TW202243367A - Intelligent energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

An intelligent energy storage system, which is electrically connected to an external power source and a load, includes a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, at least one converter and a controller; the first energy storage device is configured to store electrical energy, the second energy storage device is electrically connected to the external power source and the load, the converter is electrically connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, and the controller is used to detect at least one electrical property of the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device to adjust an output voltage and an output current of the converter; in an energy storage mode, the external power supply is used as the power source to charge the first energy storage device through the second energy storage device; in an energy transfer mode, the first energy storage device is used as the power source to charge the second energy storage device.

Description

Smart Energy Storage System

The invention relates to an energy storage system, in particular to an intelligent energy storage system.

Rechargeable batteries have been widely used in various daily necessities, among which the battery used to start the engine in a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as "engine") is an example. At present, most automobiles and motorcycles on the market use lead-acid batteries to start and store electricity. However, lead-acid batteries are made of lead and are not environmentally friendly, and their service life is generally only 2 to 3 years. This kind of traditional lead-acid batteries is made of positive electrodes. Plate, negative plate, separator, battery tank, electrolyte, and terminals. The principle of the battery is to convert chemical energy and direct current energy into each other, and provide repeated storage and use through charging energy after discharge. At present, the device that uses the lead-acid battery to start the engine needs to draw a large current instantaneously. After repeated operations, the lead-acid battery will easily deteriorate and its internal resistance will increase. However, the large current to start the engine remains unchanged. , the lead-acid battery will accelerate its deterioration, leading to the gradual failure of the lead-acid battery, and the life of the lead-acid battery will be affected by different pumping currents. Furthermore, the disadvantages of lead-acid batteries are that in addition to the shortened service life due to the continuous increase in internal resistance, dangerous combustible hydrogen gas may be produced when overcharged, and the electrolyte and lead plates will be damaged by a large amount of lead sulfate when overcharged. Serious irreversible damage caused by crystallization, leading to serious aging of the battery, and the capacity that can be stored is drastically reduced or even reduced to zero; moreover, lead-acid batteries are heavy and bulky, and there is a high risk of pollution to the environment after being discarded. ideal.

Therefore, in recent years, the industry has developed supercapacitor packs and lithium (iron) batteries to prolong the life of lead-acid batteries or replace lead-acid batteries. Although there are combined applications of supercapacitor packs and lead-acid batteries, they still cannot be fully activated. And after start-up, the advantages of the combination of storage capacity, large current and voltage regulation will be brought into play; however, the use of lithium (iron) batteries today still has the problem of reduced life due to high current discharge, and the charging current of lithium (iron) batteries is not sufficient. control; therefore, how to replace lead-acid batteries with supercapacitor packs and lithium (iron) batteries, while avoiding high-current charging or discharging of lithium (iron) batteries, achieving the purpose of protecting lithium (iron) batteries, and increasing lithium (iron) The technology of battery life needs to be solved urgently.

In view of the above deficiencies, and in order to achieve the above improvement goals, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention is electrically connected to an external power supply and a load. The smart energy storage system includes: a first energy storage device, which is used to store electric energy; The second energy storage device is electrically connected to the external power supply and the load. In an energy storage mode, the external power supply is used as the power source to charge the first energy storage device through the second energy storage device. Energy Transfer Mode, using the first energy storage device as the power source to charge the second energy storage device; at least one converter electrically connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device , for adjusting an output voltage and an output current, allowing the first energy storage device to unidirectionally charge the second energy storage device, or allowing an external power source to unidirectionally charge the first energy storage device through the second energy storage device; and, A controller, used to detect at least one electrical characteristic of the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device, to adjust the output voltage and output current of the converter, to prevent the first energy storage device from being charged or discharged with a large current, and to achieve The purpose of protecting the first energy storage device.

Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein the first energy storage device is a lithium battery structure, including any one or a combination of lithium (iron) batteries, ternary lithium batteries, etc., the first The second energy storage device is a capacitor structure, including any one or a combination of super capacitors, super capacitor banks, capacitor banks, etc., and the external power source is used as a power source, including any one of a generator, an external battery, or a combination thereof, The external power supply is used to provide the power required by the load, and the second energy storage device is electrically connected to the external power supply. When the external power supply is powered by an external power supply, that is, in the power storage mode, the external power supply is connected to the converter through the second energy storage device. The converter is then connected to the first energy storage device, and the controller controls the output voltage and output current of the converter to charge the first energy storage device, that is, the electric energy output by the external power supply can be unidirectionally recharged to the first energy storage device.

Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein the controller detects at least one electrical characteristic of the first energy storage device, is to detect the electrical characteristics measured by the voltage measuring device and the current measuring device respectively. Measuring a first voltage value and a first current value of the first energy storage device; the controller detects at least one electrical characteristic of the second energy storage device, and detects that the second energy storage is measured by a voltage measuring device A second voltage value of the device; wherein the first voltage value of the first energy storage device, the first current value and the second voltage value of the second energy storage device are respectively provided to the controller, and the controller thereby adjusts the output voltage of the converter and Output current.

Also, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein the converter includes an off state, a charge control state and a discharge control state, the off state means that the converter does not perform charging or discharging operations, and the charge control state The state is that the external power supply unidirectionally charges the first energy storage device via the second energy storage device and the converter, and the discharge control state is that the first energy storage device unidirectionally charges the second energy storage device via the converter.

Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein the controller controls the converter to be in the off state and charge Switch between the control state and the discharge control state.

Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device conforms to an external power supply state, enters the power storage mode, and the controller controls the converter Switch to the charging control state, use the external power source as the power source, charge the first energy storage device unidirectionally through the second energy storage device and the converter, until the first energy storage device is fully charged to a high potential, that is, the second energy storage device A first current value of an energy storage device reaches a first lower limit current value.

Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein, after the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device matches the state of an external power supply stop, the load is powered by the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device. At least one of the two energy storage devices is used as a power supply source, when the power of the second energy storage device is not enough to supply the power required by the load, that is, the second voltage value of the second energy storage device is lower than a second lower limit voltage value, enter the dump mode, the controller controls the converter to switch to the discharge control state, using the discharge of the first energy storage device as the power source, and unidirectionally charges the second energy storage device through the converter until the second energy storage device When fully charged to a high potential, that is, when the second voltage value of the second energy storage device reaches a second upper limit voltage value, the controller controls the converter to switch to an off state, so that the converter does not perform charging or discharging operations.

Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein, when the external power supply is stopped, the load uses the second energy storage device as the power supply source, when the controller detects the second energy storage device 2. When the voltage value has a sudden and rapid continuous drop, the load should have a long-lasting large power demand. The controller controls a switch circuit to turn on the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, so that the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device The energy storage device is used as the power supply source together, and the power supply load requires a large amount of power for a long time.

Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein, in the power storage mode, when the converter switches to the charging control state, the controller adjusts the converter to charge the first energy storage device in one direction, A constant current charging mode and a constant voltage charging mode are executed sequentially, and the condition for changing from the constant current charging mode to the constant voltage charging mode is to satisfy a preset upper limit charging voltage value.

Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention, wherein, in the dump mode, when the converter switches to the discharge control state, the controller adjusts the converter to charge the second energy storage device in one direction, The constant current charging mode and the constant voltage charging mode are executed sequentially, and the condition for changing from the constant current charging mode to the constant voltage charging mode is to satisfy a preset upper limit charging voltage value.

The detailed structure, features, assembly or usage of the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention will be described in the subsequent detailed description of the implementation. However, those with ordinary knowledge in the field of the present invention should understand that the detailed description and the specific embodiments enumerated for implementing the present invention are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

In the following, the components, steps, and effects of the smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention will be explained by enumerating corresponding preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. However, the components, dimensions and appearance of the smart energy storage system in each drawing It is only used to illustrate the technical characteristics of the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

In addition, the words "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used in this article are all open terms, meaning "including but not limited to". In addition, "and/or" used herein includes any one and all combinations of one or more items in the relevant listed items.

The smart energy storage system disclosed in the present invention provides a combined structure of the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20, wherein the smart energy storage systems of the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment provide energy batteries and power The combined structure of the battery, wherein the energy battery is a lithium battery structure, and the power battery is a capacitor structure, that is, the first energy storage device is a lithium battery structure, and the second energy storage device is a capacitor structure. This structure replaces The traditional lead-acid battery and load/generator electrical connection structure achieves the purpose of lead-free permanent battery, and replaces the lead-acid battery required by the external load and generator with a capacitor structure. The occasional instantaneous voltage jump of the generator will be absorbed by the capacitor structure and stabilized. The DC power supply of the generator, so whether it provides load power or stabilizes the voltage of the generator, it operates through the capacitor structure. When the generator is powered, the lithium battery structure is only used to store power. When the generator stops powering, The lithium battery structure provides the electric capacity loss of the capacitor structure due to self-consumption or power consumption of vehicle-mounted equipment; the composition of the smart energy storage system of the present invention is described above, and then, the operation and efficacy of the smart energy storage system of the present invention are described in detail.

Referring to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a smart energy storage system 100, which is electrically connected to an external power source 400 and a load 500. The smart energy storage system 100 includes: a first energy storage device 10, which is used to store electric energy; The second energy storage device 20 is electrically connected to the external power supply 400 and the load 500; the converter 30 is electrically connected between the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20; and the controller 40 is used to detect the second energy storage device At least one electrical characteristic of an energy storage device 10 or the second energy storage device 20 to adjust the output voltage and output current of the converter 30; 20 and the converter 30 charge the first energy storage device 10 in one direction, that is, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to adjust an output voltage V _1crg and an output current I _1crg , allowing the external power source 400 to pass through the second energy storage device The energy device 20 unidirectionally charges the first energy storage device 10 to avoid the influence of the high current charging of the first energy storage device 10; The second energy storage device 20 is charged, that is, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to adjust an output voltage V _2crg and an output current I _2crg , allowing the first energy storage device 10 to charge the second energy storage device 20 unidirectionally. Charging to avoid the impact of large current discharge or over-discharge of the first energy storage device 10; through the above-mentioned technical means, the first energy storage device 10 can be protected and the service life of the first energy storage device 10 can be extended.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, taking an automobile as an example, the first energy storage device 10 is a lithium (iron) battery, the second energy storage device 20 is a supercapacitor pack, and the external power supply 400 is a generator for Provide the power required by the load 500. The load 500 includes any one or a combination of the starter motor and the vehicle-mounted equipment. The supercapacitor bank is directly electrically connected to the generator, the starter motor, and the vehicle-mounted equipment. The converter 30 is located Between the battery and the supercapacitor bank, and electrically connect the lithium (iron) battery and the supercapacitor bank respectively, to adjust the output voltage and output current. The electric power passes through the supercapacitor bank and the converter 30 to charge the lithium (iron) battery in one direction; in addition, when the car is turned off, after an external power supply stops supplying power, the supercapacitor bank provides the required power for the load 500, when the supercapacitor bank power It is not enough to provide the power required by the load 500, allowing the discharge of the lithium (iron) battery to charge the supercapacitor bank unidirectionally via the converter 30, but the first energy storage device 10 of the present invention is not limited to the lithium (iron) battery, the second storage The energy device 20 is not limited to a supercapacitor bank, the external power supply is not limited to a generator, and the load is not limited to a starter motor and vehicle-mounted equipment.

The converter 30 in the first embodiment has a bidirectional charging function, respectively has a unidirectional charging function to a lithium (iron) battery and a unidirectional charging function to a supercapacitor bank, and the converter 30 includes an off state, a charge control state and a discharge control state , wherein the closed state is that the converter 30 does not charge the lithium (iron) battery or does not discharge the lithium (iron) battery, and the charging control state is that the generator is used as the power source, and the supercapacitor group and the converter 30 The lithium (iron) battery is charged unidirectionally, and the discharge control state is that the lithium (iron) battery is used as the power source, and the supercapacitor bank is charged unidirectionally via the converter 30 .

Further explain the specific operation mode of the first embodiment. At the beginning, the converter 30 is in an off state, and the converter 30 does not perform charging or discharging operations. When the controller 40 detects that the _second voltage V of the supercapacitor bank meets a After the external power supply state, for example, the converter 30 is in the off state or the discharge control state, and the second voltage value V2 of the _second energy storage device 20 rises to meet a preset start-up voltage value, or the _second voltage value V2 The amount of change of the change conforms to a preset starting voltage difference, or a starting signal provided by the car, that is, enters the power storage mode, and the controller 40 provides the control signal CS _crg corresponding to the charging control state of the converter 30 to adjust the conversion The converter 30 generates the output voltage V ₁ crg and the output current I ₁ crg, so that the converter 30 is switched to the charging control state, and the generator is used as the power source, and the lithium (iron) battery is unidirectionally charged through the super capacitor bank and the converter 30 , until the first voltage value of the lithium (iron) battery reaches any voltage value higher than the preset first lower limit voltage value V _1min according to requirements, that is, the preset first upper limit voltage value V _1max , preferably Set to full potential or rated voltage, or, the controller 40 detects that the first current value _I1 of the lithium (iron) battery reaches a first lower limit current value _I1min , and the first lower limit current value _I1min of this embodiment can be set as 0.2C, the controller 40 provides a control signal CS _off corresponding to the off state to the converter 30, so that the converter 30 switches to the off state and does not perform charging operation, so as to avoid overcharging of the lithium (iron) battery.

When the controller 40 detects that the _second voltage value V2 of the supercapacitor bank meets an external power supply stop state, for example, the converter 30 is in an off state and the second voltage value V2 of the _second energy storage device 20 drops to meet the A preset flame-off voltage value, or the variation of the second voltage value V ₂ conforms to a preset flame-off voltage difference, or a flame-off signal provided by the car, when the second voltage value V ₂ of the super capacitor bank is too low , this phenomenon is also called undervoltage, which means that the supercapacitor bank cannot normally provide the cold cranking current (CCA, Cold Cranking Ampere) of the starter motor, that is, the supercapacitor bank cannot supply enough current for the starter motor to start, so when the controller When 40 detects that the second voltage value V2 of the supercapacitor group is lower than the _second lower limit voltage value _V2min , the controller 40 detects that the first voltage value V1 of the lithium (iron) battery is greater than the _first lower limit voltage value V at the same time. _1min , where the first lower limit voltage value V _1min is set based on the fact that the lithium (iron) battery has reached the over-discharge voltage value, so as to avoid the over-discharge of the lithium (iron) battery, that is, enter the dump mode, and the controller 40 provides the converter 30 corresponding to The control signal CS _discrg of the discharge control state is used to adjust the output voltage V _2crg and the output current I _{2crg generated} by the converter 30, so that the converter 30 is switched to the discharge control state, and the lithium (iron) battery is used as the power source. The supercapacitor pack is charged until the controller 40 detects that the second voltage value V ₂ of the supercapacitor pack reaches the preset second upper limit voltage value V _2max , which is preferably set to full potential or rated voltage, or when the controller 40 40 detects that the first voltage value V ₁ of the lithium (iron) battery is lower than the first lower limit voltage value V _1min , and the controller 40 provides a control signal CS _off corresponding to the off state to the converter 30, so that the converter 30 switches to In the closed state, the lithium (iron) battery will not be discharged, and a warning can be issued if necessary, including any one or a combination of buzzer, display or light warning.

In the dump mode in the first embodiment of the present invention, the setting method of the second lower limit voltage value V _2min and the second upper limit voltage value V _2max of the supercapacitor bank is as follows. Taking a car as an example, the load current of the starter motor of an existing car is the same as that of the car It is related to the displacement CC. The displacement refers to the total volume of the air and gas mixture inhaled by the internal combustion engine in a complete engine cycle, usually expressed in cubic centimeters (CC), while the displacement is related to the The vehicle's power strength, acceleration performance, fuel consumption and CO ₂ emissions are related; the minimum current value of the cold cranking current (CCA) is set by the starting battery factory specification, for example, it is defined that a 12-volt starting battery can be used at a temperature of 0°F Pass down for 30 seconds while maintaining a voltage of at least 7.2 volts. If the current of the starting battery corresponding to the voltage value of 7.2 volts is lower than the minimum current value of the cold starting current, the power of the starting battery will be insufficient for instantaneous discharge, that is, starting The battery cannot supply enough current to the starter motor. Usually, the starting battery classification is between 1600 CC and 2000 CC, and a starting battery with a cold cranking current amperage (CCA) of 500A is required. The smart energy storage system of the present invention is completely composed of supercapacitors The total CCA of the total CCA provides the starting motor current. For example, the supercapacitor bank is composed of 6 supercapacitors in series, and the voltage of each supercapacitor is 2.8V. 500A, the internal resistance of the super capacitor bank plus the line resistance is 0.013Ω, then the second lower limit voltage value V _2min of the super capacitor bank that can extract 500A is 13.7V, the calculation method is as follows: 7.2V/500A=0.0144Ω, V _2min /( 0.013Ω+0.0144Ω) = 500A, therefore, the preferred design is that the second lower limit voltage value V _2min is lower than the voltage value of the external power supply connected in parallel with the supercapacitor bank, so that the voltage value of the supercapacitor bank remains higher than the second The lower limit voltage value V _2min , for example, the external power supply is a car generator of 12V system, the charging voltage of the generator is generally greater than or equal to 14.2V, and the second lower limit voltage value V _2min is set to 13.7V, so that the super capacitor bank can supply enough electricity at any time Current is supplied to the starter motor to start; the second upper limit voltage value V _2max of the supercapacitor bank can be set to any voltage value higher than the second lower limit voltage value V _2min according to demand, preferably set to full potential or rated voltage, For example, the second upper limit voltage value V _2max of the supercapacitor bank may be set to 15.8V.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the smart energy storage system utilizes the characteristics of large current and voltage stabilization of the supercapacitor bank. Taking a car as an example, the supercapacitor bank is directly connected in parallel with the generator, the starter motor, and the vehicle-mounted equipment. It can effectively start the starter motor and stabilize the voltage of the generator, and at the same time improve the stability and service life of the vehicle-mounted equipment. Since the lithium (iron) battery does not directly participate in the overall start of the starter motor and generator voltage stabilization, the starter motor starts Instantaneous (<5ms) high current does not need to be supplied from the lithium (iron) battery. When the AC voltage of the generator is stabilized, the occasional instantaneous voltage jump during the driving of the car will be absorbed by the super capacitor bank, that is, only the super capacitor bank assists in voltage regulation. The lithium (iron) battery will not be subjected to chain waves and large charging currents, and the life of the lithium (iron) battery can be extended.

For example, the electric quantity of the lithium (iron) battery is 30AHrs. In the power storage mode, when the generator starts, the generator is used as the power source, and the lithium (iron) battery is charged unidirectionally through the supercapacitor group and the converter 30, and the converter 30 Charge the lithium (iron) battery with a charging IC with a controllable output current and a controllable output voltage of 0.5C and a maximum of 15A, which can eliminate the possibility of charging the lithium (iron) battery with a large current; in the dump mode, the super capacitor bank needs to be recharged When the lithium (iron) battery is discharged as the power source, the converter 30 unidirectionally charges the supercapacitor bank with a 1C maximum 30A charging IC controllable output current and controllable output voltage, which can prevent the large current of the lithium (iron) battery The possibility of discharge; through the above mechanism, it can meet the needs of power storage, voltage stabilization and instantaneous high current without causing damage to the lithium (iron) battery due to high current. The converter 30 of this embodiment includes one or more step-up/step-down Module (boost/buck module), but the present invention is not limited thereto. The boost/buck module is directional, and can receive a voltage source in one direction and convert it into one or more output voltages. The design of the step-down module depends on the potential of the lithium (iron) battery and the supercapacitor bank, and operates in boost mode or step-down mode. As the name implies, "boost mode" means boosting a certain voltage to obtain another voltage; "step-down mode" means stepping down a certain voltage to obtain another voltage.

Regardless of the power storage mode or the dump mode, when the converter 30 is in the charge control state or the discharge control state, the controller 40 regulates the converter 30 to charge the lithium (iron) battery or the super capacitor bank in one direction, preferably The charging mode is to execute a constant current charging mode (CC mode) and a constant voltage charging mode (CV mode) in sequence. limited to this state), at this time, the charging mode of the lithium (iron) battery or supercapacitor bank is a fixed current charging mode, and the charging current is fixed at this time and is a relatively high charging current, so it is charged into the lithium (iron) battery or supercapacitor bank The storage capacity of the lithium (iron) battery or the supercapacitor bank can be fully charged quickly, when the storage capacity of the lithium (iron) battery or the supercapacitor bank is almost fully charged to an upper limit charging voltage At this time, the charging mode of the lithium (iron) battery or supercapacitor pack will be changed to a fixed voltage charging mode. At this time, the voltage is fixed, the charging current drops, and the charging speed slows down, making the lithium (iron) battery or supercapacitor pack Close to the optimal condition of being fully charged.

Another example is that when an automobile has an idle stop system, since the number of starts is N times that of general vehicles, in order to reduce pollution and fuel consumption, some automobile manufacturers install start/stop (start/stop) systems in their new generation models. Turns off the engine when stopped and automatically restarts the engine when the driver's foot is moved from the brake pedal to the accelerator pedal, helping to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution during urban driving and stop-and-go traffic , the smart energy storage system 100 of the present invention can supply power when the car is equipped with an idle stop system (start/stop system), the number of starts is N times compared with that of a general starter motor, and N is the arithmetic mean or rounding Therefore, when the car stops, the engine is turned off, that is, the generator does not supply power, and after an external power supply stops supplying power, the supercapacitor bank is used to supply power to the electronic power consumption of the on-board equipment on the car, such as air conditioners, audio or Headlights, etc., cause the continuous power loss of the supercapacitor bank, so when the controller 40 detects that the second voltage V2 of the supercapacitor bank is lower than the _second lower limit voltage _V2min , the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to switch to the discharge control state, the lithium (iron) battery is discharged through the converter 30 to unidirectionally charge and supply power to the supercapacitor bank until the second voltage value V2 of the supercapacitor bank reaches the _second upper limit voltage _V2max for the next engine start; if During the running of the car, that is, after the generator power supply meets an external power supply state, the controller 40 controls the converter 30 to switch to the charging control state, and the generator power is unidirectionally charged to lithium (iron) through the supercapacitor bank and the converter 30. The battery is charged to the preset first upper limit voltage value V _1max , which is preferably set to full potential or rated voltage, and the second voltage value V ₂ of the supercapacitor bank will only be equal to or slightly higher than the generator voltage.

Referring to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the smart energy storage system 200 of the present invention is roughly the same as the smart energy storage system 100 of the first embodiment, the difference between the two is only that the second embodiment has two conversion directions in different directions The converter 30a and the converter 30b, wherein the converter 30a is electrically connected between the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20, when an external power supply is stopped, for example, the controller 40 detects the super capacitor bank The _second voltage value V2 is too low, that is, the supercapacitor bank cannot normally provide the power required by the load 500, so it enters the dump mode, and the controller 40 controls the converter 30a to switch to the discharge control state, and the lithium (iron) battery As a power source, the supercapacitor pack is charged unidirectionally by the converter 30a, but the other converter 30b is in a closed state, so the lithium (iron) battery does not directly participate in the power supply of the overall load 500 and the voltage regulation of the generator Action; when it meets an external power supply state, it enters the power storage mode, and the controller 40 controls the converter 30b to switch to the charging control state, with the generator as the power source, and the generator passes through the supercapacitor bank through the converter 30b one-way The lithium (iron) battery is charged, but the other converter 30a is turned off.

Referring to the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the smart energy storage system 300 of the present invention is substantially the same as the smart energy storage system 100 of the first embodiment, the only difference is that a switch circuit 50 is added for the first storage The switching between the conduction and non-conduction of the energy device 10 and the second energy storage device 20, when the generator stops supplying power, after an external power supply stops supplying the state, the second energy storage device 20 provides the required power for the load 500. The controller 40 detects that the second voltage value V2 of the _second energy storage device 20 continues to drop too fast, that is, the load 500 still has a continuous large power consumption, and the controller 40 provides a control signal CS _off corresponding to the off state To the converter 30, the converter 30 is switched to the off state, and the charging or discharging action is not performed, and the controller 40 provides the corresponding control signal CS _fast at the same time, so that the switch circuit 50 conducts the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20. Compared with the charging current 30A of the converter 30 in the first embodiment, the third embodiment can provide a higher charging current, such as 70A, to achieve fast charging of the first energy storage device 10 to the second energy storage device 20, while Can quickly meet the large power demand of the load 500; wherein the switch circuit 50 is, for example, a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), relay (Relay) and electromagnetic switch constituted by at least one of the switch, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In a variant embodiment of the smart energy storage system of the present invention (not shown in the figure), after the controller 40 detects that the second voltage value V2 of the _second energy storage device 20 conforms to an external power supply stop state, the load 500 can use the first energy storage energy device as the power supply source, or the load 500 can use the second energy storage device 20 as the power supply source, or the load 500 can use the first energy storage device 10 and the second energy storage device 20 as the power supply source.

The application of the smart energy storage system of the present invention is not limited to automobiles, motorcycles and fishing boats. The smart energy storage system itself is an independent battery, which can protect and prolong the service life of the smart energy storage system, so that vehicles and internal combustion engines only need A smart energy storage system is enough to meet the needs of power storage, voltage regulation and high current at the same time. The voltage regulation makes the vehicle and internal combustion engine, fuel oil or electric control more efficient and stable, and reduces air pollution. The present invention can be applied in Any vehicle with an internal combustion engine as the power source or electric equipment that requires batteries can be directly imported into the original factory without changing the design, and it can also meet the needs of the aftermarket.

Finally, it is emphasized that the constituent elements disclosed in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of this case. The substitution or change of other equivalent elements should also be covered by the patent application scope of this case .

100, 200, 300: smart energy storage system 400: external power supply 500: load 10: first energy storage device 20: second energy storage device 30, 30a, 30b: converter 40: controller 50: switch circuit V ₁ : First voltage value V ₂ of the first energy storage device: second voltage value I ₁ of the second energy storage device: first current value V _1crg , V _2crg of the first energy storage device: output voltage I _1crg , I _2crg : Output current CS _crg , CS _discrg , CS _off , CS _fast : control signal

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a smart energy storage system with a converter according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a smart energy storage system with two converters according to a second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a smart energy storage system with a converter and a switch circuit according to a third embodiment.

100:Smart Energy Storage System

400: External power supply

500: load

10: The first energy storage device

20: Second energy storage device

30:Converter

40: Controller

V ₁ : the first voltage value of the first energy storage device

V ₂ : the second voltage value of the second energy storage device

I ₁ : the first current value of the first energy storage device

V _1crg , V _2crg : output voltage

I _1crg , I _2crg : output current

CS _crg , CS _discrg , CS _off : control signal

Claims (12)

A smart energy storage system electrically connected to an external power source and a load, the smart energy storage device includes: A first energy storage device, which is used to store electric energy; A second energy storage device is electrically connected to the external power supply and the load. In a power storage mode, the external power supply is used as a power source to charge the first energy storage device through the second energy storage device. A dump mode, using the first energy storage device as a power source to charge the second energy storage device; At least one converter, electrically connected between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, is used to adjust an output voltage and an output current, allowing the first energy storage device to unidirectionally charging the energy storage device, or allowing the external power source to unidirectionally charge the first energy storage device via the second energy storage device; and A controller, used to detect at least one electrical characteristic of the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device, to adjust the output voltage and the output current of the converter, to prevent the first energy storage device from charging or discharging current to achieve the purpose of protecting the first energy storage device. The smart energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first energy storage device is a lithium battery structure. The smart energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the second energy storage device is a capacitive structure. The smart energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one electrical characteristic of the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device is a first voltage value and a The first current value, or a second voltage value of the second energy storage device. The smart energy storage system as described in Claim 4, wherein the converter includes an off state, a charge control state and a discharge control state, the off state means that the converter does not perform charging or discharging operations, and the charge control state The state is that the external power supply unidirectionally charges the first energy storage device via the converter, and the discharge control state is that the first energy storage device unidirectionally charges the second energy storage device via the converter. The smart energy storage system as described in claim 5, wherein the controller controls the converter to be in the off state, based on detecting the at least one electrical characteristic of the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device Switch between the charge control state and the discharge control state. The smart energy storage system according to claim 4, wherein the controller enters the power storage mode after detecting that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device conforms to an external power supply state. The smart energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein, in the power storage mode, the converter is in the charging control state until the first current value of the first energy storage device reaches a first lower limit current value . The smart energy storage system as described in claim 4, wherein, after the controller detects that the second voltage value of the second energy storage device meets an external power supply shutdown state, the load is powered by the first energy storage device and the At least one of the second energy storage devices serves as a power supply source. The smart energy storage system as described in claim 5 or 9, wherein, when the second voltage value of the second energy storage device is lower than a second lower limit voltage value, the dump mode is entered, and the converter is The discharging control state is until the second voltage value of the second energy storage device reaches a second upper limit voltage value. The smart energy storage system as described in claim 5, wherein, in the power storage mode or the dump mode, when the converter is in the charge control state or the discharge control state, the converter is adjusted by the controller To charge the first energy storage device or the second energy storage device, a constant current charging mode and a constant voltage charging mode are executed in sequence. The smart energy storage system according to claim 11, wherein the condition for changing the constant current charging mode to the fixed voltage charging mode is to satisfy a preset upper limit charging voltage value.

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