch 34 and the discharging path switch 35 are provided on the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply.

When the main microcontroller 31 is operating normally, the control power of the switch controller 33 is in the main microcontroller 31 , and the main microcontroller 31 will send an enable signal 310 to the switch controller 33 to control the switch controller 33 in a consistent energy state. The switch controller 33 in the enabled state allows the charging path switch 34 or the discharge path switch 35 to be turned on, so that an external power supply connected to the external power supply positive terminal 17 and the external power supply negative terminal 19 can be connected through the power supply positive terminal line 13 The battery unit 10 is charged or the battery unit 10 is discharged through the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply to a load electrically connected to the positive terminal 17 of the external power supply and the negative terminal 19 of the external power supply.

Furthermore, when the master microcontroller 31 is operating normally, the master microcontroller 31 will periodically send a pulse signal 311 to the slave microcontroller 32 . After the slave microcontroller 32 receives the pulse signal 311 sent by the master microcontroller 31, it will know that the master microcontroller 31 is currently operating normally, and the slave microcontroller 32 remains in an idle state.

On the contrary, when the master microcontroller 31 enters an endless loop abnormal state due to unknown reasons, the pulse signal 311 cannot be sent to the slave microcontroller 32 . When the slave microcontroller 32 does not receive the pulse signal 311 sent by the master microcontroller 31 for a fixed period of time, the slave microcontroller 32 takes control of the switch controller 33, and the slave microcontroller 32 will send a prohibition signal. The enable signal 320 is sent to the switch controller 33 to control the switch controller 33 to be in a disabled state. The switch controller 33 in the disabled state prohibits the charging path switch 34 or the discharge path switch 35 from being turned on, so as to prevent the external power supply from charging the battery unit 10 through the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply or the battery unit 10 from charging the battery unit 10 through the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply. Discharge the load.

Therefore, when the main microcontroller 31 is abnormal, by controlling the switch controller 33 from the slave microcontroller 32 to be in a disabled state, the battery unit 10 can be prohibited from charging or discharging to prevent the battery module 100 from being exposed to low or high temperatures. Charging or discharging is performed to reduce the probability of damage to the battery core 11 of the battery module 100, or to avoid overcharging or over-discharging of the battery module 100, and to reduce the probability of thermal runaway of the battery core 11 of the battery module 100.

Continuing, when the main microcontroller 31 is abnormal, the power management system 200 will execute a system restart program (also known as a system reset program), and the main microcontroller 31 returns to the normal state from the abnormal state. 31 Regain the control right of the switch controller 33 and send the enable signal 310 to the switch controller 33 so that the switch controller 33 can return to the enable state and allow the charging path switch 34 or the discharge path switch 35 to continue to be controlled to conduct or conduct. Close. At the same time, the master microcontroller 31 that has returned to normal status re-sends the pulse signal 311 to the slave microcontroller 32 to inform the slave microcontroller 32 that the master microcontroller 31 has resumed normal operation and requires the slave microcontroller 32 Stop controlling the switch controller 33.

In addition, before the power management system 200 executes the system restart procedure, even if the master microcontroller 31 returns from an abnormal state to a normal state, the slave microcontroller 32 will still have control of the switch controller 33, and the switch controller 33 will always be controlled by the slave microcontroller 32. The microcontroller 32 is latched in a disabled state, which prevents the switch controller 33 from being controlled by the main microcontroller 31 in an unstable operating state, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 100 when charging and discharging.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a schematic diagram of a circuit block of a battery module protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the protection circuit 300 of the battery module 100 in the above embodiment, which includes a power supply positive terminal line 13 and a corresponding external power supply positive terminal 17, the protection circuit 301 of the battery module 101 in this embodiment includes two circuits. The power supply positive terminal circuit (such as the first power supply positive terminal circuit 131 and the second power supply positive terminal circuit 132) and its two corresponding external power supply positive terminals (such as the first external power supply positive terminal 171 and the second external power supply positive terminal 172) .

The first positive power supply circuit 131 is connected between the internal power supply positive terminal 111 and the first external power supply positive terminal 171 , and the second power supply positive terminal circuit 132 is connected between the internal power supply positive terminal 111 and the second external power supply positive terminal 172 . The charging path switch 34 is provided on the first power supply positive terminal line 131 , and the discharge path switch 35 is provided on the second power supply positive terminal line 132 .

When the switch controller 33 is enabled by the main microcontroller 31, the switch controller 33 in the enabled state can control the charging path switch 34 to be turned on, so that a circuit connected to the first external power supply positive terminal 171 and the external power supply negative terminal 19 The external power supply can charge the battery unit 10 through the first power supply positive terminal line 131; or, the switch controller 33 in the enabled state can control the discharge path switch 35 to be turned on, so that the battery unit 10 can pass through the second power supply positive terminal line. 132 discharges a load electrically connected to the second external power supply positive terminal 172 and the external power supply negative terminal 19 .

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic diagram of a circuit block of a battery module protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the protection circuit 300 of the battery module 100 of the above embodiment, the charging path switch 34 and the discharge path switch 35 are disposed on the power supply positive terminal line 13. The charging path of the protection circuit 302 of the battery module 102 of this embodiment is The switch 34 and the discharge path switch 35 are provided on the negative terminal line 15 of the power supply.

When the switch controller 33 is enabled by the main microcontroller 31, the switch controller 33 in the enabled state can control the charging path switch 34 to be turned on, so that an external power supply connected to the external power supply positive terminal 17 and the external power supply negative terminal 19 can be turned on. The power supply can charge the battery unit 10 through the negative terminal line 15 of the power supply, or the battery unit 10 can discharge the battery unit 10 through the negative terminal line 15 of the power supply to a load electrically connected to the positive terminal 17 and the negative terminal 19 of the external power supply.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a schematic diagram of a circuit block of a battery module protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the protection circuit 302 of the battery module 102 of the above embodiment, which includes a power supply negative terminal line 15 and a corresponding external power supply negative terminal 19, the protection circuit 303 of the battery module 103 of this embodiment includes two The power supply negative terminal circuit (such as the first power supply negative terminal circuit 151 and the second power supply negative terminal circuit 152) and its two corresponding external power supply negative terminals (such as the first external power supply negative terminal 191 and the second external power supply negative terminal 192) .

The first negative power supply circuit 151 is connected between the internal power supply negative terminal 112 and the first external power supply negative terminal 191 , and the second power supply negative terminal circuit 152 is connected between the internal power supply negative terminal 112 and the second external power supply negative terminal 192 . The charging path switch 34 is provided on the first power supply negative terminal circuit 151 , and the discharge path switch 35 is provided on the second power supply negative terminal circuit 152 .

When the switch controller 33 is enabled by the main microcontroller 31, the switch controller 33 in the enabled state can control the charging path switch 34 to be turned on, so that a circuit connected to the external power supply positive terminal 17 and the first external power supply negative terminal 191 The external power supply can charge the battery unit 10 through the first power supply negative terminal line 151; or, the switch controller 33 in the enabled state can control the discharge path switch 35 to be turned on, so that the battery unit 10 can charge the battery unit 10 through the second power supply negative terminal line. 152 discharges a load electrically connected to the positive terminal 17 of the external power supply and the negative terminal 192 of the second external power supply.

Please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a schematic diagram of a circuit block of a battery module protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the above embodiment, the protection circuit 300 of the battery module 100 only uses a set of master microcontroller, slave microcontroller and switch controller to control the on or off of the charging path switch 34 and the discharging path switch 35. This implementation For example, the protection circuit 304 of the battery module 104 uses two sets of master microcontrollers, slave microcontrollers and switch controllers to respectively control the on or off of the charging path switch 34 and the discharging path switch 35 .

As shown in FIG. 5 , the power management system 200 will provide the power required for the operation of the protection circuit 304 . The protection circuit 304 includes a first master microcontroller 361 , a first slave microcontroller 371 , a first switch controller 381 and a charging path switch 34 . The first switch controller 381 is connected to the master microcontroller 361 , the first slave microcontroller 371 and the charging path switch 34 . The charging path switch 34 is provided on the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply.

When the first main microcontroller 361 operates normally, the first main microcontroller 361 will send a first enable signal 3610 to the first switch controller 381 to control the first switch controller 381 to be in a consistent enable state. The first switch controller 381 in the enabled state allows the charging path switch 34 to be turned on, so that an external power supply connected to the external power supply positive terminal 17 and the external power supply negative terminal 19 can face the battery unit through the power supply positive terminal line 13 10 to charge. Furthermore, when the first master microcontroller 361 is operating normally, at the same time, the first master microcontroller 361 will regularly send a first pulse signal 3611 to the first slave microcontroller 371 . After the first slave microcontroller 371 receives the first pulse signal 3611 sent by the first master microcontroller 361, it will know that the first master microcontroller 361 is currently operating normally, and the first slave microcontroller 371 remains at a idle state.

On the contrary, when the first master microcontroller 361 enters an endless loop abnormal state for unknown reasons and is unable to send the first pulse signal 3611 to the first slave microcontroller 371, the first slave microcontroller 371 will control the first switch. In the control of the controller 381, the first slave microcontroller 371 will send a first disable signal 3710 to the first switch controller 381 to control the first switch controller 381 to be in a disable state. The first switch controller 381 in the disabled state will prohibit the control of the charging path switch 34 from turning on, so as to prevent the external power supply from charging the battery unit 10 through the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply.

Therefore, when the first master microcontroller 361 is abnormal, the first slave microcontroller 371 controls the first switch controller 381 to be in a disabled state, thereby prohibiting the battery unit 10 from charging to prevent the battery module 100 from being charged. Charging at low or high temperatures reduces the probability of damage to the battery core 11 of the battery module 100, or avoids overcharging of the battery module 100, thereby reducing the probability of thermal runaway of the battery core 11 of the battery module 100.

The protection circuit 304 further includes a second master microcontroller 362, a second slave microcontroller 372, a second switch controller 382 and a discharge path switch 35. The second master microcontroller 362 is connected to the second slave microcontroller 372 . The second switch controller 382 is connected to the second master microcontroller 362 , the second slave microcontroller 372 and the discharge path switch 35 . The discharge path switch 35 is provided on the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply.

When the second main microcontroller 362 is operating normally, the second main microcontroller 362 will send a second enable signal 3620 to the second switch controller 382 to control the second switch controller 382 to be in a consistent enable state. The second switch controller 382 in the enabled state allows the control of the discharge path switch 35 to be turned on, so that the battery unit 10 faces a terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal 17 of the external power supply and the negative terminal 19 of the external power supply through the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply. The load is discharged. Furthermore, when the second master microcontroller 362 is operating normally, at the same time, the second master microcontroller 362 will regularly send a second pulse signal 3621 to the second slave microcontroller 372 . After the second slave microcontroller 372 receives the second pulse signal 3621 sent by the second master microcontroller 362, it will know that the second master microcontroller 362 is currently operating normally, and the second slave microcontroller 372 remains at a constant level. idle state.

On the contrary, when the second master microcontroller 362 enters an endless loop abnormal state for unknown reasons and is unable to send the second pulse signal 3621 to the second slave microcontroller 372, the second slave microcontroller 372 will control the second switch. With the control authority of the controller 382, the second slave microcontroller 372 will send a second disable signal 3720 to the second switch controller 382 to control the second switch controller 382 to be in a disable state. The second switch controller 382 in the disabled state prohibits the discharge path switch 35 from being turned on to prevent the battery unit 10 from discharging the load through the positive terminal line 13 of the power supply.

Therefore, when the second master microcontroller 362 is abnormal, the second slave microcontroller 372 controls the second switch controller 382 to be in a disabled state, thereby prohibiting the battery unit 10 from discharging to prevent the battery module 100 from being discharged. Discharging or over-discharging at low or high temperatures reduces the probability of damage to the battery core 11 of the battery module 100 .

Similarly, when the first main microcontroller 361 or the second main microcontroller 362 is abnormal, if the first main microcontroller 361 or the second main microcontroller 362 wants to retrieve the first switch controller 381 or the second main microcontroller 362, With the control right of the switch controller 382, the power management system 200 must execute the system reboot procedure. After the power management system 200 completes the system restart procedure, the first main microcontroller 361 or the second main microcontroller 362 returns from the abnormal state to the normal state. The first main microcontroller 361 or the second main microcontroller 362 Regain the control right to control the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382 and send the enable signal 3610/3620 to the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382, so that the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382 The controller 381 or the second switch controller 382 can return to the enabled state and be allowed to continue to control the charging path switch 34 or the discharging path switch 35 to turn on or off. At the same time, the first master microcontroller 361 or the second master microcontroller 362 that has returned to the normal state re-sends the pulse signal 3611/3621 to the first slave microcontroller 371 or the second slave microcontroller 372 to notify The first slave microcontroller 371 or the second slave microcontroller 372 is now the first master microcontroller 361 or the second master microcontroller 362 has resumed normal operation and requires the first slave microcontroller 371 or the second slave microcontroller The controller 372 stops controlling the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382.

In addition, before the power management system 200 executes the system restart procedure, even if the first master microcontroller 361 or the second master microcontroller 362 recovers from an abnormal state to a normal state, the first slave microcontroller 371 or the second slave microcontroller The controller 372 will still control the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382, and the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382 is always controlled by the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382. The latch is in a disabled state, so that the first switch controller 381 or the second switch controller 382 can be prevented from being controlled by the first main microcontroller 361 or the second main microcontroller 362 that is in an unstable operating state, so as to improve The safety of the battery module 100 when charging and discharging.

In this embodiment, the charging path switch 34 and the discharging path switch 35 can also be selectively disposed on the same power supply positive terminal line 13 or the same power supply negative terminal circuit 15 or selectively disposed on different power supply positive terminal lines 131 and 132 or choose to set them on different negative terminal lines 151 and 152 of the power supply. Here, the selection of the arrangement positions of the charging path switch 34 and the discharging path switch 35 has been clearly disclosed in the respective embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 , and will not be repeated here.

The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, any equal changes and modifications may be made in accordance with the shape, structure, characteristics and spirit described in the patent application scope of the present invention. All should be included in the patentable scope of the present invention.

100:battery module 101:Battery module 102:Battery module 103:Battery module 104:Battery module 10:Battery unit 11:Battery core 13: Positive terminal line of power supply 131: First power supply positive terminal line 132: Second power supply positive terminal line 15: Negative terminal line of power supply 150: Resistor 151: First power supply negative terminal line 152: Second power supply negative terminal line 17: Positive terminal of external power supply 171: Positive terminal of the first external power supply 172: Second external power supply positive terminal 19: Negative terminal of external power supply 191: Negative terminal of the first external power supply 192: Second external power supply negative terminal 200:Power management system 300: Protection circuit 301: Protection circuit 302: Protection circuit 303: Protection circuit 304: Protection circuit 31: Main microcontroller 310: Enable signal 311:Pulse signal 32: From microcontroller 320:Disable signal 33:Switch controller 34:Charging path switch 35: Discharge path switch 361: First master microcontroller 3610:The first enabling signal 3611:First pulse signal 362: Second master microcontroller 3620: Second enabling signal 3621: Second pulse signal 371: First slave microcontroller 3710: The first disabling signal 372: Second slave microcontroller 3720: The second disabling signal 381: First switch controller 382: Second switch controller

FIG. 1 is a circuit block schematic diagram of an embodiment of the protection circuit of the battery module of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit block schematic diagram of another embodiment of the protection circuit of the battery module of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit block of a battery module protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a protection circuit for a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a circuit block schematic diagram of another embodiment of the protection circuit of the battery module of the present invention.

100:battery module

10:Battery unit

11:Battery core

111: Positive terminal of internal power supply

112: Internal power supply negative terminal

13: Positive terminal line of power supply

15: Negative terminal line of power supply

150: Resistor

17: Positive terminal of external power supply

19: Negative terminal of external power supply

200:Power management system

300: Protection circuit

31: Main microcontroller

310: Enable signal

311:Pulse signal

32: From microcontroller

320:Disable signal

33:Switch controller

34:Charging path switch

35: Discharge path switch

Claims (16)

A protection circuit for a battery module, including: a main microcontroller; A slave microcontroller is connected to the master microcontroller; a charging path switch; a discharge path switch; and A switch controller connected to the master microcontroller, the slave microcontroller, the charging path switch and the discharging path switch; Wherein, when the master microcontroller regularly sends a pulse signal to the slave microcontroller, the master microcontroller controls the switch controller to be in a consistent enable state, and the switch controller controls the charging path switch or the discharge The path switch is turned on or off; when the slave microcontroller does not receive the pulse signal, the slave microcontroller controls the switch controller to be in a disabled state. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, wherein when the master microcontroller is operating normally, the master microcontroller regularly sends the pulse signal to the slave microcontroller and controls the switch controller to be in the enabled state. ; When the main microcontroller is abnormal, the main microcontroller cannot send the pulse signal to the slave microcontroller, and the slave microcontroller controls the switch controller to be in the disabled state. The protection circuit as described in claim 2 further includes a power management system for power supply. When the main microcontroller is abnormal, the power management system executes a system restart procedure, and the main microcontroller recovers from abnormality. During normal operation, the master microcontroller re-sends the pulse signal to the slave microcontroller and controls the switch controller to be in the enabled state. The protection circuit as described in claim 3, wherein the switch controller is always latched in the disabled state by the slave microcontroller before the master microcontroller is abnormal and the power management system has not executed the system restart procedure. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, the protection circuit further includes a power supply positive terminal circuit and a power supply negative terminal circuit, the power supply positive terminal circuit is connected to Between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, the power supply negative terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply negative terminal of the battery module , the charging path switch and the discharging path switch are arranged on the positive terminal line of the power supply or on the negative terminal line of the power supply. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, and the protection circuit further includes a first power supply positive terminal circuit, a second power supply positive terminal circuit and a power supply negative terminal circuit. terminal circuit, the first power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and a first external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, and the second power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between the battery unit Between the positive terminal of the internal power supply and a positive terminal of the second external power supply of the battery module, the negative terminal line of the power supply is connected between the negative terminal of the internal power supply of the battery unit and the negative terminal of the external power supply of the battery module. The charging The path switch is arranged on the positive terminal line of the first power supply, and the discharge path switch is arranged on the positive terminal line of the second power supply. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, and the protection circuit further includes a power supply positive terminal circuit, a first power supply negative terminal circuit and a second power supply negative terminal circuit. terminal circuit, the power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, and the first power supply negative terminal circuit is connected to an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and a first external power supply negative terminal of the battery module, the second power supply negative terminal circuit is connected between the internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and a second external power supply negative terminal of the battery module, the charging The path switch is arranged on the negative terminal line of the first power supply, and the discharge path switch is arranged on the negative terminal line of the second power supply. A protection circuit for a battery module, including: a first main microcontroller; a first slave microcontroller connected to the first master microcontroller; a charging path switch; and A first switch controller connected to the first master microcontroller, the first slave microcontroller and the charging path switch; Wherein, when the first master microcontroller regularly sends a first pulse signal to the first slave microcontroller, the first master microcontroller controls the first switch controller to be in a consistent enable state, and the first master microcontroller controls the first switch controller to be in a consistent enable state. A switch controller controls the charging path switch to turn on or off; when the first slave microcontroller does not receive the first pulse signal, the first slave microcontroller controls the first switch controller to be in a disabled state. energy status. The protection circuit as described in claim 8 further includes: a second master microcontroller; a second slave microcontroller connected to the second master microcontroller; a discharge path switch; and a second switch controller connected to the second master microcontroller, the second slave microcontroller and the discharge path switch; Wherein, when the second master microcontroller regularly sends a second pulse signal to the second slave microcontroller, the second master microcontroller controls the second switch controller to be in a consistent enable state. The two switch controllers control the discharge path switch to turn on or off; when the second slave microcontroller does not receive the second pulse signal, the second slave microcontroller controls the second switch controller to be in a disabled state. energy status. The protection circuit as described in claim 9, wherein when the first master microcontroller is abnormal, the first master microcontroller cannot send the first pulse signal to the first slave microcontroller. The controller controls the first switch controller to be in the disabled state; or, when the second main microcontroller is abnormal, the second main microcontroller cannot send the second pulse signal to the second slave microcontroller. The second slave microcontroller controls the second switch controller to be in the disabled state. The protection circuit as claimed in claim 10 further includes a power management system for power supply, the power management system executes a system restart procedure, and the first main microcontroller or the second main microcontroller recovers from an abnormality. For normal operation, the first master microcontroller or the second master microcontroller re-timing sends the first pulse signal or the second pulse signal to the first slave microcontroller or the second slave microcontroller. and controlling the first switch controller or the second switch controller to be in the enabled state. The protection circuit of claim 11, wherein the first switch controller is always latched by the first slave microcontroller before the first master microcontroller is abnormal and the power management system has not executed the system restart procedure. in this disabled state. The protection circuit of claim 11, wherein the second switch controller is always latched by the second slave microcontroller before the second master microcontroller is abnormal and the power management system has not executed the system restart procedure. in this disabled state. The protection circuit of claim 9, wherein the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, the protection circuit further includes a power supply positive terminal circuit and a power supply negative terminal circuit, the power supply positive terminal circuit is connected to Between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, the power supply negative terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply negative terminal of the battery module , the charging path switch and the discharging path switch are arranged on the positive terminal line of the power supply or on the negative terminal line of the power supply. The protection circuit of claim 9, wherein the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, and the protection circuit further includes a first power supply positive terminal circuit, a second power supply positive terminal circuit and a power supply negative terminal circuit. terminal circuit, the first power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and a first external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, and the second power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between the battery unit Between the positive terminal of the internal power supply and a positive terminal of the second external power supply of the battery module, the negative terminal line of the power supply is connected between the negative terminal of the internal power supply of the battery unit and the negative terminal of the external power supply of the battery module. The charging The path switch is arranged on the positive terminal line of the first power supply, and the discharge path switch is arranged on the positive terminal line of the second power supply. The protection circuit of claim 9, wherein the battery module includes a battery unit with a plurality of battery cells, and the protection circuit further includes a power supply positive terminal circuit, a first power supply negative terminal circuit and a second power supply negative terminal circuit. terminal circuit, the power supply positive terminal circuit is connected between an internal power supply positive terminal of the battery unit and an external power supply positive terminal of the battery module, and the first power supply negative terminal circuit is connected to an internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and a first external power supply negative terminal of the battery module, the second power supply negative terminal line is connected between the internal power supply negative terminal of the battery unit and a second external power supply negative terminal of the battery module, the charging The path switch is arranged on the negative terminal line of the first power supply, and the discharge path switch is arranged on the negative terminal line of the second power supply.